1
|
Kits A, Al-Saadi J, De Luca F, Janzon F, Mazya MV, Lundberg J, Sprenger T, Skare S, Delgado AF. 2.5-Minute Fast Brain MRI with Multiple Contrasts in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Neuroradiology 2024; 66:737-747. [PMID: 38462584 PMCID: PMC11031482 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-024-03331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the performance of a 2.5-minute multi-contrast brain MRI sequence (NeuroMix) in diagnosing acute cerebral infarctions. METHODS Adult patients with a clinical suspicion of acute ischemic stroke were retrospectively included. Brain MRI at 3 T included NeuroMix and routine clinical MRI (cMRI) sequences, with DWI/ADC, T2-FLAIR, T2-weighted, T2*, SWI-EPI, and T1-weighted contrasts. Three radiologists (R1-3) independently assessed NeuroMix and cMRI for the presence of acute infarcts (DWI ↑, ADC = or ↓) and infarct-associated abnormalities on other image contrasts. Sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated and compared using DeLong's test. Inter- and intra-rater agreements were studied with kappa statistics. Relative DWI (rDWI) and T2-FLAIR (rT2-FLAIR) signal intensity for infarctions were semi-automatically rendered, and the correlation between methods was evaluated. RESULTS According to the reference standard, acute infarction was present in 34 out of 44 (77%) patients (63 ± 17 years, 31 men). Other infarct-associated signal abnormalities were reported in similar frequencies on NeuroMix and cMRI (p > .08). Sensitivity for infarction detection was 94%, 100%, and 94% evaluated by R1, R2, R3, for NeuroMix and 94%, 100%, and 100% for cMRI. Specificity was 100%, 90%, and 100% for NeuroMix and 100%, 100%, and 100% for cMRI. AUC for NeuroMix was .97, .95, and .97 and .97, 1, and 1 for cMRI (DeLong p = 1, .32, .15), respectively. Inter- and intra-rater agreement was κ = .88-1. The correlation between NeuroMix and cMRI was R = .73 for rDWI and R = .83 for rT2-FLAIR. CONCLUSION Fast multi-contrast MRI NeuroMix has high diagnostic performance for detecting acute cerebral infarctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Kits
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonathan Al-Saadi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca De Luca
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Janzon
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael V Mazya
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Sprenger
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- MR Applied Science Laboratory Europe, GE Healthcare, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Skare
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Falk Delgado
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Forsman H, Dahlgren C, Mårtensson J, Björkman L, Sundqvist M. Function and regulation of GPR84 in human neutrophils. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1536-1549. [PMID: 36869866 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophils are components of the innate immune system and are the most abundant white blood cells in the circulation. They are professional phagocytes and express several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are essential for proper neutrophil functions. So far, the two formyl peptide receptors, FPR1 and FPR2, have been the most extensively studied group of neutrophil GPCRs, but recently, a new group, the free fatty acid (FFA) receptors, has attracted growing attention. Neutrophils express two FFA receptors, GPR84 and FFA2, which sense medium- and short-chain fatty acids respectively, and display similar activation profiles. The exact pathophysiological role of GPR84 is not yet fully understood, but it is generally regarded as a pro-inflammatory receptor that mediates neutrophil activation. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of how GPR84 affects human neutrophil functions and discuss the regulatory mechanisms that control these responses, focusing on the similarities and differences in comparison to the two FPRs and FFA2. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue GPR84 Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.10/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Falhammar H, Stenman A, Juhlin CC, Kistner A. Adrenal tumors in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03810-7. [PMID: 38581593 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the prevalence of primary adrenal tumors and adrenal metastases in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and describe these in detail. NENs can be further divided into neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). METHODS A review of medical files was conducted for all patients who underwent a 68Gallium-DOTATOC-PET/CT during 2010-2023 or adrenalectomy during 1999-2023 at the Karolinska University Hospital. RESULTS In total, 68Gallium-DOTATOC-PET/CT was performed on 1750 individuals with NEN, among whom 12 (0.69%) had adrenal tumors. Of these, 9 (0.51%) were NEN metastases. Out of 1072 adrenalectomies, 4 (0.37%) showed evidence of NEN metastases. Thus, 16 patients with NEN exhibited adrenal tumors. The adrenal tumors were found on average 5 years after the NEN diagnosis and 19% of the adrenal tumors with simultaneous NEN were benign. Few had all adrenal hormones measured. None had an adrenal insufficiency nor an adrenal biopsy. Another synchronous metastasis was found in 69% at the time of the adrenal tumor discovery. During the median 2-year follow-up, 38% of the subjects had deceased (with the exclusion of individuals presenting supposedly benign adrenal tumors 31%) all due to tumor complications. A comparison between individuals identified through 68Gallium-DOTATOC-PET/CT and those who underwent adrenalectomy revealed a higher prevalence of NETs in the former group and NECs in the latter group. CONCLUSION Adrenal primary tumors and adrenal metastases are infrequent occurrences in patients with NEN. Most cases involved the presence of NEN metastasis upon the initial discovery of adrenal tumors. The overall prognosis was found to be favorable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Falhammar
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Adam Stenman
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Christofer Juhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Kistner
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lindqvist M, Leth-Møller KB, Linneberg A, Kull I, Bergström A, Georgellis A, Borres MP, Ekebom A, van Hage M, Melén E, Westman M. Natural course of pollen-induced allergic rhinitis from childhood to adulthood: A 20-year follow up. Allergy 2024; 79:884-893. [PMID: 37916606 DOI: 10.1111/all.15927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. There are limited prospective long-term data regarding persistency and remission of AR. The objective of this study was to investigate the natural course of pollen-induced AR (pollen-AR) over 20 years, from childhood into early adulthood. METHODS Data from 1137 subjects in the Barn/Children Allergi/Allergy Milieu Stockholm Epidemiologic birth cohort (BAMSE) with a completed questionnaire regarding symptoms, asthma, treatment with allergen immunotherapy (AIT) and results of allergen-specific IgE for inhalant allergens at 4, 8, 16 and 24 years were analyzed. Pollen-AR was defined as sneezing, runny, itchy or blocked nose; and itchy or watery eyes when exposed to birch and/or grass pollen in combination with allergen-specific IgE ≥0.35kUA/L to birch and/or grass. RESULTS Approximately 75% of children with pollen-AR at 4 or 8 years had persistent disease up to 24 years, and 30% developed asthma. The probability of persistency was high already at low levels of pollen-specific IgE. The highest rate of remission from pollen-AR was seen between 16 and 24 years (21.5%); however, the majority remained sensitized. This period was also when pollen-specific IgE-levels stopped increasing and the average estimated annual incidence of pollen-AR decreased from 1.5% to 0.8% per year. CONCLUSION Children with pollen-AR are at high risk of persistent disease for at least 20 years. Childhood up to adolescence seems to be the most dynamic period of AR progression. Our findings underline the close cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between sensitization, AR and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Lindqvist
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Biering Leth-Møller
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inger Kull
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonios Georgellis
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus P Borres
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Ekebom
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Palynological Laboratory, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Melén
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marit Westman
- Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Asthma- and Allergy Clinic S:t Göran, Praktikertjänst, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ängeby E, Adrian M, Bozovic G, Borgquist O, Kander T. Central venous catheter tip misplacement: A multicentre cohort study of 8556 thoracocervical central venous catheterisations. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2024; 68:520-529. [PMID: 38351546 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data on the incidence of central venous catheter tip misplacements after the implementation of ultrasound guidance during insertion. The aims of the present study were to determine the incidence of tip misplacements and to identify independent variables associated with tip misplacement. METHODS All jugular and subclavian central venous catheter insertions in patients ≥16 years with a post-procedural chest radiography at four hospitals were included. Each case was reviewed for relevant catheter data and radiologic evaluations of chest radiographies. Tip misplacements were classified as 'any tip misplacement', 'minor tip misplacement' or 'major tip misplacement'. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations between predefined independent variables and tip misplacements. RESULTS A total of 8556 central venous catheter insertions in 5587 patients were included. Real-time ultrasound guidance was used in 91% of all insertions. Any tip misplacement occurred (95% confidence interval) in 3.7 (3.3-4.1)% of the catheterisations, and 2.1 (1.8-2.4)% were classified as major tip misplacements. The multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that female patient gender, subclavian vein insertions, number of skin punctures and limited operator experience were associated with a higher risk of major tip misplacement, whereas increasing age and height were associated with a lower risk. CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective multicentre cohort study, performed in the ultrasound-guided era, we demonstrated the incidence of tip misplacements to be 3.7 (3.3-4.1)%. Right internal jugular vein catheterisation had the lowest incidence of both minor and major tip misplacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Ängeby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Adrian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gracijela Bozovic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Borgquist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Kander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Öhman J, Sjölin E, Cundari M, Johansson F, Gilbert M, Boele HJ, Svensson P, Rasmussen A. The Effect of Nucleo-Olivary Stimulation on Climbing Fiber EPSPs in Purkinje Cells. Cerebellum 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01682-1. [PMID: 38467957 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Climbing fibers, connecting the inferior olive and Purkinje cells, form the nervous system's strongest neural connection. These fibers activate after critical events like motor errors or anticipation of rewards, leading to bursts of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in Purkinje cells. The number of EPSPs is a crucial variable when the brain is learning a new motor skill. Yet, we do not know what determines the number of EPSPs. Here, we measured the effect of nucleo-olivary stimulation on periorbital elicited climbing fiber responses through in-vivo intracellular Purkinje cell recordings in decerebrated ferrets. The results show that while nucleo-olivary stimulation decreased the probability of a response occurring at all, it did not reduce the number of EPSPs. The results suggest that nucleo-olivary stimulation does not influence the number of EPSPs in climbing fiber bursts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Öhman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elias Sjölin
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maurizio Cundari
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Unit of Neuropsychiatry, Hospital of Helsingborg, Helsingborg, Sweden
- Unit of Neurology, Hospital of Helsingborg, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Johansson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mike Gilbert
- School of Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Henk-Jan Boele
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Washington Road, Princeton, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pär Svensson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Rasmussen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schlein E, Rokka J, Odell LR, van den Broek SL, Herth MM, Battisti UM, Syvänen S, Sehlin D, Eriksson J. Synthesis and evaluation of fluorine-18 labelled tetrazines as pre-targeting imaging agents for PET. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:21. [PMID: 38446356 PMCID: PMC10917718 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain is a challenging target for antibody-based positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging due to the restricted access of antibody-based ligands through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To overcome this physiological obstacle, we have previously developed bispecific antibody ligands that pass through the BBB via receptor-mediated transcytosis. While these radiolabelled ligands have high affinity and specificity, their long residence time in the blood and brain, typical for large molecules, poses another challenge for PET imaging. A viable solution could be a two-step pre-targeting approach which involves the administration of a tagged antibody that accumulates at the target site in the brain and then clears from the blood, followed by administration of a small radiolabelled molecule with fast kinetics. This radiolabelled molecule can couple to the tagged antibody and thereby make the antibody localisation visible by PET imaging. The in vivo linkage can be achieved by using the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (IEDDA), with trans-cyclooctene (TCO) and tetrazine groups participating as reactants. In this study, two novel 18F-labelled tetrazines were synthesized and evaluated for their potential use as pre-targeting imaging agents, i.e., for their ability to rapidly enter the brain and, if unbound, to be efficiently cleared with minimal background retention. RESULTS The two compounds, a methyl tetrazine [18F]MeTz and an H-tetrazine [18F]HTz were radiolabelled using a two-step procedure via [18F]F-Py-TFP synthesized on solid support followed by amidation with amine-bearing tetrazines, resulting in radiochemical yields of 24% and 22%, respectively, and a radiochemical purity of > 96%. In vivo PET imaging was performed to assess their suitability for in vivo pre-targeting. Time-activity curves from PET-scans showed [18F]MeTz to be the more pharmacokinetically suitable agent, given its fast and homogenous distribution in the brain and rapid clearance. However, in terms of rection kinetics, H-tetrazines are advantageous, exhibiting faster reaction rates in IEDDA reactions with dienophiles like trans-cyclooctenes, making [18F]HTz potentially more beneficial for pre-targeting applications. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a significant potential of [18F]MeTz and [18F]HTz as agents for pre-targeted PET brain imaging due to their efficient brain uptake, swift clearance and appropriate chemical stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schlein
