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Paloschi V, Pauli J, Winski G, Wu Z, Li Z, Botti L, Meucci S, Conti P, Rogowitz F, Glukha N, Hummel N, Busch A, Chernogubova E, Jin H, Sachs N, Eckstein HH, Dueck A, Boon RA, Bausch AR, Maegdefessel L. Utilization of an Artery-on-a-Chip to Unravel Novel Regulators and Therapeutic Targets in Vascular Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302907. [PMID: 37797407 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, organ-on-chip technology is used to develop an in vitro model of medium-to-large size arteries, the artery-on-a-chip (AoC), with the objective to recapitulate the structure of the arterial wall and the relevant hemodynamic forces affecting luminal cells. AoCs exposed either to in vivo-like shear stress values or kept in static conditions are assessed to generate a panel of novel genes modulated by shear stress. Considering the crucial role played by shear stress alterations in carotid arteries affected by atherosclerosis (CAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) disease development/progression, a patient cohort of hemodynamically relevant specimens is utilized, consisting of diseased and non-diseased (internal control) vessel regions from the same patient. Genes activated by shear stress follow the same expression pattern in non-diseased segments of human vessels. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) enables to discriminate the unique cell subpopulations between non-diseased and diseased vessel portions, revealing an enrichment of flow activated genes in structural cells originating from non-diseased specimens. Furthermore, the AoC served as a platform for drug-testing. It reproduced the effects of a therapeutic agent (lenvatinib) previously used in preclinical AAA studies, therefore extending the understanding of its therapeutic effect through a multicellular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paloschi
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Pauli
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336, Berlin, Germany
| | - Greg Winski
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Unit, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 10073, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolong Li
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Botti
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, 24129, Italy
| | - Sandro Meucci
- Micronit Microtechnologies, Enschede, 15 7521, The Netherlands
| | - Pierangelo Conti
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, 24129, Italy
| | | | - Nadiya Glukha
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Nora Hummel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Albert Busch
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department for Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital, Technical University Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Chernogubova
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Unit, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Unit, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadja Sachs
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Dueck
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University, 60323, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, 10785, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas R Bausch
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Unit, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fasolo F, Winski G, Li Z, Wu Z, Winter H, Ritzer J, Glukha N, Roy J, Hultgren R, Pauli J, Busch A, Sachs N, Knappich C, Eckstein HH, Boon RA, Paloschi V, Maegdefessel L. The circular RNA Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated regulates oxidative stress in smooth muscle cells in expanding abdominal aortic aneurysms. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 33:848-865. [PMID: 37680984 PMCID: PMC10481153 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a pathological widening of the aortic wall characterized by loss of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), extracellular matrix degradation, and local inflammation. This condition is often asymptomatic until rupture occurs, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Diagnosis is mostly accidental and the only currently available treatment option remains surgical intervention. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a novel class of regulatory non-coding RNAs that originate from backsplicing. Their highly stable loop structure, combined with a remarkable enrichment in body fluids, make circRNAs promising disease biomarkers. We investigated the contribution of circRNAs to AAA pathogenesis and their potential application to improve AAA diagnostics. Gene expression analysis revealed the presence of deregulated circular transcripts stemming from AAA-relevant gene loci. Among these, the circRNA to the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated gene (cATM) was upregulated in human AAA specimens, in AAA-derived SMCs, and serum samples collected from aneurysm patients. In primary aortic SMCs, cATM increased upon angiotensin II and doxorubicin stimulation, while its silencing triggered apoptosis. Higher cATM levels made AAA-derived SMCs less vulnerable to oxidative stress, compared with control SMCs. These data suggest that cATM contributes to elicit an adaptive oxidative-stress response in SMCs and provides a reliable AAA disease signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fasolo
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Greg Winski
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhaolong Li
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhiyan Wu
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology and Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Hanna Winter
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Ritzer
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Nadiya Glukha
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Joy Roy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Pauli
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Busch
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadja Sachs
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Knappich
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK 10785 Berlin, Partner Site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Physiology, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Freiholtz D, Bergman O, Lång K, Poujade FA, Paloschi V, Granath C, Lindeman JHN, Olsson C, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P, Björck HM. Bicuspid aortic valve aortopathy is characterized by embryonic epithelial to mesenchymal transition and endothelial instability. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:801-811. [PMID: 37162557 PMCID: PMC10299957 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart malformation frequently associated with ascending aortic aneurysm (AscAA). Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) may play a role in BAV-associated AscAA. The aim of the study was to investigate the type of EMT associated with BAV aortopathy using patients with a tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) as a reference. The state of the endothelium was further evaluated. Aortic biopsies were taken from patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Aortic intima/media miRNA and gene expression was analyzed using Affymetrix human transcriptomic array. Histological staining assessed structure, localization, and protein expression. Migration/proliferation was assessed using ORIS migration assay. We show different EMT types associated with BAV and TAV AscAA. Specifically, in BAV-associated aortopathy, EMT genes related to endocardial cushion formation were enriched. Further, BAV vascular smooth muscle cells were less proliferative and migratory. In contrast, TAV aneurysmal aortas displayed a fibrotic EMT phenotype with medial degenerative insults. Further, non-dilated BAV aortas showed a lower miRNA-200c-associated endothelial basement membrane LAMC1 expression and lower CD31 expression, accompanied by increased endothelial permeability indicated by increased albumin infiltration. Embryonic EMT is a characteristic of BAV aortopathy, associated with endothelial instability and vascular permeability of the non-dilated aortic wall. KEY MESSAGES: Embryonic EMT is a feature of BAV-associated aortopathy. Endothelial integrity is compromised in BAV aortas prior to dilatation. Non-dilated BAV ascending aortas are more permeable than aortas of tricuspid aortic valve patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Freiholtz
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Otto Bergman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Solna, Sweden
| | - Karin Lång
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Solna, Sweden
| | - Flore-Anne Poujade
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Solna, Sweden
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Solna, Sweden
| | - Carl Granath
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan H N Lindeman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical Center Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Olsson
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Solna, Sweden
| | - Hanna M Björck
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Solna, Sweden.
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Fasolo F, Paloschi V, Maegdefessel L. Long non-coding RNAs at the crossroad of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation in atherosclerosis and neointimal formation. Atherosclerosis 2022:S0021-9150(22)01542-8. [PMID: 36513554 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite extraordinary advances in the comprehension of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and the employment of very effective treatments, cardiovascular diseases are still a major cause of mortality and represent a large share of health expenditure worldwide. Atherosclerosis is a disease affecting the medium and large arteries, which consists of a progressive accumulation of fatty substances, cellular waste products and fibrous elements, which culminates in the buildup of a plaque obstructing the blood flow. Endothelial dysfunction represents an early pathological event, favoring immune cells recruitment and triggering local inflammation. The release of inflammatory cytokines and other signaling molecules stimulates phenotypic modifications in the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells, which, in physiological conditions, are responsible for the maintenance of vessels architecture while regulating vascular tone. Vascular smooth muscle cells are highly plastic and may respond to disease stimuli by de-differentiating and losing their contractility, while increasing their synthetic, proliferative, and migratory capacity. This phenotypic switching is considered a pathological hallmark of atherogenesis and is ruled by the activation of selective gene programs. The advent of genomics and the improvement of sequencing technologies deepened our knowledge of the complex gene expression regulatory networks mediated by non-coding RNAs, and favored the rise of innovative therapeutic approaches targeting the non-coding transcriptome. In the context of atherosclerosis, long non-coding RNAs have received increasing attention as potential translational targets, due to their contribution to the molecular dynamics modulating the expression of vascular smooth muscle cells contractile/synthetic gene programs. In this review, we will focus on the most well-characterized long non-coding RNAs contributing to atherosclerosis by controlling expression of the contractile apparatus and genes activated in perturbed vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fasolo
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Berlin, Germany; Molecular Vascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Pauli J, Wu Z, Yokota C, Winski G, Paloschi V, Dueck A, Engelhardt S, Eckstein HH, Reilly M, Maegdefessel L. Single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptome analysis reveals cellular heterogeneities and novel regulators of atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Pauli J, Wu Z, Yokota C, Winski G, Paloschi V, Dueck A, Engelhardt S, Eckstein HH, Reilly MP, Maegdefessel L. Abstract 216: Single-cell And Spatially Resolved Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Cellular Heterogeneities And Novel Regulators Of Atherosclerotic Plaque Destabilization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.42.suppl_1.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, are the major cause of death in western societies, still molecular mechanisms of plaque destabilization remain unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are one example of novel molecular modulators, as their expression is highly cell-type specific.
