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Henrot P, Dupin I, Schilfarth P, Esteves P, Blervaque L, Zysman M, Gouzi F, Hayot M, Pomiès P, Berger P. Main Pathogenic Mechanisms and Recent Advances in COPD Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Wasting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076454. [PMID: 37047427 PMCID: PMC10095391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a worldwide prevalent respiratory disease mainly caused by tobacco smoke exposure. COPD is now considered as a systemic disease with several comorbidities. Among them, skeletal muscle dysfunction affects around 20% of COPD patients and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Although the histological alterations are well characterized, including myofiber atrophy, a decreased proportion of slow-twitch myofibers, and a decreased capillarization and oxidative phosphorylation capacity, the molecular basis for muscle atrophy is complex and remains partly unknown. Major difficulties lie in patient heterogeneity, accessing patients' samples, and complex multifactorial process including extrinsic mechanisms, such as tobacco smoke or disuse, and intrinsic mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, hypoxia, or systemic inflammation. Muscle wasting is also a highly dynamic process whose investigation is hampered by the differential protein regulation according to the stage of atrophy. In this review, we report and discuss recent data regarding the molecular alterations in COPD leading to impaired muscle mass, including inflammation, hypoxia and hypercapnia, mitochondrial dysfunction, diverse metabolic changes such as oxidative and nitrosative stress and genetic and epigenetic modifications, all leading to an impaired anabolic/catabolic balance in the myocyte. We recapitulate data concerning skeletal muscle dysfunction obtained in the different rodent models of COPD. Finally, we propose several pathways that should be investigated in COPD skeletal muscle dysfunction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Henrot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC 1401, Service de Pneumologie, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Isabelle Dupin
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Pierre Schilfarth
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC 1401, Service de Pneumologie, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Pauline Esteves
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Léo Blervaque
- PhyMedExp, INSERM-CNRS-Montpellier University, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Maéva Zysman
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC 1401, Service de Pneumologie, F-33604 Pessac, France
| | - Fares Gouzi
- PhyMedExp, INSERM-CNRS-Montpellier University, CHRU Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Maurice Hayot
- PhyMedExp, INSERM-CNRS-Montpellier University, CHRU Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Pomiès
- PhyMedExp, INSERM-CNRS-Montpellier University, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, U1045, F-33604 Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, F-33604 Pessac, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC 1401, Service de Pneumologie, F-33604 Pessac, France
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Trifunovic S, Smiljanić K, Sickmann A, Solari FA, Kolarevic S, Divac Rankov A, Ljujic M. Electronic cigarette liquids impair metabolic cooperation and alter proteomic profiles in V79 cells. Respir Res 2022; 23:191. [PMID: 35840976 PMCID: PMC9285873 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although still considered a safer alternative to classical cigarettes, growing body of work points to harmful effects of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) affecting a range of cellular processes. The biological effect of e-cigarettes needs to be investigated in more detail considering their widespread use. Methods In this study, we treated V79 lung fibroblasts with sub-cytotoxic concentration of e-cigarette liquids, with and without nicotine. Mutagenicity was evaluated by HPRT assay, genotoxicity by comet assay and the effect on cellular communication by metabolic cooperation assay. Additionally, comprehensive proteome analysis was performed via high resolution, parallel accumulation serial fragmentation-PASEF mass spectrometry. Results E-cigarette liquid concentration used in this study showed no mutagenic or genotoxic effect, however it negatively impacted metabolic cooperation between V79 cells. Both e-cigarette liquids induced significant depletion in total number of proteins and impairment of mitochondrial function in treated cells. The focal adhesion proteins were upregulated, which is in accordance with the results of metabolic cooperation assay. Increased presence of posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including carbonylation and direct oxidative modifications, was observed. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032071. Conclusions Our study revealed impairment of metabolic cooperation as well as significant proteome and PTMs alterations in V79 cells treated with e-cigarette liquid warranting future studies on e-cigarettes health impact. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02102-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Trifunovic
- Biology of Robustness Group, Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Split, Croatia.
| | - Katarina Smiljanić
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-14, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - E.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, Dortmund, Germany.,Medizinische Fakultät, Medizinisches Proteom-Center (MPC), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB243FX, Scotland, UK
| | - Fiorella A Solari
- Leibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - E.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stoimir Kolarevic
- Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Divac Rankov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mila Ljujic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Khaldi T, Chekchaki N, Boumendjel M, Taibi F, Abdellaoui M, Messarah M, Boumendjel A. Ameliorating effects of Nigella sativa oil on aggravation of inflammation, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by smokeless tobacco extract in an allergic asthma model in Wistar rats. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2018; 46:472-481. [PMID: 29739684 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comparison of smokeless tobacco (ST) exposure versus Ovalbumin (Ova) sensitized rats or asthmatic patients has hardly been studied in the literature. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the aggravation of inflammation, exacerbation of asthma, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by ST. METHODS ST was given at the dose of 40mg/kg in an allergic asthma model in Wistar rats. Furthermore, the effects of oral administration of Nigella sativa oil (NSO), at a dose of 4mL/kg/day, were investigated. RESULTS The obtained results showed that ST clearly enhanced lung inflammation through interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Nitric oxide (NO) increased production. Actually, ST was found to intensify the oxidative stress state induced by Ova-challenge in rats, which was proven not only by augmenting lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, but also by altering the non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant status. Furthermore, the aggravation of inflammation and oxidative stress was obviously demonstrated by the histopathological changes observed in lung. In contrast, NSO administration has shown anti-inflammatory effects by reducing IL-4 and NO production, restoring the antioxidant status, reducing lipid peroxidation and improving the histopathological alterations by both protein oxidation and NSO treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data have proven that severe concurrent exposure to allergen and ST increases airway inflammation and oxidative stress in previously sensitized rats. They also suggest that the oral NSO treatment could be a promising treatment for asthma.