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rokka
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luke R Odell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Umberto M Battisti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Sehlin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Eriksson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
- PET Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Naddi L, Hübinette J, Kander T, Borgquist O, Adrian M. Operator gender differences in major mechanical complications after central line insertions: a subgroup analysis of a prospective multicentre cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol 2024; 24:68. [PMID: 38383304 PMCID: PMC10880374 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-024-02455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous study on mechanical complications after central venous catheterisation demonstrated differences in complication rates between male and female operators. The objective of this subgroup analysis was to further investigate these differences. The hypothesis was that differences in distribution of predefined variables between operator genders could be identified. METHODS This was a subgroup analysis of a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study conducted between March 2019 and December 2020 including 8 586 patients ≥ 16 years receiving central venous catheters at four emergency care hospitals. The main outcome measure was major mechanical complications defined as major bleeding, severe cardiac arrhythmia, pneumothorax, arterial catheterisation, and persistent nerve injury. Independent t-test and χ2 test were used to investigate differences in distribution of major mechanical complications and predefined variables between male and female operators. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine association between operator gender and major mechanical complications. RESULTS Female operators had a lower rate of major mechanical complications than male operators (0.4% vs 0.8%, P = .02), were less experienced (P < .001), had more patients with invasive positive pressure ventilation (P < .001), more often chose the internal jugular vein (P < .001) and more frequently used ultrasound guidance (P < .001). Male operators more often chose the subclavian vein (P < .001) and inserted more catheters with bore size ≥ 9 Fr (P < .001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male operator gender was associated with major mechanical complication (OR 2.67 [95% CI: 1.26-5.64]) after correction for other relevant independent variables. CONCLUSIONS The hypothesis was confirmed as differences in distribution of predefined variables between operator genders were found. Despite being less experienced, female operators had a lower rate of major mechanical complications. Furthermore, male operator gender was independently associated with a higher risk of major mechanical complications. Future studies are needed to further investigate differences in risk behaviour between male and female operators. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03782324. Date of registration: 20/12/2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Naddi
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | | | - Thomas Kander
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola Borgquist
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Adrian
- Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Caputo M, Andersson E, Xia Y, Hou W, Cansby E, Erikson M, Lind DE, Hallberg B, Amrutkar M, Mahlapuu M. Genetic Ablation of STE20-Type Kinase MST4 Does Not Alleviate Diet-Induced MASLD Susceptibility in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2446. [PMID: 38397122 PMCID: PMC10888586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its advanced subtype, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), have emerged as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, yet there is no targeted pharmacotherapy presently available. This study aimed to investigate the possible in vivo function of STE20-type protein kinase MST4, which was earlier implicated in the regulation of hepatocellular lipotoxic milieu in vitro, in the control of the diet-induced impairment of systemic glucose and insulin homeostasis as well as MASLD susceptibility. Whole-body and liver-specific Mst4 knockout mice were generated by crossbreeding conditional Mst4fl/fl mice with mice expressing Cre recombinase under the Sox2 or Alb promoters, respectively. To replicate the environment in high-risk subjects, Mst4-/- mice and their wild-type littermates were fed a high-fat or a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Different in vivo tests were conducted in obese mice to describe the whole-body metabolism. MASLD progression in the liver and lipotoxic damage to adipose tissue, kidney, and skeletal muscle were analyzed by histological and immunofluorescence analysis, biochemical assays, and protein and gene expression profiling. In parallel, intracellular fat storage and oxidative stress were assessed in primary mouse hepatocytes, where MST4 was silenced by small interfering RNA. We found that global MST4 depletion had no effect on body weight or composition, locomotor activity, whole-body glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Furthermore, we observed no alterations in lipotoxic injuries to the liver, adipose, kidney, or skeletal muscle tissue in high-fat diet-fed whole-body Mst4-/- vs. wild-type mice. Liver-specific Mst4-/- mice and wild-type littermates displayed a similar severity of MASLD when subjected to an MCD diet, as evidenced by equal levels of steatosis, inflammation, hepatic stellate cell activation, fibrosis, oxidative/ER stress, and apoptosis in the liver. In contrast, the in vitro silencing of MST4 effectively protected primary mouse hepatocytes against ectopic lipid accumulation and oxidative cell injury triggered by exposure to fatty acids. In summary, these results suggest that the genetic ablation of MST4 in mice does not mitigate the initiation or progression of MASLD and has no effect on systemic glucose or insulin homeostasis in the context of nutritional stress. The functional compensation for the genetic loss of MST4 by yet undefined mechanisms may contribute to the apparent discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro phenotypic consequences of MST4 silencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wei Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emmelie Cansby
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Max Erikson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Emil Lind
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Manoj Amrutkar
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Margit Mahlapuu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pagnon de la Vega M, Syvänen S, Giedraitis V, Hooley M, Konstantinidis E, Meier SR, Rokka J, Eriksson J, Aguilar X, Spires-Jones TL, Lannfelt L, Nilsson LNG, Erlandsson A, Hultqvist G, Ingelsson M, Sehlin D. Altered amyloid-β structure markedly reduces gliosis in the brain of mice harboring the Uppsala APP deletion. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:22. [PMID: 38317196 PMCID: PMC10845526 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) into plaques is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutations cause early-onset AD by altering the production or aggregation properties of Aβ. We recently identified the Uppsala APP mutation (APPUpp), which causes Aβ pathology by a triple mechanism: increased β-secretase and altered α-secretase APP cleavage, leading to increased formation of a unique Aβ conformer that rapidly aggregates and deposits in the brain. The aim of this study was to further explore the effects of APPUpp in a transgenic mouse model (tg-UppSwe), expressing human APP with the APPUpp mutation together with the APPSwe mutation. Aβ pathology was studied in tg-UppSwe brains at different ages, using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. In vivo PET imaging with three different PET radioligands was conducted in aged tg-UppSwe mice and two other mouse models; tg-ArcSwe and tg-Swe. Finally, glial responses to Aβ pathology were studied in cell culture models and mouse brain tissue, using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Tg-UppSwe mice displayed increased β-secretase cleavage and suppressed α-secretase cleavage, resulting in AβUpp42 dominated diffuse plaque pathology appearing from the age of 5-6 months. The γ-secretase cleavage was not affected. Contrary to tg-ArcSwe and tg-Swe mice, tg-UppSwe mice were [11C]PiB-PET negative. Antibody-based PET with the 3D6 ligand visualized Aβ pathology in all models, whereas the Aβ protofibril selective mAb158 ligand did not give any signals in tg-UppSwe mice. Moreover, unlike the other two models, tg-UppSwe mice displayed a very faint glial response to the Aβ pathology. The tg-UppSwe mouse model thus recapitulates several pathological features of the Uppsala APP mutation carriers. The presumed unique structural features of AβUpp42 aggregates were found to affect their interaction with anti-Aβ antibodies and profoundly modify the Aβ-mediated glial response, which may be important aspects to consider for further development of AD therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Pagnon de la Vega
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monique Hooley
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evangelos Konstantinidis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silvio R Meier
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rokka
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Eriksson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Division of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- PET Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ximena Aguilar
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- BioArctic AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars N G Nilsson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Erlandsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dag Sehlin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lindqvist HM, Gjertsson I, Hulander E, Bärebring L, Winkvist A. Exploring the differences in serum metabolite profiles after intake of red meat in women with rheumatoid arthritis and a matched control group. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:221-230. [PMID: 37814020 PMCID: PMC10798910 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have suggested that women with RA tend to avoid red meat more often than women without RA, based on their perception that it exacerbates their symptoms. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate and compare the postprandial metabolic response following the consumption of a red meat meal in patients with RA and a matched control group. METHODS Participants were challenged with a meal with red meat and blood samples were collected before and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5 h after the meal. Serum metabolites were quantified by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis. Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures with Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to evaluate separation by metabolites due to diagnosis of RA or not and to identify changes in metabolites related to RA. Incremental area under the curve was calculated for univariate comparisons for 23 metabolites. RESULTS The matched groups, including 22 women with RA and 22 women without RA, did not differ significantly in age, body mass index, diet quality or reported physical activity. OPLS-DA models had a limited quality indicating that there were no differences in metabolite patterns between the groups. However, phenylalanine was significantly higher in concentration in women with RA compared to controls in both fasting and postprandial samples. CONCLUSION To conclude, this well-controlled postprandial intervention study found a significantly higher concentration of phenylalanine in both fasting and postprandial samples of women with RA compared to matched women without RA. These findings warrant further investigation in larger studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION The PIRA (Postprandial Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis) trial is Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04247009).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Lindqvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Hulander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linnea Bärebring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maxwell M, Söderlund R, Härtle S, Wattrang E. Single-cell RNA-seq mapping of chicken peripheral blood leukocytes. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:124. [PMID: 38287279 PMCID: PMC10826067 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell transcriptomics provides means to study cell populations at the level of individual cells. In leukocyte biology this approach could potentially aid the identification of subpopulations and functions without the need to develop species-specific reagents. The present study aimed to evaluate single-cell RNA-seq as a tool for identification of chicken peripheral blood leukocytes. For this purpose, purified and thrombocyte depleted leukocytes from 4 clinically healthy hens were subjected to single-cell 3' RNA-seq. Bioinformatic analysis of data comprised unsupervised clustering of the cells, and annotation of clusters based on expression profiles. Immunofluorescence phenotyping of the cell preparations used was also performed. RESULTS Computational analysis identified 31 initial cell clusters and based on expression of defined marker genes 28 cluster were identified as comprising mainly B-cells, T-cells, monocytes, thrombocytes and red blood cells. Of the remaining clusters, two were putatively identified as basophils and eosinophils, and one as proliferating cells of mixed origin. In depth analysis on gene expression profiles within and between the initial cell clusters allowed further identification of cell identity and possible functions for some of them. For example, analysis of the group of monocyte clusters revealed subclusters comprising heterophils, as well as putative monocyte subtypes. Also, novel aspects of TCRγ/δ + T-cell subpopulations could be inferred such as evidence of at least two subtypes based on e.g., different expression of transcription factors MAF, SOX13 and GATA3. Moreover, a novel subpopulation of chicken peripheral B-cells with high SOX5 expression was identified. An overall good correlation between mRNA and cell surface phenotypic cell identification was shown. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we were able to identify and infer functional aspects of both previously well known as well as novel chicken leukocyte populations although some cell types. e.g., T-cell subtypes, proved more challenging to decipher. Although this methodology to some extent is limited by incomplete annotation of the chicken genome, it definitively has benefits in chicken immunology by expanding the options to distinguish identity and functions of immune cells also without access to species specific reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Maxwell
