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Sakashita M, Takabayashi T, Imoto Y, Homma T, Yoshida K, Ogi K, Kimura Y, Kato A, Stevens WW, Smith SS, Welch KC, Norton JE, Suh LA, Carter RG, Hulse KE, Seshadri S, Min JY, Pothoven KL, Conley DB, Tan BK, Harris KE, Kern RC, Haruna S, Matsuwaki Y, Ochiai R, Fujieda S, Schleimer RP. Retinoic acid promotes fibrinolysis and may regulate polyp formation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1114-1124.e3. [PMID: 35728655 PMCID: PMC11152199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) regularly exhibit severe nasal polyposis. Studies suggest that chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by excessive fibrin deposition associated with a profound decrease in epithelial tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Retinoids, including vitamin A and its active metabolite retinoic acid (RA), are necessary for maintaining epithelial function and well-known inducers of tPA in endothelial cells. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine whether endogenous retinoids are involved in NP pathophysiology and disease severity in patients with CRSwNP and AERD. METHODS NP tissue was collected from patients with AERD or CRSwNP, and concentrations of retinoids and fibrinolysis markers were measured using ELISA. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated alone or in combination with RA and IL-13 for 24 hours. RESULTS This study observed lower retinoid levels in nasal polyps of patients with AERD than those with CRSwNP or healthy controls (P < .01). Levels of the fibrin-breakdown product d-dimer were the lowest in AERD polyps (P < .01), which is consistent with lower tPA expression (P < .01). In vitro, all-trans RA upregulated tPA levels in normal human bronchial epithelial cells by 15-fold and reversed the IL-13-induced attenuation of tPA expression in cultured cells (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS RA, a potent inducer of epithelial tPA in vitro, is reduced in tissue from patients with AERD, a finding that may potentially contribute to decreased levels of tPA and fibrinolysis in AERD. RA can induce tPA in epithelial cells and can reverse IL-13-induced tPA suppression in vitro, suggesting the potential utility of RA in treating patients with CRSwNP and/or AERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Sakashita
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Tetsuji Takabayashi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Imoto
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Homma
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogi
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kimura
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Whitney W Stevens
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Stephanie S Smith
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kevin C Welch
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - James E Norton
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lydia A Suh
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Roderick G Carter
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kathryn E Hulse
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Sudarshan Seshadri
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kathryn L Pothoven
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - David B Conley
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Kathleen E Harris
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert C Kern
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Shinichi Haruna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Ryosuke Ochiai
- Shimadzu Techno-Research, Inc. Pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences Division, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Sensory and Locomotor Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
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Chen F, Shao F, Hinds A, Yao S, Ram-Mohan S, Norman TA, Krishnan R, Fine A. Retinoic acid signaling is essential for airway smooth muscle homeostasis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120398. [PMID: 30135301 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is a dynamic and complex tissue involved in regulation of bronchomotor tone, but the molecular events essential for the maintenance of ASM homeostasis are not well understood. Observational and genome-wide association studies in humans have linked airway function to the nutritional status of vitamin A and its bioactive metabolite retinoic acid (RA). Here, we provide evidence that ongoing RA signaling is critical for the regulation of adult ASM phenotype. By using dietary, pharmacologic, and genetic models in mice and humans, we show that (a) RA signaling is active in adult ASM in the normal lung, (b) RA-deficient ASM cells are hypertrophic, hypercontractile, profibrotic, but not hyperproliferative, (c) TGF-β signaling, known to cause ASM hypertrophy and airway fibrosis in human obstructive lung diseases, is hyperactivated in RA-deficient ASM, (d) pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of the TGF-β activity in ASM prevents the development of the aberrant phenotype induced by RA deficiency, and (e) the consequences of transient RA deficiency in ASM are long-lasting. These results indicate that RA signaling actively maintains adult ASM homeostasis, and disruption of RA signaling leads to aberrant ASM phenotypes similar to those seen in human chronic airway diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Chen
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fengzhi Shao
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne Hinds
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean Yao
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sumati Ram-Mohan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy A Norman
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan Fine
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, West Roxbury Veterans Hospital, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA
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Pulmonary C Fibers Modulate MMP-12 Production via PAR2 and Are Involved in the Long-Term Airway Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness Induced by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. J Virol 2015; 90:2536-43. [PMID: 26676790 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02534-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Children with acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection often develop sequelae of persistent airway inflammation and wheezing. Pulmonary C fibers (PCFs) are involved in the generation of airway inflammation and resistance; however, their role in persistent airway diseases after RSV is unexplored. Here, we elucidated the pathogenesis of PCF activation in RSV-induced persistent airway disorders. PCF-degenerated and intact mice were used in the current study. Airway inflammation and airway resistance were evaluated. MMP408 and FSLLRY-NH2 were the selective antagonists for MMP-12 and PAR2, respectively, to investigate the roles of MMP-12 and PAR2 in PCFs mediating airway diseases. As a result, PCF degeneration significantly reduced the following responses to RSV infection: augmenting of inflammatory cells, especially macrophages, and infiltrating of inflammatory cells in lung tissues; specific airway resistance (sRaw) response to methacholine; and upregulation of MMP-12 and PAR2 expression. Moreover, the inhibition of MMP-12 reduced the total number of cells and macrophages in bronchiolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well infiltrating inflammatory cells, and decreased the sRaw response to methacholine. In addition, PAR2 was upregulated especially at the later stage of RSV infection. Downregulation of PAR2 ameliorated airway inflammation and resistance following RSV infection and suppressed the level of MMP-12. In all, the results suggest that PCF involvement in long-term airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness occurred at least partially via modulating MMP-12, and the activation of PAR2 might be related to PCF-modulated MMP-12 production. Our initial findings indicated that the inhibition of PCF activity would be targeted therapeutically for virus infection-induced long-term airway disorders. IMPORTANCE The current study is critical to understanding that PCFs are involved in long-term airway inflammation and airway resistance after RSV infection through mediating MMP-12 production via PAR2, indicating that the inhibition of PCF activity can be targeted therapeutically for virus infection-induced long-term airway disorders.
