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van Zeller M, McNicholas WT. Sleep disordered breathing: OSA-COPD overlap. Expert Rev Respir Med 2024; 18:369-379. [PMID: 38932721 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2373790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep has important effects on breathing and gas exchange that may have negative consequences in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are highly prevalent and may coexist, which is referred to as the overlap syndrome. AREAS COVERED The probability of OSA-COPD overlap represents the balance of protective and promoting factors such as hyperinflation and fluid retention; thus, different clinical COPD phenotypes influence the likelihood of comorbid OSA. The clinical presentation of OSA-COPD overlap is nonspecific, and the diagnosis requires clinical awareness to identify patients needing overnight studies. Both COPD and OSA are associated with a range of overlapping physiological and biological disturbances including hypoxia and inflammation that contribute to cardiovascular comorbidities. The management of OSA-COPD overlap patients differs from those with COPD alone and the survival of overlap patients treated with positive airway pressure (PAP) is superior to those untreated. EXPERT OPINION The recognition of OSA-COPD overlap has important clinical relevance because of its impact on outcomes and management. Management of the overlap should address both sleep quality and disordered gas exchange. PAP therapy has demonstrated reductions in COPD exacerbations, hospitalizations, healthcare costs and mortality in overlap patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda van Zeller
- Respiratory Department and Sleep and Ventilation Unit, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Walter T McNicholas
- School of Medicine and The Conway Research Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Group, Dublin, Ireland
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Polman R, Hurst JR, Uysal OF, Mandal S, Linz D, Simons S. Cardiovascular disease and risk in COPD: a state of the art review. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2024; 22:177-191. [PMID: 38529639 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2024.2333786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) commonly co-exist. Outcomes of people living with both conditions are poor in terms of symptom burden, receiving evidence-based treatment and mortality. Increased understanding of the underlying mechanisms may help to identify treatments to relieve this disease burden. This narrative review covers the overlap of COPD and CVD with a focus on clinical presentation, mechanisms, and interventions. Literature up to December 2023 are cited. AREAS COVERED 1. What is COPD 2. The co-existence of COPD and cardiovascular disease 3. Mechanisms of cardiovascular disease in COPD. 4. Populations with COPD are at risk of CVD 5. Complexity in the co-diagnosis of COPD in those with cardiovascular disease. 6. Therapy for COPD and implications for cardiovascular events and risk. 7. Cardiovascular risk and exacerbations of COPD. 8. Pro-active identification and management of CV risk in COPD. EXPERT OPINION The prospective identification of co-morbid COPD in CVD patients and of CVD and CV risk in people with COPD is crucial for optimizing clinical outcomes. This includes the identification of novel treatment targets and the design of clinical trials specifically designed to reduce the cardiovascular burden and mortality associated with COPD. Databases searched: Pubmed, 2006-2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Polman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - John R Hurst
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Swapna Mandal
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dominik Linz
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sami Simons
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Research Institute of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Schiza S, Schwarz EI, Bonsignore MR, McNicholas WT, Pataka A, Bouloukaki I. Co-existence of OSA and respiratory diseases and the influence of gender. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:1221-1235. [PMID: 38198636 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2304065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), especially obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is commonly associated with respiratory diseases, such as COPD, asthma and interstitial lung disease. AREAS COVERED This narrative review aims to comprehensively synthesize the existing information on SDB in respiratory diseases, investigate the role of gender in this association, and highlight the importance of OSA management in improving sleep, quality of life, and disease prognosis in these specific patient populations. EXPERT OPINION Research indicates a synergistic link between OSA and chronic respiratory diseases, which leads to greater morbidity and mortality compared to each disorder alone. Given the lack of an optimal OSA screening tool for these patients, a comprehensive patient approach and overnight diagnostic sleep study are imperative. Despite the limited evidence available, it seems that gender has an impact on the prevalence, severity, and susceptibility of this coexistence. Recognizing the role of gender in the coexistence of OSA and other respiratory diseases can enhance everyday medical practice and enable clinicians to adopt a more personalized approach toward optimal screening and diagnosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Schiza
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Crete School of Medicine, Crete, Greece
| | - Esther I Schwarz
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, University of Zurich Faculty of Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria R Bonsignore
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, PROMISE Department, University of Palermo Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Palermo, Italy
| | - Walter T McNicholas
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital Group, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Athanasia Pataka
- Respiratory Failure Unit, G Papanikolaou Hospital, Medical School, Aristoteleio Panepistemio Thessalonikes Schole Epistemon Ygeias, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Izolde Bouloukaki
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Crete School of Medicine, Crete, Greece
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Bouloukaki I, Fanaridis M, Testelmans D, Pataka A, Schiza S. Overlaps between obstructive sleep apnoea and other respiratory diseases, including COPD, asthma and interstitial lung disease. Breathe (Sheff) 2022; 18:220073. [PMID: 36865659 PMCID: PMC9973497 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0073-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, there was limited research relating to the role of sleep in respiratory diseases. Physicians treating these patients tended to focus mainly on the daily disabling symptoms, overlooking the possible significant role of coexisting sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Nowadays, OSA has been recognised as an important, highly prevalent comorbidity for respiratory diseases such as COPD, asthma and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Overlap syndrome refers to the coexistence of chronic respiratory disease and OSA in the same patient. Although, in the past, overlap syndromes have been poorly studied, recent data underline that they result in increased morbidity and mortality compared with either underlying disorder alone. OSA and respiratory disease may be of different severity, and this, along with the existence of various clinical phenotypes, points to the necessity of an individualised therapeutic plan. Early recognition and OSA management could offer key benefits, such as improved sleep, quality of life and disease outcomes. Educational aims Describe pathophysiological aspects of OSA in chronic respiratory diseases such as COPD, asthma and ILDs.Understand the bidirectional clinical importance when OSA coexists in chronic respiratory diseases.Review current knowledge of treatment strategies towards an individualised therapeutic plan resulting in patient-centric outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izolde Bouloukaki
