1
|
Clements K, Thapa A, Cowell A, Conway D, Douglas CM, Paterson C. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stage and incidence of head and neck cancer: A rapid review and meta-analysis. Clin Otolaryngol 2024; 49:363-375. [PMID: 38514776 DOI: 10.1111/coa.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This rapid review aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) and stage distribution at diagnosis. DESIGN Rapid review and meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS Comparative data for new HNC patients between a pre-pandemic cohort (before March 2020) and a pandemic cohort (after March 2020 during the lockdown period). MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURED Data on tumour stage, incidence, referral pathway (number of new patient referrals), or workload levels (number of HNC treatments). Data on stage were summarised as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and data related to changes in numbers of diagnoses, referrals, and workload levels were summarised as a narrative synthesis. RESULTS A total of 31 reports were included in this review. Individually 16 out of 23 studies did not show a significant impact on stage relative to the pre-pandemic period. However, the meta-analysis revealed that patients diagnosed with HNC during the pandemic were 16% more likely to have nodal involvement (OR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.00-1.35), 17% more likely to have a late overall stage (OR = 1.17; 95% CI 1.01-1.36), and 32% more likely to present with advanced tumour extent (T3 and T4 stage) (OR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.08-1.62). Data on incidence was extremely limited and not currently sufficient to assess trends in burden of disease. CONCLUSIONS This review indicates that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was upstaging of HNC at diagnosis, suggesting the provision of care to HNC patients was significantly affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelten Clements
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alekh Thapa
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Cowell
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Conway
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Glasgow Head and Neck Cancer (GLAHNC) Research Group, Glasgow, UK
| | - Catriona M Douglas
- Glasgow Head and Neck Cancer (GLAHNC) Research Group, Glasgow, UK
- Department of ENT-Head and Neck Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary and Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claire Paterson
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
- Glasgow Head and Neck Cancer (GLAHNC) Research Group, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ranganathan K, Kavitha L. Clinical aspects of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in South and Southeast Asia. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38817004 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) are major health problems in South and Southeast Asia. AIMS To describe and discuss the clinical aspects of Oral Cancer and OPMD in South and Southeast Asia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature review of concepts and data over the last four decades. DISCUSSION Asian countries account for about two-thirds of new cases of oral cancer (OC) globally, with the highest burden in the South and Southeast Asian countries, including Pakistan and India. Habits, dietary patterns, socioeconomic status, and access to routine dental care play a crucial role in defining the demographics and clinical presentation of OC in these regions and significantly influence the morbidity and mortality of the disease. This region sees the use of different types of tobacco with or without areca nut (AN), such as pan masala, gutka, gul, snuff, mawa, and mishri. Tobacco use is high among men in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Maldives, Bangladesh, Nepal, India and Bhutan. Areca nut is the fourth most common addictive substance globally and is frequently used in South and Southeast Asian countries, including Southeast China, Hainan Island, India, Taiwan, and the Pacific Islands, and immigrants from these regions in Africa, Europe, and North America. The use of these products results in mucosal alterations with varied clinical presentation of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) and OC. We discuss here the different types of OPMD and OC, the diagnostic aids and their relevance in clinical practice, and factors that influence their prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Ranganathan
- Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loganathan Kavitha
- Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ioannidis A, Kyrodimos E, Riga D, Nikolopoulos I, Giotakis AI. Parotid Metastasis of Early-Stage Upper Eyelid Sebaceous Carcinoma: A Case Presentation and a Literature Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e56838. [PMID: 38654808 PMCID: PMC11037876 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis from early-stage sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid to the salivary glands is considered very rare, occurring in less than 3% of early-stage patients. We report the case of a 72-year-old Caucasian man with a parotid tumor. Fine needle aspiration was consistent with a salivary duct carcinoma. A subtotal parotidectomy with ipsilateral neck dissection was performed. The pathology report revealed a sebaceous carcinoma with one parotid and two cervical lymph nodes infiltrated. The patient had a history of an early-stage sebaceous carcinoma of the upper eyelid two years before, which was revealed after the histological examination. An early-stage eyelid sebaceous carcinoma can metastasize to lymph nodes of the parotid glands. A close follow-up should not be neglected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Ioannidis
