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Nuankaew S, Boonyuen N, Thumanu K, Pornputtapong N. Development of a machine learning model for systematics of Aspergillus section Nigri using synchrotron radiation-based fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26812. [PMID: 38439823 PMCID: PMC10909729 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus section Nigri (black aspergilli) fungi are economically important food spoilage agents. Some species in this section also produce harmful mycotoxins in food. However, it is remarkably difficult to identify this fungal group at the species level using morphological and chemical characteristics. The molecular approach for classification is preferable; however, it is time-consuming, making it inappropriate for rapid testing of large numbers of samples. To address this, we explored synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR-FTIR) as a rapid method for obtaining data suitable for species classification. SR-FTIR data were obtained from the mycelia/conidia of 22 black aspergilli species. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach, a supervised deep learning algorithm, was used with SR-FTIR data to classify black aspergilli at the species level. A subset of the data was used to train the CNN model, and the model classification performance was evaluated using the validation data subsets. The model demonstrated a 95.97% accuracy in species classification on the testing (blind) data subset. The technique presented herein could be an alternative method for identifying problematic black aspergilli in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salilaporn Nuankaew
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nattawut Boonyuen
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Natapol Pornputtapong
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Boguś MI, Wrońska AK, Kaczmarek A, Drozdowski M, Laskowski Z, Myczka A, Cybulska A, Gołębiowski M, Chwir-Gołębiowska A, Siecińska L, Mokijewska E. A comprehensive analysis of chemical and biological pollutants (natural and anthropogenic origin) of soil and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) samples. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280810. [PMID: 36662824 PMCID: PMC9858760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A range of analytical methods (GC-MS, LC-MS, voltammetry, microbiological and microscopic techniques, PCR) was used to assay a range of potential chemical and biological contaminants in soil and dandelion samples. The results provide the first comprehensive safety analysis of dandelion as a herbal product. Samples were collected from three different sites in Poland where the local population collects dandelion plants for their own consumption: Rudenka (a mountain meadow in the European Ecological Network of Natura 2000 protection area, free of agrotechnical treatments for over 30 years), Warszawa 1 (dense single-family housing with heavy traffic), and Warszawa 2 (recreation area with heavy traffic near a coal-fired heat and power plant). The assays of heavy metals and other chemical pollutants (PAHs, PCBs, dioxins, pesticides, mycotoxins) confirm that all collected soil and dandelion samples were chemically pure; however, 95 species of pathogenic bacteria were detected, including "carnivorous" Vibrio vulnificus, zoonotic Pasteurella pneumotropica, Pasteurella canis, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus lentus and Francisella tularensis as well as 14 species of pathogenic fungi and one protozoan parasite (Giardia intestinalis). The discovery of septicemia agents V. vulnificus, Fusobacterium mortiferum and Rahnella aquatilis in the soil surrounding dandelion roots and in the flowers, G. intestinalis in dandelion leaves and roots samples, all collected in Warsaw, is highly disturbing. This finding underlines the need for increased caution when collecting dandelion in densely populated areas with a large population of pets. Thorough washing of the harvested plants is necessary before using them for consumption, especially in the case of making salads from fresh dandelion leaves, which is becoming increasingly popular among people leading healthy and an environmentally friendly lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieczysława Irena Boguś
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
- BIOMIBO, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Katarzyna Wrońska
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agata Kaczmarek
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Drozdowski
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Laskowski
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Myczka
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Cybulska
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marek Gołębiowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Laboratory of Analysis of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Nazari MT, Machado BS, Marchezi G, Crestani L, Ferrari V, Colla LM, Piccin JS. Use of soil actinomycetes for pharmaceutical, food, agricultural, and environmental purposes. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:232. [PMID: 35996673 PMCID: PMC9391553 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we reviewed the international scientific production of the last years on actinomycetes isolated from soil aiming to report recent advances in using these microorganisms for different applications. The most promising genera, isolation conditions and procedures, pH, temperature, and NaCl tolerance of these bacteria were reported. Based on the content analysis of the articles, most studies have focused on the isolation and taxonomic description of new species of actinomycetes. Regarding the applications, the antimicrobial potential (antibacterial and antifungal) prevailed among the articles, followed by the production of enzymes (cellulases and chitinases, etc.), agricultural uses (plant growth promotion and phytopathogen control), bioremediation (organic and inorganic contaminants), among others. Furthermore, a wide range of growth capacity was verified, including temperatures from 4 to 60 °C (optimum: 28 °C), pH from 3 to 13 (optimum: 7), and NaCl tolerance up to 32% (optimum: 0-1%), which evidence a great tolerance for actinomycetes cultivation. Streptomyces was the genus with the highest incidence among the soil actinomycetes and the most exploited for different uses. Besides, the interest in isolating actinomycetes from soils in extreme environments (Antarctica and deserts, for example) is growing to explore the adaptive capacities of new strains and the secondary metabolites produced by these microorganisms for different industrial interests, especially for pharmaceutical, food, agricultural, and environmental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Torres Nazari
- Graduate Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, L1 Building. BR 285, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, RS CEP: 99052-900 - Zip Code 611 Brazil
| | - Bruna Strieder Machado
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, Passo Fundo, RS Brazil
| | - Giovana Marchezi
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, Passo Fundo, RS Brazil
| | - Larissa Crestani
- Graduate Program Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS Brazil
| | - Valdecir Ferrari
- Graduate Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (PPGE3M), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Luciane Maria Colla
- Graduate Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, L1 Building. BR 285, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, RS CEP: 99052-900 - Zip Code 611 Brazil
| | - Jeferson Steffanello Piccin
- Graduate Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, L1 Building. BR 285, Bairro São José, Passo Fundo, RS CEP: 99052-900 - Zip Code 611 Brazil
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Characterization of Mutant Aspergillus niger and the Impact on Certain Plants. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger is a dangerous pathogen for many plants. It is a major cause of the destruction, rotting and decomposition of plant tissues. Toxicity caused by A. niger can be inhibited by mutation decreasing the destructive effect on plants. An 18S rDNA molecular tool was used to identify A. niger strains. Sodium azide (NaN3) is a chemical mutagen that disturbs fungal enzymatic activity and causes microbial production of cellulose-degrading enzymes, decreasing mycotoxin production. Different concentrations of sodium azide were used to treat A. niger (30, 40 and 50 µM). The study was designed on two levels: the first level concerned the mutant A. niger’s mode of action: the higher the mutagen concentration, the lower the growth diameter and spore counts. The mutant A. niger’s total proteins and flavonoids were reduced when compared to control. RAPD-PCR showed genetic variation in the genetic content of mutant fungi compared to control resulting in a polymorphism percentage of 78.56%. The second level included the effect of these mutants on two plants (onion and maize). The greater the increase in mutant concentration, the greater the increase in the plants’ morphological and physiological behavior. In conclusion, mutation reduced fungal activity and strengthened plant resistance.
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Yassein AS, El‐Said AHM, El‐Dawy EGA. Biocontrol of toxigenic
Aspergillus
strains isolated from baby foods by essential oils. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa S. Yassein
- Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of Science South Valley University Qena Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. M. El‐Said
- Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of Science South Valley University Qena Egypt
| | - Eman G. A. El‐Dawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of Science South Valley University Qena Egypt
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Calm Before the Storm: A Glimpse into the Secondary Metabolism of Aspergillus welwitschiae, the Etiologic Agent of the Sisal Bole Rot. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110631. [PMID: 31671681 PMCID: PMC6891411 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus welwitschiae is a species of the Nigri section of the genus Aspergillus. In nature, it is usually a saprotroph, decomposing plant material. However, it causes the bole rot disease of Agave sisalana (sisal), a plant species used for the extraction of hard natural fibers, causing great economic loss to this culture. In this study, we isolated and sequenced one genome of A. welwitschiae (isolate CCMB 674 (Collection of Cultures of Microorganisms of Bahia)) from the stem tissues of sisal and performed in silico and wet lab experimental strategies to describe its ability to produce mycotoxins. CCMB 674 possesses 64 secondary metabolite gene clusters (SMGCs) and, under normal conditions, it produces secondary metabolism compounds that could disturb the cellular cycle of sisal or induce abnormalities in plant growth, such as malformin C. This isolate also produces a pigment that might explain the characteristic red color of the affected tissues. Additionally, this isolate is defective for the production of fumonisin B1, and, despite bearing the full cluster for the synthesis of this compound, it did not produce ochratoxin A. Altogether, these results provide new information on possible strategies used by the fungi during the sisal bole rot, helping to better understand this disease and how to control it.
