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In Silico Comparative Exploration of Allergens of Periplaneta americana, Blattella germanica and Phoenix dactylifera for the Diagnosis of Patients Suffering from IgE-Mediated Allergic Respiratory Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248740. [PMID: 36557872 PMCID: PMC9785491 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The burden of allergic illnesses is continuously rising, and patient diagnosis is a significant problem because of how intricately hereditary and environmental variables interact. The past three to four decades have seen an outbreak of allergies in high-income countries. According to reports on the illness, asthma affects around 300 million individuals worldwide. Identifying clinically important allergens for the accurate classification of IgE-mediated allergy respiratory disease diagnosis would be beneficial for implementing standardized allergen-associated therapy. Therefore, the current study includes an in silico analysis to identify potential IgE-mediated allergens in date palms and cockroaches. Such an immunoinformatic approach aids the prioritization of allergens with probable involvement in IgE-mediated allergic respiratory diseases. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) was used for molecular dynamic simulations, antigen-antibody docking analyses, epitope identifications, and characterizations. The potential of these allergens (Per a7, Per a 1.0102, and Bla g 1.0101) in IgE-mediated allergic respiratory diseases was explored through the evaluation of physicochemical characteristics, interaction observations, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations for drug and vaccine development.
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Kulalert P, Sritipsukho P, Nanthapisal S, Poachanukoon O. Concordance of skin test reactivity between indoor inhalant allergens among children with allergic respiratory disease. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:338. [PMID: 34380462 PMCID: PMC8356470 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro studies have demonstrated cross-reactivity among indoor allergen proteins in children with allergic respiratory diseases. However, there are only few studies evaluating in vivo response. A skin prick test (SPT) with commercial indoor solutions is widely used in clinical practice. We aimed to evaluate SPT agreement in children with allergic respiratory disease between pairs of common indoor allergens. Methods We reviewed SPT results of children 2 to 18 years old, diagnosed with respiratory allergic disease. Results from house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), cockroach (Periplaneta americana, Blatella germanica), cat and dog were collected. Sensitization was defined as ≥ 3 mm in wheal diameter. Kappa coefficient (κ) was used to analyze sensitization concordance for each allergen pair. Results The charts of 300 children, 187 (62.33%) males, were reviewed. Mean age was 7.43 ± 3.29 years with 183 (61%), 140 (46.67%), 45 (15%), 30 (10%) sensitizations to house dust mite (HDM), cockroach, cat and dog, respectively. Sensitization concordance between HDM and cockroach was moderate: κ = 0.53 (95% CI: 0.42–0.64). Moderate agreement occurred between dog and cat: κ = 0.41 (95%CI: 0.30–0.52). HDM-sensitized children showed poor concordance with both cat κ = 0.17 (95%CI: 0.09–0.24) and dog κ = 0.09 (95%CI: 0.03–0.14). There was also poor concordance between cockroach-sensitized children to cat κ = 0.19 (95%CI; 0.11–0.28) and dog κ = 0.11 (95%CI; 0.04–0.18). Conclusion We demonstrated moderate agreement of SPT response between HDM and cockroach as well as dog and cat. This may be due to cross-reactivity. Component-resolved diagnosis should be considered in children with co-sensitization of these allergen pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapasri Kulalert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand. .,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Allergy, Asthma and Pulmonary Disease, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
| | - Paskorn Sritipsukho
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Allergy, Asthma and Pulmonary Disease, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Sira Nanthapisal
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Allergy, Asthma and Pulmonary Disease, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Orapan Poachanukoon
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Allergy, Asthma and Pulmonary Disease, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Kumar M, Gupta RK, Kumar R, Spalgais S, Mavi AK, Singh K. Cockroach exposure and its allergy sensitization in asthma patients. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2021; 91. [PMID: 33985325 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2021.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with distinct phenotypes. Serum tIgE, SSIgE and SPT are the methods of evaluating allergen sensitization. The present study evaluates the exposure and sensitization to cockroach (Periplaneta americana) antigens in asthma patients in a metropolitan city of India. The study enrolled 200 consecutive bronchial asthma patients, diagnosed as per GINA guidelines. As per history of exposure to cockroaches, the patients are divided in two groups as exposed and non-exposed asthmatic. All the enrolled subjects underwent SPT against common aeroallergens including cockroach, spirometry and estimation of tIgE level and SSIgE against cockroach. Out of 200 asthma patients, a total of 114 (57%) asthmatic were found SPT positive against one of the common aeroallergens, of which 68 (34%) showed SPT sensitivity against cockroach. A total of 103 (51.5%) patients were found exposed to cockroaches. In the cockroach exposed group, the mean serum tIgE was found significantly higher than the non-exposed group (569.31±224.64 vs 479.29±237 IU/ml; p=0.007). The mean SSIgE against cockroach in exposed groups was found not significant than non-expose group (4.87±11.19 vs 4.11±8.39 KUA/L; p=0.589). The mean tIgE was also not significant in atopic compared to non-atopic asthmatic (553.25±218.12 IU/ml vs 489.1±251.16 IU/ml; p=0.056). The mean SSIgE against cockroach was 5.66±10.45 KUA/L for atopic and 2.96±8.98 KUA/L for non-atopic (p=0.054). The airway obstruction was almost the same in both groups. Asthmatic patients who were exposed to cockroach and atopic had high tIgE, SSIgE levels and SPT positivity against cockroach antigen compared to non-exposed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi.
| | - Rajesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida U.P.
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi.
| | - Sonam Spalgais
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi.
| | - Anil Kumar Mavi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi.
| | - Kamal Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi.
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Sookrung N, Tungtrongchitr A, Chaicumpa W. Cockroaches: Allergens, Component-Resolved Diagnosis (CRD) and Component-Resolved Immunotherapy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:124-141. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190731144043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are assuming increasing trend of prevalence worldwide. The diseases confer increasing demand on medical and healthcare facilities. Patients with allergies have poor quality of life and impaired cognition. Adult patients have subpar working efficiency while afflicted children are less effective at school, often have school absenteeism and need more attention of their caregivers. All of them lead to negative socio-economic impact. This narrative review focuses on cockroach allergy including currently recognized cockroach allergens, pathogenic mechanisms of allergy, componentresolved diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy, particularly the component-resolved immunotherapy and the molecular mechanisms that bring about resolution of the chronic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitat Sookrung
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tungtrongchitr
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Mondal P, Dey D, Sarkar T, Laha A, Moitra S, Bhattacharyya S, Saha NC, Saha GK, Podder S. Evaluation of Sensitivity Toward Storage Mites and House Dust Mites Among Nasobronchial Allergic Patients of Kolkata, India. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:347-352. [PMID: 30462230 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
House dust mites (HDMs) are the major constituents of house dust (HD). HD and HDM sensitization is well documented worldwide. Storage mite (SM) sensitization is presently lacking from India. The present study evaluated the sensitization of both HDM and SM among 372 allergic rhinitis patients reported to the Allergy and Asthma Research Center of Kolkata metropolitan, India. HD samples were collected from the patients' home and analyzed for the major constituent mites. HD and six constituent mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP), Dermatophagoides farina Hughes (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) (DF), Blomia tropicalis (BT), Acarus siro Linnaeus (Acari: Acaridae) (AS), Lepidoglyphus destructor (LD), and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Acari: Acaridae) (TP) are tested for the allergenic potential through Skin Prick Test (SPT). Three SMs, namely AS, LD, and TP, were newly included in the mite SPT extract for the first time in Kolkata. In total, 330 patients showed significant positive SPT toward any one allergen tested. HD was the major elicitor exhibiting 92.42% response. Individuals of age group 15-40 were the worst sufferers. DF showed the highest sensitization (87.87%) among the dust mites. The SMs also contributed significantly to prove their sensitizing potential. SPT rates for AS, LD, and TP were 33, 25, and 18%, respectively. SPT grades and total Immunoglobulin E (IgE) were positively correlated for each of the allergens. Most of the patients were multi-sensitized (95%) and represented markedly high total IgE levels (>500 IU/ml). Three SMs proved to be significant allergens for the studied population. The sensitization toward these SMs is first time reported from India and can be recommended for inclusion of routine SPT for better outcome in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Mondal
- Allergology and Medical Entomology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Barasat Government College, West Bengal, India
| | - Debarati Dey
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Tania Sarkar
- Allergology and Medical Entomology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Barasat Government College, West Bengal, India
| | - Arghya Laha
- Allergology and Medical Entomology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Barasat Government College, West Bengal, India
| | - Saibal Moitra
- Allergy & Asthma Research Centre, West Bengal, India
| | - Srijit Bhattacharyya
- Post Graduate Department of Physics, Barasat Government College, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Sanjoy Podder
- Allergology and Medical Entomology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Barasat Government College, West Bengal, India
