Les manifestations oculaires de la maladie de Behçet (étude de 50 patients consultant en dermatologie)

[Ocular manifestations of Behçet's disease]

INTRODUCTION

Behçet's disease is a systemic inflammatory disease. Ocular involvement is an important diagnostic criterion, and this disease may be associated with severe visual loss.

PURPOSE

The goal of this study was to specify the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of ocular involvement in patients with Behçet's disease and to identify risk factors for poor visual outcomes.

METHODS

A retrospective study was performed in 93 patients diagnosed with ocular Behçet's disease over a period of 9 years. Epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic data was obtained from medical records and analyzed retrospectively. Poor visual outcome was defined as visual acuity limited to light perception without projection or no light perception.

RESULTS

The male:female ratio was 1.9. The mean age was 34.5 years. Ocular involvement was the presenting sign in 4%, bilateral in 61% and active in 68.8%. Uveitis was the most common presentation (57%), dominated by panuveitis, followed by retinal vasculitis (51.6%) and papilledema (10.7%). Maculopathy (26.8%) and cataract (18.2%) were the most common complications. Twenty patients (21.5%) had no light perception or light perception without projection. Treatment was based on corticosteroids in combination with immunosuppressive therapy (Azathioprine) in 55.9% of cases. Our study indicates a significant association of male gender and panuveitis with a poor visual outcome.

CONCLUSION

Ocular involvement in Behçet's disease is frequent and serious, which may lead to blindness. Male gender and panuveitis were predictors of poor visual prognosis.

Long-Term Outcomes of Behçet's Syndrome-Related Uveitis: A Monocentric Italian Experience

Objectives

To examine demographic and clinical characteristics and long-term visual outcome in a cohort of Italian patients affected by Behçet's uveitis (BU).

Materials and Methods

Retrospective chart review of 47 patients with BU attending our unit between January 2018 and December 2019. Ophthalmologic manifestations, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fluoroangiography and optical coherence tomography findings, and ocular complications were recorded. Predictive factors of a poor visual outcome and long-term complications were also investigated.

Results

Forty-seven patients (23 males and 24 females) for a total of 84 eyes were enrolled. Uveitis was bilateral in 37 (78.7%) patients with panuveitis being the most frequent anatomical pattern (40 out of 84 eyes), whereas 27 eyes presented a posterior uveitis. Isolated anterior uveitis was detected in 16 eyes. A significant improvement of median BCVA between baseline and last follow-up values was detected (p = 0.042). A higher risk of poor visual prognosis was observed in patients with uveitis duration greater than 15 years (p = 0.019). A significant resolution of retinal vasculitis was detected between baseline and last follow-up evaluation (p < 0.0001) whereas the mean ± SD macular thickness did not decrease significantly between baseline (376.00 ± 97.45 μm) and last follow-up evaluation (338.08 ± 55.81 μm). Forty-two eyes developed 57 complications during the disease course. Cataract was the most frequent (n = 12), followed by epiretinal membranes (n = 11) and cystoid macular edema (n = 6). The following variables were identified as predictors of long-term complications: human leukocyte antigen- (HLA-) B51 (p = 0.006), panuveitis (p = 0.037), and a uveitis duration of more than 15 years (p = 0.049).

Conclusions

In Italian patients, BU typically arises in the third decade and predominantly manifests as a bilateral posterior uveitis or panuveitis. Its duration is associated with a poor visual prognosis. Uveitis duration, the presence of HLA-B51, and panuveitis are predictors of long-term structural complications, thus representing main drivers in the treatment decision-making.

Neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of Behçet's disease

BACKGROUND

The neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of Behcet's disease (BD) are rare, and data regarding their characteristics and outcome are lacking.

OBJECTIVE

To report prevalence, main characteristics and outcome of neuro-ophthalmological manifestations in BD.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This is a retrospective monocentric study of 217 patients diagnosed with neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD), of whom 29 (13.3%) patients presented with neuro-ophthalmological manifestations (55% of men and mean±SD age of 26±8 years). All patients underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination and were followed up in the internal medicine and the ophthalmology departments.

RESULTS

Neuro-ophthalmological manifestations were the first presentation of BD in 45% of patients and developed later in the course of the disease in 55% of patients. They are divided into parenchymal (PM) and non-parenchymal (NPM)-related manifestations in, respectively, 13 patients (45%) and 16 patients (55%). PM included papillitis in seven patients (53.8%), retrobulbar optic neuritis in four patients (30.8%) and third cranial nerve palsy in two patients (15.4%). NPM included papilloedema related to cerebral venous thrombosis in all 16 patients, of whom 6 patients (37.5%) had sixth cranial nerve palsy. At initial examination, 93.1% of patients had visual alterations, including mainly decreased visual acuity visual field defects and/or diplopia. All patients were treated with corticosteroids and 79% of patients received immunosuppressive agents. After treatment, the visual outcome improved or stabilised in 66.7% of patients while it worsened in 33.3. The mean±SD logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity improved from 0.4±0.3 at diagnosis to 0.2±0.3 after therapy. 10.3% and 3.4% of patients were legally blind at diagnosis and after therapy, respectively.

CONCLUSION

Neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of BD represented 13% of NBD. They could be potentially severe and disabling. Prompt treatment is the key factor in improving visual outcome.

Behçet's disease in black skin. A retrospective study of 50 cases in Dakar

INTRODUCTION

Although Behçet's disease is well-documented in Eastern populations, epidemiologic data in Sub-Saharan African population is scarce. The aim of this study was to define the epidemiologic and therapeutic aspects as well as clinical course of Behçet's disease in African black population.