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Sudharshana TN, Venkatesh HN, Nayana B, Manjunath K, Mohana DC. Anti-microbial and anti-mycotoxigenic activities of endophytic Alternaria alternata isolated from Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.: molecular characterisation and bioactive compound isolation. Mycology 2019; 10:40-48. [PMID: 30834151 PMCID: PMC6394321 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2018.1541933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-microbial and anti-mycotoxigenic activities of the ethyl acetate extract (EA) and a bioactive compound obtained from an endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata isolated from Catharanthus roseus leaves. A. alternata was identified using PCR-based 5.8S rDNA sequencing. The EA and bioactive compound, p-Coumaric acid (PC), showed concentration-dependent broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity against the tested bacteria, yeast, and fungi with MICs ranging from 7.8 to 250 µg/mL. The in vitro production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from Aspergillus flavus and fumonisin B1 (FB1) from Fusarium verticillioides was completely inhibited by EA and PC at 400 µg/mL. The synthesis of the membrane-bound ergosterol from A. flavus and F. verticillioides was strongly inhibited by PC at 200 µg/mL. The EA and PC were found to show significant anti-microbial and anti-mycotoxigenic activities, hence, they could be explored as protective agents for preventing microbial deterioration and mycotoxins accumulation in food and feedstuffs during pre- and post-harvest and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. N. Sudharshana
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India
| | - H. N. Venkatesh
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Borah Nayana
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India
| | - K. Manjunath
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India
| | - D. C. Mohana
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, India
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8
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Tabriz A, Ur Rehman Alvi MA, Khan Niazi MB, Batool M, Bhatti MF, Khan AL, Khan AU, Jamil T, Ahmad NM. Quaternized trimethyl functionalized chitosan based antifungal membranes for drinking water treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 207:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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9
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Chilaka CA, De Boevre M, Atanda OO, De Saeger S. Quantification of Fusarium mycotoxins in Nigerian traditional beers and spices using a multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS method. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Viaro HP, da Silva JJ, de Souza Ferranti L, Bordini JG, Massi FP, Fungaro MHP. The first report of A. novoparasiticus , A. arachidicola and A. pseudocaelatus in Brazilian corn kernels. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 243:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Chilaka CA, De Boevre M, Atanda OO, De Saeger S. Occurrence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Cereal Crops and Processed Products (Ogi) from Nigeria. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:E342. [PMID: 27869703 PMCID: PMC5127138 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8110342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Nigeria, maize, sorghum, and millet are very important cash crops. They are consumed on a daily basis in different processed forms in diverse cultural backgrounds. These crops are prone to fungi infestation, and subsequently may be contaminated with mycotoxins. A total of 363 samples comprising of maize (136), sorghum (110), millet (87), and ogi (30) were collected from randomly selected markets in four agro-ecological zones in Nigeria. Samples were assessed for Fusarium mycotoxins contamination using a multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Subsequently, some selected samples were analysed for the occurrence of hidden fumonisins. Overall, 64% of the samples were contaminated with at least one toxin, at the rate of 77%, 44%, 59%, and 97% for maize, sorghum, millet, and ogi, respectively. Fumonisins were the most dominant, especially in maize and ogi, occurring at the rate of 65% and 93% with mean values of 935 and 1128 μg/kg, respectively. The prevalence of diacetoxyscirpenol was observed in maize (13%), sorghum (18%), and millet (29%), irrespective of the agro-ecological zone. Other mycotoxins detected were deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and their metabolites, nivalenol, fusarenon-X, HT-2 toxin, and hidden fumonisins. About 43% of the samples were contaminated with more than one toxin. This study suggests that consumption of cereals and cereal-based products, ogi particularly by infants may be a source of exposure to Fusarium mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Adaku Chilaka
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Applied Food Science and Tourism, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuahia-Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike, PMB 7267 Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Olusegun Oladimeji Atanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, McPherson University, KM 96 Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, 110117 Seriki Sotayo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Massi FP, Sartori D, de Souza Ferranti L, Iamanaka BT, Taniwaki MH, Vieira MLC, Fungaro MHP. Prospecting for the incidence of genes involved in ochratoxin and fumonisin biosynthesis in Brazilian strains of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus welwitschiae. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 221:19-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abhishek R, Thippeswamy S, Manjunath K, Mohana D. Antifungal and antimycotoxigenic potency of Solanum torvum