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Efthymios Kyrodimos
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | - Dimitra Riga
- Pathology, Hippocration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, GRC
| | | | - Aristeidis I Giotakis
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hippocration Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, GRC
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ippokrateio General Hospital of Athens, Athens, GRC
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maniam P, Ishii H, Stechman MJ, Watkinson J, Farnell K, Kim D, Nixon IJ. A study of variation in therapeutic approach to low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer in the UK. J Laryngol Otol 2024; 138:83-88. [PMID: 37194495 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215123000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The British Thyroid Association and American Thyroid Association guideline definitions for low-risk differentiated thyroid cancers are susceptible to differing interpretations, resulting in different clinical management in the UK. OBJECTIVE To explore the national effect of these guidelines on the management of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancers. METHODS Anonymised questionnaires were sent to multidisciplinary teams performing thyroidectomies in the UK. Risk factors that multidisciplinary teams considered important when managing low-risk differentiated thyroid cancers were established. RESULTS Most surgeons (71 out of 75; 94.7 per cent) confirmed they were core multidisciplinary team members. More than 80 per cent of respondents performed at least 30 hemi- and/or total thyroidectomies per annum. A majority of multidisciplinary teams (50 out of 75; 66.7 per cent) followed British Thyroid Association guidelines. Risk factors considered important when managing low-risk differentiated thyroid cancers included: type of tumour histology findings (87.8 per cent), tumour size of greater than 4 cm (86.5 per cent), tumour stage T3b (85.1 per cent) and central neck node involvement (85.1 per cent). Extent of thyroid surgery (e.g. hemi- or total thyroidectomy) was highly variable for low-risk differentiated thyroid cancers. CONCLUSION Management of low-risk differentiated thyroid cancers is highly variable, leading to a heterogeneous patient experience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavithran Maniam
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Hiro Ishii
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michael J Stechman
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - John Watkinson
- Department of Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kate Farnell
- Butterfly Thyroid Cancer Trust, Rowlands Gill, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Dae Kim
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian J Nixon
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chandra P, Deshmukh SP, Kendre A, Gupta M. Novel Scoring Formula to Predict Survival in Patients of Primary Tongue Cancer Belonging to Tobacco Chewing Population. Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:928-934. [PMID: 38187857 PMCID: PMC10767176 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-023-01799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide and in India head and neck malignancies are a major contributor to cancer mortality and morbidity. Tongue cancer predominates oral cavity cancers worldwide but in India it comes next to buccal mucosa. OPD patients after completing treatment tend to ask about the prognosis of their disease where they want an objective answer to "How long will I live?" His scoring system is intended to answer this question and guide patients for adjuvant therapy. This study enrolled all patients between 20 and 85 years old with a history of tobacco chewing at least for the last 1 year before diagnosis. Patients should have primary tongue cancer amenable to surgical resection. For survival calculation, date of diagnosis was taken as reference time. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, clinicopathological factors significantly associated with survival were ascertained. Then using logit regression, a scoring system predicting patient survival in years based on clinicopathological risk factors was formulated and internal validation was done. A total 241 were enrolled and there were 69 cancer-related deaths. T stage, N stage, LVSI, and DOI were found to be significantly associated with cancer-related survival in tongue cancer patients. Another factor affecting survival was defaulting adjuvant radiation therapy. Using these variables, a survival predicting score was developed. On internal validation and regression, the score was found 80% accurate with error limits ± 6 months. It is a concise comprehensive score applicable on Indian population with history of tobacco chewing. It will not only help clinicians to tell patients about their survival expectancy but also help to counsel them for adjuvant therapy. However, external validation and if required recalibration incorporating other factors need to be done for this score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasant Chandra
- Surgical Oncology, DY Patil Medical College and Research Centre, Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018 India
| | - Sanjay P. Deshmukh
- Surgical Oncology, Ruby Hall Clinic, 40, Sassoon Rd, Sangamvadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411001 India
| | - Ajita Kendre
- Aditya Birla Memorial Hospital, Aditya Birla Hospital Marg, Thergaon, Pimpri-Chinchwad, Maharashtra 411033 India
| | - Moulik Gupta
