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Tidén S, Abenayake H, Löfstrand J, Jansson U, Sahlberg M. Crack reduction in laser powder bed fusion of MnAl(C) using graphene oxide coated powders. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1142. [PMID: 38212350 PMCID: PMC10784453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
MnAl(C) is a promising candidate as a rare earth free magnet. When processing MnAl(C) in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) the high cooling rates can retain the high temperature ε-phase which can then be annealed at low temperatures to yield the ferromagnetic τ-phase. However, MnAl(C) has been shown to be difficult to print using L-PBF and the material is prone to severe cracking. In this study, we have investigated how the addition of a graphene oxide (GO) coating on the powders can affect the processability of MnAl(C) and properties of the printed parts. MnAl(C) powders were coated with 0.2 wt.% GO using a wet-chemical process. The addition of GO reduced crack formation in the printed parts, and also influenced the degree of [Formula: see text] texture along the build direction. After printing, densities of 93% and 87% could be achieved for the reference and 0.2 wt.% GO, respectively. Furthermore, a 35% reduction of cracking was calculated from image analysis, comparing printed samples produced from coated and non-coated powders. Both powders formed mostly the ε-phase but some two-phase regions with a mix of γ- and ε-phase could be observed in the as-printed parts, but seemed to be more prominent in the uncoated reference samples and could also be linked to cracks. The τ-phase together with smaller amounts of secondary phases was obtained after heat treatment at 560 °C for 5 min for both samples. Vibrating sample magnetometry was used to measure the magnetic properties, the reference had a remanence of 33 Am2/kg and a coercivity of 139 kA/m, and the 0.2 wt.% GO sample showed a similar remanence of 30 Am2/kg and coercivity of 130 kA/m. These results show that GO coating is a viable method to reduce detrimental cracking in L-PBF MnAl without reducing the magnetic performance of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Tidén
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Himesha Abenayake
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julia Löfstrand
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Sahlberg
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, 751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
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Tidén S, Taher M, Vennström M, Jansson U. Additive Manufacturing of Cu Using Graphene-Oxide-Treated Powder. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5216. [PMID: 37569920 PMCID: PMC10419589 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of Cu is interesting for many applications where high thermal and electric conductivity are required. A problem with printing of Cu with a laser-based process is the high reflectance of the powder for near-infrared wavelengths making it difficult to print components with a high density. In this study, we have investigated laser bed fusion (L-PBF) of Cu using graphene oxide (GO)-coated powder. The powder particles were coated in a simple wet-chemical process using electrostatic attractions between the GO and the powder surface. The coated powder exhibited a reduced reflectivity, which improved the printability and increased the densities from ~90% for uncoated powder to 99.8% using 0.1 wt% GO and a laser power of 500 W. The coated Cu powders showed a tendency for balling using laser powers below 400 W, and increasing the GO concentration from 0.1 to 0.3 wt.% showed an increase in spattering and reduced density. Graphene-like sheet structures could be observed in the printed parts using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Carbon-filled inclusions with sizes ranging from 10-200 nm could also be observed in the printed parts using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The GO treatment yielded parts with higher hardness (75.7 HV) and electrical conductivity (77.8% IACS) compared to the parts printed with reference Cu powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Tidén
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Mamoun Taher
- Graphmatech AB, Mältargatan 17, SE-753 18 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden;
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Goetz IK, Pacheco V, Hassila CJ, Jansson U, Schneider JM, Hans M. Convective Flow Redistribution of Oxygen by Laser Melting of a Zr-Based Amorphous Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16114113. [PMID: 37297246 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen impurities play a crucial role in the glass-forming ability and crystallisation behaviour of metallic glasses. In the present work, single laser tracks were produced on Zr59.3-xCu28.8 Al10.4Nb1.5Ox substrates (x = 0.3, 1.3) to study the redistribution of oxygen in the melt pool under laser melting, which provides the basis for laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. Since such substrates are commercially not available, they were fabricated by arc melting and splat quenching. X-ray diffraction revealed that the substrate with 0.3 at.% oxygen was X-ray amorphous, while the substrate with 1.3 at.% oxygen was partially crystalline. Hence, it is evident that the oxygen content affects the crystallisation kinetics. Subsequently, single laser tracks were produced on the surface of these substrates, and the melt pools attained from the laser processing were characterised by atom probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy. Surface oxidation and subsequent convective flow redistribution of oxygen by laser melting were identified as causes of the presence of CuOx and crystalline ZrO nanoparticles in the melt pool. Bands of ZrO likely originate from surface oxides that were moved deeper into the melt pool by convective flow. The findings presented here highlight the influence of oxygen redistribution from the surface into the melt pool during laser processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga K Goetz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Materials Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
- Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Victor Pacheco
- Department of Chemistry-Angström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl J Hassila
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, SE-75103 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Chemistry-Angström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jochen M Schneider
- Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus Hans
- Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Furlan A, Lu J, Hultman L, Jansson U, Magnuson M. Corrigendum: Crystallization characteristics and chemical bonding properties of nickel carbide thin film nanocomposites ( J. Phys.: Condens. Matter26 415501). J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35:139501. [PMID: 36727451 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acb580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Furlan
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jun Lu
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lars Hultman
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Magnuson
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
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Paschalidou EM, Lindblad R, Medina LZ, Karlsson D, Jansson U, Nyholm L. Corrosion studies on multicomponent CoCrFeMnNi(C) thin films in acidic environments. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Malinovskis P, Fritze S, Palisaitis J, Lewin E, Patscheider J, Persson POÅ, Jansson U. Synthesis and Characterisation of Nanocomposite Mo-Fe-B Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14071739. [PMID: 33916188 PMCID: PMC8037313 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several ternary phases are known in the Mo-Fe-B system. Previous ab initio calculations have predicted that they should exhibit a tempting mix of mechanical and magnetic properties. In this study, we have deposited Mo-Fe-B films with a Fe-content varying from 0–37 at.% using non-reactive DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering. The phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and nanoindentation measurements. Films deposited at 300 °C and with >7 at.% Fe are nanocomposites consisting of two amorphous phases: a metal-rich phase and a metal-deficient phase. Hardness and elastic modulus were reduced with increasing Fe-content from ~29 to ~19 GPa and ~526 to ~353 GPa, respectively. These values result in H3/E2 ratios of 0.089–0.052 GPa, thereby indicating brittle behaviour of the films. Also, no indication of crystalline ternary phases was observed at temperatures up to 600 °C, suggesting that higher temperatures are required for such films to form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Malinovskis
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.F.); (E.L.); (U.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefan Fritze
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.F.); (E.L.); (U.J.)
