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Buter R, van Schuppen H, Stieglis R, Koffijberg H, Demirtas D. Increasing Cost-Effectiveness of AEDs using Algorithms to Optimise Location. Resuscitation 2024:110300. [PMID: 38960067 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Volunteer responder systems (VRSs) aim to decrease time to defibrillation by dispatching trained volunteers to automated external defibrillators (AEDs) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims. AEDs are often underutilized due to poor placement. This study provides a cost-effectiveness analysis of adding AEDs at strategic locations to maximize quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). METHODS We simulated combined volunteer, police, firefighter, and emergency medical service response scenarios to OHCAs, and applied our methods to a case study of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. We compared the competing strategies of placing additional AEDs, using steps of 40 extra AEDs (0, 40, …, 1480), in addition to the existing 369 AEDs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for each increase in additional AEDs, from a societal perspective. The effect of AED connection and time to connection on survival to hospital admission and neurological outcome at discharge was estimated using logistic regression, using OHCA data from Amsterdam from 2006-2018. Other model inputs were obtained from literature. RESULTS Purchasing up to 1120 additional AEDs (ICER €75,669/QALY) was cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of €80,000/QALY, when positioned strategically. Compared to current practice, adding 1120 AEDs resulted in a gain of 0.111 QALYs (95% CI 0.110-0.112) at an increased cost of €3792 per OHCA (95% CI €3778-€3807). Health benefits per AED diminished as more AEDs were added. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified cost-effective strategies to position AEDs at strategic locations in a VRS. The case study findings advocate for a substantial increase in the number of AEDs in Amsterdam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Buter
- Center for Healthcare Operations Improvement and Research, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands; Industrial Engineering and Business Information Systems, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Hans van Schuppen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Remy Stieglis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Hendrik Koffijberg
- Health Technology & Services Research, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Derya Demirtas
- Center for Healthcare Operations Improvement and Research, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands; Industrial Engineering and Business Information Systems, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands.
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Chen K, Yuan Q, Zeng Q, Liu M, Hu C. Public knowledge and willingness in the use of public access defibrillation of Hubei Province in China: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36928. [PMID: 38241562 PMCID: PMC10798755 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
To understand the current status of public knowledge of automated external defibrillator (AED) and their willingness to use public AED in Hubei Province, along with the influencing factors. A self-designed questionnaire was used for convenience sampling of the public in Hubei Province. The questionnaire consists of three parts: basic information, AED knowledge questions, and willingness to use public AED and influencing factors. Data was collected between May 2022 and March 2023. A total of 1561 valid questionnaires were collected from 1602 distributed. In the study conducted in Hubei Province, it was found that 875 respondents (56.05%) had knowledge of automated external defibrillator, and they achieved an average score of 39.27 ± 29.17. The pass rate for the survey was 28.11%. Several factors were identified as significant influencing factors, including gender, age, education level, occupation related to medicine, residential location in the past three years, family members with cardiovascular disease, marital status, residential population density, whether there are family members over 65 years old, and participation in AED-related training (P < .05).Furthermore, 692 respondents (72.99%) expressed their willingness to cardiopulmonary resuscitation for someone experiencing cardiac arrest. On the other hand, 686 respondents (43.95%) had no knowledge of AED. Among those who were not willing to perform defibrillation, the highest percentages cited "fear of incorrect use" (129, 31.2%) and "fear of harming the patient" (121, 29.3%) as their reasons. The study also found statistically significant differences in the willingness to use public AED based on participation in training, education level, residential location, family members with cardiovascular disease, population density, and the presence of elderly family members aged 65 or over (P < .05). In conclusion, the study highlights the general lack of public knowledge regarding AED in Hubei Province. However, there is a strong willingness among respondents to provide help during cardiac arrest situations. To improve the chances of survival for cardiac arrest patients, it is crucial to strengthen public AED training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Chen
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianwen Zeng
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengwan Liu
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuihuan Hu