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish Veterinary Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robert Söderlund
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish Veterinary Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonja Härtle
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Wattrang
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish Veterinary Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
De Luca F, Kits A, Martin Muñoz D, Aspelin Å, Kvist O, Österman Y, Diaz Ruiz S, Skare S, Falk Delgado A. Elective one-minute full brain multi-contrast MRI versus brain CT in pediatric patients: a prospective feasibility study. BMC Med Imaging 2024; 24:23. [PMID: 38267889 PMCID: PMC10809606 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain CT can be used to evaluate pediatric patients with suspicion of cerebral pathology when anesthetic and MRI resources are scarce. This study aimed to assess if pediatric patients referred for an elective brain CT could endure a diagnostic fast brain MRI without general anesthesia using a one-minute multi-contrast EPI-based sequence (EPIMix) with comparable diagnostic performance. METHODS Pediatric patients referred for an elective brain CT between March 2019 and March 2020 were prospectively included and underwent EPIMix without general anesthesia in addition to CT. Three readers (R1-3) independently evaluated EPIMix and CT images on two separate occasions. The two main study outcomes were the tolerance to undergo an EPIMix scan without general anesthesia and its performance to classify a scan as normal or abnormal. Secondary outcomes were assessment of disease category, incidental findings, diagnostic image quality, diagnostic confidence, and image artifacts. Further, a side-by-side evaluation of EPIMix and CT was performed. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated for EPIMix on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and ADC images. Descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, and Chi-squared test were used to compare the two imaging modalities. RESULTS EPIMix was well tolerated by all included patients (n = 15) aged 5-16 (mean 11, SD 3) years old. Thirteen cases on EPIMix and twelve cases on CT were classified as normal by all readers (R1-3), while two cases on EPIMix and three cases on CT were classified as abnormal by one reader (R1), (R1-3, p = 1.00). There was no evidence of a difference in diagnostic confidence, image quality, or the presence of motion artifacts between EPIMix and CT (R1-3, p ≥ 0.10). Side-by-side evaluation (R2 + R4 + R5) reviewed all scans as lacking significant pathological findings on EPIMix and CT images. CONCLUSIONS Full brain MRI-based EPIMix sequence was well tolerated without general anesthesia with a diagnostic performance comparable to CT in elective pediatric patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (ethical approval number/ID Ethical approval 2017/2424-31/1). This study was a clinical trial study, with study protocol published at ClinicalTrials.gov with Trial registration number NCT03847051, date of registration 18/02/2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Luca
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Annika Kits
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Martin Muñoz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Aspelin
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Kvist
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yords Österman
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandra Diaz Ruiz
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Skare
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Falk Delgado
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cederlöf M, Jebril W, Larsson H, Curman P, Bachar-Wikström E, Wikström JD. Individuals with Darier disease have an increased risk of suicide and self-injurious behaviours. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:284-285. [PMID: 37890021 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In a large population-based registry study of 935 patients in Sweden with Darier disease, we show that patients with the disease display significantly increased risks of suicide and self-injurious behaviours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Cederlöf
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | - William Jebril
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
- Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics
| | - Philip Curman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
- Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Etty Bachar-Wikström
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Jakob D Wikström
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
- Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fontana IC, Kumar A, Okamura N, Nordberg A. Multitracer Approach to Understanding the Complexity of Reactive Astrogliosis in Alzheimer's Brains. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:328-336. [PMID: 38133820 PMCID: PMC10797624 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) selective positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [11C]-deuterium-l-deprenyl holds promise for imaging reactive astrogliosis in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Two novel PET tracers ([11C]-BU99008 and [18F]-SMBT-1) have recently been developed to assess the complexity of reactive astrogliosis in the AD continuum. We have investigated the binding properties of SMBT-1, l-deprenyl, and BU99008 in AD and cognitively normal control (CN) brains. Competition binding assays with [3H]-l-deprenyl and [3H]-BU99008 versus unlabeled SMBT-1 in postmortem AD and CN temporal and frontal cortex brains demonstrated that SMBT-1 interacted with [3H]-deprenyl at a single binding site (nM range) and with [3H]-BU99008 at multiple binding sites (from nM to μM). Autoradiography studies on large frozen postmortem AD and CN hemisphere brain sections demonstrated that 1 μM SMBT-1 almost completely displaced the [3H]-l-deprenyl binding (>90%), while SMBT-1 only partly displaced the [3H]-BU99008 binding (50-60% displacement) in cortical regions. In conclusion, SMBT-1, l-deprenyl, and BU99008 interact at the same MAO-B binding site, while BU99008 shows an additional independent binding site in AD and CN brains. The high translational power of our studies in human AD and CN brains suggests that the multitracer approach with SMBT-1, l-deprenyl, and BU99008 could be useful for imaging reactive astrogliosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor C. Fontana
- Division
of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department
of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division
of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department
of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nobuyuki Okamura
- Department
of Pharmacology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical
University, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division
of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department
of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 83 Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme
Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University
Hospital, S-141 57 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Golán-Cancela I, Caja L. The TGF-β Family in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1067. [PMID: 38256140 PMCID: PMC10816220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family have been implicated in the biology of several cancers. In this review, we focus on the role of TGFβ and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in glioblastoma. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults; it presents at a median age of 64 years, but can occur at any age, including childhood. Unfortunately, there is no cure, and even patients undergoing current treatments (surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) have a median survival of 15 months. There is a great need to identify new therapeutic targets to improve the treatment of GBM patients. TGF-βs signaling promotes tumorigenesis in glioblastoma, while BMPs suppress tumorigenic potential by inducing tumor cell differentiation. In this review, we discuss the actions of TGF-βs and BMPs on cancer cells as well as in the tumor microenvironment, and their use in potential therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laia Caja
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Atif AR, Aramesh M, Carter SS, Tenje M, Mestres G. Universal Biomaterial-on-Chip: a versatile platform for evaluating cellular responses on diverse biomaterial substrates. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2024; 35:2. [PMID: 38206428 PMCID: PMC10784356 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidics has emerged as a promising approach for assessing cellular behavior in vitro, providing more physiologically relevant cell culture environments with dynamic flow and shear stresses. This study introduces the Universal Biomaterial-on-Chip (UBoC) device, which enables the evaluation of cell response on diverse biomaterial substrates in a 3D-printed microfluidic device. The UBoC platform offers mechanical stimulation of the cells and monitoring of their response on diverse biomaterials, enabling qualitative and quantitative in vitro analysis both on- and off-chip. Cell adhesion and proliferation were assessed to evaluate the biocompatibility of materials with different physical properties, while mechanical stimulation was performed to investigate shear-dependent calcium signaling in pre-osteoblasts. Moreover, the applicability of the UBoC platform in creating more complex in vitro models by culturing multiple cell types was demonstrated, establishing a dynamic multicellular environment to investigate cellular interfaces and their significance in biological processes. Overall, the UBoC presents an adaptable tool for in vitro evaluation of cellular behavior, offering opportunities for studying various biomaterials and cell interactions in microfluidic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raouf Atif
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Morteza Aramesh
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sarah-Sophia Carter
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Tenje
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gemma Mestres
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rockholt MM, Naddi L, Badri AM, Englund E, Kander T. Macro- and microscopic changes in veins with short-term central venous catheters: an observational autopsy study. BMC Anesthesiol 2024; 24:5. [PMID: 38166620 PMCID: PMC10759750 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centrally inserted central catheters (CICCs) are indispensable in modern healthcare, but unfortunately, come with complications. Catheter-related thrombosis is a well-known complication reported to occur in 5-30% of patients with CICC. There is a paucity of studies that report the incidence of catheter-related thrombosis after the introduction of real-time ultrasound insertion guidance as clinical practice. This study aimed to demonstrate any pathological macro- or microscopic changes in the vein wall associated with CICCs. METHODS The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority and was conducted at a large university hospital. The study included 12 patients with a short-term CICC who were subject to autopsies. Vessels with inserted catheters were macroscopically and microscopically examined. RESULTS In total, seven female and five male patients with a median age of 70 (interquartile range 63-76) were included. With one exception, all patients received routine thromboprophylaxis throughout the period with CICC. Most inserted CICCs were 9.5 French (54%) and were inserted in the internal jugular vein (92%). The median time with CICC was seven days (interquartile range 1.8-20). At autopsy, thrombi were observed in all cases (100%), macroscopically and microscopically, attached to the distal portion of the CICC and/or the adjacent vessel wall. Inflammatory changes in the vessel walls were seen in all cases, and varying degrees of fibrosis were demonstrated in eight cases (67%). CONCLUSIONS This autopsy study demonstrated that catheter-related thrombus formation with adjacent inflammatory and fibrotic vessel wall thickening was very common, despite a limited period of catheter use. The consequences of these findings are important, as thrombi may cause pulmonary embolism and possibly lead to catheter-related infections, and since inflammatory and fibrotic vessel wall thickening may evolve into chronic venous stenosis. Furthermore, the findings are a cause of concern, as CICCs are indispensable in modern healthcare and complications may be masked by the general disease that was the indication for CICC insertion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mika M Rockholt
- Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, NYU Langone Health, NYC, NY, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leila Naddi
- Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ahmed M Badri
- Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elisabet Englund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - Thomas Kander
- Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gustafsson P, Kjell K, Cundari M, Larsson M, Edbladh J, Madison G, Kazakova O, Rasmussen A. The ability to maintain rhythm is predictive of ADHD diagnosis and profile. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:920. [PMID: 38066477 PMCID: PMC10704849 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder in the world. Currently, the diagnosis is based mainly on interviews, resulting in uncertainties in the clinical assessment. While some neuropsychological tests are used, their specificity and selectivity are low, and more reliable biomarkers are desirable. Previous research indicates that ADHD is associated with morphological changes in the cerebellum, which is essential for motor ability and timing. Here, we compared 29 children diagnosed with ADHD to 96 age-matched controls on prism adaptation, eyeblink conditioning, and timed motor performance in a finger tapping task. Prism adaptation and timing precision in the finger tapping task, but not performance on eyeblink conditioning, differed between the ADHD and control groups, as well as between children with and without Deficits in Attention, Motor control, and Perception (DAMP) - a more severe form of ADHD. The results suggest finger tapping can be used as a cheap, objective, and unbiased biomarker to complement current diagnostic procedures.