| | - Justinas Palisaitis
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Thin Film Physics Division, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; (J.P.); (P.O.Å.P.)
| | - Erik Lewin
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.F.); (E.L.); (U.J.)
| | | | - Per O. Å. Persson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Thin Film Physics Division, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; (J.P.); (P.O.Å.P.)
| | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.F.); (E.L.); (U.J.)
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Bragde HG, Jansson U, Fredrikson M, Grodzinsky E, Söderman J. Characterisation of gene and pathway expression in stabilised blood from children with coeliac disease. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2020; 7:bmjgast-2020-000536. [PMID: 33323471 PMCID: PMC7745333 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A coeliac disease (CD) diagnosis is likely in children with levels of tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (anti-TG2) >10 times the upper reference value, whereas children with lower anti-TG2 levels need an intestinal biopsy to confirm or rule out CD. A blood sample is easier to obtain than an intestinal biopsy sample, and stabilised blood is suitable for routine diagnostics because transcript levels are preserved at sampling. Therefore, we investigated gene expression in stabilised whole blood to explore the possibility of gene expression-based diagnostics for the diagnosis and follow-up of CD. Design We performed RNA sequencing of stabilised whole blood from active CD cases (n=10), non-CD cases (n=10), and treated CD cases on a gluten-free diet (n=10) to identify diagnostic CD biomarkers and pathways involved in CD pathogenesis. Results No single gene was differentially expressed between the sample groups. However, by using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), significantly differentially expressed pathways were identified in active CD, and these pathways involved the inflammatory response, negative regulation of viral replication, translation, as well as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival. The results indicate that there are differences in pathway regulation in CD, which could be used for diagnostic purposes. Comparison between GSEA results based on stabilised blood with GSEA results based on small intestinal biopsies revealed that type I interferon response, defence response to virus, and negative regulation of viral replication were identified as pathways common to both tissues. Conclusions Stabilised whole blood is not a suitable sample for clinical diagnostics of CD based on single genes. However, diagnostics based on a pathway-focused gene expression panel may be feasible, but requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Gustafsson Bragde
- Laboratory Medicine, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden .,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Paediatrics, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Fredrikson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ewa Grodzinsky
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Söderman
- Laboratory Medicine, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Shinde D, Fritze S, Thuvander M, Malinovskis P, Riekehr L, Jansson U, Stiller K. Elemental Distribution in CrNbTaTiW-C High Entropy Alloy Thin Films. Microsc Microanal 2019; 25:489-500. [PMID: 30712522 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618016264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure and distribution of the elements have been studied in thin films of a near-equimolar CrNbTaTiW high entropy alloy (HEA) and films with 8 at.% carbon added to the alloy. The films were deposited by magnetron sputtering at 300°C. X-ray diffraction shows that the near-equimolar metallic film crystallizes in a single-phase body centered cubic (bcc) structure with a strong (110) texture. However, more detailed analyses with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT) show a strong segregation of Ti to the grain boundaries forming a very thin Ti-Cr rich interfacial layer. The effect can be explained by the large negative formation enthalpy of Ti-Cr compounds and shows that CrNbTaTiW is not a true HEA at lower temperatures. The addition of 8 at.% carbon leads to the formation of an amorphous structure, which can be explained by the limited solubility of carbon in bcc alloys. TEM energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that all metallic elements are randomly distributed in the film. The APT investigation, however, revealed that carbide-like clusters are present in the amorphous film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deodatta Shinde
- Department of Physics,Chalmers University of Technology,SE-412 96 Göteborg,Sweden
| | - Stefan Fritze
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström,Uppsala University,SE-751 21 Uppsala,Sweden
| | - Mattias Thuvander
- Department of Physics,Chalmers University of Technology,SE-412 96 Göteborg,Sweden
| | - Paulius Malinovskis
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström,Uppsala University,SE-751 21 Uppsala,Sweden
| | - Lars Riekehr
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström,Uppsala University,SE-751 21 Uppsala,Sweden
| | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström,Uppsala University,SE-751 21 Uppsala,Sweden
| | - Krystyna Stiller
- Department of Physics,Chalmers University of Technology,SE-412 96 Göteborg,Sweden
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Pacheco V, Lindwall G, Karlsson D, Cedervall J, Fritze S, Ek G, Berastegui P, Sahlberg M, Jansson U. Thermal Stability of the HfNbTiVZr High-Entropy Alloy. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:811-820. [PMID: 30525533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The multicomponent alloy HfNbTiVZr has been described as a single-phase high-entropy alloy (HEA) in the literature, although some authors have reported that additional phases can form during annealing. The thermal stability of this alloy has therefore been investigated with a combination of experimental annealing studies and thermodynamic calculations using the CALPHAD approach. The thermodynamic calculations show that a single-phase HEA is stable above about 830 °C. At lower temperatures, the most stable state is a phase mixture of bcc, hcp, and a cubic C15 Laves phase. Annealing experiments followed by quenching confirm the results from thermodynamic calculations with the exception of the Laves phase structure, which was identified as a hexagonal C14 type instead of the cubic C15 type. Limitations of the applied CALPHAD thermodynamic description of the system could be an explanation for this discrepancy. As-synthesized HfNbTiVZr alloys prepared by arc-melting form a single-phase bcc HEA at room temperature. In situ annealing studies of this alloy show that additional phases start to form above 600 °C. This indicates that the observed HEA is metastable at room temperature and stabilized by a slow kinetics during cooling. X-ray diffraction analyses using different cooling rates and annealing times show that the phase transformations in this HEA are slow and that completely different phase compositions can be obtained depending on the annealing procedure. In addition, it has been shown that the sample preparation method (mortar grinding, heat treatment, etc.) has a significant influence on the collected diffraction patterns and therefore on the phase identification and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pacheco
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523, Uppsala SE-75120 , Sweden
| | - Greta Lindwall
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm SE-10044 , Sweden
| | - Dennis Karlsson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523, Uppsala SE-75120 , Sweden
| | - Johan Cedervall
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523, Uppsala SE-75120 , Sweden
| | - Stefan Fritze
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523, Uppsala SE-75120 , Sweden
| | - Gustav Ek
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523, Uppsala SE-75120 , Sweden
