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Holmes J, Heaney LG, McGarvey LPA. Objective and Subjective Measurement of Cough in Asthma: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Lung 2022; 200:169-178. [PMID: 35416544 PMCID: PMC9038879 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-022-00527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The extent to which objective and subjective tools has been used to measure the characteristics and burden of cough in patients with asthma has not been reported. Objective To review the large and extensive body of literature in asthma with the specific hypothesis that the characteristics of cough and clinical impact in this disease has only occasionally been studied. Methods For this systematic review, we searched EMBASE and MEDLINE databases using a combination of MeSH terms for “cough” and “asthma” for studies published up to and including end of August 2021. Studies included for analysis were confined to those undertaken in adult patients (≥ 18 years) with asthma of any severity where any tool or method to specifically measure cough was employed. Results Of 12,090 citations identified after our initial search, 112 full-text articles met criteria for inclusion in our analysis. We found that a broad range of objective and subjective measures have been used albeit with a lack of consistency between studies. Clinically important levels of cough associated with impaired health status were identified in patients with asthma. Conclusion Although cough is a common symptom in asthma, the clinical features and accompanying healthcare burden have been studied infrequently. In studies where cough was measured, the methods employed varied considerably. A more consistent use of cough-specific measurement tools is required to better determine the nature and burden of cough in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Holmes
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - Liam G Heaney
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - Lorcan P A McGarvey
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Belfast, UK. .,Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.
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2
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Reference Ranges of 8-Isoprostane Concentrations in Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113822. [PMID: 32481492 PMCID: PMC7311981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprostanes are physiopathologic mediators of oxidative stress, resulting in lipid peroxidation. 8-isoprostane seems particularly useful for measuring oxidative stress damage. However, no reference range values are available for 8-isoprosante in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of healthy adults, enabling its meaningful interpretation as a biomarker. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis according to the protocol following PROSPERO (CRD42020146623). After searching and analyzing the literature, we included 86 studies. After their qualitative synthesis and risk of bias assessment, 52 studies were included in meta-analysis. The latter focused on studies using immunological analytical methods and investigated how the concentrations of 8-isoprostane differ based on gender. We found that gender had no significant effect in 8-isoprostane concentration. Among other studied factors, such as individual characteristics and factors related to EBC collection, only the device used for EBC collection significantly affected measured 8-isoprostane concentrations. However, adjustment for the factors related to EBC collection, yielded uncertainty whether this effect is due to the device itself or to the other factors. Given this uncertainty, we estimated the reference range values of 8-isoprostane stratified by gender and EBC collection device. A better standardization of EBC collection seems necessary; as well more studies using chemical analytical methods to extend this investigation.
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Koskela HO, Nurmi HM, Purokivi MK. Cough-provocation tests with hypertonic aerosols. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00338-2019. [PMID: 32337214 PMCID: PMC7167210 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00338-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cough research suggest a more widespread use of cough-provocation tests to demonstrate the hypersensitivity of the cough reflex arc. Cough-provocation tests with capsaicin or acidic aerosols have been used for decades in scientific studies. Several factors have hindered their use in everyday clinical work: i.e. lack of standardisation, the need for special equipment and the limited clinical importance of the response. Cough-provocation tests with hypertonic aerosols (CPTHAs) involve provocations with hypertonic saline, hypertonic histamine, mannitol and hyperpnoea. They probably act via different mechanisms than capsaicin and acidic aerosols. They are safe and well tolerated and the response is repeatable. CPTHAs can assess not only the sensitivity of the cough reflex arc but also the tendency of the airway smooth muscles to constrict (airway hyper-responsiveness). They can differentiate between subjects with asthma or chronic cough and healthy subjects. The responsiveness to CPTHAs correlates with the cough-related quality of life among asthmatic subjects. Furthermore, the responsiveness to them decreases during treatment of chronic cough. A severe response to CPTHAs may indicate poor long-term prognosis in chronic cough. The mannitol test has been stringently standardised, is easy to administer with simple equipment, and has regulatory approval for the assessment of airway hyper-responsiveness. Manual counting of coughs during a mannitol challenge would allow the measurement of the function of the cough reflex arc as a part of clinical routine. Cough-provocation tests with hypertonic aerosols offer the possibility to measure the function of the cough reflex arc even in everyday clinical workhttp://bit.ly/2RTOfMI
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki O Koskela
- Unit for Medicine and Clinical Research, Pulmonary Division, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna M Nurmi
- Unit for Medicine and Clinical Research, Pulmonary Division, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna K Purokivi
- Unit for Medicine and Clinical Research, Pulmonary Division, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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4
