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Cristea AM, Zaharia DC, Leu S, Bogdan MA. Complications During Hospitalization in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia in a Romanian Pulmonary Center. Cureus 2023; 15:e33882. [PMID: 36819389 PMCID: PMC9934938 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Facing a new and unknown virus, the entire medical community made considerable efforts to find a specific treatment, develop guidelines, and even create a vaccine. Besides all the measures taken, a wide range of complications associated with the disease increased the mortality and morbidity rates, adding more difficulty to the management of the patients. Study design We performed a retrospective study, including the patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who were admitted to our hospital between March 2020 and August 2021. We analyzed complications that developed during the hospitalization, such as respiratory failure or acute injury to other organs (the heart, pancreas, kidneys, and liver), and whether they were treatment- and hospitalization-related. Results One thousand eight hundred and forty-four cases were evaluated, and we analyzed the complications that developed during the hospitalization. Out of this, 1392 (75.48%) cases developed at least one complication during hospitalization, most frequently respiratory failure (71.14%), hyperglycemia (43.54%), renal injury (42.67%), or cardiovascular events (7.10%). Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients with pneumonia can cause injuries to any organ, making the management of those patients even more difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Cristea
- Pneumology, Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumology/ Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Dragos C Zaharia
- Pneumology, Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumology/ Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Stefan Leu
- Pneumology, Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumology, Bucharest, ROU
| | - Miron A Bogdan
- Pneumology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, ROU
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2
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Agrawal A, Raj K, Bajaj D, Bhasin S, Bhagat U, Gogia P, Yegneswaran B. Pneumothorax in Intubated Patients With COVID-19: A Case Series. Cureus 2022; 14:e31270. [PMID: 36505163 PMCID: PMC9731936 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumothorax is a rare complication among mechanically ventilated patients since low tidal volumes are used nowadays instead of traditional high tidal volumes, but the incidence is slightly higher in patients with high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Herein we describe a case series of nine patients who were on mechanical ventilation due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and developed pneumothorax in due course. A retrospective analysis was done on COVID-19 intubated patients from March 2020 to June 2020 in a community hospital in Central New Jersey, which was one of the early hit states in the United States at the beginning of the pandemic. Outcomes were studied. The demographics of patients like age, gender, and body mass index (BMI); risk factors like smoking, comorbidities especially chronic lung disease, and the treatment they received were compared. We compared the total number of days on the ventilator, the highest PEEP they received, and the ventilator day when pneumothorax developed. All the patients who developed pneumothorax had a chest tube inserted to treat it. The mortality was noted to be 100% indicating that pneumothorax is a life-threatening complication of COVID-19 and COVID-19 by itself is a risk factor for pneumothorax likely due to a change in lung mechanics. There is a need for large-scale studies to confirm that these outcomes are related to COVID-19.
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June C, Viscusi C, DeLange B. Simultaneous Spontaneous Bilateral Tension Pneumothorax Post COVID-19 Infection: A Case Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e25107. [PMID: 35733472 PMCID: PMC9205385 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax is a rare life-threatening condition that can cause severe respiratory distress, hypoxemia, and death. Spontaneous pneumothorax has been reported as an uncommon but severe complication in patients recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia. Even fewer cases of spontaneous bilateral tension pneumothorax have been reported as a result of infection. We present a patient with spontaneous bilateral tension pneumothorax 18 days after COVID-19 infection. The patient’s symptoms began with a substernal tearing sensation and pain radiating to the back with dyspnea. Physical exam was significant for oxygen saturation of 75% on room air, tachycardia, and diminished breath sounds bilaterally. Imaging confirmed large bilateral pneumothoraces, and chest tubes were inserted emergently to restore lung volume. Pneumothorax is predominantly observed in those with severe infection but has been seen with mild symptoms as well. The development of pneumothorax is thought to result from diffuse lung injury that occurred from a cytokine storm during COVID infection. We speculate that our patient developed bulla as a result of infection, and the bulla spontaneously ruptured, inducing the bilateral collapse of the lungs. The mortality of such an event remains unknown, but without proper intervention, mortality increases significantly in these patients. As we continue to learn about the multitude of sequelae that can result from COVID-19 infection, pneumothorax should be considered in patients with a history of COVID pneumonia that presents with acute onset of dyspnea and chest pain. It is important to quickly recognize such cases as these patients have a narrow time frame for intervention, especially in the event of bilateral tension pneumothorax. Therefore, pneumothorax should be adequately assessed on initial examination, with the possibility of bilateral pneumothoraces in mind, to minimize morbidity and mortality.
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4
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Spontaneous Pneumothorax in a Child with COVID-19. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.114691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) is a serious and global infection that has spread to numerous countries, including Iran. Pneumothorax may occur in cases of COVID-19 as a consequence of lung parenchymal damage, which can disrupt the healing process and increase mortality. Case Presentation: This manuscript describes the case of a 2-year-old boy with hyper IgM syndrome and COVID-19 infection. The patient developed spontaneous pneumothorax and recovered without chest tube by supportive care and was discharged in good general condition after the completion of the antibiotic course and cessation of fever. Conclusions: The severity, prognosis, and best treatment for spontaneous pneumothorax in COVID-19 infection, especially in children, remain nebulous. It is recommended that conservative treatment be performed if the patient has stable vital signs and no severe respiratory failure. However, this requires more detailed clinical evaluations.