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Paul T, Salazar-Degracia A, Peinado VI, Tura-Ceide O, Blanco I, Barreiro E, Barberà JA. Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulation reduces oxidative stress in experimental Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190628. [PMID: 29304131 PMCID: PMC5755849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a key enzyme of the nitric oxide–cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (NO–cGMP) signaling pathway, and its pharmacological stimulation has been shown to prevent the development of emphysema and pulmonary vascular remodeling in animal models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sGC stimulation on oxidative stress in the plasma of guinea pigs chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). Methods and results Guinea pigs were exposed to CS or sham for three months, and received either the sGC stimulator BAY 41–2272 or vehicle. Body weight was measured weekly; and markers of oxidative stress in plasma, and airspace size and inflammatory cell infiltrate in lung tissue were analyzed at the end of the study. Compared to sham-exposed guinea pigs, CS-exposed animals gained less body weight and showed higher plasma levels of nitrated tyrosine residues (3-NT), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Treatment with the sGC stimulator led to a body weight gain in the CS-exposed guinea pigs similar to non-exposed and attenuated the increase in 3-NT and 4-HNE. Plasma levels of 3-NT correlated with the severity of inflammatory cell infiltrate in the lung. Conclusion Stimulation of sGC prevents oxidative stress induced by CS exposure and is associated with an attenuated inflammatory response in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Paul
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Salazar-Degracia
- Pulmonology Department-Lung Cancer and Muscle Research group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor I. Peinado
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Blanco
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Lung Cancer and Muscle Research group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan A. Barberà
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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Cielen N, Maes K, Heulens N, Troosters T, Carmeliet G, Janssens W, Gayan-Ramirez GN. Interaction between Physical Activity and Smoking on Lung, Muscle, and Bone in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 54:674-82. [PMID: 26448063 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0181oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is an important contributor to skeletal muscle weakness, osteoporosis, and weight loss in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the effects of physical inactivity, in interaction with smoking, on lung, muscle, and bone are poorly understood. To address this issue, male mice were randomly assigned to an active (daily running), moderately inactive (space restriction), or extremely inactive group (space restriction followed by hindlimb suspension to mimic bed rest) during 24 weeks and simultaneously exposed to either cigarette smoke or room air. The effects of different physical activity levels and smoking status and their respective interaction were examined on lung function, body composition, in vitro limb muscle function, and bone parameters. Smoking caused emphysema, reduced food intake with subsequent loss of body weight, and fat, lean, and muscle mass, but increased trabecular bone volume. Smoking induced muscle fiber atrophy, which did not result in force impairment. Moderate inactivity only affected lung volumes and compliance, whereas extreme inactivity increased lung inflammation, lowered body and fat mass, induced fiber atrophy with soleus muscle dysfunction, and reduced exercise capacity and all bone parameters. When combined with smoking, extreme inactivity also aggravated lung inflammation and emphysema, and accelerated body and muscle weight loss. This study shows that extreme inactivity, especially when imposed by absolute rest, accelerates lung damage and inflammation. When combined with smoking, extreme inactivity is deleterious for muscle bulk, bone, and lungs. These data highlight that the consequences of physical inactivity during the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Cielen
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Catholic University (KU) of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Maes
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Catholic University (KU) of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Heulens
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Catholic University (KU) of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Troosters
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Catholic University (KU) of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,2 Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Geert Carmeliet
- 3 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Catholic University (KU) of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislaine N Gayan-Ramirez
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Catholic University (KU) of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Dalle-Donne I, Colombo G, Gornati R, Garavaglia ML, Portinaro N, Giustarini D, Bernardini G, Rossi R, Milzani A. Protein Carbonylation in Human Smokers and Mammalian Models of Exposure to Cigarette Smoke: Focus on Redox Proteomic Studies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:406-426. [PMID: 27393565 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress is one mechanism whereby tobacco smoking affects human health, as reflected by increased levels of several biomarkers of oxidative stress/damage isolated from tissues and biological fluids of active and passive smokers. Many investigations of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced oxidative stress/damage have been carried out in mammalian animal and cellular models of exposure to CS. Animal models allow the investigation of many parameters that are similar to those measured in human smokers. In vitro cell models may provide new information on molecular and functional differences between cells of smokers and nonsmokers. Recent Advances: Over the past decade or so, a growing number of researches highlighted that CS induces protein carbonylation in different tissues and body fluids of smokers as well as in in vivo and in vitro models of exposure to CS. CRITICAL ISSUES We review recent findings on protein carbonylation in smokers and models thereof, focusing on redox proteomic studies. We also discuss the relevance and limitations of these models of exposure to CS and critically assess the congruence between the smoker's condition and laboratory models. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The identification of protein targets is crucial for understanding the mechanism(s) by which carbonylated proteins accumulate and potentially affect cellular functions. Recent progress in redox proteomics allows the enrichment, identification, and characterization of specific oxidative protein modifications, including carbonylation. Therefore, redox proteomics can be a powerful tool to gain new insights into the onset and/or progression of CS-related diseases and to develop strategies to prevent and/or treat them. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 406-426.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graziano Colombo
- 1 Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- 2 Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria , Varese, Italy
| | - Maria L Garavaglia
- 1 Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Portinaro
- 3 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano and Pediatric Orthopaedic Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Bernardini
- 2 Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria , Varese, Italy
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- 4 Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena , Siena, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- 1 Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano , Milan, Italy
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Chaudhary J, Singh R, Shamal SN, Supriya K, Srivastava M, More RS. Effect of Tocopheryl Acetate on Maternal Cigarette Smoke Exposed Swiss Albino Mice Inbred Fetus. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:AC01-AC05. [PMID: 27891325 PMCID: PMC5121663 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/20304.8608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking is worldwide problem which can be correlated with teratogenicity. Tocopheryl acetate plays as an antioxidant against the oxidative stress evolved by cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy. AIM To study the effect of maternal exposure to cigarette smoke and Tocopheryl acetate on fetuses of mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant mice randomly assigned to different groups (Group I (control), Group II (Tocopheryl acetate), Group III(soyabean oil used as vehicle for Tocopheryl acetate), Group IV (Cigarette smoke Exposed), Group V (Cigarette smoke exposed plus Tocopheryl acetate) and Group VI(Cigarette smoke exposed plus soyabean oil) were exposed to cigarette smoke 3 times a day for 20 minutes each time and Tocopheryl acetate with dose of 200mg/kg/day in 0.3ml of soyabean oil as vehicle orally through oral gavage from the 5th day of gestation to 15th day. RESULTS Cigarette smoke exposed mice showed significant fetal weight loss, resorption, placental anomalies, severe growth retardation, venous congestion, haemorrhage, limbs defects and enphalocele. Negligible abnormalities were seen among the control and Tocopheryl acetate group. Cigarette smoke exposed group with Tocopheryl acetate exhibited weight gain among the fetus as well as no gross abnormalities. The oxidative stress was significantly increased by increasing Malondialdehyde (MDA) 293±81.57 μmol/mg (p<0.0001) and decreasing Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) 1.43 ± 0.23mg/ml, (p<0.0001) Reduced Glutathione (GR) 0.017±0.002mg/ml, (p<0.01) and Catalase (CAT) 0.248±0.005mg/ml, (p<0.0001). Tocopheryl acetate induced group significantly maintained the oxidative stress with all p <0.0001. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that Tocopheryl acetate may have an ameliorating effect on the cigarette smoke during pregnancy on fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janardan Chaudhary
- Research Scholar, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Royana Singh
- Professor, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - SN Shamal
- Professor, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Supriya
- Research Scholar, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mona Srivastava
- Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - RS More
- Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Vanarasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Role of Protein Carbonylation in Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss Associated with Chronic Conditions. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4020018. [PMID: 28248228 PMCID: PMC5217349 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle dysfunction, characterized by a reductive remodeling of muscle fibers, is a common systemic manifestation in highly prevalent conditions such as chronic heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer cachexia, and critically ill patients. Skeletal muscle dysfunction and impaired muscle mass may predict morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic diseases, regardless of the underlying condition. High levels of oxidants may alter function and structure of key cellular molecules such as proteins, DNA, and lipids, leading to cellular injury and death. Protein oxidation including protein carbonylation was demonstrated to modify enzyme activity and DNA binding of transcription factors, while also rendering proteins more prone to proteolytic degradation. Given the relevance of protein oxidation in the pathophysiology of many chronic conditions and their comorbidities, the current review focuses on the analysis of different studies in which the biological and clinical significance of the modifications induced by reactive carbonyls on proteins have been explored so far in skeletal muscles of patients and animal models of chronic conditions such as COPD, disuse muscle atrophy, cancer cachexia, sepsis, and physiological aging. Future research will elucidate the specific impact and sites of reactive carbonyls on muscle protein content and function in human conditions.
