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Viña C, Salmo R, Pena MV, Palomero AM, Hernández JÁ, Cazapal-Monteiro C, Arias MS, Sánchez-Andrade R, Paz-Silva A. A New Comestible Formulation of Parasiticide Fungi to Reduce the Risk of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections in a Canine Shelter. Pathogens 2022; 11:1391. [PMID: 36422641 PMCID: PMC9698839 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs cared for in a shelter are dewormed every three-four months, but they all become infected one-two months later by the soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis, and Ancylostoma caninum. For the purpose of reducing their risk of infection by decreasing the survival of helminths' infective stages in soil, chlamydospores of two parasiticide fungi, Mucor circinelloides (ovicide) and Duddingtonia flagrans (larvicide) were formulated as handmade edible gelatins and given three days per week for 17 months to 18 dogs (DRF, dogs receiving fungi); a second group was maintained without fungi (CD, control dogs). All individuals were dewormed at months 0, 3, 7, 10 and 13, and it was observed that the levels of helminths egg-output were reduced by 96-98% fourteen days after each treatment. Fecal egg counts of STHs were similar in both groups until the 6th-8th months, and then remained significantly lower in DRF than in CD (42-100% ascarids; 30-100% trichurids and ancylostomatids). According to the results, and considering that gelatin treats have always been fully accepted, it is concluded that this new formulation offers an efficient solution to decrease the risk of infection among dogs maintained in shelters, and is therefore recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristiana Cazapal-Monteiro
- Control of Parasites Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - María Sol Arias
- Control of Parasites Group (COPAR, GI-2120), Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Al-Ani LKT, Soares FEDF, Sharma A, de los Santos-Villalobos S, Valdivia-Padilla AV, Aguilar-Marcelino L. Strategy of Nematophagous Fungi in Determining the Activity of Plant Parasitic Nematodes and Their Prospective Role in Sustainable Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:863198. [PMID: 37746161 PMCID: PMC10512347 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.863198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we supply a framework for the importance of nematophagous fungi (nematophagous fungi [NF]) and their role in agricultural ecosystems. We characterize the taxonomy, diversity, ecology, and type of NF, depending on their interaction with plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). We described potential mechanisms of NF in the control of PPNs, the efficiency and methods of utilization, and the use of nematicides in sustainable agriculture. We explain the utilization of NF in nanotechnology as a new approach. NF are significant in the soil for having the effective potential for use in sustainable agriculture. These types of fungi belong to wide taxa groups, such as Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and other groups. Diverse NF are available in different kinds of soil, especially in soils that contain high densities of nematodes. There is a relationship between the environment of nematodes and NF. NF can be divided into two types according to the mechanisms that affect nematodes. These types are divided into direct or indirect effects. The direct effects include the following: ectoparasites, endoparasites, cyst, or egg parasites producing toxins, and attack tools as special devices. However, the indirect effect comprises two groups: paralyzing toxins and the effect on the life cycle of nematodes. We explained the molecular mechanisms for determining the suitable conditions in brief and clarified the potential for increasing the efficacy of NF to highly impact sustainable agriculture in two ways: directly and indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- School of Biology Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | | | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Queretaro, Mexico
| | | | | | - Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Jiutepec, Mexico
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Li S, Wang D, Gong J, Zhang Y. Individual and Combined Application of Nematophagous Fungi as Biological Control Agents against Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Domestic Animals. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020172. [PMID: 35215117 PMCID: PMC8879429 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a group of parasites that threaten livestock yields, and the consequent economic losses have led to major concern in the agricultural industry worldwide. The high frequency of anthelmintic resistance amongst GINs has prompted the search for sustainable alternatives. Recently, a substantial number of both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that biological controls based on predatory fungi and ovicidal fungi are the most promising alternatives to chemical controls. In this respect, the morphological characteristics of the most representative species of these two large groups of fungi, their nematicidal activity and mechanisms of action against GINs, have been increasingly studied. Given the limitation of the independent use of a single nematophagous fungus (NF), combined applications which combine multiple fungi, or fungi and chemical controls, have become increasingly popular, although these new strategies still have antagonistic effects on the candidates. In this review, we summarize both the advantages and disadvantages of the individual fungi and the combined applications identified to date to minimize recurring infections or to disrupt the life cycle of GINs. The need to discover novel and high-efficiency nematicidal isolates and the application of our understanding to the appropriate selection of associated applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoshuo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jianchuan Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Chieffi PP, Zevallos Lescano SA, Rodrigues E Fonseca G, Dos Santos SV. Human Toxocariasis: 2010 to 2020 Contributions from Brazilian Researchers. Res Rep Trop Med 2021; 12:81-91. [PMID: 34040480 PMCID: PMC8141392 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s274733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a review of the published contributions made by Brazilian researchers between 2010 and 2020 on the natural history of human toxocariasis and the effects of human toxocariasis on nonhuman paratenic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Paulo Chieffi