| | - Pedro Berastegui
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523, Uppsala SE-75120 , Sweden
| | - Martin Sahlberg
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523, Uppsala SE-75120 , Sweden
| | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory , Uppsala University , Box 523, Uppsala SE-75120 , Sweden
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Karlsson D, Ek G, Cedervall J, Zlotea C, Møller KT, Hansen TC, Bednarčík J, Paskevicius M, Sørby MH, Jensen TR, Jansson U, Sahlberg M. Structure and Hydrogenation Properties of a HfNbTiVZr High-Entropy Alloy. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2103-2110. [PMID: 29389120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A high-entropy alloy (HEA) of HfNbTiVZr was synthesized using an arc furnace followed by ball milling. The hydrogen absorption mechanism was studied by in situ X-ray diffraction at different temperatures and by in situ and ex situ neutron diffraction experiments. The body centered cubic (BCC) metal phase undergoes a phase transformation to a body centered tetragonal (BCT) hydride phase with hydrogen occupying both tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial sites in the structure. Hydrogen cycling of the alloy at 500 °C is stable. The large lattice strain in the HEA seems favorable for absorption in both octahedral and tetrahedral sites. HEAs therefore have potential as hydrogen storage materials because of favorable absorption in all interstitial sites within the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Karlsson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustav Ek
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Cedervall
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Zlotea
- Université Paris Est, Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (UMR7182), CNRS, UPEC , 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, F-94320 Thiais, France
| | - Kasper Trans Møller
- Center for Materials Crystallography, iNANO, and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jozef Bednarčík
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Photon Science, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark Paskevicius
- Center for Materials Crystallography, iNANO, and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Magnus Helgerud Sørby
- Institute for Energy Technology , Physics Department, P.O. Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Torben René Jensen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, iNANO, and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Sahlberg
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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Olsson KS, Wålinder O, Jansson U, Wilbe M, Bondeson ML, Stattin EL, Raha-Chowdhury R, Williams R. Common founder effects of hereditary hemochromatosis, Wilson´s disease, the long QT syndrome and autosomal recessive deafness caused by two novel mutations in the WHRN and TMC1 genes. Hereditas 2017; 154:16. [PMID: 29270100 PMCID: PMC5735936 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-017-0052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genealogy and molecular genetic studies of a Swedish river valley population resulted in a large pedigree, showing that the hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) HFE/p.C282Y mutation is inherited with other recessive disorders such as Wilson´s disease (WND), a rare recessive disorder of copper overload. The population also contain individuals with the Swedish long QT syndrome (LQTS1) founder mutation (KCNQ1/p.Y111C) which in homozygotes causes the Jervell & Lange Nielsen syndrome (JLNS) and hearing loss (HL). Aims of the study were to test whether the Swedish long QT founder mutation originated in an ancestral HFE family and if carriers had an increased risk for hemochromatosis (HH), a treatable disorder. We also aimed to identify the pathogenic mutation causing the hearing loss disorder segregating in the pedigree. Methods LQTS patients were asked about their ancestry and possible origin in a HH family. They were also offered a predictive testing for the HFE genotype. Church books were screened for families with hearing loss. One HH family had two members with hearing loss, who underwent molecular genetic analysis of the LQTS founder mutation, connexin 26 and thereafter exome sequencing. Another family with hearing loss in repeat generations was also analyzed for connexin 26 and underwent exome sequencing. Results Of nine LQTS patients studied, four carried a HFE mutation (two p.C282Y, two p.H63D), none was homozygous. Three LQTS patients confirmed origin in a female founder ( b 1694, identical to AJ b 1694, a HFE pedigree member from the Fax river. Her descent of 44 HH families, included also 29 families with hearing loss (HL) suggesting JLNS. Eleven LQTS probands confirmed origin in a second founder couple (b 1614/1605) in which the woman b 1605 was identical to a HFE pedigree member from the Fjällsjö river. In her descent there were not only 64 HH, six WND families, one JLNS, but also 48 hearing loss families. Most hearing loss was non syndromic and caused by founder effects of the late 16th century. One was of Swedish origin carrying the WHRN, c.1977delC, (p.S660Afs*30) mutation, the other was a TMC1(NM_138691),c.1814T>C,(p.L605P) mutation, possibly of Finnish origin. Conclusions Deep human HFE genealogies show HFE to be associated with other genetic disorders like Wilson´s disease, LQTS, JLNS, and autosomal recessive hearing loss. Two new homozygous HL mutations in WHRN/p.S660Afs*30 and TMC1/p.L605P were identified,none of them previously reported from Scandinavia. The rarity of JLNS was possibly caused by miscarriage or intrauterine death. Most hearing loss (81.7%) was seen after 1844 when first cousin marriages were permitted. However, only 10 (10.3%) came from 1st cousin unions and only 2 (2.0 %) was born out of wedlock. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41065-017-0052-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sigvard Olsson
- Section of Hematology and Coagulation, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, S 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Olof Wålinder
- Department of Medicine, Östersund Hospital, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Maria Wilbe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Bondeson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva-Lena Stattin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruma Raha-Chowdhury
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger Williams
- Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London,SE5 9NT and Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King´s College London, London, UK
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Kádas K, Iuşan D, Hellsvik J, Cedervall J, Berastegui P, Sahlberg M, Jansson U, Eriksson O. AlM 2B 2 (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni): a group of nanolaminated materials. J Phys Condens Matter 2017; 29:155402. [PMID: 28192279 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa602a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Combining theory with experiments, we study the phase stability, elastic properties, electronic structure and hardness of layered ternary borides AlCr2B2, AlMn2B2, AlFe2B2, AlCo2B2, and AlNi2B2. We find that the first three borides of this series are stable phases, while AlCo2B2 and AlNi2B2 are metastable. We show that the elasticity increases in the boride series, and predict that AlCr2B2, AlMn2B2, and AlFe2B2 are more brittle, while AlCo2B2 and AlNi2B2 are more ductile. We propose that the elasticity of AlFe2B2 can be improved by alloying it with cobalt or nickel, or a combination of them. We present evidence that these ternary borides represent nanolaminated systems. Based on SEM measurements, we demonstrate that they exhibit the delamination phenomena, which leads to a reduced hardness compared to transition metal mono- and diborides. We discuss the background of delamination by analyzing chemical bonding and theoretical work of separation in these borides.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kádas