Collapse
Grants
- 20180704, 20200729, 20220796, 20230655 Crafoordska Stiftelsen
- 20180704, 20200729, 20220796, 20230655 Crafoordska Stiftelsen
- 2018, 2019, 2020 Anna-Lisa Rosenberg Stiftelse
- 2018, 2019, 2020 Anna-Lisa Rosenberg Stiftelse
- 2018, 2019, 2020 Anna-Lisa Rosenberg Stiftelse
- 20230153 Sten K Johnsons stiftelse
- 20230153 Sten K Johnsons stiftelse
- 2020-01468 Vetenskapsrådet,Sweden
- 2022-04-25 Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapet i Lund
- 2019-2246 Thorsten och Elsa Segerfalks Stiftelse
- M18-0070 & M19-0375, M20-0008 Åke Wiberg Stiftelse
- 2018-00366 & 2019-00516 Fredrik och Ingrid Thurings Stiftelse
- 2020-03788 Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse
- Lund University
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peik Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katarina Kjell
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maurizio Cundari
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Unit of Neuropsychiatry, Hospital of Helsingborg, Helsingborg, Sweden
- Unit of Neurology, Hospital of Helsingborg, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Martin Larsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Guy Madison
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olga Kazakova
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Rasmussen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Stenman A, Falhammar H, Zedenius J, Juhlin CC. Adrenal and periadrenal schwannoma: histological, molecular and clinical characterization of an institutional case series. Endocrine 2023; 82:631-637. [PMID: 37535242 PMCID: PMC10618319 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adrenal schwannoma (AS) and periadrenal schwannoma (PAS) are exceedingly rare Schwann cell tumors that develop from the adrenal medulla and periadrenal peripheral nerves respectively. The underlying genetic events are elusive. METHODS We searched our institutional database for AS/PAS cases and reviewed the histology and clinical outcome. Comprehensive molecular work-up was performed. RESULTS We found reports of 4 AS/PAS cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2022 among the 1248 adrenal lesions submitted for histopathology during the same time period (0.32%). Two patients were male, two were female, and the age span was 59-80 years. Median size was 70 mm (range 50-100 mm), and from a radiology perspective, the lesions were initially suspected of malignant lesions originating from either adrenals or kidneys. Hormonal analyses were normal in all cases. Histologically, three cases were annotated as cellular AS or PAS, and one case was annotated as microcystic AS. Molecular characterization using focused next-generation sequencing did not identify SMARCB1 or NF2 mutations, alterations previously associated to schwannoma at other anatomical sites. The postoperative period was without complications for all patients, and follow-up did not show any signs of relapse or metastatic disease. CONCLUSION AS/PAS are rare neoplasms that are most often benign, and the molecular etiology is most likely not related to mutations in established schwannoma-related genes. Since these tumors may be misinterpreted as malignant, knowledge of this entity is essential for radiologists, endocrinologists, surgeons and pathologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stenman
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Falhammar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Zedenius
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Christofer Juhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xia Y, Andersson E, Caputo M, Cansby E, Sedda F, Font-Gironès F, Ruud J, Kurhe Y, Hallberg B, Marschall HU, Asterholm IW, Romeo S, Blüher M, Mahlapuu M. Knockout of STE20-type kinase TAOK3 does not attenuate diet-induced NAFLD development in mice. Mol Med 2023; 29:138. [PMID: 37864157 PMCID: PMC10589923 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the primary hepatic consequence of obesity, is affecting about 25% of the global adult population. The aim of this study was to examine the in vivo role of STE20-type protein kinase TAOK3, which has been previously reported to regulate hepatocellular lipotoxicity in vitro, in the development of NAFLD and systemic insulin resistance in the context of obesity. METHODS Taok3 knockout mice and wild-type littermates were challenged with a high-fat diet. Various in vivo tests were performed to characterize the whole-body metabolism. NAFLD progression in the liver, and lipotoxic damage in adipose tissue, kidney, and skeletal muscle were compared between the genotypes by histological assessment, immunofluorescence microscopy, protein and gene expression profiling, and biochemical assays. Intracellular lipid accumulation and oxidative/ER stress were analyzed in cultured human and mouse hepatocytes where TAOK3 was knocked down by small interfering RNA. The expression of TAOK3-related STE20-type kinases was quantified in different organs from high-fat diet-fed Taok3-/- and wild-type mice. RESULTS TAOK3 deficiency had no impact on body weight or composition, food consumption, locomotor activity, or systemic glucose or insulin homeostasis in obese mice. Consistently, Taok3-/- mice and wild-type littermates developed a similar degree of high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, and we detected no difference in lipotoxic damage of adipose tissue, kidney, or skeletal muscle when comparing the two genotypes. In contrast, the silencing of TAOK3 in vitro markedly suppressed ectopic lipid accumulation and metabolic stress in mouse and human hepatocytes. Interestingly, the hepatic mRNA abundance of several TAOK3-related kinases, which have been previously implicated to increase the risk of NAFLD susceptibility, was significantly elevated in Taok3-/- vs. wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the in vitro observations, genetic deficiency of TAOK3 in mice failed to mitigate the detrimental metabolic consequences of chronic exposure to dietary lipids, which may be partly attributable to the activation of liver-specific compensation response for the genetic loss of TAOK3 by related STE20-type kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mara Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emmelie Cansby
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesca Sedda
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ferran Font-Gironès
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Ruud
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yeshwant Kurhe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margit Mahlapuu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nikolić S, Oasa S, Krmpot AJ, Terenius L, Belić MR, Rigler R, Vukojević V. Mapping the Direction of Nucleocytoplasmic Transport of Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) in Live Cells Using Two-Foci Cross-Correlation in Massively Parallel Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (mpFCS). Anal Chem 2023; 95:15171-15179. [PMID: 37782779 PMCID: PMC10585663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport of transcription factors is vital for normal cellular function, and its breakdown is a major contributing factor in many diseases. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is an evolutionarily conserved, ligand-dependent transcription factor that regulates homeostasis and response to stress and is an important target for therapeutics in inflammation and cancer. In unstimulated cells, the GR resides in the cytoplasm bound to other molecules in a large multiprotein complex. Upon stimulation with endogenous or synthetic ligands, GR translocation to the cell nucleus occurs, where the GR regulates the transcription of numerous genes by direct binding to glucocorticoid response elements or by physically associating with other transcription factors. While much is known about molecular mechanisms underlying GR function, the spatial organization of directionality of GR nucleocytoplasmic transport remains less well characterized, and it is not well understood how the bidirectional nucleocytoplasmic flow of GR is coordinated in stimulated cells. Here, we use two-foci cross-correlation in a massively parallel fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (mpFCS) system to map in live cells the directionality of GR translocation at different positions along the nuclear envelope. We show theoretically and experimentally that cross-correlation of signals from two nearby observation volume elements (OVEs) in an mpFCS setup presents a sharp peak when the OVEs are positioned along the trajectory of molecular motion and that the time position of the peak corresponds to the average time of flight of the molecule between the two OVEs. Hence, the direction and velocity of nucleocytoplasmic transport can be determined simultaneously at several locations along the nuclear envelope. We reveal that under ligand-induced GR translocation, nucleocytoplasmic import/export of GR proceeds simultaneously but at different locations in the cell nucleus. Our data show that mpFCS can characterize in detail the heterogeneity of directional nucleocytoplasmic transport in a live cell and may be invaluable for studies aiming to understand how the bidirectional flow of macromolecules through the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is coordinated to avoid intranuclear transcription factor accretion/abatement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanko
N. Nikolić
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute
of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sho Oasa
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksandar J. Krmpot
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute
of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lars Terenius
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milivoj R. Belić
- Division
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rudolf Rigler
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- Department
of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oskarsdotter K, Nordgård CT, Apelgren P, Säljö K, Solbu AA, Eliasson E, Sämfors S, Sætrang HEM, Asdahl LC, Thompson EM, Troedsson C, Simonsson S, Strand BL, Gatenholm P, Kölby L. Injectable In Situ Crosslinking Hydrogel for Autologous Fat Grafting. Gels 2023; 9:813. [PMID: 37888386 PMCID: PMC10606883 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous fat grafting is hampered by unpredictable outcomes due to high tissue resorption. Hydrogels based on enzymatically pretreated tunicate nanocellulose (ETC) and alginate (ALG) are biocompatible, safe, and present physiochemical properties capable of promoting cell survival. Here, we compared in situ and ex situ crosslinking of ETC/ALG hydrogels combined with lipoaspirate human adipose tissue (LAT) to generate an injectable formulation capable of retaining dimensional stability in vivo. We performed in situ crosslinking using two different approaches; inducing Ca2+ release from CaCO3 microparticles (CMPs) and physiologically available Ca2+ in vivo. Additionally, we generated ex situ-crosslinked, 3D-bioprinted hydrogel-fat grafts. We found that in vitro optimization generated a CMP-crosslinking system with comparable stiffness to ex situ-crosslinked gels. Comparison of outcomes following in vivo injection of each respective crosslinked hydrogel revealed that after 30 days, in situ crosslinking generated fat grafts with less shape retention than 3D-bioprinted constructs that had undergone ex situ crosslinking. However, CMP addition improved fat-cell distribution and cell survival relative to grafts dependent on physiological Ca2+ alone. These findings suggested that in situ crosslinking using CMP might promote the dimensional stability of injectable fat-hydrogel grafts, although 3D bioprinting with ex situ crosslinking more effectively ensured proper shape stability in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Oskarsdotter
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine T. Nordgård
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter Apelgren
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Säljö
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anita A. Solbu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Edwin Eliasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanna Sämfors
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Lise Cathrine Asdahl
- DuPont Nutrition Norge AS d/b/a NovaMatrix, Postboks 223, 1377 Billingstad, Norway
| | - Eric M. Thompson
- Ocean TuniCell AS, 5258 Blomsterdalen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Stina Simonsson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Cell Biology, Institution of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Berit L. Strand
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Lars Kölby
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bisang I, Ehrlén J, Hedenäs L. Life-history characteristics and historical factors are important to explain regional variation in reproductive traits and genetic diversity in perennial mosses. Ann Bot 2023; 132:29-42. [PMID: 36928083 PMCID: PMC10550275 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants have evolved an unrivalled diversity of reproductive strategies, including variation in the degree of sexual vs. clonal reproduction. This variation has important effects on the dynamics and genetic structure of populations. We examined the association between large-scale variation in reproductive patterns and intraspecific genetic diversity in two moss species where sex is manifested in the dominant haploid generation and sex expression is irregular. We predicted that in regions with more frequent realized sexual reproduction, populations should display less skewed sex ratios, should more often express sex and should have higher genetic diversity than in regions with largely clonal reproduction. METHODS We assessed reproductive status and phenotypic sex in the dioicous long-lived Drepanocladus trifarius and D. turgescens, in 248 and 438 samples across two regions in Scandinavia with frequent or rare realized sexual reproduction, respectively. In subsets of the samples, we analysed genetic diversity using nuclear and plastid sequence information and identified sex with a sex-specific molecular marker in non-reproductive samples. KEY RESULTS Contrary to our predictions, sex ratios did not differ between regions; genetic diversity did not differ in D. trifarius and it was higher in the region with rare sexual reproduction in D. turgescens. Supporting our predictions, relatively more samples expressed sex in D. trifarius in the region with frequent sexual reproduction. Overall, samples were mostly female. The degree of sex expression and genetic diversity differed between sexes. CONCLUSIONS Sex expression levels, regional sex ratios and genetic diversity were not directly associated with the regional frequency of realized sexual reproduction, and relationships and variation patterns differed between species. We conclude that a combination of species-specific life histories, such as longevity, overall degree of successful sexual reproduction and recruitment, and historical factors are important to explain this variation. Our data on haploid-dominated plants significantly complement plant reproductive biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bisang
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Hedenäs
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abelein A. Metal Binding of Alzheimer's Amyloid-β and Its Effect on Peptide Self-Assembly. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2653-2663. [PMID: 37733746 PMCID: PMC10552549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions have been identified as key factors modulating the aggregation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The presence of elevated levels of metal ions in the amyloid plaques in AD patients supports the notion that the dysfunction of metal homeostasis is connected to the development of AD pathology. Here, recent findings from high- and low-resolution biophysical techniques are put into perspective, providing detailed insights into the molecular structures and dynamics of metal-bound Aβ complexes and the effect of metal ions on the Aβ aggregation process. In particular, the development of theoretical kinetic models deducing different microscopic nucleation events from the macroscopic aggregation behavior has enabled deciphering of the effect of metal ions on specific nucleation processes. In addition to these macroscopic measurements of bulk aggregation to quantify microscopic rates, recent NMR studies have revealed details about the structures and dynamics of metal-Aβ complexes, thereby linking structural events to bulk aggregation. Interestingly, transition-metal ions, such as copper, zinc, and silver ions, form a compact complex with the N-terminal part of monomeric Aβ, respectively, where the metal-bound "folded" state is in dynamic equilibrium with an "unfolded" state. The rates and thermodynamic features of these exchange dynamics have been determined by using NMR relaxation dispersion experiments. Additionally, the application of specifically tailored paramagnetic NMR experiments on the Cu(II)-Aβ complex has been fruitful in obtaining structural constraints within the blind sphere of conventional NMR experiments. This enables the determination of molecular structures of the "folded" Cu(II)-coordinated N-terminal region of Aβ. Furthermore, the discussed transition-metal ions modulate Aβ self-assembly in a concentration-dependent manner, where low metal ion concentrations inhibit Aβ fibril formation, while at high metal ion concentrations other processes occur, resulting in amorphous aggregate formation. Remarkably, the metal-Aβ interaction predominately reduces one specific nucleation step, the fibril-end elongation, whereas primary and surface-catalyzed secondary nucleation mechanisms are less affected. Specific inhibition of fibril-end elongation theoretically predicts an enhanced generation of Aβ oligomers, which is an interesting contribution to understanding metal-Aβ-associated neurotoxic effects. Taken together, the metal binding process creates a metal-bound Aβ complex, which is seemingly inert to aggregation. This process hence efficiently reduces the aggregation-prone peptide pool, which on the macroscopic level is reflected as slower aggregation kinetics. Thus, the specific binding of metals to the Aβ monomer can be linked to the macroscopic inhibitory effect on Aβ bulk aggregation, providing a molecular understanding of the Aβ aggregation mechanism in the presence of metal ions, where the metal ion can be seen as a minimalist agent against Aβ self-assembly. These insights can help to target Aβ aggregation in vivo, where metal ions are key factors modulating the Aβ self-assembly and Aβ-associated neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Abelein
- Department of Biosciences
and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gélabert C, Papoutsoglou P, Golán I, Ahlström E, Ameur A, Heldin CH, Caja L, Moustakas A. The long non-coding RNA LINC00707 interacts with Smad proteins to regulate TGFβ signaling and cancer cell invasion. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:271. [PMID: 37784093 PMCID: PMC10544626 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate cellular processes by interacting with RNAs or proteins. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling via Smad proteins regulates gene networks that control diverse biological processes, including cancer cell migration. LncRNAs have emerged as TGFβ targets, yet, their mechanism of action and biological role in cancer remain poorly understood. METHODS Whole-genome transcriptomics identified lncRNA genes regulated by TGFβ. Protein kinase inhibitors and RNA-silencing, in combination with cDNA cloning, provided loss- and gain-of-function analyses. Cancer cell-based assays coupled to RNA-immunoprecipitation, chromatin isolation by RNA purification and protein screening sought mechanistic evidence. Functional validation of TGFβ-regulated lncRNAs was based on new transcriptomics and by combining RNAscope with immunohistochemical analysis in tumor tissue. RESULTS Transcriptomics of TGFβ signaling responses revealed down-regulation of the predominantly cytoplasmic long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 707 (LINC00707). Expression of LINC00707 required Smad and mitogen-activated protein kinase inputs. By limiting the binding of Krüppel-like factor 6 to the LINC00707 promoter, TGFβ led to LINC00707 repression. Functionally, LINC00707 suppressed cancer cell invasion, as well as key fibrogenic and pro-mesenchymal responses to TGFβ, as also attested by RNA-sequencing analysis. LINC00707 also suppressed Smad-dependent signaling. Mechanistically, LINC00707 interacted with and retained Smad proteins in the cytoplasm. Upon TGFβ stimulation, LINC00707 dissociated from the Smad complex, which allowed Smad accumulation in the nucleus. In vivo, LINC00707 expression was negatively correlated with Smad2 activation in tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS LINC00707 interacts with Smad proteins and limits the output of TGFβ signaling, which decreases LINC00707 expression, thus favoring cancer cell invasion. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gélabert
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
| | - Panagiotis Papoutsoglou
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
- Inserm, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Université Rennes 1, OSS (Oncogenesis, Stress, Signalling) laboratory, UMR_S 1242, Rennes, F-35042, France
| | - Irene Golán
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
| | - Eric Ahlström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
| | - Laia Caja
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden.