- Surgical Oncology, Ruby Hall Clinic, 40, Sassoon Rd, Sangamvadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411001 India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin C, Lin L, Chen T, Ye Y, Chiang B. The expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits and their associations with local immune cells and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18918-18930. [PMID: 37654227 PMCID: PMC10557882 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that may be responsible for cancer cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and immune regulation. However, little is known about the associations of different nAChR subunits with tumor microenvironment in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed pathology samples from 75 OSCC patients by immunohistochemistry. In addition, a cohort of 307 OSCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas was analyzed. RESULTS Subunit α1 was specific to peri-OSCC skeletal muscle. Increased α1 was associated with increased CD44 (cancer stem cells), increased CD3 and 8 (T cells), increased CD56 and 16 (natural killer cells), a decreased T stage, and an increased N stage. Increased α3 was associated with increased CD56 and 16. Increased α5 was associated with decreased CD3, 8, and 56, a decreased T stage, an increased N stage, worse survival, and decreased epithelial features. Increased α7 was associated with increased CD3, 8, 56, and 16, decreased tumor/peritumor ratios of CD3, 8, and 56 immune cells, and increased epithelial features. Increased local immune cells were associated with a better prognosis. CONCLUSIONS α5 is the only subunit associated with decreased local immune cells and worse survival, while α1, α3, and α7 are associated with increased local immune cells in OSCC. α5 and α7 are correlated with different EMT states to be mesenchymal-like and epithelial-like OSCC, respectively. Protein expression data of the nAChR subunits, complementary to gene expression data, could provide meaningful information regarding the EMT status of OSCC associated with immune responses and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi‐Maw Lin
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Taiwan University Hospital, Yun‐Lin BranchTaipeiTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Long‐Wei Lin
- Department of PathologyNational Taiwan University Hospital, Yun‐Lin BranchTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tseng‐Cheng Chen
- Department of OtolaryngologyNational Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Ling Ye
- Department of BiotechnologyNational Formosa UniversityHuweiTaiwan
| | - Bor‐Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pimvichai S, Matchim Y, Sinthusake T, Wongkalasin K. Quality of life and its correlates in pretreatment patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer: A cross-sectional study in Thailand. BELITUNG NURSING JOURNAL 2023; 9:244-252. [PMID: 37492758 PMCID: PMC10363966 DOI: 10.33546/bnj.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) can significantly impact the quality of life of patients in various ways. However, several factors can contribute to the decrease in quality of life. In Thailand, there is limited knowledge about the factors that affect the quality of life of patients with LAHNC before they receive treatment. Objective This study aimed to examine the correlations between Palliative Performance Scale (PPS), family income, body mass index (BMI), age, comorbidity index, and the quality of life of patients with LAHNC before they undergo treatment. Methods A correlational cross-sectional study was conducted, and data were collected from 94 pretreatment patients with LAHNC who were admitted to a cancer center in central Thailand using purposive sampling. The data collection instruments included a demographic data form, a medical record form, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), the Palliative Performance Scale (PPS), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck (FACT-H&N) version 4. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyze the data. Results All study participants completed the questionnaire. The results showed that the overall quality of life of the patients was moderate. PPS, family income, and body mass index were moderately positively correlated with quality of life (r = 0.494, p <0.01; r = 0.420, p <0.01; r = 0.339, p <0.01, respectively). Age had a moderate negative correlation with quality of life (r = -0.596, p <0.01), while comorbidity was not significantly associated with quality of life. Conclusion The quality of life of patients with LAHNC before treatment was associated with various factors, including PPS, family income, body mass index, and age. These findings highlight the importance of nutritional support before treatment and the need for social support, especially for older adult patients, to improve their quality of life. The results of this study can be valuable for nurses in developing care programs that enhance the quality of life for patients with LAHNC during the pretreatment phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaowarat Matchim
- Faculty of Nursing, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Tanadej Sinthusake