Methods:
We utilized combined total (bulk) RNA and single cell (sc) RNA to study the transcriptome of advanced carotid artery lesions from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy in our vascular surgery clinic. Additionally, we performed hybridization-based RNA
in situ
sequencing (HybRISS) to indicate where cluster-defining genes are located within the plaques.
Results:
In this current study, four sequencing datasets were investigated (total RNA from early vs. late lesions from the same individual patient and unstable vs. stable lesions from individual patients; two separate scRNA-seq datasets).16 lncRNAs were cross-referenced between all four datasets. All of these lncRNAs presented a cell-type specific expression pattern, with 11 lncRNAs being significantly enriched in different smooth muscle cell (SMC) clusters. We found all newly identified lncRNAs conserved in our scRNA-seq datasets of genetically mutated (
LDLR-/-
) Yucatan mini-pigs and the inducible carotid artery plaque rupture mice (
ApoE-/-
). The cluster-defining genes from the human scRNA-seq data were then located in human carotid artery tissue sections using the HybRISS method to unravel their distinct location within these plaques.
Discussion:
Taken together, our datasets, methods and different animal-models demonstrate that combining bulk with scRNA-seq data and spatially resolved sequencing methods are powerful tools to identify and characterize novel lncRNAs being expressed by a certain cell-type in the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Technical Univ Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
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Reisenauer T, Pauli J, Paloschi V, Chernogubova E, Scholz C, Reeps C, Eckstein HH, Maegdefessel L, Busch A. Abstract 353: Phenotypic Switching Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is Regulated By ApoE And A Potential Therapeutic Target In Popliteal Aneurysms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.42.suppl_1.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) is an individually highly fatal disease, causing ischemia and eventual major amputation, mainly in 50-70-year-old males. It is the most frequent peripheral artery aneurysm and correct treatment is challenging for clinicians, since both open and endovascular repair have only modest success rates, depending on the clinical presentation. In comparison to other aneurysm entities, little is known about its specific pathogenesis.
Material and Methods:
26 Human PAA and popliteal artery samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, mRNA and miRNA expression analysis and targeted proteomics (OLink platform) to identify key features of the disease and crucial pathways involved. Additionally, a primary cell culture of PAA specimen was established for in-vitro vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) modulation.
Results:
VSMCs lose their contractile phenotype along with significant inflammatory and proteolytic changes in the vessel wall architecture. Extensive tissue remodeling with high cell turnover rates (as indicated by Ki67+ cells) compared to non-diseased popliteal artery is a unique feature in comparison to AAA. This correlates with highly abundant co-expression of the apolipoproteins E and CI with Ki67 in VSMCs in double immune-fluorescent stains. Stimulation of VSMCs with external APOE or APOCI alters proliferation rates and significantly changes a subset of contractile markers proteins upon gene expression analysis. These findings are emphasized by a specific case of a solely mechanically induced PAA in a young male.
Conclusion:
Pathogenesis of PAA shows similar histologic features than AAA, yet differs in key pathways involved. Increased cell turnover in the aneurysm neck area suggests evaluation of alternative treatment strategies, i.e., targeting key processes of pathogenesis such as angiogenesis and cell turnover.
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Metschl S, Bruder L, Paloschi V, Jakob K, Reutersberg B, Reeps C, Maegdefessel L, Gee M, Eckstein HH, Pelisek J. Changes in endocan and dermatan sulfate are associated with biomechanical properties of abdominal aortic wall during aneurysm expansion and rupture. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1513-1523. [PMID: 35170008 DOI: 10.1055/a-1772-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The study aimed to assess the potential of proteoglycans (PG) and collagens as serological biomarkers in the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Furthermore, we investigated the underlying mechano-biological interactions and signaling pathways. METHODS Tissue and serum samples from patients with ruptured AAA (rAAA, n=29), elective AAA (eAAA, n=78), and healthy individuals (n=8) were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), mechanical properties were assessed by tensile tests. Regulatory pathways were determined by membrane-based sandwich immunoassay. RESULTS In AAA samples, collagen type I and III (Col1, Col3), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and dermatan sulfate (DS) were significantly increased compared to controls (3.0-, 3.2-, 1.3-, and 53-fold; p<0.01). Col1 and endocan were also elevated in the serum of AAA patients (3.6- and 6.0-fold; p<0.01), while DS was significantly decreased (2.5-fold; p<0.01). Histological scoring showed increased total PGs and focal accumulation in rAAA compared to eAAA. Tissue β-stiffness was higher in rAAA compared to eAAA (2.0-fold, p=0.02). Serum Col1 correlated with maximum tensile force and failure tension (r=0.448 and 0.333; p<0.01 and =0.02), tissue endocan correlated with α-stiffness (r=0.340; p<0.01). Signaling pathways in AAA were associated with ECM synthesis and VSMC proliferation. In particular, Src family kinases, PDGF- and EGF-related proteins seem to be involved. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a structural association between collagen and PGs and their response to changes in mechanical loads in AAA. Particularly Col1 and endocan reflect the mechano-biological conditions of the aortic wall also in the patient's serum and might serve for AAA risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Metschl
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munchen, Germany
| | - Lukas Bruder
- Mechanics & High Performance Computing Group, Technical University of Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Vascular and Endovascular surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - Katharina Jakob
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munchen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Reeps
- Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät an der TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany
| | - Michael Gee
- Mechanics & High Performance Computing Group, Technical University of Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munchen, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Experimental Vascular Surgery, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Paloschi V, Sabater-Lleal M, Middelkamp H, Vivas A, Johansson S, van der Meer A, Tenje M, Maegdefessel L. Organ-on-a-chip technology: a novel approach to investigate cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2742-2754. [PMID: 33729461 PMCID: PMC8683705 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of organs-on-chip (OoC) has revolutionized in vitro cell-culture experiments by allowing a better mimicry of human physiology and pathophysiology that has consequently led researchers to gain more meaningful insights into disease mechanisms. Several models of hearts-on-chips and vessels-on-chips have been demonstrated to recapitulate fundamental aspects of the human cardiovascular system in the recent past. These 2D and 3D systems include synchronized beating cardiomyocytes in hearts-on-chips and vessels-on-chips with layer-based structures and the inclusion of physiological and pathological shear stress conditions. The opportunities to discover novel targets and to perform drug testing with chip-based platforms have substantially enhanced, thanks to the utilization of patient-derived cells and precise control of their microenvironment. These organ models will provide an important asset for future approaches to personalized cardiovascular medicine and improved patient care. However, certain technical and biological challenges remain, making the global utilization of OoCs to tackle unanswered questions in cardiovascular science still rather challenging. This review article aims to introduce and summarize published work on hearts- and vessels-on chips but also to provide an outlook and perspective on how these advanced in vitro systems can be used to tailor disease models with patient-specific characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paloschi
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Research Institute of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Genomics of Complex Diseases Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Aisen Vivas
- BIOS/Lab on a Chip, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Johansson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Tenje
