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Karabak M, Akıncı MA, Yıldırım Demirdöğen E, Bozkurt A. Prevalence and associated factors of developmental coordination disorder in primary school children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02526-3. [PMID: 39008096 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is one of the most frequently observed movement disorders in childhood, yet data on its prevalence are still unclear. This two-stage epidemiological study aims to determine the prevalence of DCD in children between 6 and 10 years of age according to the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5). In the first stage, the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ'07) were given to primary school students. In the second stage, clinicians conducted psychiatric interviews with children who had an indication of DCD or were suspected of having DCD according to the DCDQ'07 and their parents. The interviews utilized the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for DCD and applied the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version-Turkish Adaptation (K-SADS-PL) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R) to identify co-occurring disorders. In the first stage, 2,306 children were evaluated, and 205 were invited for a clinical interview. Of the 198 children interviewed, 49 met the diagnostic criteria for DCD. The prevalence of DCD in Türkiye was found to be 2.1%. High parental education level, a previous psychiatric admission of the child, mother's postpartum depressive symptoms, co-occurring disorders, and co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were significantly more common among children with DCD. Potentially associated factors were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. The mother's education level, the presence of postpartum depressive symptoms, and co-occurring disorders in the child were found to be associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Karabak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erzurum City Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye.
| | - Mehmet Akif Akıncı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Esen Yıldırım Demirdöğen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Abdullah Bozkurt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Türkiye
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Gustafsson P, Kjell K, Cundari M, Larsson M, Edbladh J, Madison G, Kazakova O, Rasmussen A. The ability to maintain rhythm is predictive of ADHD diagnosis and profile. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:920. [PMID: 38066477 PMCID: PMC10704849 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder in the world. Currently, the diagnosis is based mainly on interviews, resulting in uncertainties in the clinical assessment. While some neuropsychological tests are used, their specificity and selectivity are low, and more reliable biomarkers are desirable. Previous research indicates that ADHD is associated with morphological changes in the cerebellum, which is essential for motor ability and timing. Here, we compared 29 children diagnosed with ADHD to 96 age-matched controls on prism adaptation, eyeblink conditioning, and timed motor performance in a finger tapping task. Prism adaptation and timing precision in the finger tapping task, but not performance on eyeblink conditioning, differed between the ADHD and control groups, as well as between children with and without Deficits in Attention, Motor control, and Perception (DAMP) - a more severe form of ADHD. The results suggest finger tapping can be used as a cheap, objective, and unbiased biomarker to complement current diagnostic procedures.
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Grants
- 20180704, 20200729, 20220796, 20230655 Crafoordska Stiftelsen
- 20180704, 20200729, 20220796, 20230655 Crafoordska Stiftelsen
- 2018, 2019, 2020 Anna-Lisa Rosenberg Stiftelse
- 2018, 2019, 2020 Anna-Lisa Rosenberg Stiftelse
- 2018, 2019, 2020 Anna-Lisa Rosenberg Stiftelse
- 20230153 Sten K Johnsons stiftelse
- 20230153 Sten K Johnsons stiftelse
- 2020-01468 Vetenskapsrådet,Sweden
- 2022-04-25 Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapet i Lund
- 2019-2246 Thorsten och Elsa Segerfalks Stiftelse
- M18-0070 & M19-0375, M20-0008 Åke Wiberg Stiftelse
- 2018-00366 & 2019-00516 Fredrik och Ingrid Thurings Stiftelse
- 2020-03788 Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse
- Lund University
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Affiliation(s)
- Peik Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katarina Kjell
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maurizio Cundari
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Unit of Neuropsychiatry, Hospital of Helsingborg, Helsingborg, Sweden
- Unit of Neurology, Hospital of Helsingborg, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Martin Larsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Guy Madison
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olga Kazakova