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Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Wound Healing of the Septal Mucosa of the Rat. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6958597. [PMID: 27042668 PMCID: PMC4793103 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6958597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives/Hypothesis. Proper wound healing following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is influenced by several factors, like cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. This study aims to assess the influence of cigarette smoke on the healing of induced septal mucosal lesion in rats. Methods. Unilateral nasal wounds were created by means of the interdental brush in seventy-four-week-old male rats. Animals were randomly divided into two groups: control group and CS exposure group, each comprising 35 animals, divided into five groups (n = 7). Animals were sacrificed in groups of seven on day 2 and then on days 5, 14, and 28 and finally on day 42 following wound induction. Results. Histological analysis of mucosal specimens shows important changes at the CS exposure group. Starting with the infiltrates of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes, the histological changes were continued with the Goblet cell proliferation, ciliated cells loss, fibrosis, and epithelial and subepithelial hypertrophy. Conclusion. In this experimental model of nasal wound healing we demonstrated the deleterious effects of chronic CS exposure. The adverse effects of CS exposure are firstly a postponement of the healing process and secondly the persistence of inflammation which becomes chronic.
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García-Lucio J, Argemi G, Tura-Ceide O, Diez M, Paul T, Bonjoch C, Coll-Bonfill N, Blanco I, Barberà JA, Musri MM, Peinado VI. Gene expression profile of angiogenic factors in pulmonary arteries in COPD: relationship with vascular remodeling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L583-92. [PMID: 26801565 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00261.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vessel remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves changes in smooth muscle cell proliferation, which are highly dependent on the coordinated interaction of angiogenic-related growth factors. The purpose of the study was to investigate, in isolated pulmonary arteries (PA) from patients with COPD, the gene expression of 46 genes known to be modulators of the angiogenic process and/or involved in smooth muscle cell proliferation and to relate it to vascular remodeling. PA segments were isolated from 29 patients and classified into tertiles, according to intimal thickness. After RNA extraction, the gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR using TaqMan low-density arrays. The univariate analysis only showed upregulation of angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT-2) in remodeled PA (P < 0.05). The immunohistochemical expression of ANGPT-2 correlated with intimal enlargement (r = 0.42, P < 0.05). However, a combination of 10 factors in a multivariate discriminant analysis model explained up to 96% of the classification of the arteries. A network analysis of 46 genes showed major decentralization. In this network, the metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was shown to be the bridge between intimal enlargement and fibrogenic factors. In COPD patients, plasma levels of ANGPT-2 were higher in current smokers or those with pulmonary hypertension. We conclude that an imbalance in ANGPT-2, combined with related factors such as VEGF, β-catenin, and MMP-2, may partially explain the structural derangements of the arterial wall. MMP-2 may act as a bridge channeling actions from the main fibrogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica García-Lucio
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Gemma Argemi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Diez
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Tanja Paul
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Cristina Bonjoch
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Nuria Coll-Bonfill
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Isabel Blanco
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan A Barberà
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Melina M Musri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Victor I Peinado
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; and Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Liu MH, Lin AH, Lu SH, Peng RY, Lee TS, Kou YR. Eicosapentaenoic acid attenuates cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation by inhibiting ROS-sensitive inflammatory signaling. Front Physiol 2014; 5:440. [PMID: 25452730 PMCID: PMC4231989 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking causes chronic lung inflammation that is mainly regulated by redox-sensitive pathways. Our previous studies have demonstrated that cigarette smoke (CS) activates reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling resulting in induction of lung inflammation. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a major type of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, is present in significant amounts in marine-based fish and fish oil. EPA has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo. However, whether EPA has similar beneficial effects against CS-induced lung inflammation remains unclear. Using a murine model, we show that subchronic CS exposure for 4 weeks caused pulmonary inflammatory infiltration (total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), 11.0-fold increase), increased lung vascular permeability (protein level in BALF, 3.1-fold increase), elevated levels of chemokines (11.4–38.2-fold increase) and malondialdehyde (an oxidative stress biomarker; 2.0-fold increase) in the lungs, as well as lung inflammation; all of these CS-induced events were suppressed by daily supplementation with EPA. Using human bronchial epithelial cells, we further show that CS extract (CSE) sequentially activated NADPH oxidase (NADPH oxidase activity, 1.9-fold increase), increased intracellular levels of ROS (3.0-fold increase), activated both MAPKs and NF-κB, and induced interleukin-8 (IL-8; 8.2-fold increase); all these CSE-induced events were inhibited by pretreatment with EPA. Our findings suggest a novel role for EPA in alleviating the oxidative stress and lung inflammation induced by subchronic CS exposure in vivo and in suppressing the CSE-induced IL-8 in vitro via its antioxidant function and by inhibiting MAPKs/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Han Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Lu
- Department of Urology, Taipei City Hospital, Zhong-Xiao Branch Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Yun Peng
- Hsin Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management Longtan Township, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Ru Kou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Pérez-Rial S, Del Puerto-Nevado L, Girón-Martínez A, Terrón-Expósito R, Díaz-Gil JJ, González-Mangado N, Peces-Barba G. Liver growth factor treatment reverses emphysema previously established in a cigarette smoke exposure mouse model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L718-26. [PMID: 25172913 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00293.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung disease largely associated with cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) and characterized by pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations, including systemic inflammation. Liver growth factor (LGF) is an albumin-bilirubin complex with demonstrated antifibrotic, antioxidant, and antihypertensive actions even at extrahepatic sites. We aimed to determine whether short LGF treatment (1.7 μg/mouse ip; 2 times, 2 wk), once the lung damage was established through the chronic CSE, contributes to improvement of the regeneration of damaged lung tissue, reducing systemic inflammation. We studied AKR/J mice, divided into three groups: control (air-exposed), CSE (chronic CSE), and CSE + LGF (LGF-treated CSE mice). We assessed pulmonary function, morphometric data, and levels of various systemic inflammatory markers to test the LGF regenerative capacity in this system. Our results revealed that the lungs of the CSE animals showed pulmonary emphysema and inflammation, characterized by increased lung compliance, enlargement of alveolar airspaces, systemic inflammation (circulating leukocytes and serum TNF-α level), and in vivo lung matrix metalloproteinase activity. LGF treatment was able to reverse all these parameters, decreasing total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and T-lymphocyte infiltration in peripheral blood observed in emphysematous mice and reversing the decrease in monocytes observed in chronic CSE mice, and tends to reduce the neutrophil population and serum TNF-α level. In conclusion, LGF treatment normalizes the physiological and morphological parameters and levels of various systemic inflammatory biomarkers in a chronic CSE AKR/J model, which may have important pathophysiological and therapeutic implications for subjects with stable COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pérez-Rial