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Vascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Tsantilas P, Lao S, Wu Z, Eberhard A, Winski G, Vaerst M, Nanda V, Wang Y, Kojima Y, Ye J, Flores A, Jarr KU, Pelisek J, Eckstein HH, Matic L, Hedin U, Tsao PS, Paloschi V, Maegdefessel L, Leeper NJ. Chitinase 3 like 1 is a regulator of smooth muscle cell physiology and atherosclerotic lesion stability. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2767-2780. [PMID: 33471078 PMCID: PMC8848327 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease underlies the majority of ischaemic strokes and is a major cause of death and disability. While plaque burden is a predictor of adverse outcomes, plaque vulnerability is increasingly recognized as a driver of lesion rupture and risk for clinical events. Defining the molecular regulators of carotid instability could inform the development of new biomarkers and/or translational targets for at-risk individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS Using two independent human endarterectomy biobanks, we found that the understudied glycoprotein, chitinase 3 like 1 (CHI3L1), is up-regulated in patients with carotid disease compared to healthy controls. Further, CHI3L1 levels were found to stratify individuals based on symptomatology and histopathological evidence of an unstable fibrous cap. Gain- and loss-of-function studies in cultured human carotid artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) showed that CHI3L1 prevents a number of maladaptive changes in that cell type, including phenotype switching towards a synthetic and hyperproliferative state. Using two murine models of carotid remodelling and lesion vulnerability, we found that knockdown of Chil1 resulted in larger neointimal lesions comprised by de-differentiated SMCs that failed to invest within and stabilize the fibrous cap. Exploratory mechanistic studies identified alterations in potential downstream regulatory genes, including large tumour suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2), which mediates macrophage marker and inflammatory cytokine expression on SMCs, and may explain how CHI3L1 modulates cellular plasticity. CONCLUSION CHI3L1 is up-regulated in humans with carotid artery disease and appears to be a strong mediator of plaque vulnerability. Mechanistic studies suggest this change may be a context-dependent adaptive response meant to maintain vascular SMCs in a differentiated state and to prevent rupture of the fibrous cap. Part of this effect may be mediated through downstream suppression of LATS2. Future studies should determine how these changes occur at the molecular level, and whether this gene can be targeted as a novel translational therapy for subjects at risk of stroke.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carotid Arteries/enzymology
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Arteries/physiopathology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/enzymology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/genetics
- Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1/genetics
- Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Rupture, Spontaneous
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlos Tsantilas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Shen Lao
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Eberhard
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Greg Winski
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Monika Vaerst
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vivek Nanda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yoko Kojima
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jianqin Ye
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alyssa Flores
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kai-Uwe Jarr
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department for Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany, partner site Munich Heart Alliance
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 870 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany, partner site Munich Heart Alliance
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany, partner site Munich Heart Alliance
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Bldg., M121 Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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11
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Fasolo F, Jin H, Winski G, Chernogubova E, Pauli J, Winter H, Li DY, Glukha N, Bauer S, Metschl S, Wu Z, Koschinsky ML, Reilly M, Pelisek J, Kempf W, Eckstein HH, Soehnlein O, Matic L, Hedin U, Bäcklund A, Bergmark C, Paloschi V, Maegdefessel L. Long Noncoding RNA MIAT Controls Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesion Formation and Plaque Destabilization. Circulation 2021; 144:1567-1583. [PMID: 34647815 PMCID: PMC8570347 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.052023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of biological processes involved in vascular tissue homeostasis and disease development. The present study assessed the functional contribution of the lncRNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) to atherosclerosis and carotid artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fasolo
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; partner site Munich Heart Alliance (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., F.F., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel)
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Medicine (H.J., G.W., E.C., A.B.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (H.J., L. Matic, U.H., C.B., L. Maegdefessel), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Greg Winski
- Department of Medicine (H.J., G.W., E.C., A.B.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Chernogubova
- Department of Medicine (H.J., G.W., E.C., A.B.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Pauli
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; partner site Munich Heart Alliance (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., F.F., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel)
| | - Hanna Winter
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; partner site Munich Heart Alliance (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., F.F., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel)
| | - Daniel Y Li
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (D.Y.L., M.R.)
| | - Nadiya Glukha
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; partner site Munich Heart Alliance (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., F.F., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel)
| | - Sabine Bauer
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; partner site Munich Heart Alliance (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., F.F., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel)
| | - Susanne Metschl
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; partner site Munich Heart Alliance (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., F.F., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel)
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; partner site Munich Heart Alliance (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., F.F., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel)
| | | | - Muredach Reilly
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (D.Y.L., M.R.)
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (J. Pelisek)
| | - Wolfgang Kempf
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; partner site Munich Heart Alliance (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., F.F., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel)
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; partner site Munich Heart Alliance (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., F.F., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel)
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Westphalian Wilhelms University, Munster, Germany (O.S.).,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (O.S.).,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany (O.S.)
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (H.J., L. Matic, U.H., C.B., L. Maegdefessel), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (H.J., L. Matic, U.H., C.B., L. Maegdefessel), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Bäcklund
- Department of Medicine (H.J., G.W., E.C., A.B.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes Bergmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (H.J., L. Matic, U.H., C.B., L. Maegdefessel), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; partner site Munich Heart Alliance (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., F.F., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel)
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; partner site Munich Heart Alliance (F.F., J. Pauli, H.W., F.F., N.G., S.B., S.M., Z.W., W.K., H.-H.E., V.P., L. Maegdefessel).,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (H.J., L. Matic, U.H., C.B., L. Maegdefessel), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Bischoff L, Pauli J, Paloschi V, Maegdefessel L. Abstract MP18: Mitochondrial Inducing Factor 1 Affects Stabilization Of Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions In Carotid Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.41.suppl_1.mp18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Whereas cerebrovascular diseases, most and foremost ischemic events, being the second most deadliest disease as of today in the western world the process behind carotid artery plaque (CAP) vulnerability remains understood insufficiently. Through proteomic analysis of blood serum from patients treated for atherosclerotic lesions in carotid arteries we were able to determine proteins of potential relevance to CAP stability. One of the identified targets is mitochondrial apoptosis inducing factor 1 (AIFM1), which we found upregulated in serum profiles from patients with vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions. The study were conducted with human vascular tissue and blood samples from the 'Munich Vascular Biobank'. Proteomic profiling of serum was performed using the platform OLink (Uppsala, Sweden) taken from patients with either stable (n=53) or unstable (n=53) CAPs. Furthermore, gene expression of AIFM1 in stable (n=5) and unstable (n=3) CAPs was assessed via RT-qPCR .Via Immunostaining the regions showing higher expression of AIFM1 within the plaques (n=10) were determined and put in perspective with markers of cell types predominantly accumulated in those regions. In addition, blood monocyte-derived macrophages were stimulated with different factors and changes in expression of AIFM1 was assessed. With the proteomic sequencing of blood sera, higher levels of AIFM1 in patients with unstable versus stable CAP were determined. This trend was also seen assessing the gene expression of AIFM1 in the human vascular tissue. A significant enrichment of staining of AIFM1 positivity was observed in regions where apoptosis occured, such as the necrotic core and the shoulder regions of the advanced CAP. Furhtermore, AIFM1 enriched regions were identified as areas infiltrated by immune cells, especially macrophages. Monocytes of healthy donours showed an increased expression of AIFM1 when developed into macrophages. In conclusion AIFM1 was identified as a potential novel marker for advanced, unstable lesions in CAPs. Future studies (in vitro and in vivo) will reveal which role AIFM1 might play during processes that trigger CAP destabilization. Of further importance will be cell type expression patterns that we are also assessing in currently ongoing studies.
