Prévalence de l’hypertension artérielle en population générale à la Martinique

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment among Farmers in French Guiana in 2018-A Screening Program

CONTEXT

There is a general health decline among farmers and the leading cause of death in this population remains cardiovascular (CV) diseases. The situation is similar in the Guianese general population, with a preoccupying increase in CV diseases. However, there are no data on farmers' health.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study analyzed data from the "Novembre Vert" action conducted in 2018 in French Guiana. Beneficiaries and farmers affiliated to the Mutualité Sociale Agricole who completed the survey were included. The objective was to assess their CV risk.

RESULTS

603 farmers were included. The sex-ratio was 1.6 and the median age was 52. Over 70% of the participants had a Body Mass Index ≥ 25, with a greater risk of obesity in the female population. High blood pressure (HBP) affected 53.1% of farmers and 80.1% were diagnosed during screening. About 13.5% had diabetes. Overall, 27% of participants were at high or very high CV risk. CV risk was 3 times greater in men.

CONCLUSION

HBP (53.1%), obesity (30.3%) and diabetes (13.5%) prevalence are particularly worrying and underline the importance of policies to reduce cardiovascular morbimortality among farmers.

Diabetes mellitus and obesity in the French Caribbean: A special vulnerability for women?

The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes and its risk factors among French Caribbean adults. This cross-sectional study included 18-74-year olds (N = 2252; 56.5 percent women) who underwent a heath examination in Guadeloupe during July-December 2014. Diabetes was defined as using antidiabetic treatment, or fasting glucose ≥7 mmol/l, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5 percent; diabetes control was defined as HbA1c < 7 percent. Multilevel logistic regression was used. Diabetes prevalence was 8.2 percent for women and 5 percent for men (age-adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for women = 2.0; 95 percent confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-2.9). The proportion of women with diabetes who were aware of it was 84.5 versus 67.3 percent in men (aOR = 2.7; 95 percent CI: 1.2-6.2). Nearly, all diagnosed participants were being treated. In less than a third of diabetics in both sexes was diabetes control obtained. Most women (55.3 percent) had a waist circumference at or above the National Cholesterol Education Program thresholds versus 14 percent of men (aOR = 9.3; 95 percent CI: 7.5-11.7), which wholly accounted for excess diabetes in women. In women, obesity and diabetes were associated with low education and income. In this French Caribbean sample, abdominal obesity and diabetes affected more women. Diabetes was rarely controlled. A comprehensive women's health policy for the prevention of abdominal obesity and diabetes is needed.

Prevalence and determinants of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors: data from a population-based, cross-sectional survey in Saint Louis, Senegal

Background

The incidence of cardiovascular disease is growing worldwide and this is of major public health concern. In sub-Saharan Africa, there is a lack of epidemiological data on the prevalence and distribution of risk factors of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors among an urban Senegalese population.

Methods

Using an adaptation of the WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk-factor surveillance, we conducted a population-based, cross-sectional survey from 3 to 30 May 2010 on 1 424 participants aged over 15 years. Socio-demographic and behavioural risk factors were collected in step 1. Physical anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were documented in step 2. Blood tests (cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and creatinine levels) were carried out in step 3.

Results

The prevalence of hypertension was 46% (95% CI: 43.4–48%), with a higher prevalence in females (47.9%) than males (41.7%) (p = 0.015), and 50% of these hypertensive were previously undiagnosed. Mean age was 53.6 years (SD: 15.8). In known cases of hypertension, the average length of its evolution was 6 years 9 months (range 1 month to 60 years). Hypertension was significantly associated with age (p = 0.001), socio-professional category (p = 0.003), dyslipidaemia (p < 0.001), obesity (p < 0.001), physical inactivity (p < 0.001), diabetes (p < 0.001) and stroke (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

We found a high prevalence of hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors in this population. There is need of a specific programme for the management and prevention of cardiovascular disease in this population.

Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among the elderly living in their home in Tunisia

BACKGROUND

Hypertension is a cardiovascular disorder rapidly emerging as a major public health problem in developing countries. However, the acknowledgement of the prevalence and the significant impact of hypertension in elderly are very important for health policy. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the prevalence, awareness and treatment of hypertension among the elderly living in their home in Tunisia at Monastir City. We also examined the impact of socio-demographic characteristics and known risk factors for high blood pressure.

METHODS

A community based sample of 598 non-institutionalized elderly (age ≥ 65 years), was selected using probabilistic multistage cluster sampling.

RESULTS

There was a predominance of female (66%) and mean age was 72.3 ± 7.4 years. The prevalence of hypertension was 52% (n = 311), awareness (81%, n = 252), treatment (78.4%, n = 244) and only 30.7% (n = 75) are correctly treated. The prevalence of hypertension was higher for the female population (55.5%) when compared to males (45%). No urban/rural differences were observed and no difference was observed by educational level. Multiple logistic regression analyses identified a higher body mass index, diabetes mellitus and disability as important correlates of the prevalence of hypertension.

CONCLUSION

These findings provide important information on the prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Monastir City and confirm their association with other cardio-vascular risk factors. Effective public health measures and strategies are needed to improve prevention, diagnosis and access to treatment of this elderly population.