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERES (IIS-FJD-CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Del Puerto-Nevado
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERES (IIS-FJD-CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Girón-Martínez
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERES (IIS-FJD-CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Terrón-Expósito
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERES (IIS-FJD-CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Díaz-Gil
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERES (IIS-FJD-CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás González-Mangado
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERES (IIS-FJD-CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Peces-Barba
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-CIBERES (IIS-FJD-CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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13
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Davidsen PK, Herbert JM, Antczak P, Clarke K, Ferrer E, Peinado VI, Gonzalez C, Roca J, Egginton S, Barberá JA, Falciani F. A systems biology approach reveals a link between systemic cytokines and skeletal muscle energy metabolism in a rodent smoking model and human COPD. Genome Med 2014; 6:59. [PMID: 25228925 PMCID: PMC4165371 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-014-0059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A relatively large percentage of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develop systemic co-morbidities that affect prognosis, among which muscle wasting is particularly debilitating. Despite significant research effort, the pathophysiology of this important extrapulmonary manifestation is still unclear. A key question that remains unanswered is to what extent systemic inflammatory mediators might play a role in this pathology. Cigarette smoke (CS) is the main risk factor for developing COPD and therefore animal models chronically exposed to CS have been proposed for mechanistic studies and biomarker discovery. Although mice have been successfully used as a pre-clinical in vivo model to study the pulmonary effects of acute and chronic CS exposure, data suggest that they may be inadequate models for studying the effects of CS on peripheral muscle function. In contrast, recent findings indicate that the guinea pig model (Cavia porcellus) may better mimic muscle wasting. Methods We have used a systems biology approach to compare the transcriptional profile of hindlimb skeletal muscles from a Guinea pig rodent model exposed to CS and/or chronic hypoxia to COPD patients with muscle wasting. Results We show that guinea pigs exposed to long-term CS accurately reflect most of the transcriptional changes observed in dysfunctional limb muscle of severe COPD patients when compared to matched controls. Using network inference, we could then show that the expression profile in whole lung of genes encoding for soluble inflammatory mediators is informative of the molecular state of skeletal muscles in the guinea pig smoking model. Finally, we show that CXCL10 and CXCL9, two of the candidate systemic cytokines identified using this pre-clinical model, are indeed detected at significantly higher levels in serum of COPD patients, and that their serum protein level is inversely correlated with the expression of aerobic energy metabolism genes in skeletal muscle. Conclusions We conclude that CXCL10 and CXCL9 are promising candidate inflammatory signals linked to the regulation of central metabolism genes in skeletal muscles. On a methodological level, our work also shows that a system level analysis of animal models of diseases can be very effective to generate clinically relevant hypothesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-014-0059-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Davidsen
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modelling, Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZB Liverpool, UK ; School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - John M Herbert
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modelling, Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZB Liverpool, UK
| | - Philipp Antczak
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modelling, Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZB Liverpool, UK
| | - Kim Clarke
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modelling, Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZB Liverpool, UK
| | - Elisabet Ferrer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor I Peinado
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain ; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constancio Gonzalez
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Josep Roca
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain ; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stuart Egginton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Joan A Barberá
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain ; Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain ; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Centre for Computational Biology and Modelling, Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZB Liverpool, UK
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14
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Itoh M, Tsuji T, Nakamura H, Yamaguchi K, Fuchikami JI, Takahashi M, Morozumi Y, Aoshiba K. Systemic effects of acute cigarette smoke exposure in mice. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:464-73. [PMID: 24932561 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.917346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cigarette smoke (CS) causes both pulmonary and extrapulmonary disorders. OBJECTIVE To determine the pulmonary and extrapulmonary effects of acute CS exposure in regard to inflammation, oxidative stress and DNA damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were exposed to CS for 10 days and then their lungs, heart, liver, pancreas, kidneys, gastrocnemius muscle and subcutaneous (inguinal and flank) and visceral (retroperitoneum and periuterus) adipose tissues were excised. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were obtained for differential cell analysis. Inflammatory cell infiltration of the tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry for Mac-3(+) cells, F4/80(+) cells and CD45(+) cells. Oxidative stress was determined by immunohistochemistry for thymidine glycol (a marker of DNA peroxidation) and 4-hydroxy hexenal (a marker of lipid peroxidation), by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for protein carbonyls (a marker of protein peroxidation) and by measurements of enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. DNA double-strand breaks were assessed by immunohistochemistry for γH2AX. RESULTS CS exposure-induced inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress and DNA damage in the lung. Neither inflammatory cell infiltration nor DNA damage was observed in any extrapulmonary organs. However, oxidative stress was increased in the heart and inguinal adipose tissue. DISCUSSIONS Induction of inflammatory cell infiltration and DNA damage by acute CS exposure was confined to the lung. However, an increased oxidative burden occurred in the heart and some adipose tissue, as well as in the lung. CONCLUSIONS Although extrapulmonary effects of CS are relatively modest compared with the pulmonary effects, some extrapulmonary organs are vulnerable to CS-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center , Ibaraki , Japan
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15