- Division of Materials Theory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Mao F, Taher M, Kryshtal O, Kruk A, Czyrska-Filemonowicz A, Ottosson M, Andersson AM, Wiklund U, Jansson U. Correction to Combinatorial Study of Gradient Ag-Al Thin Films: Microstructure, Phase Formation, Mechanical and Electrical Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:6653. [PMID: 28177607 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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14
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Nygren K, Folkenant M, Jansson U, Nyholm L. Influence of Nanoeffects on the Oxidation of Cr-C/Ag Thin Films Containing Silver Nanoparticles. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Nygren
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Box 538 SE-751 21 Uppsala Sweden
- Impact Coatings AB; Westmansgatan 29 SE-582 16 Linköping Sweden
| | - Matilda Folkenant
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Box 538 SE-751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Box 538 SE-751 21 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory; Uppsala University; Box 538 SE-751 21 Uppsala Sweden
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15
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Abstract
Metal hydrides (MHx) provide a promising solution for the requirement to store large amounts of hydrogen in a future hydrogen-based energy system. This requires the design of alloys which allow for a very high H/M ratio. Transition metal hydrides typically have a maximum H/M ratio of 2 and higher ratios can only be obtained in alloys based on rare-earth elements. In this study we demonstrate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, that a high entropy alloy of TiVZrNbHf can absorb much higher amounts of hydrogen than its constituents and reach an H/M ratio of 2.5. We propose that the large hydrogen-storage capacity is due to the lattice strain in the alloy that makes it favourable to absorb hydrogen in both tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial sites. This observation suggests that high entropy alloys have future potential for use as hydrogen storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sahlberg
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dennis Karlsson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Zlotea
- Université Paris Est, Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux de Paris-Est, (UMR7182), CNRS-UPEC, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, F-94320 Thiais, France
| | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Mao F, Taher M, Kryshtal O, Kruk A, Czyrska-Filemonowicz A, Ottosson M, Andersson AM, Wiklund U, Jansson U. Combinatorial Study of Gradient Ag-Al Thin Films: Microstructure, Phase Formation, Mechanical and Electrical Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:30635-30643. [PMID: 27750408 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A combinatorial approach is applied to rapidly deposit and screen Ag-Al thin films to evaluate the mechanical, tribological, and electrical properties as a function of chemical composition. Ag-Al thin films with large continuous composition gradients (6-60 atom % Al) were deposited by a custom-designed combinatorial magnetron sputtering system. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nanoindentation, and four-point electrical resistance screening were employed to characterize the chemical composition, structure, and physical properties of the films in a time-efficient way. For low Al contents (<13 atom %), a highly (111)-textured fcc phase was formed. At higher Al contents, a (002)-textured hcp solid solution phase was formed followed by a fcc phase in the most Al-rich regions. No indication of a μ phase was observed. The Ag-Al films with fcc-Ag matrix is prone to adhesive material transfer leading to a high friction coefficient (>1) and adhesive wear, similar to the behavior of pure Ag. In contrast, the hexagonal solid solution phase (from ca. 15 atom %Al) exhibited dramatically reduced friction coefficients (about 15% of that of the fcc phase) and dramatically reduced adhesive wear when tested against the pure Ag counter surface. The increase in contact resistance of the Ag-Al films is limited to only 50% higher than a pure Ag reference sample at the low friction and low wear region (19-27 atom %). This suggests that a hcp Ag-Al alloy can have a potential use in sliding electrical contact applications and in the future will replace pure Ag in specific electromechanical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Mao
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , PO Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mamoun Taher
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , PO Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oleksandr Kryshtal
- AGH University of Science and Technology , International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science and Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Kruk
- AGH University of Science and Technology , International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science and Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czyrska-Filemonowicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology , International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science and Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mikael Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , PO Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Urban Wiklund
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , PO Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , PO Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Dahlqvist M, Jansson U, Rosen J. Influence of boron vacancies on phase stability, bonding and structure of MB₂ (M = Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W) with AlB₂ type structure. J Phys Condens Matter 2015; 27:435702. [PMID: 26445165 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/43/435702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal diborides in hexagonal AlB2 type structure typically form stable MB2 phases for group IV elements (M = Ti, Zr, Hf). For group V (M = V, Nb, Ta) and group VI (M = Cr, Mo, W) the stability is reduced and an alternative hexagonal rhombohedral MB2 structure becomes more stable. In this work we investigate the effect of vacancies on the B-site in hexagonal MB2 and its influence on the phase stability and the structure for TiB2, ZrB2, HfB2, VB2, NbB2, TaB2, CrB2, MoB2, and WB2 using first-principles calculations. Selected phases are also analyzed with respect to electronic and bonding properties. We identify trends showing that MB2 with M from group V and IV are stabilized when introducing B-vacancies, consistent with a decrease in the number of states at the Fermi level and by strengthening of the B-M interaction. The stabilization upon vacancy formation also increases when going from M in period 4 to period 6. For TiB2, ZrB2, and HfB2, introduction of B-vacancies have a destabilizing effect due to occupation of B-B antibonding orbitals close to the Fermi level and an increase in states at the Fermi level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dahlqvist
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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18
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Wang L, Zhang R, Jansson U, Nedfors N. A near-wearless and extremely long lifetime amorphous carbon film under high vacuum. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11119. [PMID: 26059254 PMCID: PMC4461914 DOI: 10.1038/srep11119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonging wear life of amorphous carbon films under vacuum was an enormous challenge. In this work, we firstly reported that amorphous carbon film as a lubricant layer containing hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine and silicon (a-C:H:O:F:Si) exhibited low friction (~0.1), ultra-low wear rate (9.0 × 10(-13) mm(3) N(-1) mm(-1)) and ultra-long wear life (>2 × 10(6) cycles) under high vacuum. We systematically examined microstructure and composition of transfer film for understanding of the underlying frictional mechanism, which suggested that the extraordinarily excellent tribological properties were attributed to the thermodynamically and structurally stable FeF2 nanocrystallites corroborated using first-principles calculations, which were induced by the tribochemical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Renhui Zhang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Materials Chemistry, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils Nedfors
