1
|
Uliński R, Kwiecień I, Domagała-Kulawik J. Lung Cancer in the Course of COPD-Emerging Problems Today. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153819. [PMID: 35954482 PMCID: PMC9367492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking remains the main cause of tobacco-dependent diseases like lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in addition to cardiovascular diseases and other cancers. Whilst the majority of smokers will not develop either COPD or lung cancer, they are closely related diseases, occurring as co-morbidities at a higher rate than if they were independently triggered by smoking. A patient with COPD has a four- to six-fold greater risk of developing lung cancer independent of smoking exposure, when compared to matched smokers with normal lung function. The 10 year risk is about 8.8% in the COPD group and only 2% in patients with normal lung function. COPD is not a uniform disorder: there are different phenotypes. One of them is manifested by the prevalence of emphysema and this is complicated by malignant processes most often. Here, we present and discuss the clinical problems of COPD in patients with lung cancer and against lung cancer in the course of COPD. There are common pathological pathways in both diseases. These are inflammation with participation of macrophages and neutrophils and proteases. It is known that anticancer immune regulation is distorted towards immunosuppression, while in COPD the elements of autoimmunity are described. Cytotoxic T cells, lymphocytes B and regulatory T cells with the important role of check point molecules are involved in both processes. A growing number of lung cancer patients are treated with immune check point inhibitors (ICIs), and it was found that COPD patients may have benefits from this treatment. Altogether, the data point to the necessity for deeper analysis and intensive research studies to limit the burden of these serious diseases by prevention and by elaboration of specific therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Uliński
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Kwiecień
- Laboratory of Hematology and Flow Cytometry, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Domagała-Kulawik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang DW, Ye JJ, Sun Y, Ji S, Kang JY, Wei YY, Fei GH. CD19 and POU2AF1 are Potential Immune-Related Biomarkers Involved in the Emphysema of COPD: On Multiple Microarray Analysis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2491-2507. [PMID: 35479834 PMCID: PMC9035466 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s355764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Emphysema is the main cause of the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to identify the key genes involved in COPD-related emphysema. Patients and Methods GSE76925 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Protein–protein interaction networks of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and COPD groups were constructed to identify hub genes using Cytoscape. Diagnostic performance of hub genes was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Correlation analysis was performed to identify the key genes by analyzing the relationship between the hub genes and lung function and computed tomography (CT) indexes of emphysema. COPD patients were then divided into two groups based on the median expression of key genes and DEGs between these two groups were identified. Enrichment analysis of DEGs and correlation analysis between key genes and the infiltration of the immune cells were also analyzed. Finally, the role of key genes was evaluated in a lung tissues dataset (GSE47460) and a blood dataset (GSE76705). Additionally, the expression of key genes was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Results CD19 and POU2AF1 had diagnostic efficacy for COPD and were significantly correlated with lung function and CT indexes of emphysema. Enrichment and immune analyses revealed that CD19 and POU2AF1 were correlated with the B cells in COPD. These results were consistent in GSE47460. The expression of CD19 and POU2AF1 in blood was the opposite of that in lung tissues, and CD19 and POU2AF1 were both significantly upregulated in COPD lung tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion CD19 and POU2AF1 may serve as key regulators of emphysema and contribute to the progression of COPD by regulating the B-cell immunology. Targeting B cells may be a promising strategy for treating COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Ye
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ying Kang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-He Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research and Medical Transformation of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guang-He Fei, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 551 6292 2013, Fax +86 551 6363 5578, Email
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Therapeutic approaches targeting molecular signaling pathways common to diabetes, lung diseases and cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113918. [PMID: 34375681 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), is the most common metabolic disease and is characterized by sustained hyperglycemia. Accumulating evidences supports a strong association between DM and numerous lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), fibrosis, and lung cancer (LC). The global incidence of DM-associated lung disorders is rising and several ongoing studies, including clinical trials, aim to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking DM with lung disorders, in particular LC. Several potential mechanisms, including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, glycation, inflammation, and hypoxia, are cited as plausible links between DM and LC. In addition, studies also propose a connection between the use of anti-diabetic medications and reduction in the incidence of LC. However, the exact cause for DM associated lung diseases especially LC is not clear and is an area under intense investigation. Herein, we review the biological links reported between DM and lung disorders with an emphasis on LC. Furthermore, we report common signaling pathways (eg: TGF-β, IL-6, HIF-1, PDGF) and miRNAs that are dysregulated in DM and LC and serve as molecular targets for therapy. Finally, we propose a nanomedicine based approach for delivering therapeutics (eg: IL-24 plasmid DNA, HuR siRNA) to disrupt signaling pathways common to DM and LC and thus potentially treat DM-associated LC. Finally, we conclude that the effective modulation of commonly regulated signaling pathways would help design novel therapeutic protocols for treating DM patients diagnosed with LC.