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 582, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Freiholtz D, Bergman O, Pradhananga S, Lång K, Poujade FA, Granath C, Olsson C, Franco-Cereceda A, Sahlén P, Eriksson P, Björck HM. SPP1/osteopontin: a driver of fibrosis and inflammation in degenerative ascending aortic aneurysm? J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1323-1333. [PMID: 37698712 PMCID: PMC10560177 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Degenerative ascending aortic aneurysm (AscAA) is a silent and potentially fatal disease characterized by excessive vascular inflammation and fibrosis. We aimed to characterize the cellular and molecular signature for the fibrotic type of endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) that has previously been described in degenerative AscAA. Patients undergoing elective open-heart surgery for AscAA and/or aortic valve repair were recruited. Gene expression in the intima-media of the ascending aorta was measured in 22 patients with non-dilated and 24 with dilated aortas, and candidate genes were identified. Protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Interacting distal gene enhancer regions were identified using targeted chromosome conformation capture (HiCap) in untreated and LPS-treated THP1 cells, and the associated transcription factors were analyzed. Differential expression analysis identified SPP1 (osteopontin) as a key gene in the signature of fibrotic EndMT in patients with degenerative AscAA. The aortic intima-media expression of SPP1 correlated with the expression of inflammatory markers, the level of macrophage infiltration, and the aortic diameter. HiCap analysis, followed by transcription factor binding analysis, identified ETS1 as a potential regulator of SPP1 expression under inflammatory conditions. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that SPP1 may be involved in the development of the degenerative type of AscAA. KEY MESSAGES: In the original manuscript titled "SPP1/osteopontin, a driver of fibrosis and inflammation in degenerative ascending aortic aneurysm?" by David Freiholtz, Otto Bergman, Saliendra Pradhananga, Karin Lång, Flore-Anne Poujade, Carl Granath, Christian Olsson, Anders Franco-Cereceda, Pelin Sahlén, Per Eriksson, and Hanna M Björck, we present novel findings on regulatory factors on osteopontin (SPP1) expression in immune cells involved in degenerative ascending aortic aneurysms (AscAA). The central findings convey: SPP1 is a potential driver of the fibrotic endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in AscAA. SPP1/osteopontin expression in AscAA is predominately by immune cells. ETS1 is a regulatory transcription factor of SPP1 expression in AscAA immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Freiholtz
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Otto Bergman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sailendra Pradhananga
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Lång
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Flore-Anne Poujade
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Carl Granath
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Christian Olsson
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pelin Sahlén
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hanna M Björck
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Roselli S, Satir TM, Camacho R, Fruhwürth S, Bergström P, Zetterberg H, Agholme L. APP-BACE1 Interaction and Intracellular Localization Regulate Aβ Production in iPSC-Derived Cortical Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3653-3668. [PMID: 37355492 PMCID: PMC10477112 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized pathologically by amyloid β (Aβ)-containing plaques. Generation of Aβ from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by two enzymes, β- and γ-secretase, has therefore been in the AD research spotlight for decades. Despite this, how the physical interaction of APP with the secretases influences APP processing is not fully understood. Herein, we compared two genetically identical human iPSC-derived neuronal cell types: low Aβ-secreting neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) and high Aβ-secreting mature neurons, as models of low versus high Aβ production. We investigated levels of substrate, enzymes and products of APP amyloidogenic processing and correlated them with the proximity of APP to β- and γ-secretase in endo-lysosomal organelles. In mature neurons, increased colocalization of full-length APP with the β-secretase BACE1 correlated with increased β-cleavage product sAPPβ. Increased flAPP/BACE1 colocalization was mainly found in early endosomes. In the same way, increased colocalization of APP-derived C-terminal fragment (CTF) with presenilin-1 (PSEN1), the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, was seen in neurons as compared to NPCs. Furthermore, most of the interaction of APP with BACE1 in low Aβ-secreting NPCs seemed to derive from CTF, the remaining APP part after BACE1 cleavage, indicating a possible novel product-enzyme inhibition. In conclusion, our results suggest that interaction of APP and APP cleavage products with their secretases can regulate Aβ production both positively and negatively. β- and γ-Secretases are difficult targets for AD treatment due to their ubiquitous nature and wide range of substrates. Therefore, targeting APP-secretase interactions could be a novel treatment strategy for AD. Colocalization of APP species with BACE1 in a novel model of low- versus high-Aβ secretion-Two genetically identical human iPSC-derived neuronal cell types: low Aβ-secreting neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) and high Aβ secreting mature neurons, were compared. Increased full-length APP (flAPP)/BACE1 colocalization in early endosomes was seen in neurons, while APP-CTF/BACE1 colocalization was much higher than flAPP/BACE1 colocalization in NPCs, although the cellular location was not determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Roselli
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 15, Sahlgrenska Hospital, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Tugce Munise Satir
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 15, Sahlgrenska Hospital, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rafael Camacho
- Centre for Cellular Imaging, Core Facilities, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7A, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Fruhwürth
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 15, Sahlgrenska Hospital, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Bergström
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 15, Sahlgrenska Hospital, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 15, Sahlgrenska Hospital, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Building V3, Mölndal Hospital, 431 80, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London Queen Square, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Units 1501-1502, 1512-1518, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Lotta Agholme
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Blå Stråket 15, Sahlgrenska Hospital, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dahlin LB, Perez R, Nyman E, Zimmerman M, Merlo J. Overuse of the psychoactive analgesics' opioids and gabapentinoid drugs in patients having surgery for nerve entrapment disorders. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16248. [PMID: 37758760 PMCID: PMC10533484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about risks for overuse of psychoactive analgesics in patients having primary surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) or ulnar nerve entrapment (UNE), or both, is limited. We investigated if patients with those nerve entrapment disorders have a higher risk of overuse of psychoactive analgesics (i.e., opioids and gabapentinoid drugs) before, after, and both before and after surgery than observed in the general population after accounting for demographical and socioeconomic factors. Using a large record linkage database, we analysed 5,966,444 individuals (25-80 years), residing in Sweden December 31st, 2010-2014, of which 31,380 underwent surgery 2011-2013 for CTS, UNE, or both, applying logistic regression to estimate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Overall, overuse of the psychoactive analgesics was low in the general population. Compared to those individuals, unadjusted RR (95% CI) of overuse ranged in patients between 2.77 (2.57-3.00) with CTS after surgery and 6.21 (4.27-9.02) with both UNE and CTS after surgery. These risks were only slightly reduced after adjustment for demographical and socioeconomic factors. Patients undergoing surgery for CTS, UNE, or both, have a high risk of overuse of psychoactive analgesics before, after, and both before and after surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars B Dahlin
- Department of Translational Medicine - Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms g 5, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Raquel Perez
- Department of Translational Medicine - Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms g 5, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
- Unit for Social Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences (Malmö), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erika Nyman
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Linköping University Hospital, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Malin Zimmerman
- Department of Translational Medicine - Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms g 5, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Orthopedics, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Juan Merlo
- Unit for Social Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences (Malmö), Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
- Center for Primary Health Research, Region Skåne, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kuzmin J, Röckl J, Schwarz N, Djossou J, Ahumada G, Ahlquist M, Lundberg H. Electroreductive Desulfurative Transformations with Thioethers as Alkyl Radical Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304272. [PMID: 37342889 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Thioethers are highly prevalent functional groups in organic compounds of natural and synthetic origin but remain remarkably underexplored as starting materials in desulfurative transformations. As such, new synthetic methods are highly desirable to unlock the potential of the compound class. In this vein, electrochemistry is an ideal tool to enable new reactivity and selectivity under mild conditions. Herein, we demonstrate the efficient use of aryl alkyl thioethers as alkyl radical precursors in electroreductive transformations, along with mechanistic details. The transformations proceed with complete selectivity for C(sp3 )-S bond cleavage, orthogonal to that of established transition metal-catalyzed two-electron routes. We showcase a hydrodesulfurization protocol with broad functional group tolerance, the first example of desulfurative C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) bond formation in Giese-type cross-coupling and the first protocol for electrocarboxylation of synthetic relevance with thioethers as starting materials. Finally, the compound class is shown to outcompete their well-established sulfone analogues as alkyl radical precursors, demonstrating their synthetic potential for future desulfurative transformations in a one-electron manifold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Kuzmin
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Röckl
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Djossou
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guillermo Ahumada
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten Ahlquist
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wegrzyniak O, Zhang B, Rokka J, Rosestedt M, Mitran B, Cheung P, Puuvuori E, Ingvast S, Persson J, Nordström H, Löfblom J, Pontén F, Frejd FY, Korsgren O, Eriksson J, Eriksson O. Imaging of fibrogenesis in the liver by [ 18F]TZ-Z09591, an Affibody molecule targeting platelet derived growth factor receptor β. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:23. [PMID: 37733133 PMCID: PMC10513984 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) is a receptor overexpressed on activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs). Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of PDGFRβ could potentially allow the quantification of fibrogenesis in fibrotic livers. This study aims to evaluate a fluorine-18 radiolabeled Affibody molecule ([18F]TZ-Z09591) as a PET tracer for imaging liver fibrogenesis. RESULTS In vitro specificity studies demonstrated that the trans-Cyclooctenes (TCO) conjugated Z09591 Affibody molecule had a picomolar affinity for human PDGFRβ. Biodistribution performed on healthy rats showed rapid clearance of [18F]TZ-Z09591 through the kidneys and low liver background uptake. Autoradiography (ARG) studies on fibrotic livers from mice or humans correlated with histopathology results. Ex vivo biodistribution and ARG revealed that [18F]TZ-Z09591 binding in the liver was increased in fibrotic livers (p = 0.02) and corresponded to binding in fibrotic scars. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights [18F]TZ-Z09591 as a specific tracer for fibrogenic cells in the fibrotic liver, thus offering the potential to assess fibrogenesis clearly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Wegrzyniak
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 14C, 3tr, 751 83, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 14C, 3tr, 751 83, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rokka
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosestedt
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 14C, 3tr, 751 83, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Mitran
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 14C, 3tr, 751 83, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pierre Cheung
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 14C, 3tr, 751 83, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emmi Puuvuori
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 14C, 3tr, 751 83, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofie Ingvast
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Persson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 14C, 3tr, 751 83, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Protein Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Nordström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Löfblom
- Department of Protein Science, Division of Protein Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Y Frejd