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Mäkitie AA, Almangush A, Youssef O, Metsälä M, Silén S, Nixon IJ, Haigentz M, Rodrigo JP, Saba NF, Vander Poorten V, Ferlito A. Exhaled breath analysis in the diagnosis of head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2019; 42:787-793. [PMID: 31854494 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) comprises a heterogeneous group of upper aerodigestive tract malignant neoplasms, the most frequent of which is squamous cell carcinoma. HNC forms the eighth most common cancer type and the incidence is increasing. However, survival has improved only moderately during the past decades. Currently, early diagnosis remains the mainstay for improving treatment outcomes in this patient population. Unfortunately, screening methods to allow early detection of HNC are not yet established. Therefore, many cases are still diagnosed at advanced stage, compromising outcomes. Exhaled breath analysis (EBA) is a diagnostic tool that has been recently introduced for many cancers. Breath analysis is non-invasive, cost-effective, time-saving, and can potentially be applied for cancer screening. Here, we provide a summary of the accumulated evidence on the feasibility of EBA in the diagnosis of HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti A Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alhadi Almangush
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Misurata, Misurata, Libya
| | - Omar Youssef
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Metsälä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Silén
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iain J Nixon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Missak Haigentz
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Morristown Medical Center/Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-University of Oviedo, ISPA, IUOPA, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vincent Vander Poorten
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Oncology, Section of Head and Neck Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
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5
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van 't Erve TJ, Kadiiska MB, London SJ, Mason RP. Classifying oxidative stress by F 2-isoprostane levels across human diseases: A meta-analysis. Redox Biol 2017; 12:582-599. [PMID: 28391180 PMCID: PMC5384299 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The notion that oxidative stress plays a role in virtually every human disease and environmental exposure has become ingrained in everyday knowledge. However, mounting evidence regarding the lack of specificity of biomarkers traditionally used as indicators of oxidative stress in human disease and exposures now necessitates re-evaluation. To prioritize these re-evaluations, published literature was comprehensively analyzed in a meta-analysis to quantitatively classify the levels of systemic oxidative damage across human disease and in response to environmental exposures. In this meta-analysis, the F2-isoprostane, 8-iso-PGF2α, was specifically chosen as the representative marker of oxidative damage. To combine published values across measurement methods and specimens, the standardized mean differences (Hedges’ g) in 8-iso-PGF2α levels between affected and control populations were calculated. The meta-analysis resulted in a classification of oxidative damage levels as measured by 8-iso-PGF2α across 50 human health outcomes and exposures from 242 distinct publications. Relatively small increases in 8-iso-PGF2α levels (g<0.8) were found in the following conditions: hypertension (g=0.4), metabolic syndrome (g=0.5), asthma (g=0.4), and tobacco smoking (g=0.7). In contrast, large increases in 8-iso-PGF2α levels were observed in pathologies of the kidney, e.g., chronic renal insufficiency (g=1.9), obstructive sleep apnoea (g=1.1), and pre-eclampsia (g=1.1), as well as respiratory tract disorders, e.g., cystic fibrosis (g=2.3). In conclusion, we have established a quantitative classification for the level of 8-iso-PGF2α generation in different human pathologies and exposures based on a comprehensive meta-analysis of published data. This analysis provides knowledge on the true involvement of oxidative damage across human health outcomes as well as utilizes past research to prioritize those conditions requiring further scrutiny on the mechanisms of biomarker generation. Oxidative damage is highly variable in human conditions as measured by F2-isoprostanes. Respiratory tract and urogenital diseases have the highest F2-isoprostanes. Cancer and cardiovascular diseases have surprisingly low F2-isoprostanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J van 't Erve
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA.
| | - Maria B Kadiiska
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
| | - Stephanie J London
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
| | - Ronald P Mason
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
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6
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Pathophysiology of bronchoconstriction: role of oxidatively damaged DNA repair. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 16:59-67. [PMID: 26694039 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview on the present understanding of roles of oxidative DNA damage repair in cell signaling underlying bronchoconstriction common to, but not restricted to various forms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. RECENT FINDINGS Bronchoconstriction is a tightening of smooth muscle surrounding the bronchi and bronchioles with consequent wheezing and shortness of breath. Key stimuli include air pollutants, viral infections, allergens, thermal and osmotic changes, and shear stress of mucosal epithelium, triggering a wide range of cellular, vascular, and neural events. Although activation of nerve fibers, the role of G-proteins, protein kinases and Ca++, and molecular interaction within contracting filaments of muscle are well defined, the overarching mechanisms by which a wide range of stimuli initiate these events are not fully understood. Many, if not all, stimuli increase levels of reactive oxygen species, which are signaling and oxidatively modifying macromolecules, including DNA. The primary reactive oxygen species target in DNA is guanine, and 8-oxoguanine is one of the most abundant base lesions. It is repaired by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase1 during base excision repair processes. The product, free 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine base, is bound by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase1 with high affinity, and the complex then functions as an activator of small guanosine triphosphatases, triggering pathways for inducing gene expression and contraction of intracellular filaments in mast and smooth muscle cells. SUMMARY Oxidative DNA damage repair-mediated cell activation signaling result in gene expression that 'primes' the mucosal epithelium and submucosal tissues to generate mediators of airway smooth muscle contractions.