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lafrance M, Canon V, Hubert H, Grunau B, Javaudin F, Recher M, Heidet M. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occurring at school in France: A nation-wide retrospective cohort study from the RéAC registry. Resuscitation 2023; 189:109888. [PMID: 37380064 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM We sought to describe the characteristics of at-school out-of-hospital cardiac arrests cases, subsequent basic life support, as well as ultimate patient outcomes. METHODS This was a nation-wide, multicentre, retrospective cohort study from the French national population-based RéAC out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registry (July 2011 - March 2023). We compared the characteristics and outcomes of cases occurring at schools vs. in other public places. RESULTS Of the 149,088 national out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, 25,071 were public: 86 (0.3%) and 24,985 (99.7%) in schools and other public places, respectively. At-school out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, in comparison to other public places, were: significantly younger (median: 42.5 vs. 58 years, p < 0.001); more commonly of a medical cause (90.7% vs. 63.8%, p < 0.001), more commonly bystander-witnessed (93.0% vs. 73.4%, p < 0.001) and recipients of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (78.8% vs. 60.6%, p = 0.001) with shorter median no-flow durations (2 min. vs. 7 min.); with greater bystander automated external defibrillator application (38.9% vs. 18.4%) and defibrillation (23.6%, vs. 7.9%; all p < 0.001). At-school patients had greater rates of return of spontaneous circulation than out-of-school ones (47.7%, vs. 31.8%; p = 0.002), higher rates of survival at arrival at hospital (60.5% vs. 30.7%; p < 0.001) and at 30-days (34.9% vs. 11.6%; p < 0.001), and survival with favourable neurological outcomes at 30 days (25.9% vs. 9.2%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION At-school out-of-hospital cardiac arrests were rare in France, however demonstrated favourable prognostic features and outcomes. The use of automated external defibrillators in at-school cases, while more common than cases occurring elsewhere, should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lafrance
- Univ. Lille Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des Technologies de Santé et des Pratiques Médicales, F-59000 Lille, France; French National Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry Research Group (Registre Électronique des Arrêts Cardiaques), F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Valentine Canon
- Univ. Lille Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des Technologies de Santé et des Pratiques Médicales, F-59000 Lille, France; French National Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry Research Group (Registre Électronique des Arrêts Cardiaques), F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Hervé Hubert
- Univ. Lille Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des Technologies de Santé et des Pratiques Médicales, F-59000 Lille, France; French National Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Registry Research Group (Registre Électronique des Arrêts Cardiaques), F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Brian Grunau
- Univeristy of British Columbia, Department of Emergency Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcomes Sciences (CHEOS), BC RESURECT, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - François Javaudin
- Urgences, Hôpital Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France; Laboratoire MiHAR, EE1701, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Morgan Recher
- Univ. Lille Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des Technologies de Santé et des Pratiques Médicales, F-59000 Lille, France; Soins Intensifs Pédiatriques, Hôpital Universitaire Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Matthieu Heidet
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), SAMU 94 et Urgences, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), EA-3956 (Control in intelligent networks, CIR), Créteil, France
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Location of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests and automated external defibrillators in relation to schools in an English ambulance service region. Resusc Plus 2022; 11:100279. [PMID: 35911779 PMCID: PMC9335389 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2022.100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains low both in England and worldwide. About a third of all OHCAs occur within 300 m of a school. Considering the usage rates of public access defibrillators there is significant potential for increasing their use. Improving access to automated external defibrillators (AED) in schools and their registration with Emergency Medical Services could lead to greater use. A strategy for placing AEDs in schools is likely to be cost-effective.
Introduction This study sought to identify the availability of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in schools in the region served by West Midlands Ambulance Service University NHS Trust (WMAS), United Kingdom, and the number of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) that occurred at or near to schools. A secondary aim was to explore the cost effectiveness of school-based defibrillators. Methods This observational study used data from the national registry for OHCA (University of Warwick) to identify cases occurring at or near schools between January 2014 and December 2016 in WMAS region (n = 11,399). A school survey (n = 2,453) was carried out in September 2017 to determine the presence of AEDs and their registration status with WMAS. Geographical Information System mapping software identified OHCAs occurring within a 300-metre radius of a school. An economic analysis calculated the cost effectiveness of school-based AEDs. Results A total of 39 (0.34%) of all OHCAs occurred in schools, although 4,250 (37.3%) of OHCAs in the region were estimated to have occurred within 300 metres of a school. Of 323 school survey responses, 184 (57%) had an AED present, of which 24 (13.0%) were available 24 h/day. Economic modelling of a school-based AED programme showed additional quality-adjusted life years (QALY) of 0.26 over the lifetime of cardiac arrest survivors compared with no AED programme. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was £8,916 per QALY gained. Conclusion Cardiac arrests in schools are rare. Registering AEDs with local Emergency Medical Services and improving their accessibility within their local community would increase their utility.
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van Diepen S, Hansen CM. Modeling optimal AED placement to improve cardiac arrest survival: The challenge is implementation. Resuscitation 2022; 172:201-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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