Collapse
|
4
|
Williams M, Todd I, Fairclough LC. The role of CD8 + T lymphocytes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. Inflamm Res 2020; 70:11-18. [PMID: 33037881 PMCID: PMC7806561 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN This systematic review aims to establish the role of CD8 + T lymphocytes in COPD. METHODS Forty-eight papers published in the last 15 years were identified for inclusion. RESULTS CD8 + T-cells are increased in the lungs of patients with COPD (17 studies, 16 positive) whereas in the circulation, findings were inconclusive. Activation of CD8 + T-cells was enhanced in lungs (four studies, three positive) but cell phenotype was unclear. There was substantial evidence of a higher proportion of type 1 CD8 + (Tc1) cells in COPD (11 studies, 9 positive), though the population of type 2 (Tc2) cells was also increased (5 studies, 4 positive). CD8 + T-cells in COPD exhibited greater expression of cytotoxic proteins (five studies, five positive). Studies assessed a variety of questions so evidence was insufficient to draw firm conclusions. The role of CD8 + T-cells at acute exacerbation of COPD and also their contribution to alveolar destruction can only be hypothesised at this stage. CONCLUSIONS Not only is the number of CD8 + T-cells increased in COPD, these cells have increased capacity to exert effector functions and are likely to contribute to disease pathogenesis. Several mechanisms highlighted show promise for future investigation to consolidate current knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Williams
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Life Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ian Todd
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Life Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lucy C Fairclough
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Life Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Immunomodulatory Molecules On Lung Cancer Stem Cells From Lymph Nodes Aspirates. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040838. [PMID: 32244422 PMCID: PMC7226167 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unfortunately, not all patients benefit from PD-(L)1 blockade, yet, the PD-L1 tumor cell expression is the only approved biomarker, and other biomarkers have been investigated. In the present study, we analyzed the presence of immunomodulatory molecules: PD-L1, CD47, CD73, Fas, and FasL on mature tumor cells (MTCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) in lymph nodes (LNs) aspirates and refer it to the lymphocyte subpopulation in peripheral blood (PB). PB samples and LNs aspirates obtained during the endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS/TBNA) procedure of 20 patients at different stages of NSCLC. The cells were analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry. We reported the higher frequency of MTCs and CSCs expressing the investigated immunomodulating molecules in metastatic LNs than in nonmetastatic. The expression of CD47 and PD-L1 was significantly higher on CSCs than on MTCs. Among the lymphocyte subpopulation in PB, we observed a higher frequency of PD-1+ CD8 T cells and Fas+ CD8 T cells in patients with confirmed metastases than in nonmetastatic. Next, we found that the percentage of FasL+ MTCs correlated with the frequency of Fas+ CD3 T cells in LNs aspirates and Fas+ CD8 T cells in PB. Finally, we found that patients with metastatic disease had a significantly higher FasL+/Fas+ MTCs ratio than patients with nonmetastatic disease. Both MTCs and CSCs express different immunomodulatory molecules on their surface. The frequency of FasL+ MTCs associates with altered distribution of Fas+ lymphocyte subpopulations in LNs and PB.