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Rasmussen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Hyde C, Fuelscher I, Efron D, Anderson VA, Silk TJ. Adolescents with ADHD and co-occurring motor difficulties show a distinct pattern of maturation within the corticospinal tract from those without: A longitudinal fixel-based study. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5504-5513. [PMID: 37608610 PMCID: PMC10543105 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often presents with co-occurring motor difficulties. However, little is known about the biological mechanisms that explain compromised motor skills in approximately half of those with ADHD. To provide insight into the neurobiological basis of poor motor outcomes in ADHD, this study profiled the development of white matter organization within the cortico-spinal tract (CST) in adolescents with ADHD with and without co-occurring motor problems, as well as non-ADHD control children with and without motor problems. Participants were 60 children aged 9-14 years, 27 with a history of ADHD and 33 controls. All underwent high-angular resolution diffusion MRI data at up to three time points (115 in scans total). We screened for motor impairment in all participants at the third time point (≈14 years) using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q). Following pre-processing of diffusion MRI scans, fixel-based analysis was performed, and the bilateral CST was delineated using TractSeg. Mean fiber density (FD) and fiber cross-section (FC) were extracted for each tract at each time-point. To investigate longitudinal trajectories of fiber development, linear mixed models were performed separately for the left and right CST, controlling for nuisance variables. To examine possible variations in fiber development between groups, we tested whether the inclusion of group and the interaction between age and group improved model fit. At ≈10 years, those with ADHD presented with lower FD within the bilateral CST relative to controls, irrespective of their prospective motor status. While these microstructural abnormalities persisted into adolescence for individuals with ADHD and co-occurring motor problems, they resolved for those with ADHD alone. Divergent maturational pathways of motor networks (i.e., the CST) may, at least partly, explain motor problems individuals with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hyde
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ian Fuelscher
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Daryl Efron
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Vicki A. Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- The Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tim J. Silk
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PaediatricsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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De Francesco S, Morello L, Fioravanti M, Cassaro C, Grazioli S, Busti Ceccarelli S, Nobile M, Molteni M, Crippa A. A multimodal approach can identify specific motor profiles in autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Autism Res 2023; 16:1550-1560. [PMID: 37530700 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
It is still unclear whether and to what extent the motor difficulties are specific to autism. This study aimed to determine whether a multimodal assessment of motor skills could accurately discriminate autistic children from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing (TD) peers. Seventy-five children, aged 7-13, equally divided into three groups, were assessed with the developmental coordination disorder questionnaire (DCDQ), the movement assessment battery for children 2 (MABC2), the sensorimotor subtests of NEPSY-II, and the kinematic analysis of a reach-to-drop task. Principal component analysis (PCA) on DCDQ subscales revealed one factor-Caregiver Report-, whereas MABC2/NEPSY-II scores identified three factors-namely, Object Interception and Balance, Motor Imitation, and Fine-Motor Skills-. Lastly, PCA on kinematic variables identified four factors: PC1, loaded by the parameters of velocity and acceleration throughout the task, PC2 and PC3 involved the temporal parameters of the two submovements, and PC4 accounted for the wrist inclination at ball drop. When comparing autistic and TD children, Caregiver Report and Motor Imitation factors predicted membership with 87.2% of accuracy. In the model comparing ADHD and TD groups, Caregiver Report and Fine-Motor Skills predicted membership with an accuracy of 73.5%. In the last model, the Object Interception and Balance factor differentiated autistic children from ADHD with an accuracy of 73.5%. In line with our previous findings, kinematics did not differentiate school-aged autistic children from ADHD and TD peers. The present findings show that specific motor profiles in autism and ADHD can be isolated with a multimodal investigation of motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano De Francesco
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Morello
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Fioravanti
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cassaro
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Silvia Grazioli
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Nobile
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy
