Contrast-enhanced swallow study sensitivity for anastomotic leak detection in post-esophagectomy patients

Predictors of Anastomotic Leak After Esophagectomy for Cancer: Not All Leaks Increase Mortality

BACKGROUND

The impact of preoperative chemotherapy/radiation on esophageal anastomotic leaks (ALs) and the correlation between AL severity and mortality risk have not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that lower severity ALs have a similar risk of mortality compared to those without ALs, and preoperative chemotherapy/radiation increases AL risk.

METHODS

The 2016-2017 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program's procedure-targeted esophagectomy database was queried for patients undergoing any esophagectomy for cancer. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed for risk of ALs.

RESULTS

From 2042 patients, 280 (13.7%) had ALs. AL patients requiring intervention had increased mortality risk including those requiring reoperation, interventional procedure, and medical therapy (P < .05). AL patients requiring no intervention had similar mortality risk compared to patients without ALs (P > .05). Preoperative chemotherapy/radiation was not predictive of ALs (P > .05).

CONCLUSION

Preoperative chemotherapy/radiation does not contribute to risk for ALs after esophagectomy. There is a stepwise increased risk of 30-day mortality for ALs requiring increased invasiveness of treatment.