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Youssef O, Sarhadi VK, Armengol G, Piirilä P, Knuuttila A, Knuutila S. Exhaled breath condensate as a source of biomarkers for lung carcinomas. A focus on genetic and epigenetic markers-A mini-review. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 55:905-914. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Youssef
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Virinder Kaur Sarhadi
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unit of Biological Anthropology, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Päivi Piirilä
- Unit of Clinical Physiology, HUS-Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University; Helsinki Finland
| | - Aija Knuuttila
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center; Helsinki Finland
| | - Sakari Knuutila
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress plays an important role in inflammatory diseases of the airways, such as bronchial asthma. This study highlights the effects of the imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant parameters and their roles in the severity of asthma, in order to target the deficiency of antioxidants when treating asthmatic patients. METHODS The study included 45 male and 45 female subjects, aged 18-48 years, with and without asthma. They were classified into 3 groups: G1 was healthy volunteers (CT, n = 15), G2 included patients with stable (chronic) conditions of asthma from the outpatients department (OP, n = 15), and G3 included patients admitted emergency room (ER, n = 15) with acute asthma attacks. For all subjects, the levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and uric acid were colorimetrically estimated. The correlations between the studied parameters were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The levels of TAC and GSH in asthmatic patients, either male or female, were significantly decreased in the ER more than in the OP group as compared to the control (p < 0.001). MDA increased significantly in the ER group and over the OP group when compared with healthy subjects. Significant positive correlations (p < 0.001) were observed between MDA and other studied parameters TAC (r = -0.74), GSH (r = -0.69), and uric acid (r = -0.35). CONCLUSIONS The levels of total antioxidants were inversely related to the severity of asthma as observed in asthmatic patients visiting outpatient clinics and patients with acute asthmatic attacks admitted to emergency rooms. Meanwhile, those patients with acute attacks showed increased oxidative stress as reflected in the raised MDA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Hasan Fatani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm AI-Qura University , Abdia, Makkah , K.S.A
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Koskela HO, Purokivi MK. Airway oxidative stress in chronic cough. COUGH 2013; 9:26. [PMID: 24294924 PMCID: PMC4176500 DOI: 10.1186/1745-9974-9-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of chronic cough are unclear. Many reactive oxygen species affect airway sensory C-fibres which are capable to induce cough. Several chronic lung diseases are characterised by cough and oxidative stress. In asthma, an association between the cough severity and airway oxidative stress has been demonstrated. The present study was conducted to investigate whether airway oxidative stress is associated with chronic cough in subjects without chronic lung diseases. METHODS Exhaled breath condensate samples were obtained in 43 non-smoking patients with chronic cough and 15 healthy subjects. Exclusion criteria included a doctor's diagnosis of any lung disorders and any abnormality in lung x-ray. The concentration of 8-isoprostane was measured. In addition, the patients filled in Leicester Cough Questionnaire and underwent hypertonic saline cough provocation test, spirometry, ambulatory peak flow monitoring, nitric oxide measurement, and histamine airway challenge. In a subgroup of patients the measurements were repeated during 12 weeks' treatment with inhaled budesonide, 800 ug/day. RESULTS The 8-isoprostane concentrations were higher in the cough patients than in the healthy subjects (24.6 ± 1.2 pg/ml vs. 10.1 ± 1.7 pg/ml, p = 0.045). The 8-isoprostane concentration was associated with the Leicester Cough Questionnaire total score (p = 0.044) but not with the cough sensitivity to saline or other tests. Budesonide treatment did not affect the 8-isoprostane concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Chronic cough seems to be associated with airway oxidative stress in subjects with chronic cough but without chronic lung diseases. This finding may help to develop novel antitussive drugs. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov database (KUH5801112), identifier NCT00859274.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki O Koskela