Collapse
|
6
|
Domagała-Kulawik J, Kwiecień I, Bielicki P, Skirecki T. Fas-positive lymphocytes are associated with systemic inflammation in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Breath 2018; 23:673-678. [PMID: 30171418 PMCID: PMC6529390 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-018-1713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with alterations in immune system which may lead to serious complications. The aim of this study was to explore lymphocyte populations in OSAS with special attention to the Fas-positive cells. METHODS Fifty-one patients with confirmed OSA and 20 healthy subjects were investigated. The OSA severity indices, data concerning comorbidities, and markers of inflammation and metabolic disorders were collected. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the lymphocyte profile and expression of Fas receptors (CD95). Concentration of adiponectin, IL-1β, TNF-α, and sFas were measured. RESULTS Proportions of Fas-positive cells in the pool of CD4+ and Fas-positive in the pool of CD8+ cells in the blood of patients were significantly increased when compared with healthy subjects (74.5% vs. 65.6% and 78.8% vs.70.9%, respectively, p < 0.05). No correlation with OSA severity was found. However, the proportion and number of Fas+ cells were elevated in obese patients, in non-smokers, and in patients suffering from COPD and hypertension. There were several significant relations of Fas+ cells with inflammatory markers of systemic inflammation. CONCLUSION Lymphocytes with the expression of Fas receptor are associated with systemic inflammation in OSAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Domagała-Kulawik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1a, 02 097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Kwiecień
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Military Medical Institute, ul. Szaserow 128, 04 141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Bielicki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1a, 02 097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01 813, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mehani SHM. Immunomodulatory effects of two different physical therapy modalities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:1527-1533. [PMID: 28931981 PMCID: PMC5599814 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Counteracting the systemic cytokine release and its inflammatory effects by
improving respiratory muscle strength and controlling lung inflammation may be important
for improving immune system in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, So the
aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of low level laser therapy and
inspiratory muscle training on interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a marker of inflammation and
CD4+/CD8+ ratio as a marker for T Lymphocytes in these patients. [Subjects and Methods]
Forty male patients with stable COPD participated in the study, their ages ranged between
55−65 years. They were randomly divided into group (A) who received inspiratory muscle
training and group (B) who received low level laser (LLL) acupuncture stimulation for
about 8 week. [Results] There was a reduction in the concentration of plasma IL-6
associated with an increase in CD4+/CD8+ ratio in both groups, but laser was superior to
inspiratory muscle training. IL-6 and CD4+/CD8+ were negatively correlated. [Conclusion]
Both inspiratory muscle training and low level laser therapy are effective physical
therapy modalities in promoting immune disturbances. The results also supported the
superior role of LLLT over IMT in managing immune disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Hassan M Mehani
- Department of Physical Therapy for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Beni-Suef University: Benisuef Elgadata, Street no.18, Benisuef governorate, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu WH, Hu XL, Liu XF, Bai P, Sun YC. Peripheral Tc17 and Tc17/Interferon-γ Cells are Increased and Associated with Lung Function in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:909-16. [PMID: 27064034 PMCID: PMC4831524 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.179798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive loss of lung function and local and systemic inflammation, in which CD8+ T-cells are believed to play a key role. Activated CD8+ T-cells differentiate into distinct subpopulations, including interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing Tc1 and interleukin (IL)-17-producing Tc17 cells. Recent evidence indicates that Tc17 cells exhibit considerable plasticity and may convert into IL-17/IFN-γ-double producing (Tc17/IFN-γ) cells when driven by inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the Tc17/IFN-γ subpopulation in peripheral blood of patients with COPD and to evaluate their potential roles in this disease. Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 15 never-smokers, 23 smokers with normal lung function, and 25 patients with COPD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2–4). Proportions of the IL-17/IFN-γ-double expressing subpopulation were assessed using flow cytometry. Plasma concentrations of cytokines favoring Tc17/IFN-γ differentiation were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Patients with COPD had higher proportions of Tc17 cells and Tc17/IFN-γ cells in the peripheral blood than smokers and never-smokers. The plasticity of Tc17 cells was higher than that of Th17 cells. The percentages of Tc17 cells and Tc17/IFN-γ cells showed negative correlations with forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted value (r = −0.418, P = 0.03; r = −0.596, P = 0.002, respectively). The plasma concentrations of IL-6, transforming growth factor-β1, and IL-12 were significantly higher in patients with COPD compared with smokers and never-smokers. Conclusions: Peripheral Tc17 cells are increased and more likely to convert to Tc17/IFN-γ cells in COPD, suggesting that Tc17 cell plasticity may be involved in persistent inflammation of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yong-Chang Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Probing Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Immune Response in the Progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Multiscale Network Modeling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163192. [PMID: 27669518 PMCID: PMC5036797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by progressive destruction of lung tissues and airway obstruction. COPD is currently the third leading cause of death worldwide and there is no curative treatment available so far. Cigarette smoke (CS) is the major risk factor for COPD. Yet, only a relatively small percentage of smokers develop the disease, showing that disease susceptibility varies significantly among smokers. As smoking cessation can prevent the disease in some smokers, quitting smoking cannot halt the progression of COPD in others. Despite extensive research efforts, cellular and molecular mechanisms of COPD remain elusive. In particular, the disease susceptibility and smoking cessation effects are poorly understood. To address these issues in this work, we develop a multiscale network model that consists of nodes, which represent molecular mediators, immune cells and lung tissues, and edges describing the interactions between the nodes. Our model study identifies several positive feedback loops and network elements playing a determinant role in the CS-induced immune response and COPD progression. The results are in agreement with clinic and laboratory measurements, offering novel insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of COPD. The study in this work also provides a rationale for targeted therapy and personalized medicine for the disease in future.