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Affibody AB, Solna, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 14C, 3tr, 751 83, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Uppsala University Hospital PET Center, Entrance 85, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 21, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Olof Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 14C, 3tr, 751 83, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Antaros Medical AB, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Noormägi A, Golubeva T, Berntsson E, Wärmländer SK, Tõugu V, Palumaa P. Direct Competition of ATCUN Peptides with Human Serum Albumin for Copper(II) Ions Determined by LC-ICP MS. ACS Omega 2023; 8:33912-33919. [PMID: 37744839 PMCID: PMC10515390 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an indispensable biometal, primarily serving as a redox-competent cofactor in numerous proteins. Apart from preformed copper-binding sites within the protein structures, small peptide motifs exist called ATCUN, which are composed of an N-terminal tripeptide XZH, able to bind Cu(II) ions in exchangeable form. These motifs are common for serum albumin, but they are also present in a wide range of proteins and peptides. These proteins and peptides can be involved in copper metabolism, and copper ions can affect their biological role. The distribution of copper between the ATCUN peptides, including truncated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides Aβ4-42 and Aβ11-42, which may be involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, is mainly determined by their concentrations and relative Cu(II)-binding affinities. The Cu(II)-binding affinity (log Kd) of several ATCUN peptides, determined by different methods and authors, varies by more than three orders of magnitude. This variation may be attributed to the chemical properties of peptides but can also be influenced by the differences in methods and experimental conditions used for the determination of Kd. In the current study, we performed direct competition experiments between selected ATCUN peptides and HSA by using an LC-ICP MS-based approach. We demonstrated that ATCUN and truncated Aβ peptides Aβ4-16 and Aβ11-15 bind Cu(II) ions with an affinity similar to that for HSA. Our results demonstrate that ATCUN motifs cannot compete with excess HSA for the binding of Cu(II) ions in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andra Noormägi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tatjana Golubeva
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Elina Berntsson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
- Chemistry
Section, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Vello Tõugu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Peep Palumaa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pinheiro AS, Tsarouhas V, Senti KA, Arefin B, Samakovlis C. Scavenger receptor endocytosis controls apical membrane morphogenesis in the Drosophila airways. eLife 2023; 12:e84974. [PMID: 37706489 PMCID: PMC10564452 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of distinct branch sizes and shapes is a central aspect in tubular organ morphogenesis and function. In the Drosophila airway tree, the interplay of apical extracellular matrix (ECM) components with the underlying membrane and cytoskeleton controls tube elongation, but the link between ECM composition with apical membrane morphogenesis and tube size regulation is elusive. Here, we characterized Emp (epithelial membrane protein), a Drosophila CD36 homolog belonging to the scavenger receptor class B protein family. emp mutant embryos fail to internalize the luminal chitin deacetylases Serp and Verm at the final stages of airway maturation and die at hatching with liquid filled airways. Emp localizes in apical epithelial membranes and shows cargo selectivity for LDLr-domain containing proteins. emp mutants also display over elongated tracheal tubes with increased levels of the apical proteins Crb, DE-cad, and phosphorylated Src (p-Src). We show that Emp associates with and organizes the βH-Spectrin cytoskeleton and is itself confined by apical F-actin bundles. Overexpression or loss of its cargo protein Serp lead to abnormal apical accumulations of Emp and perturbations in p-Src levels. We propose that during morphogenesis, Emp senses and responds to luminal cargo levels by initiating apical membrane endocytosis along the longitudinal tube axis and thereby restricts airway elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Pinheiro
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Vasilios Tsarouhas
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Kirsten André Senti
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- IMBA – Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Badrul Arefin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg UniversityGothenburgSweden
| | - Christos Samakovlis
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University of GiessenGiessenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Popa I, Touboul D, Andersson T, Fuentes-Lemus E, Santerre C, Davies MJ, Lood R. Oxygen Exposure and Tolerance Shapes the Cell Wall-Associated Lipids of the Skin Commensal Cutibacterium acnes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2260. [PMID: 37764104 PMCID: PMC10534455 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes is one of the most abundant bacteria on the skin. Being exposed to oxygen and oxic stress, the secretion of the bacterial antioxidant protein RoxP ensures an endogenous antioxidant system for the preservation of skin health. To investigate the impact of the antioxidant RoxP on oxidation of the bacteria, wildtype and an isogenic roxp mutant were cultured in anaerobic and oxic conditions. The carbonylated status of proteins were recorded, as were the most significant modifications in a relative intensity of free fatty acids (FFA) and lipids containing fatty acids (FA), such as di- (DG) and triglycerides (TG), di- (DGDG) and sulfoquinozyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and ceramides. Concerning the fatty acid types, it was observed that the free fatty acids contained mainly C12:0-C26:0 in hydroxy and acylated forms, the DG contained mainly C29:0-C37:0, the TG contained mainly C19:0-C33:0, and the DGDG/SQDGs contained very long fatty acids (C29:0-C37:0) demonstrating the interdependence of de novo synthesis of lipids and RoxP. The area of DGDG peaks (924.52, 929.56 and 930.58) were affected by bacterial growth conditions, with the exception of m/z 910.61. Moreover, the FFA unsaturation is wider in the SQDG species (C30:0 to C36:6) than in DG, TG or free FFA species. It could be concluded that both environmental oxidative statuses, as well as the prevalence of bacterial antioxidant systems, significantly shape the lipidome of C. acnes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Popa
- Analytic and Biological Lipid Systems (Lip(Sys)2), Pharmacy Department, University Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment Henri Moissan, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - David Touboul
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, University Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), Institut Polytechnique de Paris, University Paris-Saclay, Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Tilde Andersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.F.-L.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Cyrille Santerre
- Institut Supérieur International de la Parfumerie, de la Cosmétique et de l’Arôme Alimentaire (ISIPCA), 34-36 rue du Parc de Clagny, 78000 Versailles, France;
| | - Michael J. Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (E.F.-L.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Rolf Lood
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hill H, Klaar P, Espes D. Real-life data of hypoglycemic events in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:e003485. [PMID: 37739421 PMCID: PMC10533671 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoglycemia composes an always present risk in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and can be a fatal complication. Many studies on hypoglycemic events are based on self-reported data or focused on the aggregated time below range. We have processed continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data in children and adolescents with T1D in order to examine all occurring hypoglycemic events. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS CGM data (mean 168±3 days) from 214 children and adolescents with T1D were analyzed using computer-based algorithms. Patients were divided into three groups based on estimated HbA1c (eHbA1c): (1) ≤48 mmol/mol (n=58); (2) 49-64 mmol/mol (n=113); (3) ≥65 mmol/mol (n=43). The groups were compared concerning descriptive data and CGM metrics with emphasis on the frequency of hypoglycemic events. RESULTS Only one self-reported event of severe hypoglycemia was registered, while 54 390 hypoglycemic events (<3.9 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL)) were identified from CGM data out of which 11 740 were serious (<3.0 mmol/L (<54 mg/dL)). On average there were 1.5±0.1 hypoglycemic events per 24 hours out of which 1.2±0.1 were mild (3.0-3.9 mmol/L) and 0.3±0.02 serious. Group 1 had a higher frequency of both total and mild hypoglycemic events compared with both groups 2 and 3. However, the frequency of serious hypoglycemic events was similar in all groups. A negative correlation was observed for eHbA1c and total daily and mild hypoglycemic events (r=-0.57 and r=-0.66, respectively, p<0.0001), whereas for serious hypoglycemic events there was only a borderline significance (r=-0.13, p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that hypoglycemic events are a frequent phenomenon in children and adolescents with T1D, occurring regardless of overall metabolic control. Although patients with an HbA1c ≤48 mmol/mol had a higher frequency of mild hypoglycemic events there was no increase in serious hypoglycemic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Hill
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Espes
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Geng X, He H, Shatskiy A, Stepanova EV, Alvey GR, Liu JQ, Kärkäs MD, Wang XS. Construction of Phenanthridinone Skeletons through Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12738-12743. [PMID: 37611263 PMCID: PMC10476191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a straightforward synthetic approach for the construction of phenanthridin-6(5H)-one skeletons is disclosed. The developed protocol relies on palladium catalysis, providing controlled access to a range of functionalized phenanthridin-6(5H)-ones in 59-88% yields. Furthermore, plausible reaction pathways are proposed based on mechanistic experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Geng
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials Jiangsu
Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Heng He
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials Jiangsu
Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Andrey Shatskiy
- Department
of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena V. Stepanova
- Department
of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Tomsk
Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Gregory R. Alvey
- Department
of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian-Quan Liu
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials Jiangsu
Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
- Department
of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department
of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiang-Shan Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Functional Materials Jiangsu
Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Karlsson P, Nygren-Bonnier M, Henningsohn L, Rydwik E, Hagströmer M. The feasibility of using a digital tool to enhance mobilisation following abdominal cancer surgery-a non-randomised controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:147. [PMID: 37612761 PMCID: PMC10463628 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early mobilisation is strongly recommended following abdominal cancer surgery, but evidence on how to structure early mobilisation to improve outcomes and support patient adherence is lacking. Pedatim® (Phystec) is a novel digital tool designed to support mobilisation in hospital settings using prescribed activities and goals on a tablet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the Pedatim tablet to enhance mobilisation following abdominal cancer surgery. METHODS In a non-randomised feasibility trial design, participants were recruited between January and May 2022 at Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden. Participants used a Pedatim tablet from postoperative day 1 (POD 1) until hospital discharge. The primary objective was to evaluate process feasibility, regarding recruitment, compliance, and acceptability. Recruitment was measured by percentage of available patients included, eligibility criteria sufficiency, and number of dropouts. Compliance was measured by number of patients using versus not using the board. Acceptability was measured using the System Usability Scale. The secondary objective was to evaluate scientific feasibility, defined as an indication of treatment effects where physical activity was assessed using an activPAL accelerometer. Unforeseen events relating to the tablet were also registered. RESULTS Based on predetermined feasibility criteria, the overall study design was determined to be feasible regarding recruitment as 69% accepted participation (n = 20), compliance was 95%, and the acceptability mean score was high (77/100). Eligibility criteria were not feasible as 79% (n = 108) of available patients were excluded. The intervention was determined to be scientifically feasible, mean steps per day increased from 623 (SD 766) to 1823 (SD 1446), and mean sit-to-stand transitions per day increased from 11 (SD 8) to 29 (SD 12) POD 1-4. Technical issues emerged, highlighting the need for available technical support and "user champions" among healthcare professionals on the ward. CONCLUSIONS Using the Pedatim tablet to enhance mobilisation following abdominal cancer surgery was deemed feasible, but a randomised controlled trial is needed to determine the tool's effectiveness. The study process was determined to be feasible with revisions of the eligibility criteria needed before a future trial. Involving healthcare professionals and providing available technical support are important for future implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Karlsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Physiotherapy, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Malin Nygren-Bonnier
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Physiotherapy, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Henningsohn
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Urology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Rydwik
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Physiotherapy, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Hagströmer
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Physiotherapy, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ran C, Jennysdotter Olofsgård F, Steinberg A, Sjöstrand C, Waldenlind E, Dahlgren A, Belin AC. Patients with cluster headache show signs of insomnia and sleep related stress: results from an actigraphy and self-assessed sleep study. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:114. [PMID: 37596555 PMCID: PMC10439595 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01650-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cluster headache (CH) is a primary headache disorder which is characterized by circadian timing of headache attacks, usually at nighttime, in around two thirds of patients. Patients with CH often report sleep difficulties, though it is unknown whether this is a cause or a consequence of nightly headache attacks. OBJECTIVE In this case-control study we have assessed sleep quality in study participants with CH in cluster bout respectively in remission, compared to a control group of neurologically healthy individuals to investigate the potential connection between sleep and CH. METHODS Fifty study participants with CH and 42 controls were recruited for sleep assessment. Sleep was recorded using MotionWatch 8 actigraphs (CamNTech) for a period of two weeks. Study participants were instructed to wear the unit during rest and sleep and to fill out a sleep diary daily through the two-weeks period. RESULTS Results from actigraphy recordings and sleep diaries suggested that patients with CH spend longer time in bed than controls (CH 8.1 hours vs. Controls 7.7 hours, p=0.03), but do not sleep more than controls (CH 6.7 hours vs. controls 6.5 hours, p=0.3). In addition, CH patients reported increased sleep latency (p=0.003), particularly during, but not restricted to, cluster bouts. Study participants with CH further reported higher levels of stress at bedtime (p=0.01), and they felt less well rested than controls (p=0.001). CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests that sleep is negatively affected in CH both in cluster bout and in remission, manifesting in symptoms consistent with insomnia such as prolonged sleep latency and increased time in bed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ran