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Endres F, Spiro JE, Bolt TA, Tufman A, Ockert B, Helfen T, Gilbert F, Holzapfel BM, Böcker W, Siebenbürger G. One-year follow-up-case report of secondary tension pneumothorax in a COVID-19 pneumonia patient. Infection 2021; 50:525-529. [PMID: 34625910 PMCID: PMC8500466 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may result not only in acute symptoms such as severe pneumonia, but also in persisting symptoms after months. Here we present a 1 year follow-up of a patient with a secondary tension pneumothorax due to COVID-19 pneumonia. CASE PRESENTATION In May 2020, a 47-year-old male was admitted to the emergency department with fever, dry cough, and sore throat as well as acute chest pain and shortness of breath. Sputum testing (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) and computed tomography (CT) confirmed infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Eleven days after discharge, the patient returned to the emergency department with pronounced dyspnoea after coughing. CT showed a right-sided tension pneumothorax, which was relieved by a chest drain (Buelau) via mini open thoracotomy. For a period of 3 months following resolution of the pneumothorax the patient complained of fatigue with mild joint pain and dyspnoea. After 1 year, the patient did not suffer from any persisting symptoms. The pulmonary function and blood parameters were normal, with the exception of slightly increased levels of D-Dimer. The CT scan revealed only discrete ground glass opacities (GGO) and subpleural linear opacities. CONCLUSION Tension pneumothorax is a rare, severe complication of a SARS-CoV-2 infection but may resolve after treatment without negative long-term sequelae. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Endres
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Eva Spiro
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Toki Anna Bolt
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Amanda Tufman
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ben Ockert
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Helfen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Gilbert
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Boris M Holzapfel
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Siebenbürger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Agrafiotis AC, Rummens P, Lardinois I. Pneumothorax in otherwise healthy non-intubated patients suffering from COVID-19 pneumonia: a systematic review. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:4519-4529. [PMID: 34422378 PMCID: PMC8339789 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Cases of spontaneous pneumothorax have been described in patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. The aim of this study is to systematically review all the cases of spontaneous pneumothorax that occurred in healthy patients with no underlying lung disease and who did not receive invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods A PubMed research was conducted. The following data were collected: age, sex, side of the pneumothorax, smoking habit, time form onset of symptoms to the diagnosis of pneumothorax, the development of new bullous lesions on computed tomography and the type of treatment. In order to analyze the most homogeneous population possible, intubated patients were deliberately excluded. In total, 44 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in otherwise healthy patients were taken into account. Since the available data were extracted from small observational studies, no particular bias risk assessment was performed. Descriptive statistics were used to synthesize results. Results There were 37 male (84.1%) and 6 female (13.6%) patients. The majority of patients (66%) were treated only by chest tube thoracostomy, which most of the times resulted in a complete resolution of the pneumothorax. Simple surveillance was applied in 10 cases. Three patients underwent minimally invasive surgery. In 14 cases (31.8%) air-filled lesions were detected on imaging. Eleven patients received corticosteroids during their hospital stay. In the majority of cases (86.3%) the pneumothorax was resolved. Discussion Even if the level of evidence, derived from case reports and small case series is low, the existence of a true secondary spontaneous pneumothorax due to SARS-CoV-2 should be recognized. Imaging techniques should be repeated throughout the clinical course of the patients in order to detect newly developed pulmonary complications. Surgical treatment is feasible and patients whose general condition permits, should be offered surgery according to the existing guidelines regarding spontaneous pneumothorax. National registries and databases are necessary in order to better understand the pathogenesis and complications of this novel entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos C Agrafiotis
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Rummens
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ines Lardinois
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Wakamatsu I, Yatomi M, Uno S, Oishi Y, Ikeuchi H, Hanazato C, Sawada Y, Saito H, Yamaguchi K, Kasahara N, Miura Y, Tsurumaki H, Hara K, Koga Y, Sunaga N, Hisada T, Hiromura K, Maeno T. A case of a patient with neurofibromatosis type I who developed pneumothorax and eosinophilic pleural effusion after suffering from COVID-19 pneumonia. Radiol Case Rep 2021; 16:3504-3508. [PMID: 34422150 PMCID: PMC8367777 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic since its discovery in December 2019, and as the disease continues to evolve, varying complications associated with it continue to arise. In this regard, computed tomography has played an extremely important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of COVID-19 pneumonia and its complications. We encountered a case of a male patient with neurofibromatosis (type I) who developed concurrent pneumothorax and pleural effusion during his recovery period from severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema were also confirmed. Furthermore, an eosinophil pleural effusion appeared and was prolonged during the healing process of COVID-19. This clinical presentation suggests that fibrosis and emphysema formation due to neurofibromatosis may have caused pneumothorax and pleural effusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo Wakamatsu
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Yatomi
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan,Corresponding author.
