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Johansson J, Lidéus S, Frykholm C, Gunnarsson C, Mihalic F, Gudmundsson S, Ekvall S, Molin AM, Pham M, Vihinen M, Lagerstedt-Robinson K, Nordgren A, Jemth P, Ameur A, Annerén G, Wilbe M, Bondeson ML. Gustavson syndrome is caused by an in-frame deletion in RBMX associated with potentially disturbed SH3 domain interactions. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:333-341. [PMID: 37277488 PMCID: PMC10923852 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA binding motif protein X-linked (RBMX) encodes the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G (hnRNP G) that regulates splicing, sister chromatid cohesion and genome stability. RBMX knock down experiments in various model organisms highlight the gene's importance for brain development. Deletion of the RGG/RG motif in hnRNP G has previously been associated with Shashi syndrome, however involvement of other hnRNP G domains in intellectual disability remain unknown. In the current study, we present the underlying genetic and molecular cause of Gustavson syndrome. Gustavson syndrome was first reported in 1993 in a large Swedish five-generation family presented with profound X-linked intellectual disability and an early death. Extensive genomic analyses of the family revealed hemizygosity for a novel in-frame deletion in RBMX in affected individuals (NM_002139.4; c.484_486del, p.(Pro162del)). Carrier females were asymptomatic and presented with skewed X-chromosome inactivation, indicating silencing of the pathogenic allele. Affected individuals presented minor phenotypic overlap with Shashi syndrome, indicating a different disease-causing mechanism. Investigation of the variant effect in a neuronal cell line (SH-SY5Y) revealed differentially expressed genes enriched for transcription factors involved in RNA polymerase II transcription. Prediction tools and a fluorescence polarization assay imply a novel SH3-binding motif of hnRNP G, and potentially a reduced affinity to SH3 domains caused by the deletion. In conclusion, we present a novel in-frame deletion in RBMX segregating with Gustavson syndrome, leading to disturbed RNA polymerase II transcription, and potentially reduced SH3 binding. The results indicate that disruption of different protein domains affects the severity of RBMX-associated intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarah Lidéus
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carina Frykholm
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Gunnarsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Centre for Rare Diseases in South East Region of Sweden, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Filip Mihalic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sanna Gudmundsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Ekvall
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Maja Molin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mai Pham
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mauno Vihinen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC B13, Lund University, SE-22 184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Lagerstedt-Robinson
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Nordgren
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Jemth
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Annerén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Wilbe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Bondeson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Johansson J, Lidéus S, Höijer I, Ameur A, Gudmundsson S, Annerén G, Bondeson ML, Wilbe M. A novel quantitative targeted analysis of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) using nanopore sequencing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12856. [PMID: 37553382 PMCID: PMC10409790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) analyses often assist in diagnostics of X-linked traits, however accurate assessment remains challenging with current methods. We developed a novel strategy using amplification-free Cas9 enrichment and Oxford nanopore technologies sequencing called XCI-ONT, to investigate and rigorously quantify XCI in human androgen receptor gene (AR) and human X-linked retinitis pigmentosa 2 gene (RP2). XCI-ONT measures methylation over 116 CpGs in AR and 58 CpGs in RP2, and separate parental X-chromosomes without PCR bias. We show the usefulness of the XCI-ONT strategy over the PCR-based golden standard XCI technique that only investigates one or two CpGs per gene. The results highlight the limitations of using the golden standard technique when the XCI pattern is partially skewed and the advantages of XCI-ONT to rigorously quantify XCI. This study provides a universal XCI-method on DNA, which is highly valuable in clinical and research framework of X-linked traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarah Lidéus
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ida Höijer
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sanna Gudmundsson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Göran Annerén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Bondeson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Wilbe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 815, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Johansson J, Frykholm C, Ericson K, Kazamia K, Lindberg A, Mulaiese N, Falck G, Gustafsson P, Lidéus S, Gudmundsson S, Ameur A, Bondeson M, Wilbe M. Loss of Nexilin function leads to a recessive lethal fetal cardiomyopathy characterized by cardiomegaly and endocardial fibroelastosis. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1676-1687. [PMID: 35166435 PMCID: PMC9306924 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
| | - Carina Frykholm
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
| | - Katharina Ericson
- Department of Clinical Pathology Akademiska University Hospital Uppsala Sweden
| | - Kalliopi Kazamia
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
- Children's Heart Center Stockholm‐Uppsala Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Children’s Heart Center Stockholm‐Uppsala Akademiska University Hospital Uppsala Sweden
| | - Amanda Lindberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
| | - Nancy Mulaiese
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
| | - Geir Falck