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Barreiro E. Protein carbonylation and muscle function in COPD and other conditions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:219-236. [PMID: 24167039 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue in mammals, is essential for any activity in life. Muscle dysfunction is a common systemic manifestation in highly prevalent conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer cachexia, and sepsis. It has a significant impact on exercise tolerance, thus worsening the patients' quality of life and survival. Among several factors, oxidative stress is a major player in the etiology of skeletal muscle dysfunction associated with those conditions. Whereas low levels of oxidants are absolutely required for normal cell adaptation, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) alter the function and structure of molecules such as proteins, DNA, and lipids. Specifically, protein carbonylation, a common variety of protein oxidation, was shown to alter the function of key enzymes and structural proteins involved in muscle contractile performance. Moreover, increased levels of ROS may also activate proteolytic systems, thus leading to enhanced protein breakdown in several models. In the current review, the specific modifications induced by carbonylation in protein structure and function in muscles have been described. Furthermore, the potential role of ROS in the activation of proteolytic systems in skeletal muscles is also discussed. The review summarizes the effects of protein carbonylation on muscles in several models and conditions such as COPD, disuse muscle atrophy, cancer cachexia, sepsis, and aging. Future research should focus on the elucidation of the specific protein sites modified by ROS in these muscles using redox proteomics analyses and on the assessment of the consequent alterations in protein function and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Research, Respiratory System Unit (URMAR), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Department of Experimental, Health Sciences (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Bunyola, Majorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
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16
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Fricker M, Deane A, Hansbro PM. Animal models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:629-45. [PMID: 24754714 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.909805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading global cause of mortality and chronic morbidity. Inhalation of cigarette smoke is the principal risk factor for development of this disease. COPD is a progressive disease that is typically characterised by chronic pulmonary inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, airway remodelling and emphysema that collectively reduce lung function. There are currently no therapies that effectively halt or reverse disease progression. It is hoped that the development of animal models that develop the hallmark features of COPD, in a short time frame, will aid in the identifying and testing of new therapeutic approaches. AREAS COVERED The authors review the recent developments in mouse models of chronic cigarette smoke-induced COPD as well as the principal findings. Furthermore, the authors discuss the use of mouse models to understand the pathogenesis and the contribution of infectious exacerbations. They also discuss the investigations of the systemic co-morbidities of COPD (pulmonary hypertension, cachexia and osteoporosis). EXPERT OPINION Recent advances in the field mark a point where animal models recapitulate the pathologies of COPD patients in a short time frame. They also reveal novel insights into the pathogenesis and potential treatment of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fricker
- University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease , New Lambton Heights, New South Wales , Australia
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17
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Domínguez-Fandos D, Ferrer E, Puig-Pey R, Carreño C, Prats N, Aparici M, Musri MM, Gavaldà A, Peinado VI, Miralpeix M, Barberà JA. Effects of aclidinium bromide in a cigarette smoke-exposed Guinea pig model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:337-46. [PMID: 24032416 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0117oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-acting muscarinic antagonists are widely used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition to bronchodilation, muscarinic antagonism may affect pulmonary histopathological changes. The effects of long-acting muscarinic antagonists have not been thoroughly evaluated in experimental models of COPD induced by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). We investigated the effects of aclidinium bromide on pulmonary function, airway remodeling, and lung inflammation in a CS-exposed model of COPD. A total of 36 guinea pigs were exposed to CS and 22 were sham exposed for 24 weeks. Animals were nebulized daily with vehicle, 10 μg/ml, or 30 μg/ml aclidinium, resulting in six experimental groups. Pulmonary function was assessed weekly by whole-body plethysmography, determining the enhanced pause (Penh) at baseline, after treatment, and after CS/sham exposure. Lung changes were evaluated by morphometry and immunohistochemistry. CS exposure increased Penh in all conditions. CS-exposed animals treated with aclidinium showed lower baseline Penh than untreated animals (P = 0.02). CS induced thickening of all bronchial wall layers, airspace enlargement, and inflammatory cell infiltrate in airways and septa. Treatment with aclidinium abrogated the CS-induced smooth muscle enlargement in small airways (P = 0.001), and tended to reduce airspace enlargement (P = 0.054). Aclidinium also attenuated CS-induced neutrophilia in alveolar septa (P = 0.04). We conclude that, in guinea pigs chronically exposed to CS, aclidinium has an antiremodeling effect on small airways, which is associated with improved respiratory function, and attenuates neutrophilic infiltration in alveolar septa. These results indicate that, in COPD, aclidinium may exert beneficial effects on lung structure in addition to its bronchodilator action.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Domínguez-Fandos
- 1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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The lung inflammation and skeletal muscle wasting induced by subchronic cigarette smoke exposure are not altered by a high-fat diet in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80471. [PMID: 24260397 PMCID: PMC3834033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and cigarette smoking independently constitute major preventable causes of morbidity and mortality and obesity is known to worsen lung inflammation in asthma. Paradoxically, higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with reduced mortality in smoking induced COPD whereas low BMI increases mortality risk. To date, no study has investigated the effect of a dietary-induced obesity and cigarette smoke exposure on the lung inflammation and loss of skeletal muscle mass in mice. Male BALB/c mice were exposed to 4 cigarettes/day, 6 days/week for 7 weeks, or sham handled. Mice consumed either standard laboratory chow (3.5 kcal/g, 12% fat) or a high fat diet (HFD, 4.3 kcal/g, 32% fat). Mice exposed to cigarette smoke for 7 weeks had significantly more inflammatory cells in the BALF (P<0.05) and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was significantly increased (P<0.05); HFD had no effect on these parameters. Sham- and smoke-exposed mice consuming the HFD were significantly heavier than chow fed animals (12 and 13%, respectively; P<0.05). Conversely, chow and HFD fed mice exposed to cigarette smoke weighed 16 and 15% less, respectively, compared to sham animals (P<0.05). The skeletal muscles (soleus, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius) of cigarette smoke-exposed mice weighed significantly less than sham-exposed mice (P<0.05) and the HFD had no protective effect. For the first time we report that cigarette smoke exposure significantly decreased insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA expression in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior and IGF-1 protein in the gastrocnemius (P<0.05). We have also shown that cigarette smoke exposure reduced circulating IGF-1 levels. IL-6 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in all three skeletal muscles of chow fed smoke-exposed mice (P<0.05). In conclusion, these findings suggest that a down-regulation in local IGF-1 may be responsible for the loss of skeletal muscle mass following cigarette smoke exposure in mice.