- Department of Materials Chemistry, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Boll T, Thuvander M, Koch S, Wagner JN, Nedfors N, Jansson U, Stiller K. An APT investigation of an amorphous Cr-B-C thin film. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 159 Pt 2:217-22. [PMID: 25667171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A magnetron sputtered amorphous Cr-B-C thin film was investigated by means of atom probe tomography (APT). The film is constituted of two phases; a Cr-rich phase present as a few nanometer large regions embedded in a Cr-poor phase (tissue phase). The Cr-rich regions form columnar chains oriented parallel to the growth direction of the film. It was found that the Cr-rich regions have a higher B:C ratio than the Cr-poor regions. The composition of the phases was determined as approximately 35Cr-33B-30C and 15Cr-40B-42C (at%), respectively. The results suggest that this type of nanocomposite films has a more complex structure than previously anticipated, which may have an importance for the mechanical and electrical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Boll
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - M Thuvander
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - S Koch
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - J N Wagner
- KNMF, Karslruhe Institute of Technology, DE-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - N Nedfors
- Department of Chemistry, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - U Jansson
- Department of Chemistry, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Stiller
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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20
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Abstract
We investigate the amorphous structure, chemical bonding, and electrical properties of magnetron sputtered Fe(1-xCx) (0.21 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.72) thin films. X-ray, electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy show that the Fe(1-xCx) films are amorphous nanocomposites, consisting of a two-phase domain structure with Fe-rich carbidic FeC(y), and a carbon-rich matrix. Pair distribution function analysis indicates a close-range order similar to those of crystalline Fe(3)C carbides in all films with additional graphene-like structures at high carbon content (71.8 at% C). From x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, we find that the amorphous carbidic phase has a composition of 15-25 at% carbon that slightly increases with total carbon content. X-ray absorption spectra exhibit an increasing number of unoccupied 3d states and a decreasing number of C 2p states as a function of carbon content. These changes signify a systematic redistribution in orbital occupation due to charge-transfer effects at the domain-size-dependent carbide/matrix interfaces. The four-point probe resistivity of the Fe(1-xCx) films increases exponentially with carbon content from ∼200 μΩ cm (x = 0.21) to ∼1200 μΩ cm (x = 0.72), and is found to depend on the total carbon content rather than the composition of the carbide. Our findings open new possibilities for modifying the resistivity of amorphous thin film coatings based on transition metal carbides through the control of amorphous domain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Furlan
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
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Furlan A, Lu J, Hultman L, Jansson U, Magnuson M. Crystallization characteristics and chemical bonding properties of nickel carbide thin film nanocomposites. J Phys Condens Matter 2014; 26:415501. [PMID: 25237716 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/41/415501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure and chemical bonding of magnetron-sputtering deposited nickel carbide Ni₁-xCx (0.05 ⩽ x⩽0.62) thin films have been investigated by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy. By using x-ray as well as electron diffraction, we found carbon-containing hcp-Ni (hcp-NiCy phase), instead of the expected rhombohedral-Ni₃C. At low carbon content (4.9 at%), the thin film consists of hcp-NiCy nanocrystallites mixed with a smaller amount of fcc-NiCx. The average grain size is about 10-20 nm. With the increase of carbon content to 16.3 at%, the film contains single-phase hcp-NiCy nanocrystallites with expanded lattice parameters. With a further increase of carbon content to 38 at%, and 62 at%, the films transform to x-ray amorphous materials with hcp-NiCy and fcc-NiCx nanodomain structures in an amorphous carbon-rich matrix. Raman spectra of carbon indicate dominant sp(2) hybridization, consistent with photoelectron spectra that show a decreasing amount of C-Ni phase with increasing carbon content. The Ni 3d-C 2p hybridization in the hexagonal structure gives rise to the salient double-peak structure in Ni 2p soft x-ray absorption spectra at 16.3 at% that changes with carbon content. We also show that the resistivity is not only governed by the amount of carbon, but increases by more than a factor of two when the samples transform from crystalline to amorphous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Furlan
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, IFM, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
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22
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Abstract
Background Blood-based diagnostics has the potential to simplify the process of diagnosing celiac disease (CD). Although high levels of autoantibodies against tissue transglutaminase (anti-TG2) are strongly indicative of active CD, several other scenarios involve a need for additional blood-based CD markers. Methods We investigated the levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) in whole blood (n = 49) and protein in plasma (n = 22) from cases with active CD (n = 20), with confirmed CD and normalized histology (n = 15), and without a CD diagnosis (n = 14). Group differences were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks. We also investigated correlations between levels of potential markers, histopathology according to the modified Marsh scale, and CD risk gradient based on HLA type, using Spearman rank correlation. The relation between HLA-DQ2 gene dose effect and the expression levels of selected blood-based markers was investigated using the Mann–Whitney U test. Finally, the diagnostic performance of anti-TG2, potential blood-based CD markers, and logistic regression models of combined markers was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results CXCL11 protein levels and TNFRSF9 and TNFSF13B mRNA levels were identified as potential CD markers. These are all affected by or involved in the regulation of the NF-κB complex. CXCL11 protein levels and IL21 and IL15 mRNA levels were correlated with histopathology according to the modified Marsh scale, as were the established CD markers. HLA genotype risk and HLA-DQ2 gene dose effect did not show any significant relations with either the potential CD markers or the established CD markers. ROC curve analysis revealed a slight, non-significant increase in the area under the curve for the combined use of anti-TG2 and different constellations of potential blood-based CD markers compared to anti-TG2 alone. Conclusions The CD markers identified in this study further emphasize the significance of components related to NF-κB regulation in relation to CD. However, the relevance of CXCL11, TNFSF13B, TNFRSF9, and other NF-κB interacting proteins recognized by pathway analysis, needs to be further investigated in relation to diagnosis and monitoring of CD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-230X-14-176) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Bragde
