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Canela HMS, Cardoso B, Frazão MR, Falcão JP, Vitali LH, Martinez R, da Silva Ferreira ME. Genetic diversity assessed using PFGE, MLP and MLST in Candida spp. candidemia isolates obtained from a Brazilian hospital. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:503-516. [PMID: 33611738 PMCID: PMC8105495 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. are the main causative agents of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Candidemia has attributable mortality rates of 15 to 35% and increases hospitalisation time and costs, thus making this disease a public health concern. This study aimed to use pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to analyse the genetic relationships among 65 Candida spp. bloodstream isolates, including 35 Candida albicans, 15 Candida glabrata and 15 Candida tropicalis isolates, all of which were obtained from patients in a Brazilian hospital. Moreover, patient clinical data were assessed. All techniques resulted in high discriminatory indexes. C. albicans and C. tropicalis isolates showed high genetic variability, while C. glabrata isolates had relatively low genetic variability. Moreover, a cluster of C. glabrata isolates was identified in a hospital unit. New MLST sequence types, diploid sequence types and alleles are described. Relationships were not observed between the molecular typing results and clinical characteristics. The molecular typing of clinical strains increases our understanding of candidemia epidemiology and promotes the development of strategies that can reduce the incidence of this disease. Moreover, this study is the first to combine these techniques to genotype these three species in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heliara Maria Spina Canela
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bloco S - Térreo - Sala 013A-S, Avenida do Café S/N, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Cardoso
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bloco S - Térreo - Sala 013A-S, Avenida do Café S/N, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miliane Rodrigues Frazão
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bloco S - Térreo - Sala 013A-S, Avenida do Café S/N, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bloco S - Térreo - Sala 013A-S, Avenida do Café S/N, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena Vitali
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Martinez
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Eliana da Silva Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bloco S - Térreo - Sala 013A-S, Avenida do Café S/N, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lima GME, Nunes MDO, Chang MR, Tsujisaki RADS, Nunes JDO, Taira CL, Thomaz DY, Negro GMBD, Mendes RP, Paniago AMM. Identification and antifungal susceptibility of Candida species isolated from the urine of patients in a university hospital in Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e75. [PMID: 29267583 PMCID: PMC5738760 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify Candida spp. isolated from
candiduria episodes at a tertiary hospital in the Midwest region of Brazil, and to
determine their susceptibility profiles to antifungal compounds. From May 2011 to
April 2012, Candida spp. isolated from 106 adult patients with
candiduria admitted to the University Hospital of the Federal University of Mato
Grosso do Sul were evaluated. Both, species identification and susceptibility testing
with fluconazole-FLC, voriconazole-VRC, and amphotericin B-AmB were carried out using
the Vitek 2. To discriminate species of the C. parapsilosis complex,
a RAPD-PCR technique using the RPO2 primer was performed. From the total of 106
isolates, 42 (39.6%) C. albicans and 64 (60.4%)
Candida non-albicans (CNA) - 33 C.
tropicalis, 18 C. glabrata, 5 C.
krusei, 4 C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 2 C.
kefyr, 1 C. lusitaniae, and 1 C.
guilliermondii were identified. All isolates were susceptible to AmB and
VRC, whereas all C. glabrata isolates presented either resistance
(5.6%) or dose-dependent susceptibility (94.4%) to FLC. The study of
Candida spp. and their resistance profiles may help in tailoring
more efficient therapeutic strategies for candiduria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gláucia Moreira Espíndola Lima
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Pedrossian, Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maína de Oliveira Nunes
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Pedrossian, Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marilene Rodrigues Chang
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rosianne Assis de Sousa Tsujisaki
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Joslaine de Oliveira Nunes
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cleison Ledesma Taira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Micologia Médica (LIM-53), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Yamamoto Thomaz
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Micologia Médica (LIM-53), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilda Maria Bárbaro Del Negro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Laboratório de Micologia Médica (LIM-53), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Pôncio Mendes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Medicina, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zuza-Alves DL, Silva-Rocha WP, Chaves GM. An Update on Candida tropicalis Based on Basic and Clinical Approaches. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1927. [PMID: 29081766 PMCID: PMC5645804 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida tropicalis has emerged as one of the most important Candida species. It has been widely considered the second most virulent Candida species, only preceded by C. albicans. Besides, this species has been recognized as a very strong biofilm producer, surpassing C. albicans in most of the studies. In addition, it produces a wide range of other virulence factors, including: adhesion to buccal epithelial and endothelial cells; the secretion of lytic enzymes, such as proteinases, phospholipases, and hemolysins, bud-to-hyphae transition (also called morphogenesis) and the phenomenon called phenotypic switching. This is a species very closely related to C. albicans and has been easily identified with both phenotypic and molecular methods. In addition, no cryptic sibling species were yet described in the literature, what is contradictory to some other medically important Candida species. C. tropicalis is a clinically relevant species and may be the second or third etiological agent of candidemia, specifically in Latin American countries and Asia. Antifungal resistance to the azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins has already been described. Apart from all these characteristics, C. tropicalis has been considered an osmotolerant microorganism and this ability to survive to high salt concentration may be important for fungal persistence in saline environments. This physiological characteristic makes this species suitable for use in biotechnology processes. Here we describe an update of C. tropicalis, focusing on all these previously mentioned subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guilherme M. Chaves
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Mycology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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