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Meachon EJ, Klupp S, Grob A. Gait in children with and without ADHD: A systematic literature review. Gait Posture 2023; 104:31-42. [PMID: 37307762 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing speculation whether Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has phenotypic or secondary motor symptoms. Some evidence suggests even fundamental motor skills such as walking can differ in ADHD, however, the evidence is limited and has not been reviewed. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to summarize the findings regarding gait in ADHD compared to typically developing children in (1) normal (i.e., self-paced), (2) paced or complex (i.e., walking backwards), and (3) dual-task contexts. METHOD Following a thorough literature search and application of stringent exclusion criteria, a total of 12 studies were included in this review. All studies examined normal walking with a variety of gait parameters in children (age range: 5-18), however, selected parameters and group differences were often inconsistent. RESULTS In self-paced walking, studies reporting gait with coefficients of variance (CVs) indicated several between-group differences, whereas averages of gait variables were the same for those with ADHD and typically developing children. Paced or complex walking contexts often differed between ADHD and typically developing groups, favoring the ADHD group in some cases, but primarily the typically developing participants. Finally, walking contexts with dual-tasks showed more frequent performance losses in the ADHD group. DISCUSSION Children with ADHD seem to have specific patterns of gait variability compared to typically developing children, particularly in complex walking contexts and at faster paces. The influence of age, medication, and method of gait normalization may have influenced the results of studies. Overall, this review highlights the potential for a unique gait profile in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Meachon
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Stephanie Klupp
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Grob
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Kabakov SA, Crary E, Menna V, Razo ER, Eickhoff JC, Dulaney NR, Drew JR, Bach KM, Poole AM, Stumpf M, Mitzey AM, Malicki KB, Schotzko ML, Pickett KA, Schultz-Darken NJ, Emborg ME, O'Connor DH, Golos TG, Mohr EL, Ausderau KK. Quantification of early gait development: Expanding the application of Catwalk technology to an infant rhesus macaque model. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 388:109811. [PMID: 36739916 PMCID: PMC10191118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding gait development is essential for identifying motor impairments in neurodevelopmental disorders. Defining typical gait development in a rhesus macaque model is critical prior to characterizing abnormal gait. The goal of this study was to 1) explore the feasibility of using the Noldus Catwalk to assess gait in infant rhesus macaques and 2) provide preliminary normative data of gait development during the first month of life. NEW METHOD The Noldus Catwalk was used to assess gait speed, dynamic and static paw measurements, and interlimb coordination in twelve infant rhesus macaques at 14, 21, and 28 days of age. All macaque runs were labeled as a diagonal or non-diagonal walking pattern. RESULTS Infant rhesus macaques primarily used a diagonal (mature) walking pattern as early as 14 days of life. Ten infant rhesus macaques (83.3%) were able to successfully walk across the Noldus Catwalk at 28 days of life. Limited differences in gait parameters were observed between timepoints because of the variability within the group at 14, 21, and 28 days. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS No prior gait analysis system has been used to provide objective quantification of gait parameters for infant macaques. CONCLUSIONS The Catwalk system can be utilized to quantify gait in infant rhesus macaques less than 28 days old. Future applications to infant rhesus macaques could provide a better understanding of gait development and early differences within various neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina A Kabakov
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Emma Crary
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Viktorie Menna
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Elaina R Razo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792
| | - Jens C Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Natalie R Dulaney
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John R Drew
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kathryn M Bach
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Aubreonna M Poole
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Madison Stumpf
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ann M Mitzey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kerri B Malicki
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Michele L Schotzko
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Kristen A Pickett
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nancy J Schultz-Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Marina E Emborg
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - David H O'Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Emma L Mohr
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792
| | - Karla K Ausderau