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13
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Hummel NM, Paloschi V, Glukha N, Maegdefessel L. Abstract P167: Utilization Of A Novel Artery-on-a-chip For Target Discovery And Drug Testing In Experimental Vascular Medicine. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.41.suppl_1.p167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aorta-on-a-chip (AoOC) is a micro-engineered 3D in vitro model which aims to mimic the
in vivo
complexity of a human aorta in terms of cell-cell interaction, tissue architecture and hemodynamic conditions, i.e., the wall shear stress (WSS) force that the blood exerts on the vessel luminal surface in the direction of blood flow.The device used to generate the AoOC consists of a resealable glass chip with an intermediate semi-permeable membrane dividing the chip into two distinct chambers. This enables the flow of different fluids under varying dynamic conditions through the respective chambers. Primary aortic endothelial cells are cultivated on a thin layer of collagen on the flat-side of the membrane, whereas primary aortic smooth muscle cells are cultured on a fibronectin layer on the well-side of the same membrane. Once cells are confluent, the glass chip is assembled and sealed due to the slight pressure applied by the chip holder which is ultimately connected to a microfluidic pressure controller. The chamber containing the endothelial cells is subjected to a high flow rate of 1.2 ml/min, equivalent to 10 dynes/cm
2
, mimicking the shear stress of the aortic wall. In contrast, the smooth muscle cells are exposed to a slow flow rate of 20 μl/min, corresponding to 0.0042 dynes/cm
2
, that simulates the physiological diffusion rate between the intima and the media layer (of the aorta), ensuring an adequate supply of nutrients to the cells.The quality of the co-culture system is assessed by immunofluorescence staining using CD31 and SM22 antibody which specifically mark ECs and SMCs attached at opposite sides of the membrane. To evaluate transcriptomic changes under different flow conditions (static vs 10dyne/cm2) cells were carefully collected at opposite site of the membrane and subjected to RNA sequencing analysis.
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14
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Busch A, Pauli J, Winski G, Bleichert S, Chernogubova E, Metschl S, Winter H, Trenner M, Wiegering A, Otto C, Fischer J, Reiser J, Werner J, Roy J, Brostjan C, Knappich C, Eckstein HH, Paloschi V, Maegdefessel L. Lenvatinib halts aortic aneurysm growth by restoring smooth muscle cell contractility. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e140364. [PMID: 34185710 PMCID: PMC8410098 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, especially when ruptured. The rationale of this study was to evaluate the repurposing of lenvatinib, a multi–tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in limiting experimental AAA growth targeting vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and angiogenesis. We applied systemic and local lenvatinib treatment to elastase-induced murine aortic aneurysms, and RNA profiling identified myosin heavy chain 11 (Myh11) as the most deregulated transcript. Daily oral treatment substantially reduced aneurysm formation in 2 independent mouse models. In addition, a large animal aneurysm model in hypercholesterolemic low-density lipoprotein receptor–knockout (LDLR–/–) Yucatan minipigs was applied to endovascularly deliver lenvatinib via drug-eluting balloons (DEBs). Here, a single local endovascular delivery blocked AAA progression successfully compared with a DEB-delivered control treatment. Reduced VSMC proliferation and a restored contractile phenotype were observed in animal tissues (murine and porcine), as well as AAA patient-derived cells. Apart from increasing MYH11 levels, lenvatinib reduced downstream ERK signaling. Hence, lenvatinib is a promising therapy to limit aortic aneurysm expansion upon local endovascular delivery. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor was able to positively affect pathways of key relevance to human AAA disease, even in a potentially new local delivery using DEBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Busch
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany.,Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Carl Gustav Carus and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Pauli
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Greg Winski
- Molecular Vascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonja Bleichert
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ekaterina Chernogubova
- Molecular Vascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Metschl
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Winter
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Trenner
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Armin Wiegering
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular & Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Otto
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular & Pediatric Surgery (Department of Surgery I), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Fischer
- Centre of Preclinical Research, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Reiser
- Centre of Preclinical Research, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Werner
- Centre of Preclinical Research, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joy Roy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Knappich
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany.,Molecular Vascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Ehrenborg E, Paloschi V, Goncalves I, Saliba-Gustafsson P, Werngren O, Matic L, Skogsberg J, Jin H, Ketelhuth D, Maegdefessel L, Hedin U, Eriksson P, Magné J. Repression of MAP1LC3A during atherosclerosis progression plays an important role in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Paloschi V, Winter H, Viola J, Soehnlein O, Maegdefessel L. Mechanistic Links between Non-Coding RNAs and Myeloid Cell Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemost 2019; 119:1205-1211. [PMID: 31035303 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1687874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the chronicity of atherosclerotic lesion development and progression. Myeloid cells are involved in all stages of atherosclerosis development: they contribute in early phases to endothelial dysfunction and create a pro-inflammatory environment responsible for disease progression. Numerous studies over the last decade have repeatedly provided evidence for the crucial importance for different classes of non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs) in regulating gene expression, as well as messenger RNA and protein stability. Functional studies using tools to either over-express or inhibit these non-coding RNAs showcased strong effects on tempering vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis progression. With this current review article, we want to discuss prominent examples of non-coding RNAs, being either produced by myeloid cells or affecting their recruitment and activity in the context of vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis and consequential diseases (such as myocardial infarction and stroke). All of the discussed transcripts were thoroughly studied in mechanistic explorations, indicating that they have the capability to modulate inflammatory cascades in the vasculature during disease exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paloschi
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Winter
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joana Viola
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Prevention and Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Prevention and Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Li DY, Busch A, Jin HH, Hofmann P, Boon RA, Pelisek J, Paloschi V, Roy J, Eckstein HH, Spin JM, Tsao PS, Maegdefessel L. P3199Long non-coding RNA H19 induces abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Y Li
- Technical University of Munich, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - A Busch
- Technical University of Munich, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - H H Jin
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Hofmann
- JW Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R A Boon
- JW Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Pelisek
- Technical University of Munich, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - V Paloschi
- Technical University of Munich, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - J Roy
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H H Eckstein
- Technical University of Munich, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - J M Spin
- Stanford University Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, United States of America
| | - P S Tsao
- Stanford University Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, United States of America
| | - L Maegdefessel
- Technical University of Munich, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
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18
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Li DY, Paloschi V, Jin HH, Eckstein HH, Pelisek J, Perisic L, Hedin U, Maegdefessel L. P3200Long non-coding RNA MIAT regulates smooth muscle cell plasticity and macrophage activity in advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Y Li
- Technical University of Munich, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - V Paloschi
- Technical University of Munich, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - H H Jin
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H H Eckstein
- Technical University of Munich, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - J Pelisek
- Technical University of Munich, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - L Perisic
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U Hedin
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Maegdefessel
- Technical University of Munich, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
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19
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Paloschi V, Rolli C, Buchmann B, Meucci S, Rogowitz F, Bausch A, Maegdefessel L. Abstract 012: Aorta-on-a-chip: a Tool to Gain Molecular and Translational Insight Into Vascular Diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.38.suppl_1.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular cell biology research is focused on understanding how endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells react to relevant biological, chemical and physical stimuli. Importantly,
in vivo
, dynamic conditions are present: vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are constantly subjected to shear stress and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are stretched due to pulsation during the cardiac cycle. A three-dimensional network composed of extracellular matrix proteins maintains the homeostasis of the cells. The aim of this project is to realize an
in vitro
model of the human aorta (
aorta-on-a-chip
), an innovative tool that by resembling the
in vivo
structure of the aorta allows us to study how cells layers and matrix are sensing and responding to a pro-atherogenic environment (i.e. low shear stress) and to gain insight in the pathological remodeling occurring during progression of vascular diseases. The device consists of two re-sealable glass slides, assembled with a membrane suspended in between them, which creates two separate flow chambers. After coating both sides of the membrane with fibronectin, ECs and SMCs are seeded sequentially, in order to obtain a confluent ECs-SMCs co-culture, mimicking the intima-media interface of the aortic wall. The co-culture device is connected to a microfluidic pump system where ECs are exposed to physiologically relevant shear stress (8-12 dyne/cm
2
). The SMCs flow-chamber is exposed to a low shear stress (0.0042 dyne/cm
2
) to ensure physiological turnover of influx of nutrients and efflux of waste. Molecular and phenotypic evaluation of the cells is performed by measuring gene expression changes (RNA sequencing) and protein analyses (immunofluorescence for cell markers), respectively. For translational purposes, cells deriving from patients with aortic diseases (compared to un-diseased organ donor controls) can be implemented and tested with the chip.