| | - Shogo Uno
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuko Oishi
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Ikeuchi
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Chiharu Hanazato
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuri Sawada
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haruka Saito
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamaguchi
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Kasahara
- Innovative Medical Research Center, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yosuke Miura
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tsurumaki
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hara
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Koga
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sunaga
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hisada
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Keiju Hiromura
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Maeno
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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8
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Chandra V, Singh P, Huligeri HS, Pandey M. Bilateral tension pneumothorax: An unusual complication in a COVID-19 recovered patient. Indian J Anaesth 2021; 65:556-557. [PMID: 34321689 PMCID: PMC8312396 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_325_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Chandra
- Department of Anaesthesia, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Smt Sucheta Kriplani and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Anaesthesia, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Smt Sucheta Kriplani and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - H Santoshkumar Huligeri
- Department of Anaesthesia, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Smt Sucheta Kriplani and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Maitree Pandey
- Department of Anaesthesia, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Smt Sucheta Kriplani and Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Cabrera Gaytán DA, Pérez Andrade Y, Espíritu Valenzo Y. Pneumothorax due to COVID-19: Analysis of case reports. Respir Med Case Rep 2021; 34:101490. [PMID: 34336592 PMCID: PMC8312092 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cases of pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum have been reported in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, the time to onset and hospital stay have rarely been studied. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with these complications are described to determine the time to onset, associated comorbidities, and location and duration of pneumothorax. A search in PubMed yielded simple frequencies and a bivariate analysis of deaths. There were 113 confirmed cases in 67 articles. The median time from the date of hospital admission to the presence of pneumothorax was 8 days. Right hemithorax was the most frequent form of pneumothorax. Almost half of the patients required intubation for invasive mechanical ventilation. Although the frequency of this phenomenon was not high among hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2, it was high among those who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study contributes to the literature because it presents a large number of patients who developed pneumothorax after admission, which was characterized by clinical deterioration (dyspnea, tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain, and subcutaneous emphysema) and low oxygen saturation levels. Pneumothorax/pneumomediastinum is recommended as a differential diagnosis, even without considering the presence of chronic pulmonary comorbidities or invasive mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alejandro Cabrera Gaytán
- Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc # 330 Block “B” 4° Floor, Annex to the Unidad de Congresos del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Neighborhood Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtmoc, CP. 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yadira Pérez Andrade
- Coordinación de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mier y Pesado No. 120, Neighborhood Del Valle Benito Juárez, CP. 03100, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yuridia Espíritu Valenzo
- Hospital General Regional No. 72, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Gustavo Baz Prada S/N, Neighborhood Centro Industrial Tlalnepantla, CP 54000, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
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10
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Di Maio S, Esposito A, Margonato A, Godino C. Massive Spontaneous Subcutaneous Emphysema and Pneumomediastinum as Rare Complications of COVID-19 Pneumonia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:1415-1418. [PMID: 33865683 PMCID: PMC7935682 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Di Maio
- Department of Clinical Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Department of Radiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Albero Margonato
- Department of Clinical Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cosmo Godino
- Department of Clinical Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Marza AM, Petrica A, Buleu FN, Mederle OA. Case Report: Massive Spontaneous Pneumothorax-A Rare Form of Presentation for Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57020082. [PMID: 33498180 PMCID: PMC7908986 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a viral disease that is spreading worldwide and became a pandemic. Although most of the time, the symptoms of the infection are flu like, a percentage of patients develop severe forms, along with severe complications. Many of them are known among front-line health workers, but the number of uncommon presentations and complications has increased. This case report aims to alert healthcare workers on less common forms of presentation, and to introduce this differential diagnosis in the evaluation of patients with COVID-19, given the increasing occurrence of pneumothorax in patients who are not mechanical ventilated. Case presentation: A 57-year-old female patient came to the Emergency Department (ED) by ambulance, with acute respiratory failure. She had SpO2 (peripheral O2 saturation ) = 43% on room air at home, and 86% on admission in ED after oxygen delivery (on a reservoir mask). SARS-CoV-2 infection was suspected based on symptoms that started three days ago (fever, dry cough, dyspnea, and fatigability). Blood was taken for lab tests, pharyngeal and nasal swabs for the reverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR) test, and native computed tomography (CT) was scheduled. The thoracic CT scan showed massive right pneumothorax, partially collapsed lung, multiple bilateral lung infiltrates with a ground glass aspect and the RT-PCR test came back positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite the prompt diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax (thoracostomy was performed and the drain tube was placed), the patient died after a long hospitalization in the intensive care unit. Conclusion: Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP), as a complication in severe forms of COVID-19 pneumonia, especially in female patients without risk factors is rare, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential for increasing the survival chances of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Maria Marza
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Multidiciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.M.M.); (O.A.M.)
- Emergency Clinical Municipal Hospital, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alina Petrica
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital Pius Brînzeu, 300736 Timisoara, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-744-772-427
| | - Florina Nicoleta Buleu
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital Pius Brînzeu, 300736 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Alexandru Mederle
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Multidiciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.M.M.); (O.A.M.)
- Emergency Clinical Municipal Hospital, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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