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Son HL, Park HR, Park YJ, Kim SW. Effect of Retinoic Acid in a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2015; 7:590-8. [PMID: 26333706 PMCID: PMC4605932 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.6.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) modulates immune responses by affecting T cells. Several studies have revealed that allergic inflammation of the lower airways is negatively associated with the vitamin A concentration. However, the role of ATRA in allergic inflammation of the upper airways is unclear. We investigated the effects of ATRA in an allergic rhinitis mouse model. METHODS BALB/c mice except control groups (CON group) were sensitized with and challenged intra-nasally with Dermatophagoides farina (AR group). The ATRA groups were administered ATRA intraperitoneally. The steroid groups were administered steroid intranasally (ST group). Allergic symptoms and the average eosinophil number were counted. Cytokines and transcription factors were measured by Real-Time PCR and Western blotting. Der f-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured. Flow cytometry results of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T cells were analyzed. RESULTS The symptom scores were lower in the ATRA group than in the AR group and higher than in the CON group. The levels of IgE were lower in the ATRA group than in the AR group and higher than in the CON and ST groups. The levels of Foxp3, TGF-β, and IL-10 mRNA, as well as the percentage of CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T cells, were higher in the ATRA group than in theAR group. In the ATRA group the levels of IFN-γ mRNA were higher, and the levels of GATA-3 and IL-4 mRNA, and ROR-γt were lower. In Western blotting analyses, the expression patterns of all factors, except Foxp3, showed similar to those of mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS ATRA has anti-allergic effects in an allergic rhinitis model, and its underlying mechanisms mainly include the induction of regulatory T cells and the inhibition of Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Lim Son
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyang Rim Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Soo Whan Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Zhuang LL, Huang BX, Feng J, Zhu LH, Jin R, Qiu LZ, Zhou GP. All-trans retinoic acid modulates ORMDL3 expression via transcriptional regulation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77304. [PMID: 24204796 PMCID: PMC3812219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an active metabolite of Vitamin A, it shows protective effects on asthma, including maintains airway epithelial integrity, inhibits asthma effector cells differentiation, modulates immune response, et al. However, the promoting effect of ATRA on Th2 response has restricted the clinical application of ATRA in asthma treatment. ORMDL3 is a candidate gene of childhood onset asthma, and high-transcript of ORMDL3 is associated with the development of asthma. Here we show that ATRA increases ORMDL3 production in vitro via inducing PKA-dependent CREB phosphorylation which in turn binds to the CRE element in promoter region of ORMDL3 and initiates ORMDL3 transcription. This finding is in consistent with the previous reports that ATRA could regulate target genes without the presence of retinoic acid response element (RARE) in promoter region but through other signals such as PKA/CREB. Nevertheless, in the present study, the traditional signal pathway of ATRA, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signal transduction pathway, indirectly modulated ORMDL3 expression. RAR-α agonist (Am-80) increased ORMDL3 production even though there was no RARE in ORMDL3 promoter, introns or 3′-downstream region. Besides, the signal of RAR might differ from that of ATRA since Am-80 failed to induce CREB activation. In conclusion, our data indicate that ATRA facilitates ORMDL3 production probable through PKA/CREB, and this may be a starting point for more detailed mechanism researches on ATRA and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo-Xian Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang-Hua Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zhong W, Xia Z. All-trans retinoic acid attenuates airway inflammation by inhibiting Th2 and Th17 response in experimental allergic asthma. BMC Immunol 2013; 14:28. [PMID: 23800145 PMCID: PMC3695807 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-14-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Airway inflammation is mainly mediated by T helper 2 cells (Th2) that characteristically produce interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse association between the dietary intake of vitamin A and the occurrence of asthma. Serum vitamin A concentrations are significantly lower in asthmatic subjects than in healthy control subjects. It has been reported that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a potent derivative of vitamin A, regulates immune responses. However, its role in Th2-mediated airway inflammation remains unclear. We investigated the effects of ATRA in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. Results We found that ATRA treatment attenuated airway inflammation and decreased mRNA levels of Th2- and Th17-related transcription factors. The data showed that airway inflammation coincided with levels of Th2- and Th17-related cytokines. We also showed that ATRA inhibited Th17 and promoted inducible regulatory T-cell differentiation, whereas it did not induce an obvious effect on Th2 differentiation in vitro. Our data suggest that ATRA may interfere with the in vivo Th2 responses via T-cell extrinsic mechanisms. Conclusions Administration of ATRA dramatically attenuated airway inflammation by inhibiting Th2 and Th17 differentiation and/or functions. ATRA may have potential therapeutic effects for airway inflammation in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin 2nd Road 197, Shanghai 200025, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A deficiency may increase the responsiveness of the respiratory tract and increase the risk of respiratory tract infection, resulting in airway obstruction and wheezing. This study aimed to investigate the relation between vitamin A deficiency and infant wheezing. METHODS Three ml venous blood samples were collected from 331 hospitalized children who suffered from wheezing to determine the serum vitamin A concentration and the relationship between vitamin A and some causative factors of wheezing. RESULTS The severity of vitamin A deficiency was related to the course of wheezing. In the persistent wheezing group, 14 patients (34.1%) were diagnosed as having severe vitamin A deficiency and 16 patients (39%) having moderate vitamin A deficiency; among the acute wheezing group, 18 patients (16.4%) were diagnosed as having severe vitamin A deficiency and 32 patients (29%) having moderate vitamin A deficiency. Comparison of the two groups revealed that there was a significantly higher rate of moderate and severe vitamin A deficiency in the persistent wheezing group than in the acute wheezing group (P<0.01). The severity of vitamin A deficiency was related to the infants' wheezing severity. Severe vitamin A deficiency was found in 24 patients (47%) in the severe wheezing group and 8 (8%) in the mild and moderate wheezing groups. The rate of severe vitamin A deficiency was significantly higher in patients with severe wheezing than in those with mild and moderate wheezing (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Serum vitamin A deficiency could be commonly found in infants with wheezing. The severity of vitamin A deficiency might be related to the course of wheezing and the infants' wheezing severity.
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Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. Current world literature. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2009; 15:79-87. [PMID: 19077710 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0b013e32831fb1f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Effects of all-trans retinoic acid on Th1- and Th2-related chemokines production in monocytes. Inflammation 2009; 31:428-33. [PMID: 18989765 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-008-9095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Low vitamin C and reduced alpha-carotene intake are associated with increased asthma risk in children. In addition, mean serum vitamin A concentrations are significantly lower in asthmatic children than in controls. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a derivative of vitamin A. Macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) is a T helper cell-type 2 (Th2)-related chemokine involved in the recruitment of Th2 cells toward inflammatory sites. On the other hand, Th1-related chemokine, interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10)/CXCL10 is also important in allergic inflammation. Both Th1- and Th2-related chemokines play an important role in allergic asthma. To survey whether ATRA and ascorbic acid effect Th1- and Th2-related chemokine expression in monocytes. To test this, THP-1 cells were pre-treated with ATRA or ascorbic acid and stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or poly I:C. Supernatants were measured for Th2-related (MDC) and Th1-related (IP-10) chemokine concentrations by ELISA. The effects of ATRA on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NFkb were evaluated with Western blotting. After stimulation, ATRA significantly down-regulated MDC and IP-10 in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, ascorbic acid reduced the LPS-induced changes in MDC but only with a high dose. However, asorbic acid had no effect on IP-10 changes either induced by LPS or poly I:C. RT-PCR showed ATRA inhibited IP-10 expression through decreasing the level of transcription. Furthermore, ATRA suppressed the expression of LPS-stimulated c-Raf, MKK1/2 and ERK expression of THP-1 cells. In conclusion, ATRA suppressed Th2- and Th1-related chemokines expression in THP-1 cells, at least in part via the c-Raf-MKK1/2-ERK/MAPK pathway.
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Schuster GU, Kenyon NJ, Stephensen CB. Vitamin A deficiency decreases and high dietary vitamin A increases disease severity in the mouse model of asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:1834-42. [PMID: 18209081 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Th1/Th2 paradigm has become an important issue in the pathogenesis of asthma, characterized by normal Th1 and elevated Th2 cytokine expression. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can produce a Th1 bias, whereas high-level dietary vitamin A can promote a Th2 bias. We used the OVA exposure mouse model to determine the contributions of vitamin A-deficient, control (4IU/g), and high-level vitamin A (250-IU/g) diets to the development of allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. VAD reduced serum IgE and IgG1 responses, pulmonary eosinophilia, and the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens, whereas the 250-IU/g diet increased serum IgE. Also, VAD blocked pulmonary hyperresponsiveness following methacholine challenge while the 250-IU/g diet exacerbated pulmonary hyperresponsiveness. In conclusion, VAD diminished and high-level dietary vitamin A enhanced the development of experimental asthma in this model system. These data suggest that excessive intake of vitamin A may increase the risk or severity of asthma in industrialized countries whereas vitamin A deficiency continues to increase mortality from infectious diseases in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud U Schuster
- Nutrition Department, U.S. Department of Agriculture Western Human Nutrition Research Center, University of California-Davis, 430 West Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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