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20
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Magné J, Paloschi V, Gonçalves I, Saliba-Gustafsson P, Skogsberg J, Razuvaev A, Jin H, Li Y, Ketelhuth DF, Maegdefessel L, Hedin U, Eriksson P, Ehrenborg E. Abstract 454: Repression of Map1lc3a During Atherosclerosis Progression Plays an Important Role in the Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.38.suppl_1.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Autophagy is a cell survival mechanism, which has been implicated in atherogenesis in mouse models by studying core autophagy machinery proteins using knock-out models. MAP1LC3A and MAP1LC3B play a key role in autophagy activity and have been implicated as prognostic factors in several human cancers. However, data on the involvement of autophagy in human atherosclerotic disease and plaque vulnerability are still sparse and completely lacking with regards to the involvement of MAP1LC3.
Approach and Results:
Using two independent biobanks of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques, we observe that MAP1LC3A mRNA and protein levels are decreased in plaques from patients with symptomatic disease compared to asymptomatic. Notably, MAP1LC3A mRNA levels strongly correlate with vascular smooth muscle cell markers, while MAP1LC3B does not. In in vivo models, we show that MAP1LC3A mRNA is downregulated during the progression of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice as well as upon hyperplasia induced by balloon-injury in rats. In vitro, we show that ablation of MAP1LC3A in human carotid VSMC induces a transient compensatory increase in myocardin, a master regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch.
Conclusions:
Taken together, these results demonstrate that reduced MAP1LC3A expression is a relevant marker of vulnerable plaque phenotype, suggesting an impact on vascular smooth muscle cell biology in the context of atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Technical Univ Munich, Dept of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Experimental Cardiovascular Rsch Group and Cardiology Dept, Clinical Rsch Cntr, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund Univ, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Saliba-Gustafsson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Dept of Medicine, Cntr for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefin Skogsberg
- Vascular Biology Unit, Dept of Med Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Razuvaev
- Dept of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cntr for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Jin
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Dept of Medicine, Cntr for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuhuang Li
- Technical Univ Munich, Dept of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel F.J. Ketelhuth
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Dept of Medicine, Cntr for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Technical Univ Munich, Dept of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Dept of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Cntr for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Dept of Medicine, Cntr for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ehrenborg
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Dept of Medicine, Cntr for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Bjorck H, Du L, Pulignani S, Paloschi V, Lundstromer K, Kostina A, Evangelista A, Maleki S, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P. P178DNA methylation in bicuspid aortic valve aortopathy: potential contribution of oscillatory flow to an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition signature. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy060.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Bjorck
- Karolinska Institute, Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Du
- Karolinska Institute, Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Pulignani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Paloschi
- Karolinska Institute, Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - A Kostina
- Almazov Federal Heart Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | | | - S Maleki
- Karolinska Institute, Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - P Eriksson
- Karolinska Institute, Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Poujade FA, Du L, Paloschi V, Eriksson P. P329Regulation of LTBP expression as a modulator of TGFb availability in patients with BAV. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy060.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F-A Poujade
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Du
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Paloschi
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Eriksson
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paloschi
- From the Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany (V.P., L.M.); and Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (L.M.)
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- From the Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany (V.P., L.M.); and Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (L.M.)
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24
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Busch A, Grimm C, Hartmann E, Paloschi V, Kickuth R, Lengquist M, Otto C, Eriksson P, Kellersmann R, Lorenz U, Maegdefessel L. Vessel wall morphology is equivalent for different artery types and localizations of advanced human aneurysms. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 148:425-433. [PMID: 28478588 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysm formation occurs most frequently as abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but is also seen in other localizations like thoracic or peripheral aneurysm. While initial mechanisms for aneurysm induction remain elusive, observations from AAA samples show transmural inflammation with proteolytic imbalance and repair mechanisms triggered by the innate immune system. However, limited knowledge exists about aneurysm pathology, especially for others than AAA. We compared 42 AAA, 15 popliteal, 3 ascending aortic, five iliac, two femoral, two brachial, one visceral and two secondary aneurysms to non-aneurysmatic controls by histologic analysis, immunohistochemistry and cytokine expression. Muscular and elastic type arteries show a uniform way of aneurysm formation. All samples show similar morphology. The changes compared to controls are distinct and include matrix remodeling with smooth muscle cell phenotype switch and angiogenesis, adventitial lymphoid cell accumulation and M1 macrophage homing together with neutrophil inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines are up-regulated accordingly. Comparative analysis of different disease entities can identify characteristic pathomechanisms. The phenotype of human advanced aneurysm disease is observed for elastic and muscular type arteries, does not differ between disease localizations and might, thus, be a unique response of the vasculature to the still unknown trigger of aneurysm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Busch
- Clinic for General, Visceral, Vascular & Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. .,Molecular Vascular Medicine Group, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Caroline Grimm
- Clinic for General, Visceral, Vascular & Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elena Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska, University hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralph Kickuth
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Christoph Otto
- Clinic for General, Visceral, Vascular & Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska, University hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Kellersmann
- Clinic for General, Visceral, Vascular & Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Lorenz
- Clinic for General, Visceral, Vascular & Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Molecular Vascular Medicine Group, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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25
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Perisic Matic L, Rykaczewska U, Razuvaev A, Sabater-Lleal M, Lengquist M, Miller CL, Ericsson I, Röhl S, Kronqvist M, Aldi S, Magné J, Paloschi V, Vesterlund M, Li Y, Jin H, Diez MG, Roy J, Baldassarre D, Veglia F, Humphries SE, de Faire U, Tremoli E, Odeberg J, Vukojević V, Lehtiö J, Maegdefessel L, Ehrenborg E, Paulsson-Berne G, Hansson GK, Lindeman JHN, Eriksson P, Quertermous T, Hamsten A, Hedin U. Phenotypic Modulation of Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis Is Associated With Downregulation of LMOD1, SYNPO2, PDLIM7, PLN, and SYNM. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1947-61. [PMID: 27470516 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Key augmented processes in atherosclerosis have been identified, whereas less is known about downregulated pathways. Here, we applied a systems biology approach to examine suppressed molecular signatures, with the hypothesis that they may provide insight into mechanisms contributing to plaque stability. APPROACH AND RESULTS Muscle contraction, muscle development, and actin cytoskeleton were the most downregulated pathways (false discovery rate=6.99e-21, 1.66e-6, 2.54e-10, respectively) in microarrays from human carotid plaques (n=177) versus healthy arteries (n=15). In addition to typical smooth muscle cell (SMC) markers, these pathways also encompassed cytoskeleton-related genes previously not associated with atherosclerosis. SYNPO2, SYNM, LMOD1, PDLIM7, and PLN expression positively correlated to typical SMC markers in plaques (Pearson r>0.6, P<0.0001) and in rat intimal hyperplasia (r>0.8, P<0.0001). By immunohistochemistry, the proteins were expressed in SMCs in normal vessels, but largely absent in human plaques and intimal hyperplasia. Subcellularly, most proteins localized to the cytoskeleton in cultured SMCs and were regulated by active enhancer histone modification H3K27ac by chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing. Functionally, the genes were downregulated by PDGFB (platelet-derived growth factor beta) and IFNg (interferron gamma), exposure to shear flow stress, and oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) loading. Genetic variants in PDLIM7, PLN, and SYNPO2 loci associated with progression of carotid intima-media thickness in high-risk subjects without symptoms of cardiovascular disease (n=3378). By eQTL (expression quantitative trait locus), rs11746443 also associated with PDLIM7 expression in plaques. Mechanistically, silencing of PDLIM7 in vitro led to downregulation of SMC markers and disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, decreased cell spreading, and increased proliferation. CONCLUSIONS We identified a panel of genes that reflect the altered phenotype of SMCs in vascular disease and could be early sensitive markers of SMC dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Perisic Matic
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.).