- Department of Internal Medicine Bollnäs Hospital Bollnäs Sweden
| | | | - Sarah Lidéus
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sanna Gudmundsson
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Adam Ameur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
| | - Marie‐Louise Bondeson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
| | - Maria Wilbe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala Sweden
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Höijer I, Johansson J, Gudmundsson S, Chin CS, Bunikis I, Häggqvist S, Emmanouilidou A, Wilbe M, den Hoed M, Bondeson ML, Feuk L, Gyllensten U, Ameur A. Amplification-free long-read sequencing reveals unforeseen CRISPR-Cas9 off-target activity. Genome Biol 2020; 21:290. [PMID: 33261648 PMCID: PMC7706270 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One ongoing concern about CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing is that unspecific guide RNA (gRNA) binding may induce off-target mutations. However, accurate prediction of CRISPR-Cas9 off-target activity is challenging. Here, we present SMRT-OTS and Nano-OTS, two novel, amplification-free, long-read sequencing protocols for detection of gRNA-driven digestion of genomic DNA by Cas9 in vitro. RESULTS The methods are assessed using the human cell line HEK293, re-sequenced at 18x coverage using highly accurate HiFi SMRT reads. SMRT-OTS and Nano-OTS are first applied to three different gRNAs targeting HEK293 genomic DNA, resulting in a set of 55 high-confidence gRNA cleavage sites identified by both methods. Twenty-five of these sites are not reported by off-target prediction software, either because they contain four or more single nucleotide mismatches or insertion/deletion mismatches, as compared with the human reference. Additional experiments reveal that 85% of Cas9 cleavage sites are also found by other in vitro-based methods and that on- and off-target sites are detectable in gene bodies where short-reads fail to uniquely align. Even though SMRT-OTS and Nano-OTS identify several sites with previously validated off-target editing activity in cells, our own CRISPR-Cas9 editing experiments in human fibroblasts do not give rise to detectable off-target mutations at the in vitro-predicted sites. However, indel and structural variation events are enriched at the on-target sites. CONCLUSIONS Amplification-free long-read sequencing reveals Cas9 cleavage sites in vitro that would have been difficult to predict using computational tools, including in dark genomic regions inaccessible by short-read sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Höijer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josefin Johansson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sanna Gudmundsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Ignas Bunikis
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susana Häggqvist
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anastasia Emmanouilidou
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The Beijer laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Wilbe
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The Beijer laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Bondeson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Feuk
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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5
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Gudmundsson S, Wilbe M, Filipek-Górniok B, Molin AM, Ekvall S, Johansson J, Allalou A, Gylje H, Kalscheuer VM, Ledin J, Annerén G, Bondeson ML. TAF1, associated with intellectual disability in humans, is essential for embryogenesis and regulates neurodevelopmental processes in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10730. [PMID: 31341187 PMCID: PMC6656882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The TATA-box binding protein associated factor 1 (TAF1) protein is a key unit of the transcription factor II D complex that serves a vital function during transcription initiation. Variants of TAF1 have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, but TAF1's molecular functions remain elusive. In this study, we present a five-generation family affected with X-linked intellectual disability that co-segregated with a TAF1 c.3568C>T, p.(Arg1190Cys) variant. All affected males presented with intellectual disability and dysmorphic features, while heterozygous females were asymptomatic and had completely skewed X-chromosome inactivation. We investigated the role of TAF1 and its association to neurodevelopment by creating the first complete knockout model of the TAF1 orthologue in zebrafish. A crucial function of human TAF1 during embryogenesis can be inferred from the model, demonstrating that intact taf1 is essential for embryonic development. Transcriptome analysis of taf1 zebrafish knockout revealed enrichment for genes associated with neurodevelopmental processes. In conclusion, we propose that functional TAF1 is essential for embryonic development and specifically neurodevelopmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Gudmundsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, 751 08, Sweden.
| | - Maria Wilbe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, 751 08, Sweden
| | - Beata Filipek-Górniok
- Department of Organismal Biology, Genome Engineering Zebrafish, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden
| | - Anna-Maja Molin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, 751 08, Sweden
| | - Sara Ekvall
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, 751 08, Sweden
| | - Josefin Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, 751 08, Sweden
| | - Amin Allalou
- Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Sweden and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, 751 05, Sweden
| | - Hans Gylje
- Department of Paediatrics, Central Hospital, Västerås, 721 89, Sweden
| | - Vera M Kalscheuer
- Research Group Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 141 95, Germany
| | - Johan Ledin
- Department of Organismal Biology, Genome Engineering Zebrafish, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden
| | - Göran Annerén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, 751 08, Sweden.
| | - Marie-Louise Bondeson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, 751 08, Sweden.