- Maha Vajiralongkorn Thanyaburi Hospital, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sobhi S, Wormald R, Hollitt S, Flukes S. Survival and prognosis of surgical head and neck cancer patients aged 80 years and older. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2023; 8:659-666. [PMID: 37342112 PMCID: PMC10278103 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Elderly patients (≥80 years of age) with head and neck cancer (HNC) can prove a management challenge due to concerns regarding their suitability for surgery. This study aims to describe the characteristics and outcomes of elderly patients undergoing HNC surgery. Methods A retrospective review of elderly patients undergoing HNC surgery was conducted. Demographics, comorbidities, tumor characteristics, surgical procedure type, postoperative complications, and disposition were reviewed. Overall survival (OS) in the elderly cohort was compared against younger patients (<80 years). Results A total of 595 patients were included, of whom 86 were aged >80 years (71% male; mean age 84.8, range 80.0-98.8 years). The overall complication rate was 43%. When compared with younger patients (n = 509), elderly patients had reduced OS (risk ratio: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3-3.2), higher 90-day mortality (8.1% vs. 2.3%, p = .005), and lower 5-year survival (43.5% vs. 64.1%, p < .001). However, survival was comparable to age-specific life expectancy. There was no difference in OS, 90-day mortality, and 5-year survival when comparing >85 (n = 33) and 80-85 (n = 53) age groups. Conclusions Chronological age alone should not negatively influence decision-making in HNC surgery the elderly. With careful preoperative selection and optimization, surgery can be performed at acceptable risk with good outcomes in elderly patients. Level of evidence IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salar Sobhi
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of SurgeryFiona Stanley HospitalMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Robert Wormald
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of SurgeryFiona Stanley HospitalMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Stephanie Hollitt
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of SurgeryFiona Stanley HospitalMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Stephanie Flukes
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of SurgeryFiona Stanley HospitalMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Division of SurgeryUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cheng EY, Kim JH, Grose EM, Philteos J, Levin M, de Almeida J, Goldstein D. Clinicopathological Predictors of Survival for Parotid Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:611-618. [PMID: 35316125 DOI: 10.1177/01945998221086845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various prognostic factors are associated with the survival of patients with parotid mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the clinical and pathologic prognostic factors on survival outcomes in patients with parotid MEC. DATA SOURCES Articles published from database inception to July 2020 on OVID Medline, OVID Embase, Cochrane Central, and Scopus. REVIEW METHODS Studies were included that reported clinical or pathologic prognostic factors on survival outcomes for adult patients with parotid MEC. Data extraction, risk of bias, and quality assessment were conducted by 2 independent reviewers. RESULTS A total of 4290 titles were reviewed, 396 retrieved for full-text screening, and 18 included in the review. The average risk of bias was high, and quality assessment for the prognostic factors ranged from very low to moderate. Prognostic factors that were consistently associated with negative survival outcomes on multivariate analysis included histologic grade (hazard ratio [HR], 5.66), nodal status (HR, 2.86), distant metastasis (HR, 3.10-5.80), intraparotid metastasis (HR, 13.52), and age (HR, 1.02-6.86). Prognostic factors that inconsistently reported associations with survival outcomes were TNM stage, T classification, and N classification. CONCLUSION Histologic grade, nodal status, distant metastasis, intraparotid metastasis, and age were associated with worse survival outcomes. These prognostic factors should be considered when determining the most appropriate treatment and follow-up plan for patients with parotid MEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elysia M Grose
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Justine Philteos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc Levin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - John de Almeida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Discovering the Clinical and Prognostic Role of Pan-Immune-Inflammation Values on Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15010322. [PMID: 36612318 PMCID: PMC9818418 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly introduced pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) was not evaluated for its role in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, the PIV was calculated with the following equation (neutrophil count × platelet count × monocyte count)/lymphocyte count from the results of the automated hematology analyzers in 853 OSCC patients from 2005 to 2017. The optimal cutoff for the preoperative PIV was 268, as determined by a receiver operating characteristic curve. Significant differences were observed for alcohol consumption, smoking, pT status, pN status, overall pathological status, extranodal extension, cell differentiation, depth of invasion, and perineural invasion between higher and lower PIV patients (all p values < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier and univariate regression analyses indicated that higher PIV was associated with worse overall survival, disease-free survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival (all p values < 0.001). Multivariate analyses adjusted by various factors further demonstrated that PIV was an independent prognostic factor for overall and distant metastasis-free survival (p = 0.027, HR: 1.281 and p = 0.031, HR: 1.274, respectively). In conclusion, a higher PIV level was associated with poor clinicopathological factors in OSCC patients and could be used to predict poor posttreatment outcomes, especially for overall and distant metastasis-free survival.