| | - Urszula Rykaczewska
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Anton Razuvaev
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Clint L Miller
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Ida Ericsson
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Samuel Röhl
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Malin Kronqvist
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Silvia Aldi
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Joelle Magné
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Mattias Vesterlund
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Yuhuang Li
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Hong Jin
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Maria Gonzalez Diez
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Joy Roy
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Fabrizio Veglia
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Steve E Humphries
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Ulf de Faire
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Elena Tremoli
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Jacob Odeberg
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Ewa Ehrenborg
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Göran K Hansson
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Jan H N Lindeman
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Per Eriksson
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Anders Hamsten
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Ulf Hedin
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (L.P.M., U.R., A.R., M.L., I.E., S.R., M.K., S.A., J.R., U.H.), Medicine (M.S.-L., J.M., V.P., Y.L., H.J., M.G.D., L.M., E.E., G.P.-B., G.K.H., P.E., A.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (U.d.F.), and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University, CA (C.L.M., T.Q.); Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden (M.V., J.L.); Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, Italy (D.B., E.T.); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy (D.B., F.V., E.T.); British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University College of London, United Kingdom (S.E.H.); Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (U.d.F.); Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Proteomics, Stockholm, Sweden (J.O.); and Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
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Björck HM, Du L, Paloschi V, Maleki S, Pulignani S, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P. Abstract 500: DNA Methylation Profiling Reveals an Epithelial/Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition-like Signature of Intima-Media Cells in the Ascending Aorta of Bicuspid Aortic Valve Patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Individuals with bicuspid aortic valves (BAV) are at increased risk of ascending aortic aneurysm than individuals with tricuspid aortic valves (TAV), but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Aberrant DNA methylation has been described in various human diseases, and we have shown that key enzymes in the methylation machinery are differentially expressed in the aortic intima-media of BAV and TAV patients. In the present study, we assessed the hypothesis that DNA methylation may play an important role during aneurysm formation in BAV. We undertook a global methylation approach to delineate biological processes associated with BAV aortopathy, using TAV as a reference.
Methods:
Ascending aortic biopsies were collected from 21 BAV and 24 TAV patients, with either a non-dilated or a dilated aorta, at the time of surgery. Global DNA methylation was measured in the intima-media layer using Illumina 450k Array. Gene expression was analyzed in the same samples using Affymetrix Exon Array.
Results:
Compared with TAV, the BAV dilated aorta was hypomethylated (P=0.031), correlating with an up-regulation of global gene expression. A total of 4913 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified and Hallmark analysis of the DMR-associated genes with a fold change of 10% (n=3147) showed a gene signature of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) (FDR q=2.91e-29). This was further confirmed by functional annotation analysis of hypomethylated DMRs using the Genomic Regions Enrichment of Annotations Tool (Stanford University), showing association to actin filament bundle (P=7.09e-12), stress fibers (P=1.72e-11) and adherence junctions (P=2.97e-8). Interestingly, analysis of non-dilated BAV and TAV aorta revealed that genes involved in EMT were the most differentially methylated genes prior to dilatation (FDR q=1.18e-6). We further confirmed the EMT-related molecular signature by immunostaining of some key players of EMT. In conclusion, epigenetic profiling clearly revealed differential methylation between BAV and TAV aorta, particularly in EMT-related genes. Aberrant EMT in the ascending aorta prior to dilatation may constitute the basis for the increased aneurysm susceptibility in BAV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Björck
- Dept of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Du
- Dept of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Shohreh Maleki
- Dept of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Pulignani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Rsch Council, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Per Eriksson
- Dept of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Busch A, Schmidt C, Paloschi V, Eriksson P, Ergün S, Lorenz U, Hartmann E, Kellersmann R, Maegdefessel L, Otto C. Abstract 552: End Stage Human Aneurysm Disease in Different Arterial Positions is Similar, Aneurysm Induction in Mouse Models is Not. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Aneurysm disease occurs throughout the arterial tree, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) being the most frequent ones. The pathology is best examined, yet little understood, for AAA. Aneurysm disease has distinct features like angiogenesis and phenotype switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). However, little is known about these characteristics in other than AAA.
Material and Methods:
From a surgical biobank we compared 42 AAA, 15 PAA, 3 ascending aortic, 5 iliac, 3 femoral, 2 brachial, 1 visceral and 1 carotid artery aneurysm on morphologic, protein and mRNA-expression levels. Two multi-stage mouse models of aneurysm disease were applied to test response to aneurysm induction at different arterial locations.
Results:
AAAs show a varying histomorphologic appearance, not seen in PAA, which, in turn, has a high proliferation rate in the aneurysm sac, making other than surgical interventions appealing. All entities show VSMC phenotype switch, angiogenesis, matrix remodeling and T-cell/macrophage inflammation. AAA and PAA have similar alterations in TGFß-signaling. To further investigate these conditions in mouse models, we applied the PPE procedure to a juxtarenal aorta and the EPA model to a thoracic, abdominal and femoral location.
Conclusion:
Despite different arterial morphogenesis, advanced aneurysm disease from human intraoperative specimen shows similar characteristics of end-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Busch
- Dept for General, Visceral, Vascular & Paediatric Surgery, Univ Clinic of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Schmidt
- Dept for General, Visceral, Vascular & Paediatric Surgery, Univ Clinic of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Cntr for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Atherosclerosis Rsch Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cntr for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Atherosclerosis Rsch Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Univ of Würzburg, Insitute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Lorenz
- Dept for General, Visceral, Vascular & Paediatric Surgery, Univ Clinic of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Elena Hartmann
- Univ Hosp of Würzburg, Insitute for Pathology, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Richard Kellersmann
- Dept for General, Visceral, Vascular & Paediatric Surgery, Univ Clinic of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Cntr for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Molecular Vascular Medicine Group, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Otto
- Dept for General, Visceral, Vascular & Paediatric Surgery, Univ Clinic of Würzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Paloschi V. Abstract 259: Aneurysm Development in Patients With a Bicuspid Aortic Valve Is Not Associated With Transforming Growth Factor-β Activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.35.suppl_1.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) have an increased risk of developing ascending aortic aneurysms. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a crucial factor of vascular remodeling, the impaired signaling of which can alter the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix. In this study, we analyzed the activity of TGFβ in aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal ascending aorta from BAV patients, using tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients as a reference group.
Approach and Results:
The response to exogenous TGFβ was analyzed with regard to gene expression in primary aortic smooth muscle cells that were isolated from 7 BAV and 5 TAV patients and in valve fibroblasts from 7 BAV and 8 TAV patients. The set of genes that were significantly changed by TGFβ (217 genes) was compared with gene expression profiles of the ascending aorta from BAV and TAV patients (139 arrays). By principle component analysis, based on the 217 genes, gene expression differed significantly in the intima/media region between aneurysmal BAV and TAV aortas, driven by the response in TAV patients. During the development of aneurysm, the levels of phosphorylated SMADs and the availability of free TGFβ were lower in BAV patients compared with TAV patients. Confocal microscopy analysis showed a higher co-localization of latency associated peptide and latent TGF-beta binding protein 3 in BAV aortas.
Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that TGFβ activation during aneurysm formation is muted in patients with BAV and, by interfering with repair processes, could explain the greater propensity of BAV to aortic complications.