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Nemmar A, Raza H, Yuvaraju P, Beegam S, John A, Yasin J, Hameed RS, Adeghate E, Ali BH. Nose-only water-pipe smoking effects on airway resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:1316-23. [PMID: 23869065 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00194.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-pipe smoking (WPS) is a common practice in the Middle East and is now gaining popularity in Europe and the United States. However, there is a limited number of studies on the respiratory effects of WPS. More specifically, the underlying pulmonary pathophysiological mechanisms related to WPS exposure are not understood. Presently, we assessed the respiratory effects of nose-only exposure to mainstream WPS generated by commercially available honey flavored "moasel" tobacco. The duration of the session was 30 min/day and 5 days/wk for 1 mo. Control mice were exposed to air only. Here, we measured in BALB/c mice the airway resistance using forced-oscillation technique. Lung inflammation was assessed histopathologically and by biochemical analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and oxidative stress was evaluated biochemically by measuring lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and several antioxidant enzymes. Pulmonary inflammation assessment showed an increase in neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers. Likewise, airway resistance was significantly increased in the WPS group compared with controls. Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 concentrations were significantly increased in BAL fluid. Lipid peroxidation in lung tissue was significantly increased whereas the level and activity of antioxidants including reduced glutathione, glutathione S transferase, and superoxide dismutase were all significantly decreased following WPS exposure, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress. Moreover, carboxyhemoglobin levels were significantly increased in the WPS group. We conclude that 1-mo nose-only exposure to WPS significantly increased airway resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Our results provide a mechanistic explanation for the limited clinical studies that reported the detrimental respiratory effects of WPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Nemmar A, Raza H, Subramaniyan D, John A, Elwasila M, Ali BH, Adeghate E. Evaluation of the pulmonary effects of short-term nose-only cigarette smoke exposure in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:1449-56. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.012103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Much is known about the chronic effects of cigarette smoke (CS) on lung function and inflammation and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms related to the short-term exposure to CS are not fully understood. Here, we assessed the effect of CS generated by nine consecutive cigarettes per day for four days in a nose-only exposure system on airway resistance measured using forced oscillation technique, lung inflammation and oxidative stress in BALB/c mice. Control mice were exposed to air. Mice exposed to CS showed a significant increase of neutrophils and lymphocytes numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The total protein and endothelin levels in BAL fluid were significantly augmented suggesting an increase of alveolar-capillary barrier permeability. Similarly, airway resistance was significantly increased in the CS group compared with controls. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels in lung tissue were significantly increased. The antioxidant activities of reduced glutathione, glutathione S transferase and superoxide dismutase were all significantly increased following CS exposure, indicating that CS could trigger adaptive responses that counterbalance the potentially damaging activity of oxygen radicals induced by CS exposure. In conclusion, our data indicate that short-term nose-only exposure to CS causes lung inflammation and increase of airway resistance mediated at least partly through the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Haider Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Deepa Subramaniyan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Annie John
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Mohamed Elwasila
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Badreldin H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 35, Muscat 123, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE
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21
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Freitas ERFSD, Araujo ECLDS, Alves KDS. Influência do tabagismo na força muscular respiratória em idosos. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-29502012000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Este estudo consistiu em avaliar a influência do tabagismo na força muscular respiratória (pressões inspiratória máxima e expiratória máxima) em idosos fisicamente independentes, comparando-os àqueles não fumantes. Foram selecionados 120 idosos com idades iguais ou acima de 60 anos de ambos os sexos e divididos em dois grupos de acordo com os critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde: Grupo Tabagistas, com 14, e Grupo Não tabagistas, com 106 indivíduos. Foi aplicado um questionário estruturado para coleta de dados demográficos. Para avaliação da força muscular respiratória, utilizou-se o manovacuômetro analógico da marca Gerar®, com intervalo de -300 a +300 cmH2O. Foram utilizados o teste t de Student para avaliar a diferença entre as médias encontradas e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r²) para analisar as associações. O Grupo Tabagistas apresentou menor pressão inspiratória máxima com diferença significante (p<0,0001). Não houve diferença significativa na pressão expiratória máxima. Observou-se que o índice de massa corpórea também foi significantemente inferior nos fumantes (p<0,0001), porém não foi identificada correlação positiva com força muscular inspiratória. Esses resultados sugerem que o tabagismo está relacionado com a redução da força da musculatura inspiratória e que, apesar de não apresentar correlação positiva com esta diminuição de força muscular, o índice de massa corpórea também foi menor em tais indivíduos.