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Santa Casa Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Rodrigues E Fonseca
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Baptista CT, Moreira ADS, Maia Filho FDS, Valente JDSS, Pinto NB, Trindade Junior WPD, Braga CQ, Pötter L, Pereira DIB. Purpureocillium lilacinum and Trichoderma virens for biological control of trichostrongylid parasites of sheep: an in vitro evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:e006120. [PMID: 33084781 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the ovicidal activity of enzymatic extracts of Purpureocillium lilacinum and Trichoderma virens against trichostrongylid eggs from sheep. Filtered extract (FE) and macerated crude extract (MCE) were prepared from fungal cultures in minimal broth. In the experiment, 100 trichostrongylid eggs, obtained from the feces of naturally infected sheep, were exposed to fungal extracts for 24 and 48 hours/25°C. In the control group, eggs were incubated in minimal broth. The number of L1 larvae was ascertained. Each treatment consisted of four repetitions and the experiment was repeated five times. It was observed that the effect of FE and MCE of P. lilacinum and T. virens on egg hatchability differed from that of the control group. MCE of T. virens and P. lilacinum showed higher ovicidal activity than FE over both periods and at 48 hours of exposure, respectively. From the percentage reductions in hatchability of the eggs, MCE was shown to be superior to FE for both fungi. This study demonstrated the ovicidal potential of these fungi against trichostrongylid eggs. However, further studies are needed in order to identify the molecules responsible for the ovicidal effects, and to evaluate the behavior of fungal extracts in biotic and abiotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Telles Baptista
- Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Andrios da Silva Moreira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernando de Souza Maia Filho
- Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Júlia de Souza Silveira Valente
- Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Natália Berne Pinto
- Laboratório de Helmintologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Waldenis Pereira da Trindade Junior
- Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Caroline Quintana Braga
- Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Luciana Pötter
- Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.,Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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Maia Filho FDS, Fonseca ADODS, Valente JDSS, Baptista CT, Moreira ADS, Botton SDA, Pötter L, Pereira DIB. Exposure of Toxocara canis eggs to Purpureocillium lilacinum as a biocontrol strategy: an experimental model evaluation. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2019; 28:91-96. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Purpureocillium lilacinum is a nematophagous fungus used in biological control against some parasites, including Toxocara canis. This study researched the infectivity of embryonated T. canis eggs after exposure to the fungus P. lilacinum. T. canis eggs were exposed to P. lilacinum for 15 or 30 days and subsequently administered to Swiss mice (n=20). Control group consisted of mice who received T. canis embryonated eggs without fungal exposure. Forty-eight hours after infection, heart, lung, and liver from animals of each group were collected to assess larval recovery. The organs of mice that received embryonated eggs exposed to the fungus showed a lower average larval recovery (P<0.05) suggesting that exposure of T. canis eggs to P. lilacinum was able to reduce experimental infection. Under the evaluated conditions, the interaction time between the fungus and the parasite eggs was not a significant factor in larvae recovery. P. lilacinum may be considered a promising T. canis biological control agent. However, further studies are needed to determine a protocol for the use of this fungus as a biological control agent.
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Bojanich MV, Basualdo JA, Giusiano G. In vitro effect of Chrysosporium indicum and Chrysosporium keratinophylum on Toxocara canis eggs. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 50:249-254. [PMID: 29221930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree of antagonism exercised by fungi on geohelminth development varies according to the morphological alterations caused by different fungal species. Saprophytic fungi may exert ovicidal or ovistatic effects. The aim of this study was to apply scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the action of two soil saprophytic species of Chrysosporium (C. indicum and C. keratinophylum) on Toxocara canis eggs. The fungal strains to be tested were incubated for 28 days at 28°C in 2% water agar with a suspension of unembryonated T. canis eggs. A suspension of T. canis eggs in 2% water agar was used as control group. The assay was done in triplicate for each fungus and the control group. SEM observations were performed on the 4th, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day after inoculation. The effect of the fungi on eggs was evaluated in accordance with the alterations observed on the surface and the changes in the normal characteristics of the eggs. Hyphae around the eggs, appresoria penetrating the shell and changes in the typical egg membrane were observed in this assay. Type 3 effect (alterations that occur both in the embryo and the shell, and hyphal penetration of the eggs) was the prevalent effect. SEM allowed us to observe clearly the morphological alterations in T. canis eggs due to the effect of C. indicum and C. keratinophylum. Both saprophytic species of Chrysosporium alter the egg structure and alterations increase as exposure increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Bojanich
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Cátedra de Microbiología General, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Juan A Basualdo
- Universidad Nacional de la Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Cátedra de Microbiología y Parasitología, Centro Universitario de Estudios Microbiológicos y Parasitológicos, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Giusiano
- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Área de Micología, Av. Las Heras 727, 3500 Resistencia, Argentina.