- Department of Kinesiology, Occupational Therapy Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Krasovsky T, Korytny T, Hamady H, Kizony R. Factors associated with texting and walking performance in children with ADHD: The role of age, environment, and symptom severity. Gait Posture 2022; 98:96-100. [PMID: 36095917 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with ADHD show deficits in executive function, as well as motor symptoms such as difficulties in gross and fine motor skills and gait stability. Texting while walking is becoming increasingly common and is a significant health risk among people of all ages. RESEARCH QUESTION The objective of this work was to compare texting and walking performance between children with ADHD and controls and between two environments (indoors and outdoors), and evaluate the role of age and symptom severity in dual-task performance. METHODS Nineteen children with ADHD and 30 healthy children walked across an indoors corridor and an outdoors street, with and without texting on a mobile phone. Walking and texting performance were measured using inertial measurement units and a custom-made mobile app. RESULTS No between-group differences were found in texting or walking performance. Walking and texting were similar across environments. In both groups, older children had smaller dual-task performance deficits for both gait and texting speed. Children with ADHD who had more severe symptoms of hyperactivity had larger dual task costs for gait speed outdoors (r = 0.69, p = 0.002), and those with more motor symptoms typed faster under dual-task conditions indoors (r = 0.6, p = 0.007) but were less accurate (r = - 0.60, p = 0.009). SIGNIFICANCE Children with ADHD do not demonstrate deficits in dual-task performance of a texting and walking task indoors or outdoors. The relationship of age, hyperactivity and motor symptoms with texting and walking performance supports a more personalized approach for examination of dual-task performance in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Krasovsky
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Israel; Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.
| | - Tamara Korytny
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadeel Hamady
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Rachel Kizony
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, Israel; Department of Occupational Therapy, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
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Lino F, Chieffo DPR. Developmental Coordination Disorder and Most Prevalent Comorbidities: A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1095. [PMID: 35884081 PMCID: PMC9317644 DOI: 10.3390/children9071095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review describes, in detail, the relationships between Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and most prevalent associated comorbidities in their complexity, heterogeneity and multifactoriality. The research has been conducted on the main scientific databases, excluding single case papers. Blurred borders between the different nosographic entities have been described and advances in this field have been highlighted. In this multifaceted framework a specific profiling for co-occurring DCD, ADHD and ASD signs and symptoms is proposed, confirming the need for a multidisciplinary approach to define new diagnostic paradigms in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lino
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRRCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRRCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Cao M, Gu T, Jin C, Li X, Jing J. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and Motor Function Among Autistic and Typically Developed Children. Front Nutr 2022; 9:905025. [PMID: 35911101 PMCID: PMC9330586 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.905025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The relationship between brain function and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is widely explored, but the motor function was not included. We aim to explore the relationship between SSBs and motor function among children with or without autism. Methods Participants were a representative autism sample (ASD, n = 106) comprising ages ranging 6–9 years and their age-matched typical counterparts (TD, n = 207), recruited in the research center of Guangzhou, China. Valid questionnaires of parent-reported including weekly SSBs intake, physical activity (PA), sedentary time (ST), and motor coordination function was used to collect relevant information. SSBs intake was further classified as no intake (no habit of taking SSBs), small to medium intake (<375 ml/week), and large intake (375 ml/week or more). Physical activity, sedentary time, and motor coordination function among the mentioned three groups as well as ASD vs. TD was compared via general linear models. Results Compared with TD children, ASD children showed less vigorous PA (4.23 ± 0.34 h vs. 2.77 ± 0.49 h, p = 0.015) as well as overall sedentary time (5.52 ± 1.89 h vs. 3.67 ± 0.28 h, 3.49 ± 0.16 h vs. 2.68 ± 0.24 h, and 34.59 ± 1.15 h vs. 23.69 ± 1.69 h, TD vs. ASD, sedentary time at weekdays, weekends and total ST in a week, respectively, all p < 0.05), lower scores in the developmental coordination disorder questionnaire (fine motor and handwriting: 14.21 ± 0.26 vs. 12.30 ± 0.38, general coordination: 28.90 ± 0.36 vs. 25.17 ± 0.53, control during movement: 24.56 ± 0.36 vs. 18.86 ± 0.53, and total score: 67.67 ± 0.75 vs. 56.33 ± 1.10, TD vs. ASD, all p < 0.05). Stratified by SSBs intake, TD children with small to medium SSBs intake showed the lowest sedentary time both on weekdays and weekends (all p < 0.05), they also performed worst in fine motor and handwriting skills (p < 0.05). Conclusion The association between SSBs and motor function was observed in typical development children, but not autistic children. A larger sample size study with a longitudinal design is warranted to confirm the association between SSBs and sedentary time among typically developed children and the potential causation direction.