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Rom O, Kaisari S, Aizenbud D, Reznick AZ. Sarcopenia and smoking: a possible cellular model of cigarette smoke effects on muscle protein breakdown. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1259:47-53. [PMID: 22758636 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, is a multifactorial impaired state of health. Lifestyle habits such as physical activity and nutrition have a major impact on sarcopenia progression. Several epidemiological studies have also shown an association between cigarette smoking and increased levels of sarcopenia in elderly long-time smokers. Clinical, in vivo, and in vitro studies have tried to investigate the mechanism behind exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) and the subsequent effects on skeletal muscles. The aim of this review is to present a cellular model of CS-induced skeletal muscle protein breakdown based on recent studies dealing with this issue and to propose new potential research directions that may explain the effects of exposure to CS on skeletal muscle integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Rom
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Identification of possible cigarette smoke constituents responsible for muscle catabolism. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2012; 33:199-208. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-012-9299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Barreiro E, del Puerto-Nevado L, Puig-Vilanova E, Pérez-Rial S, Sánchez F, Martínez-Galán L, Rivera S, Gea J, González-Mangado N, Peces-Barba G. Cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscles of mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 182:9-17. [PMID: 22349133 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS)-induced oxidative stress may cause muscle alterations in chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We sought to explore in AKR/J mice exposed to CS for 6 months and in control animals, levels of protein oxidation, oxidized proteins (immunoblotting, proteomics) and antioxidant mechanisms in both respiratory and limb muscles, body weight modifications, systemic inflammation, and lung structure. Compared to control mice, CS-exposed animals exhibited a reduction in body weight gain at 3 months and thereafter, showed lung emphysema, and exhibited increased oxidative stress levels in their diaphragms and gastrocnemius at 6 months. Proteins involved in glycolysis, ATP production and distribution, carbon dioxide hydration, and muscle contraction were carbonylated in respiratory and limb muscles. Blood tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels were significantly greater in CS-exposed mice than in control animals. In AKR/J mice, chronic exposure to CS induces lung emphysema concomitantly with greater oxidative modifications on muscle proteins in both respiratory and limb muscles, and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit, URMAR, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Rinaldi M, Maes K, De Vleeschauwer S, Thomas D, Verbeken EK, Decramer M, Janssens W, Gayan-Ramirez GN. Long-term nose-only cigarette smoke exposure induces emphysema and mild skeletal muscle dysfunction in mice. Dis Model Mech 2012; 5:333-41. [PMID: 22279084 PMCID: PMC3339827 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.008508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) focus on airway inflammation and lung histology, but their use has been hampered by the lack of pulmonary function data in their assessment. Systemic effects such as muscle dysfunction are also poorly modeled in emphysematous mice. We aimed to develop a cigarette-smoke-induced emphysema mouse model in which serial lung function and muscular dysfunction could be assessed, allowing the disease to be monitored more appropriately. C57Bl6 mice were nose-only exposed to cigarette smoke or filtered air for 3–6 months. Lung function tests were repeated in the same mice after 3 and 6 months of cigarette smoke or air exposure and compared with lung histological changes. Contractile properties of skeletal muscles and muscle histology were also determined at similar time points in separate groups of mice. Serial lung function measurements documented hyperinflation after 3 and 6 months of cigarette smoke exposure, with a significant 31–37% increase in total lung capacity (TLC) and a significant 26–35% increase in compliance (Cchord) when compared with animals exposed to filtered air only (P<0.001 after 3 and after 6 months). These functional changes preceded the changes in mean linear intercept, which became only significant after 6 months of cigarette smoke exposure and which correlated very well with TLC (r=0.74, P=0.004) and Cchord (r=0.79, P=0.001). After 6 months of cigarette smoke exposure, a significant fiber-type shift from IIa to IIx/b was also observed in the soleus muscle (P<0.05), whereas a 20% reduction of force was present at high stimulation frequencies (80 Hz; P=0.09). The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was not affected by cigarette smoke exposure. These serial pulmonary function variables are sensitive outcomes to detect emphysema progression in a nose-only cigarette-smoke-exposed animal model of COPD. In this model, muscular changes became apparent only after 6 months, particularly in muscles with a mixed fiber-type composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Rinaldi
- Respiratory Muscle Research Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, Onderwijs en Navorsing 1, bus 706, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Olea E, Ferrer E, Prieto-Lloret J, Gonzalez-Martin C, Vega-Agapito V, Gonzalez-Obeso E, Agapito T, Peinado V, Obeso A, Barbera JA, Gonzalez C. Effects of cigarette smoke and chronic hypoxia on airways remodeling and resistance. Clinical significance. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 179:305-13. [PMID: 22000990 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previously we have reported that association of cigarette smoke (CS) and chronic hypoxia (CH) interact positively to physiopathologically remodel pulmonary circulation. In present study we have exposed guinea pigs to CS smoke (four cigarettes/day; 3 months; CS) and to chronic hypoxia (12% O(2), 15 days; CH) alone or in combination (CSCH animals) and evaluated airways remodeling and resistance assessed as Penh (enhance pause). We measured Penh while animals breathe air, 10% O(2) and 5% CO(2) and found that CS and CH animals have higher Penh than controls; Penh was even larger in CSCH animals. A rough parallelism between Penh and thickness of bronchiolar wall and muscular layer and Goblet cell number was noticed. We conclude that CS and CH association accelerates CS-induced respiratory system damage, evidenced by augmented airway resistance, bronchial wall thickness and muscularization and Goblet cell number. Our findings would suggest that appearance of hypoxia would aggravate any preexisting pulmonary pathology by increasing airways resistance and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Olea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Passive smoke exposure is associated with perioperative adverse effects in children. J Clin Anesth 2011; 23:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Barreiro E, Peinado VI, Galdiz JB, Ferrer E, Marin-Corral J, Sánchez F, Gea J, Barberà JA. Cigarette Smoke–induced Oxidative Stress. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 182:477-88. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200908-1220oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Azzalini L, Ferrer E, Ramalho LN, Moreno M, Domínguez M, Colmenero J, Peinado VI, Barberà JA, Arroyo V, Ginès P, Caballería J, Bataller R. Cigarette smoking exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese rats. Hepatology 2010; 51:1567-76. [PMID: 20432253 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The prevalence of cigarette smoking (CS) is increased among obese subjects, who are susceptible to develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the hepatic effects of CS in control and obese rats. Control and obese Zucker rats were divided into smokers and nonsmokers (n = 12 per group). Smoker rats were exposed to 2 cigarettes/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. The effects of CS were assessed by biochemical analysis, hepatic histological examination, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression analysis. Phosphorylation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and quantification of carbonylated proteins were assessed by western blotting. As expected, obese rats showed hypercholesterolemia, insulin resistance, and histological features of NAFLD. Smoking did not modify the lipidic or glucidic serum profiles. Smoking increased alanine aminotransferase serum levels and the degree of liver injury in obese rats, whereas it only induced minor changes in control rats. Importantly, CS increased the histological severity of NAFLD in obese rats. We also explored the potential mechanisms involved in the deleterious effects of CS. Smoking increased the degree of oxidative stress and hepatocellular apoptosis in obese rats, but not in controls. Similarly, smoking increased the hepatic expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and procollagen-alpha2(I) in obese rats, but not in controls. Finally, smoking regulated ERK and AKT phosphorylation. The deleterious effects of CS were not observed after a short exposure (5 days). CONCLUSION CS causes oxidative stress and worsens the severity of NAFLD in obese rats. Further studies should assess whether this finding also occurs in patients with obesity and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Azzalini