Swartz. leaf extract: isolation and identification of compound active against mycotoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus
and Fusarium verticillioides. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:1624-36. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.U. Abhishek
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Bangalore University; Bengaluru India
| | - S. Thippeswamy
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Bangalore University; Bengaluru India
| | - K. Manjunath
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Bangalore University; Bengaluru India
| | - D.C. Mohana
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Bangalore University; Bengaluru India
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Heussner AH, Bingle LEH. Comparative Ochratoxin Toxicity: A Review of the Available Data. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4253-82. [PMID: 26506387 PMCID: PMC4626733 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by a variety of moulds. Ochratoxin A (OTA), the most prominent member of this toxin family, was first described by van der Merwe et al. in Nature in 1965. Dietary exposure to OTA represents a serious health issue and has been associated with several human and animal diseases including poultry ochratoxicosis, porcine nephropathy, human endemic nephropathies and urinary tract tumours in humans. More than 30 years ago, OTA was shown to be carcinogenic in rodents and since then extensive research has been performed in order to investigate its mode of action, however, this is still under debate. OTA is regarded as the most toxic family member, however, other ochratoxins or their metabolites and, in particular, ochratoxin mixtures or combinations with other mycotoxins may represent serious threats to human and animal health. This review summarises and evaluates current knowledge about the differential and comparative toxicity of the ochratoxin group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Heussner
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well-Being, University of Sunderland, City Campus, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK.
| | - Lewis E H Bingle
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well-Being, University of Sunderland, City Campus, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK.
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15
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Nácher-Mestre J, Serrano R, Beltrán E, Pérez-Sánchez J, Silva J, Karalazos V, Hernández F, Berntssen MHG. Occurrence and potential transfer of mycotoxins in gilthead sea bream and Atlantic salmon by use of novel alternative feed ingredients. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 128:314-320. [PMID: 25754010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant ingredients and processed animal proteins (PAP) are suitable alternative feedstuffs for fish feeds in aquaculture practice, although their use can introduce contaminants that are not previously associated with marine salmon and gilthead sea bream farming. Mycotoxins are well known natural contaminants in plant feed material, although they also could be present on PAPs after fungi growth during storage. The present study surveyed commercially available plant ingredients (19) and PAP (19) for a wide range of mycotoxins (18) according to the EU regulations. PAP showed only minor levels of ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1 and the mycotoxin carry-over from feeds to fillets of farmed Atlantic salmon and gilthead sea bream (two main species of European aquaculture) was performed with plant ingredient based diets. Deoxynivalenol was the most prevalent mycotoxin in wheat, wheat gluten and corn gluten cereals with levels ranging from 17 to 814 and μg kg(-1), followed by fumonisins in corn products (range 11.1-4901 μg kg(-1) for fumonisin B1+B2+B3). Overall mycotoxin levels in fish feeds reflected the feed ingredient composition and the level of contaminant in each feed ingredient. In all cases the studied ingredients and feeds showed levels of mycotoxins below maximum residue limits established by the Commission Recommendation 2006/576/EC. Following these guidelines no mycotoxin carry-over was found from feeds to edible fillets of salmonids and a typically marine fish, such as gilthead sea bream. As far we know, this is the first report of mycotoxin surveillance in farmed fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Nácher-Mestre
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Roque Serrano
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Beltrán
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Institute of Aquaculture of Torre la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | | | | | - Félix Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Marc H G Berntssen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, PO Box 2029, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
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16
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Ezekiel CN, Abia WA, Ogara IM, Sulyok M, Warth B, Krska R. Fate of mycotoxins in two popular traditional cereal-based beverages (kunu-zaki and pito) from rural Nigeria. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Nielsen KF, Frisvad JC, Logrieco A. "Analyses of black Aspergillus species of peanut and maize for ochratoxins and fumonisins," a comment on: J. Food Prot. 77(5):805-813 (2014). J Food Prot 2015; 78:6-8. [PMID: 25581171 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.78.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Fog Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Systems Biology, Kgs. Lyngy, DK-2800, Denmark