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Gudmundsson S, Annerén G, Marcos-Alcalde Í, Wilbe M, Melin M, Gómez-Puertas P, Bondeson ML. A novel RAD21 p.(Gln592del) variant expands the clinical description of Cornelia de Lange syndrome type 4 - Review of the literature. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:103526. [PMID: 30125677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a heterogeneous developmental disorder where 70% of clinically diagnosed patients harbor a variant in one of five CdLS associated cohesin proteins. Around 500 variants have been identified to cause CdLS, however only eight different alterations have been identified in the RAD21 gene, encoding the RAD21 cohesin complex component protein that constitute the link between SMC1A and SMC3 within the cohesin ring. We report a 15-month-old boy presenting with developmental delay, distinct CdLS-like facial features, gastrointestinal reflux in early infancy, testis retention, prominent digit pads and diaphragmatic hernia. Exome sequencing revealed a novel RAD21 variant, c.1774_1776del, p.(Gln592del), suggestive of CdLS type 4. Segregation analysis of the two healthy parents confirmed the variant as de novo and bioinformatic analysis predicted the variant as disease-causing. Assessment by in silico structural model predicted that the p.Gln592del variant results in a discontinued contact between RAD21-Lys591 and the SMC1A residues Glu1191 and Glu1192, causing changes in the RAD21-SMC1A interface. In conclusion, we report a patient that expands the clinical description of CdLS type 4 and presents with a novel RAD21 p.(Glu592del) variant that causes a disturbed RAD21-SMC1A interface according to in silco structural modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Gudmundsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, 75108, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Göran Annerén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, 75108, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Íñigo Marcos-Alcalde
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Wilbe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, 75108, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Melin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, 75108, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Marie-Louise Bondeson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, 75108, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Stattin EL, Johansson J, Gudmundsson S, Ameur A, Lundberg S, Bondeson ML, Wilbe M. A novel ECEL1 mutation expands the phenotype of distal arthrogryposis multiplex congenita type 5D to include pretibial vertical skin creases. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:1405-1410. [PMID: 29663639 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by multiple joint contractures often in association with other congenital abnormalities. Pretibial linear vertical creases are a rare finding associated with arthrogryposis, and the etiology of the specific condition is unknown. We aimed to genetically and clinically characterize a boy from a consanguineous family, presenting with AMC and pretibial vertical linear creases on the shins. Whole exome sequencing and variant analysis revealed homozygous novel missense variants of ECEL1 (c.1163T > C, p.Leu388Pro, NM_004826) and MUSK (c.2572C > T, p.Arg858Cys, NM_005592). Both variants are predicted to have deleterious effects on the protein function, with amino acid positions highly conserved among species. The variants segregated in the family, with healthy mother, father, and sister being heterozygous carriers and the index patient being homozygous for both mutations. We report on a unique patient with a novel ECEL1 homozygous mutation, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of Distal AMC Type 5D to include vertical linear skin creases. The homozygous mutation in MUSK is of unknown clinical significance. MUSK mutations have previously shown to cause congenital myasthenic syndrome, a neuromuscular disorder with defects in the neuromuscular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Lena Stattin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josefin Johansson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sanna Gudmundsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Staffan Lundberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Bondeson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Wilbe