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, and Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Kurus M, Firat Y, Cetin A, Kelles M, Otlu A. The effect of resveratrol in tracheal tissue of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Inhal Toxicol 2009; 21:979-84. [PMID: 19555232 DOI: 10.1080/08958370802666380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the tracheal tissue of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. MATERIALS AND METHODS 40 adult Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups for an experiment of 6 weeks. Animals in group 1 were controls (n = 10). Rats in group 2 were exposed to cigarette smoke only, and rats in group 3 received daily intraperitoneal injections of resveratrol (10 mg/kg/d). Animals in group 4 were exposed to both cigarette smoke and intraperitoneal injections of resveratrol. Rats of all groups were sacrificed using cervical dislocation. The tracheas were removed and embedded in paraffin blocks. Sections of 4-5 mum thickness were prepared from the blocks. These sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Alcian blue and viewed with a Leica DFC 280 light microscope. RESULTS Tracheal sections showed that, in group 2 (cigarette smoke group), there was desquamation of epithelial cells into the tracheal lumen, loss of cilia in the epithelial layer, an increase of goblet cells, activation of serous glands at the submucosa, and cell infiltration. In group 4 (cigarette smoke + resveratrol group), all these findings also existed but only a few sections were affected. It was observed that cigarette smoking caused morphological changes such as epithelial degeneration in the upper airway. These morphological changes were correlated with the amount of toxic substances in the cigarette smoke. CONCLUSION We found that resveratrol had a preventive role in the histopathological changes caused by cigarette smoking in the rat trachea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Kurus
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
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Thomé GR, Mazzanti CM, Ahmed M, Corrêa M, Spanevello RM, Maldonado PA, Luchese C, Cargnelutti D, Morsch VM, Duarte MMMF, Fiorenza AM, Nogueira CW, De Bona KS, Moretto MB, Da Luz SCA, Mazzanti A, Schetinger MRC. Activity of ectonucleotidases and adenosine deaminase in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Inhal Toxicol 2009; 21:906-12. [PMID: 19459774 DOI: 10.1080/08958370802632267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of various toxic substances that are capable of initiating oxidative damage and promoting blood platelet alterations. In this study, we investigated the activities of the ectoenzymes NTPDase (ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, CD39) and 5'-nucleotidase (CD73) in platelets as well as adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the plasma of rats exposed to aged and diluted sidestream smoke during 4 weeks. The rats were divided into two groups: I (control) and II (exposed to smoke). After the exposure period, blood was collected and the platelets and plasma were separated for enzymatic assay. The results demonstrated that NTPDase (with ATP as substrate) and 5'-nucleotidase (AMP as substrate) activities were significantly higher in group II (p < 0.05) as compared to group I, while no significant difference was observed for NTPDase with ADP as substrate. The ADA activity was significantly reduced in group II (p < 0.05) as compared with group I. Platelet aggregation was significantly increased in group II (p < 0.05) as compared with group I. We suggest that these alterations in the activity of enzymes from the purinergic system are associated with an increase in platelet aggregation. However, our study has demonstrated that the organism tries to compensate for this enhanced aggregation by increasing hydrolysis of AMP and reducing hydrolysis of adenosine, a potent inhibitor of aggregation and an important modulator of vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Thomé
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Luchese C, Stangherlin EC, Gay BM, Nogueira CW. Antioxidant effect of diphenyl diselenide on oxidative damage induced by smoke in rats: involvement of glutathione. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:248-254. [PMID: 18678407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2007] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the involvement of glutathione system in the restorative effect of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)(2) on damage induced by cigarette smoke was investigated. Rat pups were progressively exposed to four, five, and six cigarettes for exposure periods of 15 min during their first, second, and third weeks of life. Thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels, components of the enzymatic antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities), and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses (vitamin C and non-protein thiol (NPSH) levels) were examined in lungs of pups. The results demonstrated an increase in lipid peroxidation and the alteration in non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defenses induced by cigarette smoke exposure in lung of pups. Administration of (PhSe)(2) (0.5mg/kg) restored TBARS levels and antioxidant defenses in lungs of rat pups exposed to cigarette smoke. (PhSe)(2) treatment increased NPSH levels and GST activity per se in lungs of rat pups. Together these results indicate that (PhSe)(2) restored oxidative damage induced by cigarette smoke exposure in lungs of rat pups. The glutathione system is involved in antioxidant effect of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Luchese
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Eluza C Stangherlin
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Bibiana M Gay
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
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Gosker HR, Langen RCJ, Bracke KR, Joos GF, Brusselle GG, Steele C, Ward KA, Wouters EFM, Schols AMWJ. Extrapulmonary manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a mouse model of chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 40:710-6. [PMID: 18988919 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0312oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the most commonly encountered risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), reflected by irreversible airflow limitation, frequently associated with airspace enlargement and pulmonary inflammation. In addition, COPD has systemic consequences, including systemic inflammation, muscle wasting, and loss of muscle oxidative phenotype. However, the role of smoking in the development of these extrapulmonary manifestations remains rather unexplored. Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or control air for 6 months. Subsequently, emphysema was assessed by morphometry of lung tissue, and blood cytokine and chemokine levels were determined by a multiplex assay. Soleus, plantaris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis muscles were dissected and weighed. Muscle fiber typing was performed based on I, IIA, IIB, and IIX myosin heavy-chain isoform composition. Lungs of the smoke-exposed animals showed pulmonary inflammation and emphysema. Moreover, circulating levels of primarily proinflammatory proteins, especially TNF-alpha, were elevated after smoke exposure. Despite an attenuated body weight gain, only the soleus showed a tendency toward lower muscle weight after smoke exposure. Oxidative fiber type IIA proportion was significantly reduced in the soleus. Muscle oxidative enzyme activity was slightly reduced after smoke exposure, being most prominent for citrate synthase in the soleus and tibialis. In this mouse model, chronic cigarette smoke exposure resulted in systemic features that closely resemble the early signs of the extrapulmonary manifestations observed in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R Gosker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Montes de Oca M, Loeb E, Torres SH, De Sanctis J, Hernández N, Tálamo C. Peripheral Muscle Alterations in Non-COPD Smokers. Chest 2008; 133:13-8. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.07-1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Luchese C, Stangherlin EC, Ardais AP, Nogueira CW, Santos FW. Diphenyl diselenide prevents oxidative damage induced by cigarette smoke exposure in lung of rat pups. Toxicology 2006; 230:189-96. [PMID: 17178183 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of cigarette smoke exposure on lungs of rat pups was evaluated. Animals were exposed to passive cigarette smoke during 3 weeks and a number of toxicological parameters in lung of pups were examined, such as lipid peroxidation, delta-aminolevulic acid dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) activity, components of the enzymatic antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities) and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses (Vitamin C and non-protein thiol (NPSH) levels). Furthermore, a possible protective effect of diphenyl diselenide, (PhSe)(2), was studied. The results demonstrated an increase in lipid peroxidation, an inhibition of delta-ALA-D activity, a reduction of Vitamin C and NPSH levels induced by cigarette smoke exposure, indicating damage in lungs of rat pups. Oral administration of (PhSe)(2) (0.5mg/kg) restored TBARS levels, non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses and activity of delta-ALA-D. These results indicated that exposure to cigarette smoke enhanced oxidative stress, thereby disturbing the tissue defense system. (PhSe)(2) protected against oxidative damage induced by cigarette smoke exposure in lung of rat pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Luchese
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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