- Unit for Medicine and Clinical Research, Pulmonary Division, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Koskela HO, Purokivi MK. Capability of hypertonic saline cough provocation test to predict the response to inhaled corticosteroids in chronic cough: a prospective, open-label study. COUGH 2013; 9:15. [PMID: 23688169 PMCID: PMC3669106 DOI: 10.1186/1745-9974-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with chronic cough respond to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids but it is difficult to predict which patients are likely to respond. The primary aim of the present study was to define the capability of hypertonic saline cough provocation test to predict the responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids in chronic cough. The secondary aim was to assess the ability of the saline test to monitor the healing of cough during corticosteroid treatment. METHODS Forty-three patients with chronic cough were recruited. Before therapy, spirometry, ambulatory peak flow monitoring, nitric oxide measurement, histamine airway challenge, and saline test were performed. Those responding to the first saline test repeated it and the nitric oxide measurement during the subsequent visits. The patients used inhaled budesonide, 400 ug twice daily, for twelve weeks. The treatment response was assessed by Leicester Cough Questionnaire at baseline, and at one, four, and twelve weeks. RESULTS Seventy-seven % of the patients demonstrated the minimal important difference in the Leicester Cough Questionnaire indicating a symptomatic response. Neither the response magnitude nor the speed was predicted by the saline test. Histamine challenge showed the strongest predictive ability: The maximal improvement in Leicester Cough Questionnaire total score was 5.08 (3.76 - 6.40) points in the histamine positive and 2.78 (1.55 - 4.01) points in the histamine negative subjects (p = 0.006). Baseline nitric oxide level also associated with the improvement in Leicester Cough Questionnaire total score (p = 0.02). During the treatment, the cough sensitivity to saline gradually decreased among the budesonide responders but not in the non-responders. Nitric oxide levels decreased very rapidly among the responders. CONCLUSIONS Saline test cannot predict the responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids in chronic cough but it may be utilized to monitor the effect of this treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov database (KUH5801112). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00859274.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki O Koskela
- Unit for Medicine and Clinical Research, Pulmonary Division, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 1777, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Minna K Purokivi
- Unit for Medicine and Clinical Research, Pulmonary Division, Kuopio University Hospital, PL 1777, Kuopio 70211, Finland
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Li X, Zhang Z, Tao L, Gao M. Sensitive and selective chemiluminescence assay for hydrogen peroxide in exhaled breath condensate using nanoparticle-based catalysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 107:311-316. [PMID: 23434559 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic properties of cubiform Co3O4 nanoparticles, α-Fe2O3 nanorods, and NiO nanoparticles were studied using both microarray method and FI-CL method. These nanoarticles exhibit high specific catalytic effects on the chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of the luminol-H2O2 system in alkaline solution compared with other common catalysts. A reaction mechanism is described. It provides new insights into the application of nanoparticle materials. The CL method based on the use of the Co3O4 nanoparticles is ultrasensitive and particularly selective. Therefore, it was applied to the analysis of H2O2 which can be determined in the concentration range from 1.0 nM to 1000 nM, with a detection limit of 0.3 nM. The relative standard deviation is 2.1% at 0.1 μM of H2O2 (for n=11). The method was successfully applied to the determination of trace quantities of H2O2 in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) where it is a mediator of oxidative stress and a promising biomarker for diagnosing. The assay requires a small sample and no incubation time, and has an analytical runtime of <1 min. It is timesaving and suitable for larger studies. The levels of H2O2 in EBC are found to be elevated in healthy subjects (average=0.54 nM), rheum subjects (average=0.24 nM), and feverish subjects (average=0.16 nM). Our data suggested that the average H2O2 concentration of EBC from feverish subjects was significantly higher than healthy subjects and rheumatic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, China
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Guo CH, Chen PC, Hsia S, Hsu GSW, Liu PJ. The relationship of plasma aluminum to oxidant-antioxidant and inflammation status in asthma patients. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 35:30-38. [PMID: 23228705 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a non-essential mineral which human beings are exposed to on day-to-day life. The purpose of this study was to assess the concentrations of plasma Al and the relationship of those levels with risk factors for asthma. In total, 27 allergic asthmatics and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Plasma Al and selected blood parameters were measured, and a pulmonary function test was performed. Higher Al concentrations were found in the asthmatics than the healthy controls. Increased immunoglobulin E, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipid peroxidation products, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin [IL]-4) were observed, but IL-10 and overall antioxidant and enzyme activities were lower. Associations between oxidative-antioxidant status and inflammatory markers with plasma Al levels in asthmatics were noted. Al status was also linked to cytokine concentrations and pulmonary function. In conclusion, abnormal Al distribution may further precipitate oxidative stress and inflammation, alter Th1/Th2 lymphocyte balance, and therefore contribute to the development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Guo
- Micro-Nutrition Lab, Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, ROC
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