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Olsson KS, Wålinder O, Jansson U, Wilbe M, Bondeson ML, Stattin EL, Raha-Chowdhury R, Williams R. Common founder effects of hereditary hemochromatosis, Wilson´s disease, the long QT syndrome and autosomal recessive deafness caused by two novel mutations in the WHRN and TMC1 genes. Hereditas 2017; 154:16. [PMID: 29270100 PMCID: PMC5735936 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-017-0052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genealogy and molecular genetic studies of a Swedish river valley population resulted in a large pedigree, showing that the hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) HFE/p.C282Y mutation is inherited with other recessive disorders such as Wilson´s disease (WND), a rare recessive disorder of copper overload. The population also contain individuals with the Swedish long QT syndrome (LQTS1) founder mutation (KCNQ1/p.Y111C) which in homozygotes causes the Jervell & Lange Nielsen syndrome (JLNS) and hearing loss (HL). Aims of the study were to test whether the Swedish long QT founder mutation originated in an ancestral HFE family and if carriers had an increased risk for hemochromatosis (HH), a treatable disorder. We also aimed to identify the pathogenic mutation causing the hearing loss disorder segregating in the pedigree. Methods LQTS patients were asked about their ancestry and possible origin in a HH family. They were also offered a predictive testing for the HFE genotype. Church books were screened for families with hearing loss. One HH family had two members with hearing loss, who underwent molecular genetic analysis of the LQTS founder mutation, connexin 26 and thereafter exome sequencing. Another family with hearing loss in repeat generations was also analyzed for connexin 26 and underwent exome sequencing. Results Of nine LQTS patients studied, four carried a HFE mutation (two p.C282Y, two p.H63D), none was homozygous. Three LQTS patients confirmed origin in a female founder ( b 1694, identical to AJ b 1694, a HFE pedigree member from the Fax river. Her descent of 44 HH families, included also 29 families with hearing loss (HL) suggesting JLNS. Eleven LQTS probands confirmed origin in a second founder couple (b 1614/1605) in which the woman b 1605 was identical to a HFE pedigree member from the Fjällsjö river. In her descent there were not only 64 HH, six WND families, one JLNS, but also 48 hearing loss families. Most hearing loss was non syndromic and caused by founder effects of the late 16th century. One was of Swedish origin carrying the WHRN, c.1977delC, (p.S660Afs*30) mutation, the other was a TMC1(NM_138691),c.1814T>C,(p.L605P) mutation, possibly of Finnish origin. Conclusions Deep human HFE genealogies show HFE to be associated with other genetic disorders like Wilson´s disease, LQTS, JLNS, and autosomal recessive hearing loss. Two new homozygous HL mutations in WHRN/p.S660Afs*30 and TMC1/p.L605P were identified,none of them previously reported from Scandinavia. The rarity of JLNS was possibly caused by miscarriage or intrauterine death. Most hearing loss (81.7%) was seen after 1844 when first cousin marriages were permitted. However, only 10 (10.3%) came from 1st cousin unions and only 2 (2.0 %) was born out of wedlock. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41065-017-0052-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sigvard Olsson
- Section of Hematology and Coagulation, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, S 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Olof Wålinder
- Department of Medicine, Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Maria Wilbe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Bondeson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva-Lena Stattin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruma Raha-Chowdhury
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger Williams
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London,SE5 9NT and Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King´s College London, London, UK
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9
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Wilbe M, Gudmundsson S, Johansson J, Ameur A, Stattin EL, Annerén G, Malmgren H, Frykholm C, Bondeson ML. A novel approach using long-read sequencing and ddPCR to investigate gonadal mosaicism and estimate recurrence risk in two families with developmental disorders. Prenat Diagn 2017; 37:1146-1154. [PMID: 28921562 PMCID: PMC5725701 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective De novo mutations contribute significantly to severe early‐onset genetic disorders. Even if the mutation is apparently de novo, there is a recurrence risk due to parental germ line mosaicism, depending on in which gonadal generation the mutation occurred. Methods We demonstrate the power of using SMRT sequencing and ddPCR to determine parental origin and allele frequencies of de novo mutations in germ cells in two families whom had undergone assisted reproduction. Results In the first family, a TCOF1 variant c.3156C>T was identified in the proband with Treacher Collins syndrome. The variant affects splicing and was determined to be of paternal origin. It was present in <1% of the paternal germ cells, suggesting a very low recurrence risk. In the second family, the couple had undergone several unsuccessful pregnancies where a de novo mutation PTPN11 c.923A>C causing Noonan syndrome was identified. The variant was present in 40% of the paternal germ cells suggesting a high recurrence risk. Conclusions Our findings highlight a successful strategy to identify the parental origin of mutations and to investigate the recurrence risk in couples that have undergone assisted reproduction with an unknown donor or in couples with gonadal mosaicism that will undergo preimplantation genetic diagnosis. What's already known about this topic?