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Chogtu B, Magaji N, Magazine R, Acharya PR. Pattern of Allergen Sensitivity among Patients with Bronchial Asthma and/or Allergic Rhinosinusitis in a Tertiary Care Centre of Southern India. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:OC01-OC04. [PMID: 28969175 PMCID: PMC5620816 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26973.10328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The distribution of aeroallergens varies among various geographical areas of India and the knowledge of allergen sensitivity pattern in this part of Southern Indian (Karnataka) is limited. This data can provide clinically useful information and better understanding of common allergies prevalent in this area. AIM To study the pattern of allergen sensitivity among patients with bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinosinusitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis who underwent skin prick testing, were included in the study. Patients who had taken drugs that could affect the test results, within one week prior to testing were excluded. Also, patients on long-acting oral antihistamines within four weeks of testing and pregnant women were excluded. A total of 64 antigens were used which included eight types of pollens, eight types of dusts, six types of fungi, eight types of insects, two types of danders, wool and 31 types of food items. Skin prick testing was done as per standard protocol. RESULTS Out of 2219 patients, 1193 (53.8%) were males and 1026 (46.2%) were females. The mean age of the subjects was 41.47 (±14) years. There were 740 (33.3%) patients diagnosed with bronchial asthma, 357 (16.1%) allergic rhinitis and 1122 (50.6%) had both bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. Overall the highest percentage of skin-prick test positivity was found among insect allergens (24.45%) followed by dust (24.21%), grass and tree pollen (20.57%), fungus (13.92%) and food allergens (9.28%), in that order. Among the individual allergens, the highest percentage of skin-prick test positivity was present in rice grain dust allergen (33.30%) and the least common was chicken allergen (4.40%). CONCLUSION Among the allergen groups, insects and dusts elicited the highest percentage of skin-prick test positive results. Whereas, among all the individual allergens rice grain dust elicited highest percentage of positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Chogtu
- Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Neha Magaji
- Senior Resident, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, M S Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul Magazine
- Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Preetam R Acharya
- Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Celmeli F, Yavuz ST, Turkkahraman D, Simsek O, Kılınc A, Sekerel BE. Cockroach (Blattella Germanica) Sensitization is Associated with Coexistence of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in Childhood. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/ped.2015.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Celmeli
- Department of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Doga Turkkahraman
- Department of Pediatrics, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Osman Simsek
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayla Kılınc
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bulent Enis Sekerel
- Department of Pediatric Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Pefura-Yone EW, Kengne AP, Afane-Ze E, Kuaban C. Sensitisation to Blattella germanica among adults with asthma in Yaounde, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. World Allergy Organ J 2014; 7:22. [PMID: 25152805 PMCID: PMC4137620 DOI: 10.1186/1939-4551-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background German cockroach or Blattella germanica is commonly found in homes across the inter-tropical region. The contribution of sensitisation to Blattella germanica in people with asthma in sub-Saharan Africa has not received attention. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and investigate the predicting factors of sensitisation to Blattella germanica in patients with asthma in Yaounde, Cameroon. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January 2012 and June 2013. All patients (aged 15 years and above) with asthma, receiving care at the Yaounde Jamot Hospital and the CEDIMER medical practice during the study period and who had received a prick skin testing for perennial aeroallergens were included in the study. Results The final sample comprised 184 patients including 123 (66.8%) women. The median age (25th-75th percentiles) was 38 (24–54) years. Prick skin test for Blattella germanica was positive in 47 (25.5%) patients. Sensitisation to Blattella germanica was associated with a sensitisation to mite in 41 (87.2%) patients, a sensitisation to Alternaria in 18 (38.3%) patients, and a sensitisation to cat or dog dander in 7 (14.9%) patients. Independent predicting factors of a sensitisation to Blattella germanica were the sensitisation to Blomia tropicalis [adjusted odd ratio (95% confidence interval) 4.10 (1.67-10.04), p = 0.002] and sensitisation to Alternaria [3.67 (1.53-7.46), p = 0.003]. Conclusions Sensitisation to Blattella germanica is present in about a quarter of adult patients with asthma in Yaounde. Sensitisation to Alternaria and Blomia tropicalis appears to be a powerful predicting factor of sensitisation to Blattella germanica in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Walter Pefura-Yone
- Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon ; Pneumology service, Yaounde Jamot Hospital, P.O Box: 4021, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - André Pascal Kengne
- South African Medical Research Council & University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Afane-Ze
- Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon ; Pneumology service, Yaounde Jamot Hospital, P.O Box: 4021, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Christopher Kuaban
- Department of Internal Medicine and Subspecialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon ; Pneumology service, Yaounde Jamot Hospital, P.O Box: 4021, Yaounde, Cameroon ; Faculty of health sciences, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
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Comert S, Demir AU, Karakaya G, Kalyoncu AF. Minimum prick test panel for adult patients with asthma and rhinitis in Ankara, Turkey. J Asthma 2014; 51:417-22. [PMID: 24404800 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2013.878846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determination of the number and type of allergens needed to be tested in epidemiological studies is important in order to identify most of the sensitized subjects with a cost-effective approach. This study aimed to investigate the minimum skin prick test panel for the identification of at least 95% of the sensitized subjects with symptoms of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis (AR) in Ankara, Turkey. METHODS Skin prick test results of 7492 patients who were referred to our outpatient clinic with clinical symptoms of asthma and/or AR between 1991 and 2005 were evaluated retrospectively. Seven allergens were tested in all and 13 allergens in 4202 patients. The allergen group needed for detection of 95% of the sensitized subjects was determined for both the 7 and 13 allergen panels. The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee of Hacettepe University. RESULTS The atopy prevalences in the whole study population and in 4202 patients tested with the 13 allergen panel were calculated as 32.2% and 42.6%, respectively. Three allergens (Phleum pratense, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Artemisia vulgaris) within the 7 allergen panel were adequate for the identification of at least 95% of the sensitized subjects. Olea europae was added to the previous three allergens when the 13 allergen panel was applied. CONCLUSION Three to four allergens are sufficient for identification at least 95% of sensitized subjects with asthma and/or AR in Ankara, Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Comert
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Chest Diseases , School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara , Turkey and
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Mahesh PA, Kummeling I, Amrutha DH, Vedanthan PK. Effect of area of residence on patterns of aeroallergen sensitization in atopic patients. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2011; 24:e98-103. [PMID: 21244724 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2010.24.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association with sensitization to inhaled allergens and allergic rhinitis and asthma has been established. A recent study concluded that the disparity in allergen sensitization might primarily be caused by environmental factors rather than genetic differences. The primary objective was to identify potential differences in sensitization among subjects with the same ethnicity in South India who reside in different environments. METHODS Five hundred forty-six patients presenting to a tertiary allergy center with allergic rhinitis and or asthma underwent evaluation using a structured questionnaire, skin-prick testing to common aeroallergens, and spirometry and were categorized according to area of residence. RESULTS The most common allergens causing sensitization were house-dust mite (range, 65-70%), trees (range, 52-56%), and cockroaches (range, 39-53%). There was lower risk of sensitization to cockroach allergens for subjects <21 years old living in suburban (odds ratio [OR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.81) and rural environments (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.96) compared with subjects <21 years old living in urban areas. There was higher risk of sensitization to fungi in subjects <21 years old living in suburban areas (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.60-3.77) and rural environments (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 0.98-7.48) compared with subjects <21 years old living in urban environments. CONCLUSION Sensitization patterns are similar in different areas of residence except in younger subjects. Sensitization to fungi was higher in younger subjects from the rural area and cockroach sensitization were higher in younger subjects from urban areas. Sensitization is an important precursor of clinical allergic disease and further studies to unravel the complex gene-environment interactions of aeroallergen sensitization in different environments are needed.
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Bostanci I, Misirlioglu ED, Ozmen S, Ginis T. Two adolescent patients with high IgE levels and hypereosinophilia are associated with cockroach allergen. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2011; 39:114-5. [PMID: 21208711 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Bostanci
- Dr. Sami Ulus Woman's Health and Children Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Asthma, Ankara, Turkey
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