Collapse
|
10
|
Newton AH, Danahy DB, Chan MA, Benedict SH. Timely blockade of ICAM-1.LFA-1 interaction prevents disease onset in a mouse model of emphysema. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:621-9. [PMID: 26098520 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM It is becoming apparent that emphysema is partly driven by self-reactive T cells inducing inflammatory damage. Thus, T cells become targets for therapy similar to other autoimmune diseases. Costimulatory blockade therapy targets disease-specific T cells, rendering them ineffective by blocking a necessary costimulatory event on the T-cell surface. This therapy is tested here in mouse emphysema. MATERIALS & METHODS Peptides representing contact domains of counter receptors LFA-1 and ICAM-1 were used as blockade therapy in elastase-induced emphysema. RESULTS When administered during the first week after disease induction, blockade prevented lung destruction, reduced leukocyte infiltration and inhibited the decrease in T-cell CD4:CD8 ratio, also common in human emphysema. CONCLUSION Costimulatory blockade therapy can affect the progress of emphysema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy H Newton
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Present address: Beirne B Carter Center for Immunology Research, Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | - Derek B Danahy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Present address: Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Marcia A Chan
- Division of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, Children's Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, MO, USA
| | - Stephen H Benedict
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
T, B, and NKT Cells in Systemic Inflammation in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:161579. [PMID: 26101459 PMCID: PMC4458542 DOI: 10.1155/2015/161579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) brings risk of serious complications. The study objective was to assess elements of the cellular immune response in the course of OSAS. Methods. Peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes: T, B, NK, NKT-like, Th, Tc, and HLA DR+ T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry of 48 OSA patients; the concentration of adiponectin, interleukin 1β, and TNFα was measured by ELISA method. The OSA complication score was developed and used for statistical analysis. Results. The proportion of B cells and Th/Tc ratio were significantly lower in the BP of OSA patients when compared with control subjects (median 7.9 versus 10.9%, 0.9 versus 1.5, p < 0.05). The proportion of Tc, NK, NKT-like, and HLADR positive T cells were elevated in OSA patients when compared with healthy subjects (36.4 versus 26.8, 15.5 versus 8.5, 5.7 versus 3.0, and 8.4 versus 4.5%, p < 0.05, resp.) and were more pronounced in patients with metabolic syndrome. The grade of OSA complication score correlated with systemic inflammation markers and the proportion of B cells. The value of adiponectin/BMI ratio correlated significantly with SpO2 (r = 0.31, p < 0.05), CRP (r = −0.35, p < 0.05), TNFα concentration (r = −0.36, p < 0.05), and proportion of B cells (r = 0.32, p < 0.05). Conclusion. Lymphocytes B, Tc, NK, NKT-like, and adiponectin are involved in systemic immune response in OSA patients possibly predisposing them to cardiovascular and metabolic complications.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hong G, Chen B, Li H, Zhang W, Zheng T, Li S, Shi T, Ao L, Guo Z. Similar source of differential blood mRNAs in lung cancer and pulmonary inflammatory diseases: calls for improved strategy for identifying cancer-specific biomarkers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108104. [PMID: 25243474 PMCID: PMC4171535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies try to identify cancer diagnostic biomarkers by comparing peripheral whole blood (PWB) of cancer samples and healthy controls, explicitly or implicitly assuming that such biomarkers are potential candidate biomarkers for distinguishing cancer from nonmalignant inflammation-associated diseases. METHODS Multiple PWB gene expression profiles for lung cancer/inflammation-associated pulmonary diseases were used for differential mRNAs identification and comparison and for proportion estimation of PWB cell subtypes. RESULTS The differentially expressed genes (DE genes) between lung cancer/inflammation-associated pulmonary patients and healthy controls were reproducibly identified in different datasets. For these DE genes observed in lung cancer/inflammation-associated pulmonary diseases, more than 90.2% were differentially expressed between myeloid cells and lymphoid cells, with at least 96.8% having consistent directions of regulation (up- or down-regulations) in myeloid cells compared to lymphoid cells, explainable by the shifted populations of PWB cell subtypes under the disease conditions. The comparison of DE genes for lung cancer and inflammation-associated pulmonary diseases showed that the overlapping genes were 100% consistent in the sense of direction of regulation. CONCLUSIONS The differential blood mRNAs observed in lung cancer and in inflammation-associated pulmonary diseases were similar, both mainly reflecting the difference between myeloid cells and lymphoid cells predominantly determined by PWB cell population shifts. Thus, the strategy of comparing cancer with healthy controls may provide little information of the ability of the identified candidate biomarkers in discriminating cancer from inflammation-associated pulmonary diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guini Hong