De novo mutations contribute significantly to severe early‐onset genetic disorders.
what does this study add?
A novel successful strategy to identify the parental origin of de novo mutations and to investigate the recurrence risk by SMRT sequencing and ddPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wilbe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sanna Gudmundsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josefin Johansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva-Lena Stattin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Annerén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Malmgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Frykholm
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Bondeson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Gudmundsson S, Wilbe M, Ekvall S, Ameur A, Cahill N, Alexandrov LB, Virtanen M, Hellström Pigg M, Vahlquist A, Törmä H, Bondeson ML. Revertant mosaicism repairs skin lesions in a patient with keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome by second-site mutations in connexin 26. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1070-1077. [PMID: 28158657 PMCID: PMC5409067 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Revertant mosaicism (RM) is a naturally occurring phenomenon where the pathogenic effect of a germline mutation is corrected by a second somatic event. Development of healthy-looking skin due to RM has been observed in patients with various inherited skin disorders, but not in connexin-related disease. We aimed to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms of suspected RM in the skin of a patient with keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome. The patient was diagnosed with KID syndrome due to characteristic skin lesions, hearing deficiency and keratitis. Investigation of GJB2 encoding connexin (Cx) 26 revealed heterozygosity for the recurrent de novo germline mutation, c.148G > A, p.Asp50Asn. At age 20, the patient developed spots of healthy-looking skin that grew in size and number within widespread erythrokeratodermic lesions. Ultra-deep sequencing of two healthy-looking skin biopsies identified five somatic nonsynonymous mutations, independently present in cis with the p.Asp50Asn mutation. Functional studies of Cx26 in HeLa cells revealed co-expression of Cx26-Asp50Asn and wild-type Cx26 in gap junction channel plaques. However, Cx26-Asp50Asn with the second-site mutations identified in the patient displayed no formation of gap junction channel plaques. We argue that the second-site mutations independently inhibit Cx26-Asp50Asn expression in gap junction channels, reverting the dominant negative effect of the p.Asp50Asn mutation. To our knowledge, this is the first time RM has been reported to result in the development of healthy-looking skin in a patient with KID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Gudmundsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Wilbe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Ekvall
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicola Cahill
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics (T-6), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA and
| | - Marie Virtanen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maritta Hellström Pigg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Vahlquist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Törmä
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Bondeson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Yusnizar Y, Wilbe M, Herlino AO, Sumantri C, Noor RR, Boediono A, Andersson L, Andersson G. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor mutations are associated with white-spotted coat color in swamp buffalo. Anim Genet 2015; 46:676-82. [PMID: 26417640 PMCID: PMC5054924 DOI: 10.1111/age.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A candidate gene analysis of the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) gene was used in an attempt to identify the genetic basis for a white‐spotted coat color phenotype in the Asian swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis carabanensis). Ninety‐three buffaloes—32 solid, 38 spotted and 23 white individuals—were Sanger‐sequenced for all MITF exons as well as highly conserved intronic and flanking regions. MITFcDNA representing skin and iris tissue from six spotted, nine solid and one white buffaloes was also Sanger‐sequenced to confirm detected mutations. Two independent loss‐of‐function mutations, a premature stop codon (c.328C>T, p.Arg110*) and a donor splice‐site mutation (c.840+2T>A, p.Glu281_Leu282Ins8), both of which cause white‐spotted coat color in swamp buffaloes, were identified. The nonsense mutation leads to a premature stop codon in exon 3, and likely removal of the resulting mRNA via nonsense‐mediated decay pathway, whereas the donor splice‐site mutation leads to aberrant splicing of exon 8 that encodes part of a highly conserved region of MITF. The resulting insertion of eight amino acid residues is expected to perturb the leucine zipper part in the basic helix‐loop‐helix leucine zipper (bHLH‐Zip) domain and will most likely influence dimerization and DNA binding capacity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was performed using mutant and wild‐type MITF proteins and showed that the mutant MITF protein resulting from the splice‐site mutation decreased in vitro DNA binding capacity compared to wild‐type MITF. White‐spotted buffalo bulls are sacrificed in funeral ceremonies in Tana Toraja, Indonesia, because they are considered holy, and our results show that genetic variation causes a tie to the cultural use of these buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yusnizar
- Graduate School, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), 16680, Bogor, Indonesia.,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.,Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute for Sciences (LIPI), 16912, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - M Wilbe
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 08, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A O Herlino