Collapse
|
11
|
Current Insights and Progress in the Clinical Management of Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246079. [PMID: 36551565 PMCID: PMC9776832 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC), also known as the cancer that can affect the structures between the dura mater and the pleura, is the 6th most common type of cancer. This heterogeneous group of malignancies is usually treated with a combination of surgery and radio- and chemotherapy, depending on if the disease is localized or at an advanced stage. However, most HNC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in the death of half of these patients. Thus, the prognosis of advanced or recurrent/metastatic HNC, especially HNC squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), is notably poorer than the prognosis of patients diagnosed with localized HNC. This review explores the epidemiology and etiologic factors of HNC, the histopathology of this heterogeneous cancer, and the diagnosis methods and treatment approaches currently available. Moreover, special interest is given to the novel therapies used to treat HNC subtypes with worse prognosis, exploring immunotherapies and targeted/multi-targeted drugs undergoing clinical trials, as well as light-based therapies (i.e., photodynamic and photothermal therapies).
Collapse
|
12
|
Su YC, Wang CC, Weng JH, Yeh SA, Chen PJ, Hwang TZ, Chen HC. 5-Methoxytryptophan Sensitizing Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cell to Cisplatitn Through Inhibiting Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). Front Oncol 2022; 12:834941. [PMID: 35936759 PMCID: PMC9353643 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.834941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common cancer of the oral cavity. Cisplatin (CDDP) is the ideal chemo-radiotherapy used for several tumor types, but resistance to the drug has become a major obstacle in treating patients with HNSCC. 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP), a 5-methoxyindole metabolite of tryptophan metabolism, reduces inflammation-mediated proliferation and metastasis. This study aimed to assess the anti-oral cancer activity of 5-MTP when used alone or in combination with CDDP. Results showed that CDDP dose dependently reduced the growth of SSC25 cells but not 5-MTP. The combination of CDDP and 5-MTP exerted additional inhibitory effect on the growth of SSC25 cells by attenuating the phosphorylation of STAT3. In the 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced oral cancer mouse model, 5-MTP sensitized the reduction effect of CDDP on tumorigenesis, which restricted the tongue tissue in hyperkeratotic lesion rather than squamous cell carcinoma. The combination of CDDP and 5-MTP may be a potent therapeutic strategy for HNSCC patients with radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Su
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsi Weng
- Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-An Yeh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Zen Hwang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Huang-Chi Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bard JE, Nowak NJ, Buck MJ, Sinha S. Multimodal Dimension Reduction and Subtype Classification of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:892207. [PMID: 35912202 PMCID: PMC9326399 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.892207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional analysis of genomic data from bulk sequencing experiments seek to group and compare sample cohorts into biologically meaningful groups. To accomplish this task, large scale databases of patient-derived samples, like that of TCGA, have been established, giving the ability to interrogate multiple data modalities per tumor. We have developed a computational strategy employing multimodal integration paired with spectral clustering and modern dimension reduction techniques such as PHATE to provide a more robust method for cancer sub-type classification. Using this integrated approach, we have examined 514 Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma (HNSC) tumor samples from TCGA across gene-expression, DNA-methylation, and microbiome data modalities. We show that these approaches, primarily developed for single-cell sequencing can be efficiently applied to bulk tumor sequencing data. Our multimodal analysis captures the dynamic heterogeneity, identifies new and refines subtypes of HNSC, and orders tumor samples along well-defined cellular trajectories. Collectively, these results showcase the inherent molecular complexity of tumors and offer insights into carcinogenesis and importance of targeted therapy. Computational techniques as highlighted in our study provide an organic and powerful approach to identify granular patterns in large and noisy datasets that may otherwise be overlooked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Bard