- Centre for Cluster Headache, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Anna Steinberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Sjöstrand
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Waldenlind
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Dahlgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Carmine Belin
- Centre for Cluster Headache, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hu Z, Kopparapu PK, Deshmukh M, Jarneborn A, Gupta P, Ali A, Fei Y, Engdahl C, Pullerits R, Mohammad M, Jin T. The Impact of Aging and Toll-like Receptor 2 Deficiency on the Clinical Outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:332-342. [PMID: 36808423 PMCID: PMC10420399 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes a broad range of infections. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 senses the S. aureus lipoproteins in S. aureus infections. Aging raises the risk of infection. Our aim was to understand how aging and TLR2 affect the clinical outcomes of S. aureus bacteremia. Four groups of mice (wild type/young, wild type/old, TLR2-/-/young, and TLR2-/-/old) were intravenously infected with S. aureus, and the infection course was followed. Both TLR2 deficiency and aging enhanced the susceptibility to disease. Increased age was the main contributing factor for increased mortality rates and changes in spleen weight, whereas other clinical parameters, such as weight loss and kidney abscess formation, were more TLR2 dependent. Importantly, aging increased mortality rates without relying on TLR2. In vitro, both aging and TLR2 deficiency down-regulated cytokine/chemokine production of immune cells with distinct patterns. In summary, we demonstrate that aging and TLR2 deficiency impair the immune response to S. aureus bacteremia in distinct ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pradeep Kumar Kopparapu
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Meghshree Deshmukh
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Jarneborn
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Priti Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abukar Ali
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying Fei
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rille Pullerits
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Majd Mohammad
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Johansson J, Lidéus S, Höijer I, Ameur A, Gudmundsson S, Annerén G, Bondeson ML, Wilbe M. A novel quantitative targeted analysis of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) using nanopore sequencing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12856. [PMID: 37553382 PMCID: PMC10409790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) analyses often assist in diagnostics of X-linked traits, however accurate assessment remains challenging with current methods. We developed a novel strategy using amplification-free Cas9 enrichment and Oxford nanopore technologies sequencing called XCI-ONT, to investigate and rigorously quantify XCI in human androgen receptor gene (AR) and human X-linked retinitis pigmentosa 2 gene (RP2). XCI-ONT measures methylation over 116 CpGs in AR and 58 CpGs in RP2, and separate parental X-chromosomes without PCR bias. We show the usefulness of the XCI-ONT strategy over the PCR-based golden standard XCI technique that only investigates one or two CpGs per gene. The results highlight the limitations of using the golden standard technique when the XCI pattern is partially skewed and the advantages of XCI-ONT to rigorously quantify XCI. This study provides a universal XCI-method on DNA, which is highly valuable in clinical and research framework of X-linked traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarah Lidéus
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ida Höijer
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sanna Gudmundsson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Göran Annerén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Bondeson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Wilbe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Johansson B, Oasa S, Muntsant Soria A, Tiiman A, Söderberg L, Amandius E, Möller C, Lannfelt L, Terenius L, Giménez-Llort L, Vukojević V. The interwoven fibril-like structure of amyloid-beta plaques in mouse brain tissue visualized using super-resolution STED microscopy. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:142. [PMID: 37542303 PMCID: PMC10403925 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard neuropathologic analysis of Alzheimer's brain relies on traditional fluorescence microscopy, which suffers from limited spatial resolution due to light diffraction. As a result, it fails to reveal intricate details of amyloid plaques. While electron microscopy (EM) offers higher resolution, its extensive sample preparation, involving fixation, dehydration, embedding, and sectioning, can introduce artifacts and distortions in the complex brain tissue. Moreover, EM lacks molecular specificity and has limited field of view and imaging depth. RESULTS In our study, we employed super-resolution Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy in conjunction with the anti-human APP recombinant antibody 1C3 fluorescently labelled with DyLightTM633 (1C3-DyLight633). This combination allowed us to visualize amyloidogenic aggregates in vitro and in brain sections from a 17-month-old 3×Tg-AD mouse with sub-diffraction limited spatial resolution. Remarkably, we achieved a spatial resolution of 29 nm in vitro and 62 nm in brain tissue sections, surpassing the capabilities of conventional confocal microscopy by 5-10 times. Consequently, we could discern individual fibrils within plaques, an achievement previously only possible with EM. CONCLUSIONS The utilization of STED microscopy represents a groundbreaking advancement in the field, enabling researchers to delve into the characterization of local mechanisms that underlie Amyloid (Aβ) deposition into plaques and their subsequent clearance. This unprecedented level of detail is especially crucial for comprehending the etiology of Alzheimer's disease and developing the next generation of anti-amyloid treatments. By facilitating the evaluation of drug candidates and non-pharmacological interventions aiming to reduce amyloid burden, STED microscopy emerges as an indispensable tool for driving scientific progress in Alzheimer's research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Johansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sho Oasa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aida Muntsant Soria
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ann Tiiman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Lars Terenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Berntsson E, Vosough F, Noormägi A, Padari K, Asplund F, Gielnik M, Paul S, Jarvet J, Tõugu V, Roos PM, Kozak M, Gräslund A, Barth A, Pooga M, Palumaa P, Wärmländer SKTS. Characterization of Uranyl (UO 22+) Ion Binding to Amyloid Beta (Aβ) Peptides: Effects on Aβ Structure and Aggregation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2618-2633. [PMID: 37487115 PMCID: PMC10401651 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Uranium (U) is naturally present in ambient air, water, and soil, and depleted uranium (DU) is released into the environment via industrial and military activities. While the radiological damage from U is rather well understood, less is known about the chemical damage mechanisms, which dominate in DU. Heavy metal exposure is associated with numerous health conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent age-related cause of dementia. The pathological hallmark of AD is the deposition of amyloid plaques, consisting mainly of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides aggregated into amyloid fibrils in the brain. However, the toxic species in AD are likely oligomeric Aβ aggregates. Exposure to heavy metals such as Cd, Hg, Mn, and Pb is known to increase Aβ production, and these metals bind to Aβ peptides and modulate their aggregation. The possible effects of U in AD pathology have been sparsely studied. Here, we use biophysical techniques to study in vitro interactions between Aβ peptides and uranyl ions, UO22+, of DU. We show for the first time that uranyl ions bind to Aβ peptides with affinities in the micromolar range, induce structural changes in Aβ monomers and oligomers, and inhibit Aβ fibrillization. This suggests a possible link between AD and U exposure, which could be further explored by cell, animal, and epidemiological studies. General toxic mechanisms of uranyl ions could be modulation of protein folding, misfolding, and aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Berntsson
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Faraz Vosough
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andra Noormägi
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kärt Padari
- Institute
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fanny Asplund
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maciej Gielnik
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus
University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Suman Paul
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- CellPept
Sweden AB, Kvarngatan
10B, 118 47 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vello Tõugu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Per M. Roos
- Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- University
Healthcare Unit of Capio St. Göran Hospital, 112 81 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maciej Kozak
- Department
of Biomedical Physics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
- SOLARIS
National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian
University, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- CellPept
Sweden AB, Kvarngatan
10B, 118 47 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Barth
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margus Pooga
- Institute
of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peep Palumaa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sebastian K. T. S. Wärmländer
- Chemistry
Section, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm
University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- CellPept
Sweden AB, Kvarngatan
10B, 118 47 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kitamura A, Oasa S, Kawaguchi H, Osaka M, Vukojević V, Kinjo M. Increased intracellular crowding during hyperosmotic stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11834. [PMID: 37481632 PMCID: PMC10363123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39090-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperosmotic stress activates in live cells numerous processes and also promotes intracellular protein/RNA aggregation and phase separation. However, the time course and the extent of these changes remain largely uncharacterized. To investigate dynamic changes in intracellular macromolecular crowding (MMC) induced by hyperosmotic stress in live cells, we used fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to quantify changes in the local environment by measuring the fluorescence lifetime and the diffusion of the monomeric enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), respectively. Real-time monitoring of eGFP fluorescence lifetime showed that a faster response to environmental changes due to MMC is observed than when measuring the acceptor/donor emission ratio using the MMC-sensitive Förster resonance energy transfer sensor (GimRET). This suggests that eGFP molecular electronic states and/or collision frequency are affected by changes in the immediate surroundings due to MMC without requiring conformational changes as is the case for the GimRET sensor. Furthermore, eGFP diffusion assessed by FCS indicated higher intracellular viscosity due to increased MMC during hyperosmotic stress. Our findings reveal that changes in eGFP fluorescence lifetime and diffusion are early indicators of elevated intracellular MMC. Our approach can therefore be used to reveal in live cells short-lived transient states through which MMC builds over time, which could not be observed when measuring changes in other physical properties that occur at slower time scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kitamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Sho Oasa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Haruka Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Misato Osaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masataka Kinjo
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Freiholtz D, Bergman O, Lång K, Poujade FA, Paloschi V, Granath C, Lindeman JHN, Olsson C, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P, Björck HM. Bicuspid aortic valve aortopathy is characterized by embryonic epithelial to mesenchymal transition and endothelial instability. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:801-811. [PMID: 37162557 PMCID: PMC10299957 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart malformation frequently associated with ascending aortic aneurysm (AscAA). Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) may play a role in BAV-associated AscAA. The aim of the study was to investigate the type of EMT associated with BAV aortopathy using patients with a tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) as a reference. The state of the endothelium was further evaluated. Aortic biopsies were taken from patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Aortic intima/media miRNA and gene expression was analyzed using Affymetrix human transcriptomic array. Histological staining assessed structure, localization, and protein expression. Migration/proliferation was assessed using ORIS migration assay. We show different EMT types associated with BAV and TAV AscAA. Specifically, in BAV-associated aortopathy, EMT genes related to endocardial cushion formation were enriched. Further, BAV vascular smooth muscle cells were less proliferative and migratory. In contrast, TAV aneurysmal aortas displayed a fibrotic EMT phenotype with medial degenerative insults. Further, non-dilated BAV aortas showed a lower miRNA-200c-associated endothelial basement membrane LAMC1 expression and lower CD31 expression, accompanied by increased endothelial permeability indicated by increased albumin infiltration. Embryonic EMT is a characteristic of BAV aortopathy, associated with endothelial instability and vascular permeability of the non-dilated aortic wall. KEY MESSAGES: Embryonic EMT is a feature of BAV-associated aortopathy. Endothelial integrity is compromised in BAV aortas prior to dilatation. Non-dilated BAV ascending aortas are more permeable than aortas of tricuspid aortic valve patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Freiholtz
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Otto Bergman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Solna, Sweden