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Paloschi V, Gådin JR, Khan S, Björck HM, Du L, Maleki S, Roy J, Lindeman JHM, Mohamed SA, Tsuda T, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P. Aneurysm development in patients with a bicuspid aortic valve is not associated with transforming growth factor-β activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:973-80. [PMID: 25745062 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) have an increased risk of developing ascending aortic aneurysms. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a crucial factor of vascular remodeling, the impaired signaling of which can alter the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix. In this study, we analyzed the activity of TGFβ in aneurysmal and nonaneurysmal ascending aorta from BAV patients, using tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients as a reference group. APPROACH AND RESULTS The response to exogenous TGFβ was analyzed with regard to gene expression in primary aortic smooth muscle cells that were isolated from 7 BAV and 5 TAV patients and in valve fibroblasts from 7 BAV and 8 TAV patients. The set of genes that were significantly changed by TGFβ (217 genes) was compared with gene expression profiles of the ascending aorta from BAV and TAV patients (139 arrays). By principle component analysis, based on the 217 genes, gene expression differed significantly in the intima/media region between aneurysmal BAV and TAV aortas, driven by the response in TAV patients. During aneurysm development the levels of phosphorylated SMADs and the availability of free TGFβ were lower in BAV patients compared with TAV. Confocal microscopy analysis showed a higher colocalization of latency associated peptide and latent TGFβ binding protein 3 in BAV aortas. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that TGFβ activation during aneurysm formation is muted in patients with BAV, possibly as a result of an increased TGFβ sequestration in the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paloschi
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.).
| | - Jesper R Gådin
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Shaukat Khan
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Hanna M Björck
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Lei Du
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Shohreh Maleki
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Joy Roy
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Jan H M Lindeman
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Salah A Mohamed
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Takeshi Tsuda
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Per Eriksson
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
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Maleki S, Björck HM, Paloschi V, Kjellqvist S, Folkersen L, Jackson V, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P. Aneurysm Development in Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV): Possible Connection to Repair Deficiency? Aorta (Stamford) 2013; 1:13-22. [PMID: 26798668 DOI: 10.12945/j.aorta.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Maleki
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna M Björck
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina Paloschi
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanela Kjellqvist
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lasse Folkersen
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Jackson
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wågsäter D, Paloschi V, Hanemaaijer R, Hultenby K, Bank RA, Franco-Cereceda A, Lindeman JHN, Eriksson P. Impaired collagen biosynthesis and cross-linking in aorta of patients with bicuspid aortic valve. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000034. [PMID: 23525417 PMCID: PMC3603268 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.112.000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) have an increased risk of developing ascending aortic aneurysm. In the present study, collagen homeostasis in nondilated and dilated aorta segments from patients with BAV was studied, with normal and dilated aortas from tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients as reference. Methods and Results Ascending aortas from 56 patients were used for biochemical and morphological analyses of collagen. mRNA expression was analyzed in 109 patients. Collagen turnover rates were similar in nondilated and dilated aortas of BAV patients, showing that aneurysmal formation in BAV is, in contrast to TAV, not associated with an increased collagen turnover. However, BAV in general was associated with an increased aortic collagen turnover compared with nondilated aortas of TAV patients. Importantly, the ratio of hydroxylysyl pyridinoline (HP) to lysyl pyridinoline (LP), 2 distinct forms of collagen cross‐linking, was lower in dilated aortas from patients with BAV, which suggests that BAV is associated with a defect in the posttranslational collagen modification. This suggests a deficiency at the level of lysyl hydroxylase (PLOD1), which was confirmed by mRNA and protein analyses that showed reduced PLOD1 expression but normal lysyl oxidase expression in dilated aortas from patients with BAV. This suggests that impaired collagen cross‐linking in BAV patients may be attributed to changes in the expression and/or activity of PLOD1. Conclusions Our results demonstrate an impaired biosynthesis and posttranslational modification of collagen in aortas of patients with BAV, which may explain the increased aortic aneurysm formation in BAV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick Wågsäter
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jackson V, Olsson T, Kurtovic S, Folkersen L, Paloschi V, Wågsäter D, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P. Matrix metalloproteinase 14 and 19 expression is associated with thoracic aortic aneurysms. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 144:459-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Paloschi V, Folkersen L, Kurtovic S, Wagsater D, Franco Cereceda A, Roy J, Eriksson P. Abstract 397: Analysis of Cell Phenotype in Relation to TGFβ Treatment of Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells and Myofibroblasts Isolated from Aortas and Valves of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Patients with a Tricuspid or a Bicuspid Valve. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.32.suppl_1.a397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a pathological widening of the aorta, due to degeneration of extracellular matrix (ECM) and loss of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a congenital disorder present in 1-2 % of the population which makes TAA associated with BAV a common complication. Previously we showed that aortas isolated from BAV and normal tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients are different both at gene and protein levels. Particularly, differences in the TGFβ pathway seem to be crucial players in aneurysm development, affecting matrix remodeling and wound healing. Since SMCs and myofibroblasts are the critical cells responsible for these activities, we evaluated different properties of the cells focusing on fibronectin (FN) and its spliced versions, a target gene of TGFβ. Interestingly, extra domain A of FN (EDA) was previously described for its roles in vascular morphogenesis, as well as in processes like migration and proliferation.
Methods and results
Biopsies from the thoracic aorta and Aortic valves were collected during Elective Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery. mRNA expression was analyzed in the ascending aorta by Affymetrix Exon arrays in patients with TAV (n=46) and BAV (n=77). Expression of EDA was found increased only in dilated aortas from TAV patients but not in BAV patients.
Primary SMCs were isolated with the explant outgrowth technique from aortas of BAV and TAV patients (n=15). Myofibroblasts were isolated by collagenase digestion from BAV and TAV valves (n=30). Cells were cultured and treated with TGFβ at a concentration of 20 ng/ml for 6h. TGFβ treatment influenced the splicing of FN and enhanced the formation of EDA-containing FN in SMCs from TAV patients but not in cells derived from BAV patients. We have not observed clear differences in SMC proliferation and migration. Myofibrolasts analysis is ongoing.
Conclusions
So far, our results suggest that despite a decreased EDA-fibronectin expression in BAV cells, the phenotype of SMCs isolated from BAV and TAV patients in culture does not differ. However, impaired TGFβ signaling that may result in the increased susceptibility of BAV patients to develop TAA could be due to effects on other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dick Wagsater
- Dept of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Joy Roy
- Dept of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Dept of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Norata GD, Pulakazhi Venu VK, Callegari E, Paloschi V, Catapano AL. Effect of Tie-2 conditional deletion of BDNF on atherosclerosis in the ApoE null mutant mouse. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012; 1822:927-35. [PMID: 22386878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The reduced expression (haplodeficiency) of the main brain derived neurotrophic factor receptor, namely TrkB is associated with reduced atherosclerosis, smooth muscle cells accumulation and collagen content in the lesion. These data support the concept that brain derived neurotrophic factor of vascular origin may contribute to atherosclerosis. However, to date, no experimental approach was possible to investigate this issue due to the lethality of brain derived neurotrophic factor null mice. To overcome these limitations, we generated a mouse model with a conditional deletion of brain derived neurotrophic factor in endothelial cells (Tie-2 Cre recombinase) on an atherosclerotic prone background (apolipoprotein E knock out) and investigated the effect of conditional brain derived neurotrophic factor deficiency on atherosclerosis. Despite brain derived neurotrophic factor reduction in the vascular wall, mice with conditional deletion of brain derived neurotrophic factor did not develop larger atherosclerotic lesion compared to controls. Smooth muscle cell content as well as the distribution of total and fibrillar collagen was similar in the atherosclerotic lesions from mice with brain derived neurotrophic factor conditional deficiency compared to controls. Finally an extended gene expression analysis failed to identify pro-atherogenic gene expression patterns among the animal with brain derived neurotrophic factor deficiency. In spite of the reduced brain derived neurotrophic factor expression, similar atherosclerosis development was observed in the brain derived neurotrophic factor conditional deficient mouse compared to controls. These pieces of evidence indicate that endothelial derived-brain derived neurotrophic factor is not a pro-atherogenic factor and would rather suggest to investigate the role of other TrkB activators on atherosclerosis.