- Division of Medical Diagnostics, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
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23
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Högström J, Andersson M, Jansson U, Björefors F, Nyholm L. On the Evaluation of Corrosion Resistances of Amorphous Chromium-Carbon Thin-Films. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Eklund P, Dahlqvist M, Tengstrand O, Hultman L, Lu J, Nedfors N, Jansson U, Rosén J. Discovery of the ternary nanolaminated compound Nb2GeC by a systematic theoretical-experimental approach. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:035502. [PMID: 22861868 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.035502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the advent of theoretical materials science some 60 years ago, there has been a drive to predict and design new materials in silicio. Mathematical optimization procedures to determine phase stability can be generally applicable to complex ternary or higher-order materials systems where the phase diagrams of the binary constituents are sufficiently known. Here, we employ a simplex-optimization procedure to predict new compounds in the ternary Nb-Ge-C system. Our theoretical results show that the hypothetical Nb2GeC is stable, and excludes all reasonably conceivable competing hypothetical phases. We verify the existence of the Nb2GeC phase by thin film synthesis using magnetron sputtering. This hexagonal nanolaminated phase has a and c lattice parameters of ∼3.24 Å and 12.82 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Eklund
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, IFM, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
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Magnuson M, Andersson M, Lu J, Hultman L, Jansson U. Electronic structure and chemical bonding of amorphous chromium carbide thin films. J Phys Condens Matter 2012; 24:225004. [PMID: 22553115 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/22/225004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure, electronic structure and chemical bonding of chromium carbide thin films with different carbon contents have been investigated with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy and soft x-ray absorption-emission spectroscopies. Most of the films can be described as amorphous nanocomposites with non-crystalline CrC(x) in an amorphous carbon matrix. At high carbon contents, graphene-like structures are formed in the amorphous carbon matrix. At 47 at.% carbon content, randomly oriented nanocrystallites are formed creating a complex microstructure of three components. The soft x-ray absorption-emission study shows additional peak structures exhibiting non-octahedral coordination and bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Magnuson
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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26
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Grennberg H, Jansson U. Synthesis of graphene and derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-44-453681-5.00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Råsander M, Lewin E, Wilhelmsson O, Sanyal B, Klintenberg M, Eriksson O, Jansson U. Carbon release by selective alloying of transition metal carbides. J Phys Condens Matter 2011; 23:355401. [PMID: 21849716 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/23/35/355401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have performed first principles density functional theory calculations on TiC alloyed on the Ti sublattice with 3d transition metals ranging from Sc to Zn. The theory is accompanied by experimental investigations, both as regards materials synthesis as well as characterization. Our results show that by dissolving a metal with a weak ability to form carbides, the stability of the alloy is lowered and a driving force for the release of carbon from the carbide is created. During thin film growth of a metal carbide this effect will favour the formation of a nanocomposite with carbide grains in a carbon matrix. The choice of alloying element as well as its concentration will affect the relative amount of carbon in the carbide and in the carbon matrix. This can be used to design the structures of nanocomposites and their physical and chemical properties. One example of applications is as low-friction coatings. Of the materials studied, we suggest the late 3d transition metals as the most promising elements for this phenomenon, at least when alloying with TiC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Råsander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division for Materials Theory, Uppsala University, PO Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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28
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Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is identified by histopathologic changes in the small intestine which normalize during a gluten-free diet. The histopathologic assessment of duodenal biopsies is usually routine but can be difficult. This study investigated gene expression profiling as a diagnostic tool. A total of 109 genes were selected to reflect alterations in crypt-villi architecture, inflammatory response, and intestinal permeability and were examined for differential expression in normal mucosa compared with CD mucosa in pediatric patients. Biopsies were classified using discriminant analysis of gene expression. Fifty genes were differentially expressed, of which eight (APOC3, CYP3A4, OCLN, MAD2L1, MKI67, CXCL11, IL17A, and CTLA4) discriminated normal mucosa from CD mucosa without classification errors using leave-one-out cross-validation (n = 39) and identified the degree of mucosal damage. Validation using an independent set of biopsies (n = 27) resulted in four discrepant cases. Biopsies from two of these cases showed a patchy distribution of lesions, indicating that discriminant analysis based on single biopsies failed to identify CD mucosa. In the other two cases, serology support class according to discriminant analysis and histologic specimens were judged suboptimal but assessable. Gene expression profiling shows promise as a diagnostic tool and for follow-up of CD, but further evaluation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Bragde
- Division of Medical Diagnostics, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping SE-551 85, Sweden
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Lewin E, André B, Urbonaite S, Wiklund U, Jansson U. Synthesis, structure and properties of Ni-alloyed TiCx-based thin films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00592d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Abstract
Production and consumption of food and in a rural area over the last 400 years were reconstructed for a parish in south east Sweden. This was based on a number of different data sources, including historical maps and official demographic and agricultural statistics. Changes in population (and thus consumption) and the production from arable land and livestock were calculated and used to provide an estimate of the area's supply and demand over time, and of the historical sustainability of the area. Overall food productivity was remarkably constant over time, at approximately 0.04 kgC m(-2) y(-1), despite recent changes in population size and the area of cultivated land. The empirical results from the past and the present, together with the future land changes due to shoreline displacement were used to predict the situation in the future. These final estimates can be used in the assessment of risk for exposure to contaminated food for the future population in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Jansson
- Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University, Sweden.