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Sumantri
- Department of Animal Productions and Technology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), 16680, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - R Rachman Noor
- Department of Animal Productions and Technology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), 16680, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - A Boediono
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), 16680, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - L Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Wilbe M, Kozyrev SV, Farias FHG, Bremer HD, Hedlund A, Pielberg GR, Seppälä EH, Gustafson U, Lohi H, Carlborg Ö, Andersson G, Hansson-Hamlin H, Lindblad-Toh K. Multiple Changes of Gene Expression and Function Reveal Genomic and Phenotypic Complexity in SLE-like Disease. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005248. [PMID: 26057447 PMCID: PMC4461293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of clinical manifestations commonly observed in autoimmune disorders poses a major challenge to genetic studies of such diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects humans as well as other mammals, and is characterized by the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in patients’ sera and multiple disparate clinical features. Here we present evidence that particular sub-phenotypes of canine SLE-related disease, based on homogenous (ANAH) and speckled ANA (ANAS) staining pattern, and also steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) are associated with different but overlapping sets of genes. In addition to association to certain MHC alleles and haplotypes, we identified 11 genes (WFDC3, HOMER2, VRK1, PTPN3, WHAMM, BANK1, AP3B2, DAPP1, LAMTOR3, DDIT4L and PPP3CA) located on five chromosomes that contain multiple risk haplotypes correlated with gene expression and disease sub-phenotypes in an intricate manner. Intriguingly, the association of BANK1 with both human and canine SLE appears to lead to similar changes in gene expression levels in both species. Our results suggest that molecular definition may help unravel the mechanisms of different clinical features common between and specific to various autoimmune disease phenotypes in dogs and humans. Autoimmune disorders display complex phenotypes with clinically diverse manifestations, which together with complex genetic inheritance and environmental factors triggering the disease may complicate the diagnosis and investigation of the disease mechanism. The use of dog breeds may facilitate the analysis of genetic factors based on genetic homogeneity within a breed. We performed genetic analysis of two diseases common in dogs, immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) and steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) that are similar to human SLE and a group of vasulitides such as Kawasaki disease, Henoch-Schönlein purpura and Behçet’s disease, correspondingly. We identified eleven genes along with specific alleles and genotypes for the major histocompatibility complex II involved in susceptibility, and studied their expression. The genes shared between the two diseases may be involved in the common immune signaling pathways and hence account for the common clinical signs, whereas the phenotype-specific genes may be implicated in particular pathways active in certain tissues and organs, and thereby may be responsible for characteristic manifestations seen only in one of the diseases. Further, the similarity between human and dog SLE at the genetic and functional levels demonstrated by the association of the BANK1 gene in both species indicates the common cross-species mechanisms of autoimmunity and may help identification of novel disease genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wilbe
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sergey V. Kozyrev
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabiana H. G. Farias
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna D. Bremer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Hedlund
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerli R. Pielberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eija H. Seppälä
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulla Gustafson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Örjan Carlborg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Computational Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helene Hansson-Hamlin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (HHH); (KLT)
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HHH); (KLT)
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13
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Wilbe M, Ekvall S, Eurenius K, Ericson K, Casar-Borota O, Klar J, Dahl N, Ameur A, Annerén G, Bondeson ML. MuSK: a new target for lethal fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS). J Med Genet 2015; 52:195-202. [PMID: 25612909 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal akinesia deformation sequence syndrome (FADS, OMIM 208150) is characterised by decreased fetal movement (fetal akinesia) as well as intrauterine growth restriction, arthrogryposis, and developmental anomalies (eg, cystic hygroma, pulmonary hypoplasia, cleft palate, and cryptorchidism). Mutations in components of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) pathway have previously been associated with FADS. METHODS AND RESULTS We report on a family with recurrent fetal loss, where the parents had five affected fetuses/children with FADS and one healthy child. The fetuses displayed no fetal movements from the gestational age of 17 weeks, extended knee joints, flexed hips and elbows, and clenched hands. Whole exome sequencing of one affected fetus and the parents was performed. A novel homozygous frameshift mutation was identified in muscle, skeletal receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK), c.40dupA, which segregated with FADS in the family. Haplotype analysis revealed a conserved haplotype block suggesting a founder mutation. MuSK (muscle-specific tyrosine kinase receptor), a component of the AChR pathway, is a main regulator of neuromuscular junction formation and maintenance. Missense mutations in MuSK have previously been reported to cause congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) associated with AChR deficiency. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that a mutation in MuSK is associated with FADS. The results support previous findings that CMS and/or FADS are caused by complete or severe functional disruption of components located in the AChR pathway. We propose that whereas milder mutations of MuSK will cause a CMS phenotype, a complete loss is lethal and will cause FADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wilbe