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Clinical Efficacy Evaluation of Psychological Nursing Intervention Combined with Drugs Treatment of Children with ADHD under Artificial Intelligence. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:1818693. [PMID: 35392149 PMCID: PMC8983230 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1818693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
ADHD in children is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. It is manifested as inattention, hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and other symptoms that are inconsistent with the developmental level in different occasions, accompanied by functional impairment in social, academic, and occupational aspects. At present, the treatment for children with ADHD is mainly based on psychological nursing intervention combined with drug therapy. Therefore, the actual efficacy evaluation of this treatment regimen is very important. Neural networks are widely used in smart medical care. This work combines artificial intelligence with the evaluation of clinical treatment effects of ADHD children and designs an intelligent model based on neural networks for evaluating the clinical efficacy of psychological nursing intervention combined with drug treatment of children with ADHD. The main research is that, for the evaluation of clinical treatment effect of ADHD in children, this paper proposes a 1D Parallel Multichannel Network (1DPMN), which is a convolutional neural network. The results show that network models can extract different data features through different channels and can achieve high accuracy evaluation of clinical efficacy of ADHD in children. On the basis of the model, performance is improved through the study of Adam optimizer to speed up the model convergence, adopts batch normalization algorithm to improve stability, and uses Dropout to improve the generalization ability of the network. Aiming at the problem of too many parameters, the 1DPMN is optimized through the principle of local sparseness, and the model parameters are greatly reduced.
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Hirota T, Nishimura T, Mikami M, Saito M, Nakamura K. The Role of the Maternal and Child Health Handbook in Developmental Surveillance: The Exploration of Milestone Attainment Trajectories. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:902158. [PMID: 35782444 PMCID: PMC9247330 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.902158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the pivotal role of developmental surveillance in pediatric practice for the early detection of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), there are several barriers, including scarcity of time and staff availability, to its implementation. Additionally, inadequate parental knowledge on what to expect about their child's development contributes to potential delays in the early identification of NDDs. Home-based records (HBRs) are widely used in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries, allowing caregivers to prospectively chart the child's development, including milestone attainment, and thus can be a useful tool for developmental surveillance. Therefore, we analyzed data on milestone attainment from birth to 5 years of age obtained through the home-based records (the Maternal Child Health Handbook: MCHH) in 720 children who attended the Hirosaki Five-year-old children Developmental Health Check-up Study in Hirosaki, Japan to identify trajectory patterns of milestone attainment. Parallel process latent class growth analysis on four milestone domains (motor, social interaction, communication, and self-care) revealed three different trajectories (Class 1: "Consistent milestone attainment" group; 42%, Class 2: "subtle initial delay and catch-up" group; 45%, Class 3: "Consistent failure to attain expected milestones" group; 13%). In Class 3, 90% of children were diagnosed with at least one NDDs at age 5 and approximately 65% of children had autism spectrum disorder and/or intellectual disability, the rate of which was higher than that in the other two classes. Boys and preterm-born children were more likely to be assigned to classes with less favorable trajectories of milestone attainment. Although the use of the MCHH alone does not substitute diagnostic evaluation for NDDs, our study findings suggest the potential utility of the MCHH as a tool to educate parents on what longitudinal patterns of milestone attainment are concerning and require prompt visits to professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Hirota
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Misaki Mikami
- Department of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Manabu Saito
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
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