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Johansson A, Widenkvist E, Lu J, Boman M, Jansson U. Fabrication of high-aspect-ratio Prussian blue nanotubes using a porous alumina template. Nano Lett 2005; 5:1603-6. [PMID: 16089496 DOI: 10.1021/nl050964u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Prussian blue nanotubes were fabricated by using a sequential deposition technique inside the 60-nm well-ordered pores of anodic alumina. By varying the deposition parameters and the dimensions of the template, we could tailor the length and the outer as well as the inner diameter of the tubes. The nanotubes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Johansson
- The Angström Laboratory, Department of Materials Chemistry, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Norrman A, Jansson U. Ericsson's proactive supply chain risk management approach after a serious sub‐supplier accident. Int Jnl Phys Dist & Log Manage 2004. [DOI: 10.1108/09600030410545463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 596] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Talyzin AV, Dubrovinsky LS, Le Bihan T, Jansson U. In situ Raman study of C60 polymerization at high pressure high temperature conditions. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1430693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
A mechanism to enhance hardness in multilayer coatings is proposed. Using the technologically important hard transition metal carbides as prototypes, although the principle is transferable also to other systems, we demonstrate, from first-principles calculations, that by suitable alloying the energy difference between several competing structures in the transition metal carbides is small or tunable. This creates multiphase/polytypic compounds with a random or controllable layer stacking sequence, systems in which the propagation of dislocations can be strongly suppressed by a large number of interfaces between structures with different glide systems, accordingly allowing the possibility of a greatly enhanced hardness. With modern thin-film technologies, it should therefore be possible to deposit such materials that will express multilayer characteristics with only minor changes in the chemical constitution of the material, which is in contrast to conventional superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Hugosson
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, S-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Nyman K, Bergens A, Björin AS, Guterstam P, Nyrén O, Jansson U, Wettermark B, Bergman U. [Feedback on prescribing profiles at a primary health center. Important element in quality assurance of drug prescription]. Lakartidningen 2001; 98:160-4. [PMID: 11271576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
DU90%--the number of drugs that account for 90% of DDDs--and adherence to guidelines in this segment were proposed by the Swedish Medical Quality Council (MKR) as indicators for assessing the quality of drug prescribing. We tested these indicators at a primary health care (PHC) center in Stockholm. Bar-coded prescriptions purchased at pharmacies were compared with the guidelines issued by the regional drug committee. The data were presented and discussed at the PHC center. Although the DU90% method neither examines the appropriateness of use nor provides outcome data, it was shown to be an inexpensive, flexible and simple method for assessing the general quality of drug prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nyman
- Sydvästra läkemedelskommittén i Stockholms läns landsting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Talyzin
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - U. Jansson
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Box 538, SE-751 21, Uppsala, Sweden
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Bråbäck L, Appelberg J, Jansson U, Kälvesten L. Changes in prevalence and severity of asthma among schoolchildren in a Swedish district between 1985 and 1995. Acta Paediatr 2000; 89:465-70. [PMID: 10830461 DOI: 10.1080/080352500750028203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
The same questionnaire and study design was used in two surveys of asthma among all the children attending the 9-y compulsory school in Sundsvall in 1985 (n = 10527) and 1995 (n = 9165). A detailed questionnaire was distributed by post to the parents of all children who had answered in the affirmative to a simple screening question on asthmatic symptoms at the beginning of the autumn term. The questionnaire contained detailed questions on symptoms and asthma management. Our findings indicated a moderate increase in reported asthma-like symptoms and physician-diagnosed asthma between 1985 and 1995. The severity of symptoms was unchanged, despite a large community-based asthma campaign and a tenfold increase in the number of children receiving inhaled steroids. A validation analysis included an interview by a physician, a skin prick test, determination of specific IgE antibodies and spirometry. The oral interviews suggested that undertreatment was common. Many children had adequate medication at home, but this medication was not used properly. Finally, all 13-14-y-old children also replied to written and video questionnaires from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). It is likely that differences in study design explained the much higher prevalence of wheezing in this part of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bråbäck
- Mid-Sweden Research and Development Centre, Sundsvall Hospital.