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Ekvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Eurenius
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katharina Ericson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Pathology and Cytology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olivera Casar-Borota
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Pathology and Cytology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joakim Klar
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Dahl
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Annerén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Bondeson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Andersson LS, Wilbe M, Viluma A, Cothran G, Ekesten B, Ewart S, Lindgren G. Equine multiple congenital ocular anomalies and silver coat colour result from the pleiotropic effects of mutant PMEL. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75639. [PMID: 24086599 PMCID: PMC3781063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine Multiple Congenital Ocular Anomalies (MCOA) syndrome is a heritable eye disorder mainly affecting silver colored horses. Clinically, the disease manifests in two distinct classes depending on the horse genotype. Horses homozygous for the mutant allele present with a wide range of ocular defects, such as iris stromal hypoplasia, abnormal pectinate ligaments, megaloglobus, iridociliary cysts and cataracts. The phenotype of heterozygous horses is less severe and predominantly includes iridociliary cysts, which occasionally extend into the temporal retina. In order to determine the genetic cause of MCOA syndrome we sequenced the entire previously characterized 208 kilobase region on chromosome 6 in ten individuals; five MCOA affected horses from three different breeds, one horse with the intermediate Cyst phenotype and four unaffected controls from two different breeds. This was performed using Illumina TruSeq technology with paired-end reads. Through the systematic exclusion of all polymorphisms barring two SNPs in PMEL, a missense mutation previously reported to be associated with the silver coat colour and a non-conserved intronic SNP, we establish that this gene is responsible for MCOA syndrome. Our finding, together with recent advances that show aberrant protein function due to the coding mutation, suggests that the missense mutation is causative and has pleiotrophic effect, causing both the horse silver coat color and MCOA syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S. Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Wilbe
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agnese Viluma
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gus Cothran
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Björn Ekesten
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susan Ewart
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gabriella Lindgren
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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15
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Wilbe M, Andersson G. MHC class II is an important genetic risk factor for canine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-related disease: implications for reproductive success. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 1:27-30. [PMID: 22212209 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes are important genetic risk factors for development of immune-mediated diseases in mammals. Recently, the dog (Canis lupus familiaris) has emerged as a useful model organism to identify critical MHC class II genotypes that contribute to development of these diseases. Therefore, a study aimed to evaluate a potential genetic association between the dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) class II region and an immune-mediated disease complex in dogs of the Nova Scotia duck tolling retriever breed was performed. We show that DLA is one of several genetic risk factors for this disease complex and that homozygosity of the risk haplotype is disadvantageous. Importantly, the disease is complex and has many genetic risk factors and therefore we cannot provide recommendations for breeders exclusively on the basis of genetic testing for DLA class II genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wilbe
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, BMC, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Wilbe M, Ziener ML, Aronsson A, Harlos C, Sundberg K, Norberg E, Andersson L, Lindblad-Toh K, Hedhammar Å, Andersson G, Lingaas F. DLA class II alleles are associated with risk for canine symmetrical lupoid onychodystrophy [corrected](SLO). PLoS One 2010; 5:e12332. [PMID: 20808798 PMCID: PMC2925901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Symmetrical lupoid onychodystrophy (SLO) is an immune-mediated disease in dogs affecting the claws with a suggested autoimmune aethiology. Sequence-based genotyping of the polymorphic exon 2 from DLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 class II loci were performed in a total of 98 SLO Gordon setter cases and 98 healthy controls. A risk haplotype (DRB1*01801/DQA1*00101/DQB1*00802) was present in 53% of cases and 34% of controls and conferred an elevated risk of developing SLO with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.1. When dogs homozygous for the risk haplotype were compared to all dogs