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Norma J. Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Michael J. Buck
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Michael J. Buck, ; Satrajit Sinha,
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Michael J. Buck, ; Satrajit Sinha,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao YY, Chen SH, Wan QS. A prognostic nomogram for distal bile duct cancer from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database based on the STROBE compliant. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17903. [PMID: 31725638 PMCID: PMC6867718 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to develop a reliable nomogram to estimate individualized prognosis for patients with distal bile duct cancer (DBDC) and compare the predictive value with the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system.Data of 1110 patients diagnosed with DBDC were recruited from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 1973 and 2015. All patients were randomly divided into the training (n = 777) and validation (n = 333) cohorts, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression was performed to identify the independent risk factors. The Akaike information criterion was used to select covariates for constructing a nomogram. The predictive ability of the nomogram was assessed by concordance index (C-index) and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) compared to tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system.A nomogram integrating 8 risk factors was developed with a higher C-index than that of the TNM staging system (training data set, 0.70 vs 0.61; validation data set, 0.71 vs 0.57). The AUROCs of the nomogram for 1-year and 3-year overall survival (OS) predication were 0.76 and 0.78 in the training cohort, 0.78 and 0.77 in the validation cohort. However, AUROCs of the TNM stage for predicting 1-year and 3-year OS were all below 0.60. Calibration curves showed the optimal agreement in predicating OS between nomogram and actual observation. In addition, this nomogram can effectively distinguish the OS between low and high-risk groups divided by the median score (P < .01).Present study was the first one to construct a prognostic nomogram of DBDC patients, which has the potential to provide individual prediction of OS.
Collapse
|
15
|
Minimal extrathyroidal extension affects the prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer: Is there a need for change in the AJCC classification system? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218171. [PMID: 31199822 PMCID: PMC6568405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal extrathyroidal extension (ETE) is defined as tumor cells extending to the sternothyroid muscle or perithyroidal soft tissue. However, there is controversy regarding whether the magnitude of ETE (minimal or gross) should be considered in assigning a precise TNM stage to patients with thyroid cancer in the seventh/eighth editions of the AJCC system. The present study evaluated Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data from 107,114 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (2004–2013) to determine whether the magnitude of ETE (thyroid confinement, minimal, or gross) influenced the ability to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Patient mortality was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier analyses with log-rank tests. The cancer-specific mortality rates per 1,000 person-years were 1.407 for the thyroid confinement group (95% CI: 1.288–1.536), 5.133 for the minimal ETE group (95% CI: 4.301–6.124), and 29.735 for the gross ETE group (95% CI: 28.147–31.412). Relative to the thyroid confinement group, patients with minimal ETE and gross ETE had significantly poorer CSS and OS in the univariate and multivariate analyses (both P<0.001). After propensity-score matching according to age, sex, and race, we found that thyroid confinement was associated with better CSS and OS rates than minimal ETE (P<0.001) and gross ETE (P<0.001). These results from a population-based cohort provide a reference for precise personalized treatment and management of patients with minimal ETE. Furthermore, it may be prudent to revisit the magnitude of ETE as advocated by the AJCC and currently used for treatment recommendation by the American Thyroid Association.
Collapse
|