RESULTS

The study included 50 patients with Behçet's disease. The average age was 32 (18-67) years. A total of 31 patients were men and 19 were women. Two patients had a positive family history of Behçet's disease. The oral and genital aphthous lesions were present in 100% of patients. The pathergy test was positive in 16 patients (32%). Following skin conditions were observed: pseudofolliculitis in 15 patients (30%), acneiform papules in 6 patients (12%), erythema nodosum in 4 patients (8%) and leg ulcers in one patient. Ocular involvement was reported in 22 patients (44%) and joint involvement in 20 patients (40%). Neurological abnormalities were noted in 12 patients (24%). Gastrointestinal involvement with wide and deep ulcerations in the ileocecal region was observed in a patient. As treatment, a combination of oral corticosteroids and colchicine was used in 97% of our patients. Thalidomide was introduced in 3 patients and anticoagulation treatment in 19 patients. Clinical improvement was noted in 25 patients (50%), recurrence in 14 patients (28%) and 3 patients were lost to follow (6%).

CONCLUSION

The Behçet's disease is not uncommon in black skin and generally affects young adults. Severe aphthous ulcers of the oral cavity and genital area are the most consistent finding.

[An abdominal aortic aneurysm revealing Behçet's disease]

Behçet's disease is a vasculitis of unknown origin. Vascular lesions predominantly affect veins. Arterial involvement is rare but usually associated with poor prognosis. Aortic syndromes are usually aneurysmal and occasionally reveal Behçet's disease. We report the case of a 46-year-old man whose Behçet's disease was revealed by a sub-renal abdominal aortic aneurysm in pre-rupture state. The diagnosis of this disease was retained based on clinical, biological and radiological criteria. The surgical procedure consisted in the resection of the aneurysmal sac and the interposition of a prosthetic PTFE tube.

[Optic neuropathy in Behçet's disease: a series of 18 patients]

INTRODUCTION

The objective of this study was to analyse the incidence and the main characteristics of optic neuropathy in Behçet's disease.

METHODS

A retrospective review of a well-documented population of 376 Tunisian patients with Behçet's disease was performed. All patients fulfilled three or more criteria defined by the International Study Group for Behçet's Disease. The diagnosis of optic neuropathy was based on the clinical examination, visual field, visual evoked potentials and retinal angiography.

RESULTS

Eighteen patients (4.7 %) presented an optic nerve involvement. The mean age at presentation of these patients (10 men and nine women) was 39.11+/-12.9 years (range 17 to 73). The mean vision at presentation was 4.2/10+/-2.9, the vision was less than 1/10 in 34.5 % of eyes. The optic neuropathy was anterior in 89 % cases (26 eyes, 90 %), posterior in one case (2 eyes, 7 %); one patient (1 eye, 3 %) presented an optic atrophy. The optic neuropathy was associated with other ocular lesions in 13 cases (72.2 %). It was an inflammatory neuropathy in four cases (22.3 %) and a stasis papilledema complicating a benign intracranial hypertension in five cases (27.8 %). Corticosteroids were administrated in 17 cases (94.4 %), cyclophosphamide in six cases (33.3 %) and anticoagulant therapy in one patient (5.6 %). After a mean duration of 79 months (range: three months to 12 years), a third of the patients (8 eyes, 27.5 %) have a visual loss.

CONCLUSION

Optic neuropathy is a rare ocular involvement in Behçet's disease. It can be related to an inflammatory neuropathy, a stasis papilledema complicating a benign intracranial hypertension or an ischemic neuropathy. The association of optic neuropathy with other ocular lesions could be responsible for a diagnostic delay. Its treatment relies on systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. The prognosis remained poor, with a third of the patients having lost their sight.

[Behçet's disease in Tunisia. Clinical study of 519 cases]

PURPOSE

To describe clinical characteristics of Behçet's disease in Tunisia.

METHODS

It's a retrospective and multicentric study conducted by the Tunisian society of internal medicine. Inclusion criteria were those of the international study group. Were also included patients without international study group criteria but with at least one manifestation among arthritis, venous thrombosis or neurological manifestation with oral and genital ulceration or oral ulceration and skin lesions.

RESULTS

Five hundred and nineteen patients were included. 87.5% of them fulfilled the international criteria. The male to female ratio was 2,7. The mean age was 28.7+/-9.3 years at onset and 32.7+/-9.2 years at diagnosis. The incidence of each manifestations was as follows: oral ulcers: 100%, genital ulcers: 87.5%, pseudo-folliculitis: 67.6%, erythema nodosum: 17.5%, positive pathergy test: 51%, joint involvement: 55%, uveitis: 32.2%, vein thrombosis: 24.9%, arterial aneurysms: 3.9%, neurological involvement: 11.6%. The frequency of HLA B51 antigen was 35% among the 187 patients tested. There was no difference in the manifestations of the disease between patients having B51 and those lacking it. Venous thrombosis (29.8 vs 11.4%), arterial involvement (4.4 vs 1.4%) and uveitis (37.5 vs 17,9%) were significantly more frequent in men whereas erythema nodosum (22.9% vs 15.6%) and joint involvement (70,7 vs 49.9%) more frequent in women. The mean follow up was 6,1+/-5.7 years. Mortality rate was 2.3% in our series.

CONCLUSION

Our study confirms the androtropism of the disease in Mediterranean and Middle east countries. Positive pathergy test and venous thrombosis were more frequent in our study, like those from Mediterranean region. Whereas, ocular and neurological involvement were quite less frequent in our series.