not carrying the haplotype the OR was 5.4. However, a stronger protective haplotype (DRB1*02001/DQA1*00401/DQB1*01303, OR = 0.03, 1/OR = 33) was present in 16.8% of controls, but only in a single case (0.5%). The effect of the protective haplotype was clearly stronger than the risk haplotype, since 11.2% of the controls were heterozygous for the risk and protective haplotypes, whereas this combination was absent from cases. When the dogs with the protective haplotype were excluded, an OR of 2.5 was obtained when dogs homozygous for the risk haplotype were compared to those heterozygous for the risk haplotype, suggesting a co-dominant effect of the risk haplotype. In smaller sample sizes of the bearded collie and giant schnauzer breeds we found the same or similar haplotypes, sharing the same DQA1 allele, over-represented among the cases suggesting that the risk is associated primarily with DLA-DQ. We obtained conclusive results that DLA class II is significantly associated with risk of developing SLO in Gordon setters, thus supporting that SLO is an immune-mediated disease. Further studies of SLO in dogs may provide important insight into immune privilege of the nail apparatus and also knowledge about a number of inflammatory disorders of the nail apparatus like lichen planus, psoriasis, alopecia areata and onycholysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wilbe
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Biomedical Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anita Aronsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Harlos
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Biomedical Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katarina Sundberg
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Biomedical Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elin Norberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Biomedical Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Åke Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Biomedical Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frode Lingaas
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Wilbe M, Sundberg K, Hansen IR, Strandberg E, Nachreiner RF, Hedhammar A, Kennedy LJ, Andersson G, Björnerfeldt S. Increased genetic risk or protection for canine autoimmune lymphocytic thyroiditis in Giant Schnauzers depends on DLA class II genotype. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 75:712-9. [PMID: 20210920 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dogs represent an excellent comparative model for autoimmune thyroiditis as several dog breeds develop canine lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT), which is clinically similar to Hashimoto's thyroiditis in human. We obtained evidence that dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) class II genotype function as either genetic risk factor that predisposes for CLT or as protective factor against the disease. Genetic diversity at their DLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 loci were defined and potential association to major histocompatibility complex II haplotypes and alleles was analyzed. Giant Schnauzers carrying the DLA-DRB1*01201/DQA1*00101/DQB1*00201 haplotype showed an increased risk (odds ratio of 6.5) for developing CLT. The same risk haplotype has, to date, been observed in three different breeds affected by this disease, Giant Schnauzer, Dobermann, and Labrador Retriever, indicating that it is a common genetic risk factor in a variety of breeds affected by this disease. Importantly, protection for development of the disease was found in dogs carrying the DLA-DRB1*01301/DQA1*00301/DQB1*00501 haplotype (odds ratio of 0.3).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wilbe
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Wilbe M, Jokinen P, Hermanrud C, Kennedy LJ, Strandberg E, Hansson-Hamlin H, Lohi H, Andersson G. MHC class II polymorphism is associated with a canine SLE-related disease complex. Immunogenetics 2009; 61:557-64. [PMID: 19636550 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-009-0387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers are predisposed to a SLE-related disease complex including immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) and steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA). IMRD involves symptoms that resemble those seen in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE, or SLE-related diseases, in humans. This disease complex involves persistent lameness, stiffness, mainly after resting, and palpable pain from several joints of extremities. The majority of affected dogs display antinuclear autoantibody (ANA)-reactivity. SRMA is manifested in young dogs with high fever and neck stiffness and can be treated with corticosteroids. We have investigated the possible role of MHC class II as a genetic risk factor in IMRD and SRMA etiology. We performed sequence-based typing of the DLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1 class II loci in a total of 176 dogs including 51 IMRD (33 ANA-positive), 49 SRMA cases, and 78 healthy controls (two dogs were both IMRD- and SRMA-affected). Homozygosity for the risk haplotype DRB1*00601/DQA1*005011/DQB1*02001 increased the risk for IMRD (OR = 4.9; ANA-positive IMRD: OR = 7.2) compared with all other genotypes. There was a general heterozygote advantage, homozygotes had OR = 4.4 (ANA-positive IMRD: OR = 8.9) compared with all heterozygotes. The risk haplotype contains the five amino acid epitope RARAA, known as the shared epitope for rheumatoid arthritis. No association was observed for SRMA. We conclude that DLA class II is a highly significant genetic risk factor for ANA-positive IMRD. The results indicate narrow diversity of DLA II haplotypes and identify an IMRD-related risk haplotype, which becomes highly significant in homozygous dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wilbe
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, BMC, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 597, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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