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Henriksson AE, Nilsson TK, Jansson U, Bergqvist D. Experimental haemorrhage and blood component transfusion in humans: no change in plasma concentration of thrombin-antithrombin complex and plasmin-antiplasmin complex. Thromb Res 1996; 82:409-15. [PMID: 8771701 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(96)00090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The influence of haemorrhage and blood transfusion on primary haemostasis, coagulation and fibrinolysis was investigated in ten healthy male volunteers. Acute loss of 10% of the blood volume did not give any significant alteration in thrombin- antithrombin III (TAT) complex and plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin (PAP) complex levels compared with a control series. The skin bleeding time with the Simplate II device was not altered after the 10% blood loss. Acute loss of 10% of blood volume followed by transfusion of packed red cells or stored plasma did not resulted in any significant change in bleeding time, TAT and PAP complex levels. It could be concluded that a controlled haemorrhage does not give any detectable changes of the platelet dependent primary haemostasis, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Transfusion of one unit of packed red cells or stored plasma does not seem to adversely affect the haemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Henriksson
- Department of Surgery, County Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
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Abstract
Down syndrome is associated with immune-related disorders such as hypothyroidism, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease. In this study we determined antigliadin antibodies (AGA) in 54 patients with Down syndrome; 22 had AGA values above the cutoff limit. Nineteen patients underwent intestinal biopsy, and total or subtotal villous atrophy was found in nine. There was a total of 65 patients with Down syndrome in our area of southern Sweden; two were already known to have celiac disease. The minimum prevalence of celiac disease in Down syndrome in this area in southern Sweden was 11 of 65 or 16.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jansson
- Department of Pediatrics, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
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Björklund LG, Jansson U. A new dawn for the Swedish Patent Office. World Patent Information 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0172-2190(95)00024-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Frykman E, Bystrom M, Jansson U, Edberg A, Hansen T. Side effects of iron supplements in blood donors: superior tolerance of heme iron. J Lab Clin Med 1994; 123:561-4. [PMID: 8145004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Regular blood donors were enrolled in a double-blind, parallel group study to evaluate the side effects of two iron supplements, one containing both heme iron and non-heme iron (Hemofer, 2 tablets = 18 mg iron/day), the other non-heme iron only (Erco-Fer; 1 tablet = 60 mg iron/day). No differences were found between the two alternatives in regaining predonation iron status as measured by serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels. Despite this therapeutic equivalence, participants' symptom diaries showed substantial differences in the side effects for the two treatments. The frequency of constipation (p < 0.05) and the total incidence of all side effects (p < 0.01) were significantly higher for non-heme iron when compared with the heme iron-non-heme iron combination and a placebo. The study demonstrates that a low-dose iron supplement containing both heme iron and non-heme iron (Hemofer) has fewer side effects when compared with an equipotent, traditional non-heme iron supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Frykman
- Blodcentralen, Sundsvalls sjukhus, Sweden
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Knutsen OH, Jansson U. [Hemolysis and pulmonary edema after a near-drowning accident in chlorated water]. Lakartidningen 1988; 85:4646-7. [PMID: 3252100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
Within a defined population in southeast Sweden, celiac disease was diagnosed in 167 children born between 1970 and 1982. The diagnosis was based on the criteria of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. Another six children had an initial flat small intestinal mucosa but do not yet fulfill the criteria for the diagnosis of celiac disease. The incidence of celiac disease was 1.27/1,000 live births for the years 1970-1976 and 1.43/1,000 for 1977-1982. In contrast to our findings, a decline in the disorder during the late 1970s was reported from other countries. We discuss the observation that the incidences of celiac disease in children are moving discrepantly in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Stenhammar
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden
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Abstract
Eighty-seven children with short stature (height more than 2 SD below the mean for age and sex) were investigated by small intestinal biopsy. There was no obvious reason for their growth retardation found by routine examination and they had no gastrointestinal symptoms. Coeliac disease was found in two children and probable coeliac disease in two children. Although the prevalence of coeliac disease was comparatively low in this study of Swedish children with short stature, it emphasizes the fact that coeliac disease must be considered in a child with short stature even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Lindberg T, Nilsson LA, Borulf S, Cavell B, Fällström SP, Jansson U, Stenhammar L, Stintzing G. Serum IgA and IgG gliadin antibodies and small intestinal mucosal damage in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1985; 4:917-22. [PMID: 4067780 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-198512000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG gliadin antibodies were determined with a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method--diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA)--and the results were related to small intestinal mucosal morphology in 234 children suspected of having malabsorption. Fifty-six of 58 children with flat intestinal mucosa had increased IgA and/or IgG gliadin antibody levels (sensitivity 97%). Fifty-four of the 58 children had celiac disease (CD) (n = 25) or probable CD (n = 29). Four children with flat mucosa had cow's milk protein and/or soy protein intolerance and three of these had increased gliadin antibody levels. Seventeen percent of 132 children with normal intestinal mucosa had increased IgA and/or IgG gliadin antibody levels. IgA and IgG gliadin antibody levels decreased significantly in the celiac children on a gluten-free diet and increased significantly after gluten challenge. Determination of serum IgA and IgG gliadin antibodies by means of DIG-ELISA is a sensitive test for small intestinal mucosal damage in children. When malabsorption is suspected, we suggest that this assay be used to select children for a small intestinal biopsy. It is also very useful for the follow-up of adherence to a gluten-free diet and to determine the effect of gluten challenge in celiac children.
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Arvidsson J, Ekengard I, Jansson U. [Lethal side effects from ACTH-therapy in infantile spasm (author's transl)]. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1980; 128:620-2. [PMID: 6107850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ACTH in high doses and over long periods of time is the treatment of choice in infantile spasm. Serious side effects can occur, but are not so often described. Two cases are published with hypertonia and immunosuppression. Control of blood pressure and electrolytes is mandatory. The importance of rather careful control of infections is stressed, as symptoms during ACTH-therapy are somewhat altered.
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Jansson U. [Death--everybody's concern]. Tidskr Sver Sjukskot 1974; 41:3. [PMID: 4495964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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