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Folkersen L, Wågsäter D, Paloschi V, Jackson V, Petrini J, Kurtovic S, Maleki S, Eriksson MJ, Caidahl K, Hamsten A, Michel JB, Liska J, Gabrielsen A, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P. Unraveling divergent gene expression profiles in bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve patients with thoracic aortic dilatation: the ASAP study. Mol Med 2011; 17:1365-73. [PMID: 21968790 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a common complication in patients with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most frequent congenital heart disorder. For unknown reasons TAA occurs at a younger age, with a higher frequency in BAV patients than in patients with a tricuspid aortic valve (TAV), resulting in an increased risk for aortic dissection and rupture. To investigate the increased TAA incidence in BAV patients, we obtained tissue biopsy samples from nondilated and dilated aortas of 131 BAV and TAV patients. Global gene expression profiles were analyzed from controls and from aortic intima-media and adventitia of patients (in total 345 samples). Of the genes found to be differentially expressed with dilation, only a few (<4%) were differentially expressed in both BAV and TAV patients. With the use of gene set enrichment analysis, the cell adhesion and extracellular region gene ontology sets were identified as common features of TAA in both BAV and TAV patients. Immune response genes were observed to be particularly overexpressed in the aortic media of dilated TAV samples. The divergent gene expression profiles indicate that there are fundamental differences in TAA etiology in BAV and TAV patients. Immune response activation solely in the aortic media of TAV patients suggests that inflammation is involved in TAA formation in TAV but not in BAV patients. Conversely, genes were identified that were only differentially expressed with dilation in BAV patients. The result has bearing on future clinical studies in which separate analysis of BAV and TAV patients is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Folkersen
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kurtovic S, Paloschi V, Folkersen L, Gottfries J, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P. Diverging alternative splicing fingerprints in the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway identified in thoracic aortic aneurysms. Mol Med 2011; 17:665-75. [PMID: 21448509 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired regulation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling pathway has been linked to thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). Previous work has indicated that differential splicing is a common phenomenon, potentially influencing the function of proteins. In the present study we investigated the occurrence of differential splicing in the TGFβ pathway associated with TAA in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). Affymetrix human exon arrays were applied to 81 intima/media tissue samples from dilated (n = 51) and nondilated (n = 30) aortas of TAV and BAV patients. To analyze the occurrence of alternative splicing in the TGFβ pathway, multivariate techniques, including principal component analysis and OPLS-DA (orthogonal partial least squares to latent structures discriminant analysis), were applied on all exons (n = 614) of the TGFβ pathway. The scores plot, based on the splice index of individual exons, showed separate clusters of patients with both dilated and nondilated aorta, thereby illustrating the potential importance of alternative splicing in TAA. In total, differential splicing was detected in 187 exons. Furthermore, the pattern of alternative splicing is clearly differs between TAV and BAV patients. Differential splicing was specific for BAV and TAV patients in 40 and 86 exons, respectively, and splicings of 61 exons were shared between the two phenotypes. The occurrence of differential splicing was demonstrated in selected genes by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In summary, alternative splicing is a common feature of TAA formation. Our results suggest that dilatation in TAV and BAV patients has different alternative splicing fingerprints in the TGFβ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanela Kurtovic
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Paloschi V, Kurtovic S, Folkersen L, Gomez D, Wågsäter D, Roy J, Petrini J, Eriksson MJ, Caidahl K, Hamsten A, Liska J, Michel JB, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P. Impaired splicing of fibronectin is associated with thoracic aortic aneurysm formation in patients with bicuspid aortic valve. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 31:691-7. [PMID: 21148425 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.218461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a common complication in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Alternatively spliced extra domain A (EDA) of fibronectin (FN) has an essential role in tissue repair. Here we analyze the expression of FN spliceforms in dilated and nondilated ascending aorta of tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) and BAV patients. METHODS AND RESULTS The mRNA expression was analyzed in the ascending aorta by Affymetrix Exon arrays in patients with TAV (n=40) and BAV (n=69). EDA and extra domain B (EDB) expression was increased in dilated aorta from TAV patients compared with nondilated aorta (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively). In contrast, EDA expression was not increased in dilated aorta from BAV patients (P=0.25), whereas EDB expression was upregulated (P<0.01). The expression of EDA correlated with maximum aortic diameter in TAV (ρ=0.58) but not in BAV (ρ=0.15) patients. Protein analyses of EDA-FN showed concordant results. Transforming growth factor-β treatment influenced the splicing of FN and enhanced the formation of EDA-containing FN in cultured medial cells from TAV patients but not in cells derived from BAV patients. Gene set enrichment analysis together with multivariate and univariate data analyses of mRNA expression suggested that differences in the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway may explain the impaired EDA inclusion in BAV patients. CONCLUSIONS Decreased EDA expression may contribute to increased aneurysm susceptibility of BAV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paloschi
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Paloschi V, Arcidiacono T, Stella P, Rainone F, Terranegra A, Dogliotti E, Soldati L, Vezzoli G. [What do we know after ten years of genetic research into calcium kidney stones?]. G Ital Nefrol 2009; 26:64-72. [PMID: 19255965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies of calcium kidney stones have so far assessed single candidate genes by testing linkage disequilibrium or association between a locus and stone disease. They showed the possible involvement of the calciumsensing receptor gene, vitamin D receptor gene, and bicarbonate-sensitive adenylate cyclase gene. In addition to research in humans, the study of different strains of knock-out mice let us include the gene of phosphate reabsorption carrier NPT2, caveolin-1, protein NHERF-1 modulating calcium and urate reabsorption, osteopontin and Tamm-Horsfall protein among the possible determinants. However, the interactions between genes and also between environmental factors and genes are generally considered fundamental in calcium stone formation. Thus, the genetic studies carried out to date have not led to a significant growth of the knowledge about the causes of calcium kidney stones, even though they have allowed us to assess the size of the problem and define criteria to address it. Further knowledge of the causes of calcium stones may be obtained using the instruments that modern biotechnology and bioinformatics have made available to researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Paloschi
- Unita' di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Universita' Vita Salute, Milano, Italy
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Arcidiacono T, Paloschi V, Rainone F, Terranegra A, Dogliotti E, Aloia A, Soldati L, Vezzoli G. Renal osteodystrophy and vascular calcification. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:21-6. [PMID: 19724162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by phosphate retention and reduced synthesis of 1.25(OH)2-vitamin D stimulating parathyroid hyperplasia. These changes cause a complex osteopathy, defined as renal osteodystrophy, and vascular calcification. Renal osteodystrophy increases the risk of fracture and causes deformities and disability. Vascular calcification occurs in a large proportion of hemodialysis patients and is a marker of arteriopathy. Calcifying arteriopathy induces arterial stiffness and contributes to the high cardiovascular mortality and morbidity among CKD patients. Vascular calcification results from a process of local bone formation induced by osteoblast-like cells developing in the vascular wall from resident cells. Osteoblast differentiation of resident vascular cells may be mediated by metabolic factors and may be induced by high concentrations of phosphate. Therefore, phosphate retention appears as the most detrimental factor affecting arteries in CKD patients. There is no specific therapy to revert soft tissue calcification, but calcification must be prevented in the early stages of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arcidiacono
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital, Vita Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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Vezzoli G, Terranegra A, Arcidiacono T, Biasion R, Coviello D, Syren ML, Paloschi V, Giannini S, Mignogna G, Rubinacci A, Ferraretto A, Cusi D, Bianchi G, Soldati L. R990G polymorphism of calcium-sensing receptor does produce a gain-of-function and predispose to primary hypercalciuria. Kidney Int 2007; 71:1155-62. [PMID: 17332735 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An association between the R990G polymorphism of the CaSR gene, coding for calcium-sensing receptor, and primary hypercalciuria was found in kidney stone formers. To confirm this relationship, we investigated hypercalciuric women without stones and studied the effect of CaSR gene in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). We genotyped for CaSR A986S, R990G, and Q1011E polymorphisms, 119 normocalciuric and 124 hypercalciuric women with negative history of kidney stones. Homozygous (n=2) or heterozygous (n=21) women for the 990G allele considered as one group had an increased risk to be hypercalciuric (odds ratio=5.2; P=0.001) and higher calcium excretion (P=0.005) in comparison with homozygous women for the 990R allele (n=220). HEK-293 cells were transfected with the variant allele at the three CaSR gene polymorphisms and with the most common allele with no variants. The transient increment of intracellular calcium caused by the stepwise increase of extracellular calcium was evaluated in stable transfected cells loaded with fura-2 AM. The extracellular calcium concentration producing the half-maximal intracellular calcium response was lower in HEK-293 cells transfected with the 990G allele than in those transfected with the wild-type allele (P=0.0001). Our findings indicate that R990G polymorphism results in a gain-of-function of the calcium-sensing receptor and increased susceptibility to primary hypercalciuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vezzoli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Postgraduate School of Nephrology, Vita Salute University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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