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Nemţanu MR, Braşoveanu M, Karaca G, Erper İ. Inactivation effect of electron beam irradiation on fungal load of naturally contaminated maize seeds. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2668-2673. [PMID: 24604474 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This work focuses on the effect of accelerated electrons (0.1-6.2 kGy) on naturally attached fungi on maize seeds. The fungal viability and corresponding inactivation kinetics were determined. The inactivation and radiosensitivity of the most abundant species in the contaminant fungi detected on maize seeds (Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp.) are discussed. RESULTS Fungal contamination of maize seeds decreased significantly with increasing irradiation dose. The survival curve of total fungi determined by the blotter test showed a sigmoidal pattern that can be attributed to the mixture of fungal subpopulations with different radiation sensitivities. This behaviour could be modelled well (R² = 0.995) with a modified Gompertz equation. The predicted values for shoulder length and inactivation rate were 0.63 ± 0.10 kGy and 0.44 ± 0.04 kGy⁻¹ respectively. The sensitivity of the most common fungi to electron beam treatment followed the order Penicillium spp. > Fusarium spp. > Aspergillus spp., with total inactivation at irradiation doses of 1.7, 2.5 and 4.8 kGy respectively. CONCLUSION The effect of electron beam treatment against fungi on naturally contaminated maize seeds depended on irradiation dose, allowing the control of maize fungal load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Nemţanu
- Electron Accelerators Laboratory, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, PO Box MG-36, RO-077125, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
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Kostarelou P, Kanapitsas A, Pyrri I, Kapsanaki-Gotsi E, Markaki P. Aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus parasiticus and strains of Aspergillus section Nigri in currants of Greek origin. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Munitz MS, Resnik SL, Pacin A, Salas PM, Gonzalez HHL, Montti MIT, Drunday V, Guillin EA. Mycotoxigenic potential of fungi isolated from freshly harvested Argentinean blueberries. Mycotoxin Res 2014; 30:221-9. [PMID: 25098914 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-014-0206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alternaria alternata, A. tenuissima, Fusarium graminearum, F. semitectum, F. verticillioides, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus section Nigri strains obtained from blueberries during the 2009 and 2010 harvest season from Entre Ríos, Argentina were analyzed to determine their mycotoxigenic potential. Taxonomy status at the specific level was determined both on morphological and molecular grounds. Alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), aflatoxins (AFs), zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisins (FBs), and ochratoxin A (OTA) were analyzed by HPLC and the trichotecenes deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), T-2 toxin (T-2), fusarenone X (FUS-X), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-AcDON) by GC. Twenty-five out of forty two strains were able to produce some of the mycotoxins analyzed. Fifteen strains of Aspergillus section Nigri were capable of producing Fumonisin B1 (FB1); two of them also produced Fumonisin B2 (FB2) and one Fumonisin B3 (FB3). One of the F. graminearum isolated produced ZEA, HT-2, and T-2 and the other one was capable of producing ZEA and DON. Two A. alternata isolates produced AOH and AME. Four A. tenuissima were capable of producing AOH and three of them produced AME as well. One Aspergillu flavus strain produced aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), and aflatoxin G1 (AFG1). To our knowledge, this is the first report showing mycotoxigenic capacity of fungal species isolated from blueberries that include other fungi than Alternaria spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Munitz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina,
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Klarić MŠ, Rašić D, Peraica M. Deleterious effects of mycotoxin combinations involving ochratoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:1965-87. [PMID: 24189375 PMCID: PMC3847710 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5111965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin with carcinogenic properties. Its presence was detected in various foodstuffs all over the world but with significantly higher frequency and concentrations in areas with endemic nephropathy (EN). Even though food is often contaminated with more than one mycotoxin, earlier studies focused on the occurrence and toxicology of only OTA. Only a limited number of surveys showed that OTA co-occurs in food with mycotoxins (citrinin-CIT, penicilic acid, fumonisin B1-FB1, aflatoxins-AF) which exert nephrotoxic, carcinogenic or carcinogen-promoting activity. This review summarises the findings on OTA and its co-occurrence with the mentioned mycotoxins in food as well as experimental data on their combined toxicity. Most of the tested mycotoxin mixtures involving OTA produced additive or synergistic effects in experimental models suggesting that these combinations represent a significant health hazard. Special attention should be given to mixtures that include carcinogenic and cancer-promoting mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šegvić Klarić
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Schrottova 39, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Rašić
- Unit of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails: (D.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Maja Peraica
- Unit of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; E-Mails: (D.R.); (M.P.)
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