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Isolation of Ovicidal Fungi from Fecal Samples of Captive Animals Maintained in a Zoological Park. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:jof3020029. [PMID: 29371547 PMCID: PMC5715915 DOI: 10.3390/jof3020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are certain saprophytic fungi in the soil able to develop an antagonistic effect against eggs of parasites. Some of these fungal species are ingested by animals during grazing, and survive in their feces after passing through the digestive tract. To identify and isolate ovicidal fungi in the feces of wild captive animals, a total of 60 fecal samples were taken from different wild animals kept captive in the Marcelle Natureza Zoological Park (Lugo, Spain). After the serial culture of the feces onto Petri dishes with different media, their parasicitide activity was assayed against eggs of trematodes (Calicophoron daubneyi) and ascarids (Parascaris equorum). Seven fungal genera were identified in the feces. Isolates from Fusarium, Lecanicillium, Mucor, Trichoderma, and Verticillium showed an ovicidal effect classified as type 3, because of their ability to adhere to the eggshell, penetrate, and damage permanently the inner embryo. Penicillium and Gliocladium developed a type 1 effect (hyphae attach to the eggshell but morphological damage was not provoked). These results provide very interesting and useful information about fungi susceptible for being used in biological control procedures against parasites.
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de Souza Maia Filho F, da Silva Fonseca AO, Persici BM, de Souza Silveira J, Braga CQ, Pötter L, de Avila Botton S, Brayer Pereira DI. Trichoderma virens as a biocontrol of Toxocara canis: In vivo evaluation. Rev Iberoam Micol 2017; 34:32-35. [PMID: 28109772 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microorganisms have been widely studied as biological control agents of parasites of medical and veterinary importance. Coprophagous arthropods, bacteria and fungi are among the different organisms evaluated as potential biological control agents. Nematophagous fungi capture and digest the free forms of nematodes in the soil. Due to its zoonotic potential, Toxocara canis have been brought to the attention of researchers. AIMS The aim of the present study was to determine whether the administration of embryonated T. canis eggs exposed to the nematophagous fungus Trichoderma virens reduces parasite infection in experimental animals. METHODS Embryonated T. canis eggs were exposed to T. virens mycelium for 15 days at 25°C. Subsequently, 100 fungus-exposed eggs were orally administered to 20 Swiss mice. As a positive control, another 20 mice received 100 embryonated eggs that were not exposed to the fungus. After 48h, the animals were killed, and heart, lungs and liver were harvested for the recovery of larvae. RESULTS The organs of the animals that received embryonated T. canis eggs exposed to the fungus showed a lower mean larval recovery when compared with the animals that received embryonated eggs without fungus exposure (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The exposure of T. canis eggs to T. virens reduces the experimental infection, demonstrating the potential of this nematophagous fungus as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de Souza Maia Filho
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anelise Oliveira da Silva Fonseca
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Maroneze Persici
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Julia de Souza Silveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Quintana Braga
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pötter
- Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sônia de Avila Botton
- Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Hofstätter BDM, Oliveira da Silva Fonseca A, de Souza Maia Filho F, de Souza Silveira J, Persici BM, Pötter L, Silveira A, Antoniolli ZI, Brayer Pereira DI. Effect of Paecilomyces lilacinus, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens fungal extracts on the hatchability of Ancylostoma eggs. Rev Iberoam Micol 2016; 34:28-31. [PMID: 27810261 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ancylostoma species have demanded attention due to their zoonotic potential. The use of anthelmintics is the usual method to prevent environmental contamination by Ancylostoma eggs and larvae. Nematophagous fungi have been widely used in their biological control due to the fungus ability to capture and digest free nematode forms. AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four different fungal extracts of Paecilomyces lilacinus (n=2), Trichoderma harzianum (n=1) and Trichoderma virens (n=1) isolates on the hatchability of Ancylostoma eggs. METHODS Fungal extracts consisted of fungal broth culture supernatant without filtration (crude extract) and filtered broth (filtered extract), macerated mycelium (crude macerate), and macerated mycelium submitted to filtration (filtered macerate). The Ancylostoma eggs were obtained from the feces of naturally infected dogs. In vitro assays were performed in five replicates and consisted of four treatments and one control group. RESULTS The activity of the fungal extracts of each evaluated fungus differed (p<0.05) from those of the control group, showing significant ovicidal activity. The hatching of the eggs suffered reduction percentages of 68.43% and 47.05% with P. lilacinus, and 56.43% with T. harzianum, when crude macerate extract was used. The reduction with the macerate extract of T. virens was slightly lower (52.25%) than that for the filtered macerate (53.64%). CONCLUSIONS The results showed that all extracts were effective in reducing the hatchability of Ancylostoma eggs. The ovicidal effect observed is likely to have been caused by the action of hydrolytic enzymes secreted by the fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Delgado Menezes Hofstätter