| | - Karin Lång
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Solna, Sweden
| | - Flore-Anne Poujade
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Solna, Sweden
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Solna, Sweden
| | - Carl Granath
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan H N Lindeman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Olsson
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Solna, Sweden
| | - Hanna M Björck
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Solna, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Stenkvist S, Bacaicoa S, Goossens E, Sundén H. Aerobic oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis. CHEM REC 2023:e202300091. [PMID: 37309301 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ease with which simple starting materials can be transformed into highly functionalized products has made oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis an area of significant interest. However, the use of stoichiometric amounts of high molecular weight oxidants in most reactions generates an undesired equivalent amount of waste. To address this issue, the use of oxygen as the terminal oxidant in NHC catalysis has been developed. Oxygen is attractive due to its low cost, low molecular weight, and ability to generate water as the sole by-product. However, molecular oxygen is challenging to use as a reagent in organic synthesis due to its unreactive ground state, which often requires reactions to be run at high temperatures and results in the formation of kinetic side-products. This review covers the development of aerobic oxidative carbene catalysis, including NHC-catalyzed reactions with oxygen, strategies for oxygen activation, and selectivity issues under aerobic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Stenkvist
- Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Bacaicoa
- Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ellymay Goossens
- Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundén
- Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gupta P, Hu Z, Kopparapu PK, Deshmukh M, Sághy T, Mohammad M, Jin T, Engdahl C. The impact of TLR2 and aging on the humoral immune response to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8850. [PMID: 37258615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging alters immunoglobulin production, affecting the humoral immune response. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognizes Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) which causes bacteremia with high mortality in the elderly. To understand how TLR2 and aging affect the humoral immune response in bacteremia, four groups of mice (wild type-young, wild type-old, TLR2-/--young, and TLR2-/--old) were used to analyze immunoglobulin levels in healthy conditions as well as 10 days after intravenous injection with S. aureus. We found that aging increased the levels of both IgM and IgG. Increased IgG in aged mice was controlled by TLR2. In bacteremia infection, aged mice failed to mount proper IgM response in both wild-type (WT) and TLR2-/- mice, whereas IgG response was impaired in both aged and TLR2-/- mice. Aged mice displayed reduced IgG1 and IgG2a response irrespective of TLR2 expression. However, impaired IgG2b response was only found in aged WT mice and not in TLR2-/- mice. Both aging and TLR2-/- increased the levels of anti-staphylococcal IgM in bacteremia. Aging increased sialylated IgG in WT mice but not in TLR2-/- mice. IgG sialylation was not affected by the infection in neither of the mice. In summary, aging increases all immunoglobulins except IgG1. However, aged mice fail to mount a proper antibody response to S. aureus bacteremia. TLR2 plays the regulatory role in IgG but not IgM response to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priti Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box- 480, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Center, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, Box 413, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box- 480, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pradeep Kumar Kopparapu
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box- 480, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Meghshree Deshmukh
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box- 480, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tibor Sághy
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box- 480, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Center, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, Box 413, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Majd Mohammad
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box- 480, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box- 480, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box- 480, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Center, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, University of Gothenburg, Box 413, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Grubišić-Čabo A, Michiardi M, Sanders CE, Bianchi M, Curcio D, Phuyal D, Berntsen MH, Guo Q, Dendzik M. In Situ Exfoliation Method of Large-Area 2D Materials. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023:e2301243. [PMID: 37236159 PMCID: PMC10401183 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
2D materials provide a rich platform to study novel physical phenomena arising from quantum confinement of charge carriers. Many of these phenomena are discovered by surface sensitive techniques, such as photoemission spectroscopy, that work in ultra-high vacuum (UHV). Success in experimental studies of 2D materials, however, inherently relies on producing adsorbate-free, large-area, high-quality samples. The method that yields 2D materials of highest quality is mechanical exfoliation from bulk-grown samples. However, as this technique is traditionally performed in a dedicated environment, the transfer of samples into vacuum requires surface cleaning that might diminish the quality of the samples. In this article, a simple method for in situ exfoliation directly in UHV is reported, which yields large-area, single-layered films. Multiple metallic and semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides are exfoliated in situ onto Au, Ag, and Ge. The exfoliated flakes are found to be of sub-millimeter size with excellent crystallinity and purity, as supported by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and low-energy electron diffraction. The approach is well-suited for air-sensitive 2D materials, enabling the study of a new suite of electronic properties. In addition, the exfoliation of surface alloys and the possibility of controlling the substrate-2D material twist angle is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Grubišić-Čabo
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, Stockholm, 114 19, Sweden
| | - Matteo Michiardi
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Charlotte E Sanders
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, 0X11 0QX, UK
| | - Marco Bianchi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Davide Curcio
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Dibya Phuyal
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, Stockholm, 114 19, Sweden
| | - Magnus H Berntsen
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, Stockholm, 114 19, Sweden
| | - Qinda Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, Stockholm, 114 19, Sweden
| | - Maciej Dendzik
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, Stockholm, 114 19, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abelein A, Johansson J. Amyloid inhibition by molecular chaperones in vitro can be translated to Alzheimer's pathology in vivo. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:848-857. [PMID: 37252101 PMCID: PMC10211315 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are important components in the cellular quality-control machinery and increasing evidence points to potential new roles for them as suppressors of amyloid formation in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Approaches to treat Alzheimer's disease have not yet resulted in an effective treatment, suggesting that alternative strategies may be useful. Here, we discuss new treatment approaches based on molecular chaperones that inhibit amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation by different microscopic mechanisms of action. Molecular chaperones that specifically target secondary nucleation reactions during Aβ aggregation in vitro - a process closely associated with Aβ oligomer generation - have shown promising results in animal treatment studies. The inhibition of Aβ oligomer generation in vitro seemingly correlates with the effects of treatment, giving indirect clues about the molecular mechanisms present in vivo. Interestingly, recent immunotherapy advances, which have demonstrated significant improvements in clinical phase III trials, have used antibodies that selectively act against Aβ oligomer formation, supporting the notion that specific inhibition of Aβ neurotoxicity is more rewarding than reducing overall amyloid fibril formation. Hence, specific modulation of chaperone activity represents a promising new strategy for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Abelein
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet 141 83 Huddinge Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet 141 83 Huddinge Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Larsson H, Albinsson Högberg S, Lind M, Rabe H, Lingblom C. Investigating immune profile by CyTOF in individuals with long-standing type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8171. [PMID: 37210405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by T-cell mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Eosinophils are found in pancreatic tissue from individuals with T1D. Eosinophilic suppression of T cells is dependent of the protein galectin-10. Little is known when it comes to the role of eosinophil granulocytes in type 1 diabetes. Here we show that individuals with long-standing T1D had lower levels of galectin-10hi eosinophils and a subgroup of galectin-10hi eosinophils were entirely absent in all T1D patients. In addition, 7% immature eosinophils were present in the circulation of T1D patients whereas 0.8% in healthy individuals. Furthermore, higher levels of CD4+CD8+ T cells and Th17 cells were observed in patients with T1D. Blood samples from 12 adult individuals with long-standing T1D and 12 healthy individuals were compared using cytometry by time-of-flight. Lower levels of galectin-10hi eosinophils, which are potent T cell suppressors, in individuals with T1D could indicate that activated T cells are enabled to unrestrictedly kill the insulin producing beta cells. This is the first study showing absence of galectin-10hi eosinophilic subgroup in individuals with T1D compared with healthy controls. This study is a first important step toward unraveling the role of the eosinophils in patients with T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Larsson
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, NU Hospital Group, Trollhättan, Sweden
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sofie Albinsson Högberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 41346, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Lind
- Department of Medicine, NU Hospital Group, Uddevalla, Trollhättan, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Hardis Rabe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 41346, Göteborg, Sweden
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioscience and Materials, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christine Lingblom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 41346, Göteborg, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dreos A, Ge J, Najera F, Tebikachew BE, Perez-Inestrosa E, Moth-Poulsen K, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Hanrieder J. Investigating New Applications of a Photoswitchable Fluorescent Norbornadiene as a Multifunctional Probe for Delineation of Amyloid Plaque Polymorphism. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1500-1509. [PMID: 36946692 PMCID: PMC10152485 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques are a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and constitute of structurally heterogenic entities (polymorphs) that have been implicated in the phenotypic heterogeneity of AD pathology and pathogenesis. Understanding amyloid aggregation has been a critical limiting factor to gain understanding of AD pathogenesis, ultimately reflected in that the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We identified a fluorescent probe in the form of a turn-off photoswitchable norbornadiene derivative (NBD1) with several microenvironment-sensitive properties that make it relevant for applications within advanced fluorescence imaging, for example, multifunctional imaging. We explored the application of NBD1 for in situ delineation of structurally heterogenic Aβ plaques in transgenic AD mouse models. NBD1 plaque imaging shows characteristic broader emission bands in the periphery and more narrow emission bands in the dense cores of mature cored plaques. Further, we demonstrate in situ photoisomerization of NBD1 to quadricyclane and thermal recovery in single plaques, which is relevant for applications within both functional and super-resolution imaging. This is the first time a norbornadiene photoswitch has been used as a probe for fluorescence imaging of Aβ plaque pathology in situ and that its spectroscopic and switching properties have been studied within the specific environment of senile Aβ plaques. These findings open the way toward new applications of NBD-based photoswitchable fluorescent probes for super-resolution or dual-color imaging and multifunctional microscopy of amyloid plaque heterogeneity. This could allow to visualize Aβ plaques with resolution beyond the diffraction limit, label different plaque types, and gain insights into their physicochemical composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Dreos
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Instituto
de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma
en Nanomedicina−IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain
| | - Junyue Ge
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Francisco Najera
- Instituto
de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma
en Nanomedicina−IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Behabitu Ergette Tebikachew
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ezequiel Perez-Inestrosa
- Instituto
de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma
en Nanomedicina−IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute
of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan
Institution for Research and Advanced Studies ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politecnica
de Catalunya, EEBE, Eduard
Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical
Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University
Hospital, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical
Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University
Hospital, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department
of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK
Dementia Research Institute, University
College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Hong
Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong 1512-1518, China
- UW
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department
of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department
of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| |
Collapse
|