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Michail Fanaridis
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Athanasia Pataka
- Respiratory Failure Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sophia Schiza
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece,Corresponding author: Sophia Schiza ()
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Sleep and Hypoventilation. Respir Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93739-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lurie A, Roche N. Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Facts and Perspectives. COPD 2021; 18:700-712. [PMID: 34595967 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2021.1950663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the same patient, named the overlap syndrome (OS), was first described in 1985. Although the American Thoracic Society underlined the limited knowledge of OS, stated research priorities for this condition, and recommended a "screening" strategy to identify OSA in COPD patients with chronic stable hypercapnia, research studies on OS remain scarce. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge and perspectives related to OSA in COPD patients. OS prevalence is 1.0-3.6% in the general population, 3-66% in COPD patients, and 7-55% in OSA patients. OS patients may have worse sleep quality than those with OSA or COPD alone. Scoring hypopneas may be difficult in COPD patients; desaturation episodes may have origins in these patients, namely upper airway obstruction, hypoventilation during paradoxical sleep, ventilation/perfusion mismatches, and obesity. The apnea-hypopnea index is similar in OSA and OS patients. Desaturations may be greater and more prolonged in OS patients than in patients with COPD or OSA alone. Low body mass index, hyperinflation, and less collapsible airways reduce the risk of OSA in COPD patients. OSA is a risk factor for pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients. Whether OS increases mortality and morbidity risks compared to COPD or OSA alone remains to be confirmed. No guidelines currently recommend specific approaches to the treatment of OSA in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Lurie
- Clinique Ambroise Paré, Laboratoire du sommeil, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.,Hôpital Cochin (AP-HP Centre), Pneumologie, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Roche
- Hôpital Cochin (AP-HP Centre), Pneumologie, Université de Paris (Descartes), UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
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Adler D, Bailly S, Soccal PM, Janssens JP, Sapène M, Grillet Y, Stach B, Tamisier R, Pépin JL. Symptomatic response to CPAP in obstructive sleep apnea versus COPD- obstructive sleep apnea overlap syndrome: Insights from a large national registry. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256230. [PMID: 34383866 PMCID: PMC8360593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The symptomatic response to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in COPD-obstructive sleep apnea overlap syndrome (OVS) compared to OSA syndrome (OSA) alone has not been well studied so far. The aim of this study is to explore main differences in the clinical response to CPAP treatment in OVS compared to OSA alone. Study design and methods Using prospective data from the French National Sleep Apnea Registry, we conducted an observational study among 6320 patients with moderate-to-severe OSA, available spirometry, and at least one follow-up visit under CPAP therapy. Results CPAP efficacy measured on the residual apnea-hypopnea index and median adherence were similar between OVS and OSA patients. In both groups, the overall burden of symptoms related to sleep apnea improved with CPAP treatment. In a multivariable model adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, adherence to treatment and residual apnea-hypopnea index, OVS was associated with higher odds for persistent morning headaches (OR: 1.37 [95% CI; 1.04; 1.79]; P = 0.02), morning tiredness (OR: 1.33 [95% CI: 1.12; 1.59]; P<0.01), daytime sleepiness (OR; 1.24 [95% CI: 1.4; 1.46]: P<0.01) and exertional dyspnea (OR: 1.26 [95% CI: 1.00;1.58]; P = 0.04) when compared with OSA alone. Interpretation CPAP therapy was effective in normalizing the apnea-hypopnea index and significantly improved OSA-related symptoms, regardless of COPD status. CPAP should be offered to patients with OVS on a trial basis as a significant improvement in OSA-related symptoms can be expected, although the range of response may be less dramatic than in OSA alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Adler
- Division of Pneumology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Sébastien Bailly
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- EFCR Laboratory, Pole Thorax et Vaisseaux, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Paola Marina Soccal
- Division of Pneumology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Janssens
- Division of Pneumology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Sapène
- Private Practice Sleep and Respiratory Disease Center, Nouvelle Clinique Bel Air, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yves Grillet
- Private Practice Sleep and Respiratory Disease Center, Valence, France
| | - Bruno Stach
- Private Practice Sleep and Respiratory Disease Center, Valenciennes, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- EFCR Laboratory, Pole Thorax et Vaisseaux, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Division of Pneumology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- HP2 Laboratory, INSERM U1042, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- EFCR Laboratory, Pole Thorax et Vaisseaux, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
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Khor YH, Ryerson CJ, Landry SA, Howard ME, Churchward TJ, Edwards BA, Hamilton GS, Joosten SA. Interstitial lung disease and obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 58:101442. [PMID: 33561604 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most common comorbidities in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Growing evidence highlights the significance of sleep disturbance on health outcomes in this population. The relationships between ILD and OSA are complex and possibly bidirectional, with multiple mechanisms postulated for the pathogenic and physiologic links. This review synthesizes current evidence and hypotheses regarding different aspects of the relationships between ILD and OSA, emphasizing the interactions between epidemiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yet H Khor
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J Ryerson
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shane A Landry
- Sleep and Circadian Medicine Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Mark E Howard
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Thomas J Churchward
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bradley A Edwards
- Sleep and Circadian Medicine Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Australia
| | - Garun S Hamilton
- Monash Lung and Sleep, Victoria, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon A Joosten
- Monash Lung and Sleep, Victoria, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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