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anelise Oliveira da Silva Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Souza Maia Filho
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Julia de Souza Silveira
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Maroneze Persici
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pötter
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Andressa Silveira
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Zaida Inês Antoniolli
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Instituto de Biología, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Analysis of the effect of soil saprophytic fungi on the eggs of Baylisascaris procyonis. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:2443-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zarrin M, Rahdar M, Gholamian A. Biological Control of the Nematode Infective larvae of Trichostrongylidae Family With Filamentous Fungi. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e17614. [PMID: 25893084 PMCID: PMC4397948 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.17614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Biological control of parasitic nematodes by microorganisms is a promising approach to control such parasites. Microorganisms such as fungi, viruses and bacteria are recognized as biocontrol agents of nematodes. Objectives: The current study mainly aimed to evaluate the in vitro Potential of various saprophyte soil-fungi in reducing the infective larvae stage of parasitic nematode Trichostrongylidae family. Materials and Methods: Sheep feces were employed to provide the required third stage larvae source for the experiments. The nematode infective larvae of Trichostrongylidae family including three species of Ostertagia circumcincta, Marshalgia marshali and Heamonchos contortus were collected by Berman apparatus. Fifteen isolates of filamentous fungi were tested in the current study. One milliliter suspension containing 200 third stage larvae of Trichostrongylidae family was separately added to the fungal cultures in 2% water-agar medium Petri-dishes. Every day the live larvae were counted with light microscope (10X) and the number of captured larvae was recorded on different days. Results: Significant differences were observed in the results of co-culture of nematodes larva and fungi after seven days. The most effective fungi against the nematodes larvae were Cladosporium sp., Trichoderma sp., Fusarium equisetti, after seven days of incubation. Conclusions: The studies on fungi could be applied as suitable tools in biocontrol of nematode infections. However, additional surveys are required to select efficient with the ability to reduce the nematode larvae in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Zarrin
- Health research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rahdar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Researches Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mahmoud Rahdar, Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-6133388401, Fax: +98-6133332036, E-mail:
| | - Abbas Gholamian
- Laboratory Department, Khuzestan Veterinary Office, Ahvaz, IR Iran
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Bojanich MV, Sarmiento MM, Giusiano G, Mangiaterra M, Basualdo JÁ. [Toxocara canis eggs as bait for soil fungus in a subtropical city]. Rev Iberoam Micol 2015; 32:273-6. [PMID: 25728877 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of different isolation techniques allows the recovery of fungi based on their ability to use selective substrates. The sprinkle method is a technique for the recovery of nematophagous fungi in the soil. These fungi are natural predators of nematodes and are widely distributed in nature. AIMS To detect possible fungi with nematophagous ability in the soil of city parks in Corrientes (Argentina). METHODS The soil samples were taken from an area of ground between two trees and to no more than 2cm deep. The isolation was performed according to the sprinkle method with Toxocara canis eggs as bait. RESULTS Eighteen soil samples were collected, and 6 genera and 8 species of fungi were isolated. The sprinkle method, simple and efficient, has the advantage of using a small amount of untreated soil for the isolation of fungi that can grow on the eggs of geohelminths. The genera Bipolaris, Fusarium, Purpureocillium, Curvularia, Phoma and Scytalidium were isolated in this study. CONCLUSIONS No other studies describing the interaction between the genera Curvularia, Phoma and Scytalidium with nematode eggs have been found in the literature, thus more studies are required to determine what is their real action on these eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Viviana Bojanich
- Cátedra de Microbiología General, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - María Mercedes Sarmiento
- Área de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia Chaco, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Giusiano
- Área de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia Chaco, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Mangiaterra
- Área de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia Chaco, Argentina
| | - Juan Ángel Basualdo
- Centro Universitario de Estudios Microbiológicos y Parasitológicos, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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