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongdong Li
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Li
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tongwei Shi
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Ao
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li H, Zheng T, Chen B, Hong G, Zhang W, Shi T, Li S, Ao L, Wang C, Guo Z. Similar blood-borne DNA methylation alterations in cancer and inflammatory diseases determined by subpopulation shifts in peripheral leukocytes. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:525-31. [PMID: 24960404 PMCID: PMC4119994 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many DNA methylation (DNAm) alterations observed in peripheral whole blood/leukocytes and serum have been considered as potential diagnostic markers for cancer, their origin and their specificity for cancer (e.g., vs inflammatory diseases) remain unclear. METHODS From publicly available datasets, we identified changes in the methylation of blood-borne DNA for multiple cancers and inflammatory diseases. We compared the identified changes with DNAm difference between myeloid and lymphoid cells extracted from two datasets. RESULTS At least 94.7% of the differentially methylated DNA loci (DM loci) observed in peripheral whole blood/leukocytes and serum of cancer patients overlapped with DM loci that distinguish between myeloid and lymphoid cells and >99.9% of the overlapped DM loci had consistent alteration states (hyper- or hypomethylation) in cancer samples compared to normal controls with those in myeloid cells compared to lymphoid cells (binomial test, P-value <2.2 × 10(-16)). Similar results were observed for DM loci in peripheral whole blood/leukocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel diseases. The direct comparison between DM loci observed in the peripheral whole blood/leukocytes of patients with inflammatory diseases and DM loci observed in the peripheral whole blood of patients with cancer showed that DM loci detected from cancer and inflammatory diseases also had significantly consistent alteration states (binomial test, P-value <2.2 × 10(-16)). CONCLUSIONS DNAm changes observed in the peripheral whole blood/leukocytes and serum of cancer patients and in the peripheral whole blood/leukocytes of inflammatory disease patients are predominantly determined by the increase of myeloid cells and the decrease of lymphoid cells under the disease conditions, in the sense that their alteration states in disease samples compared to normal controls mainly reflect the DNAm difference between myeloid and lymphoid cells. These analyses highlight the importance of comparing cancer and inflammatory disease directly for the identification of cancer-specific diagnostic biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - T Zheng
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - B Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - G Hong
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - W Zhang
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - T Shi
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - S Li
- Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - L Ao
- 1] College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China [2] Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - C Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Z Guo
- 1] Bioinformatics Centre, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China [2] College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China [3] Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang H, Ying H, Wang S, Gu X, Weng Y, Peng W, Xia D, Yu W. Imbalance of peripheral blood Th17 and Treg responses in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2014; 9:330-41. [PMID: 24720797 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune responses mediated by cluster of differentiation 4(+) T cells may contribute to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is known about the frequency of peripheral blood Th17 cells and of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in Chinese patients with COPD. This study is aimed at determining the frequency of circulating Th17 and Tregs in patients with moderate and severe COPD, heavy smokers and healthy controls (HC). METHOD The percentages of circulating T-helper type (Th)17 cells and Tregs were determined by flow cytometry in 32 patients with moderate COPD, 33 patients with severe COPD, 35 smokers, and 31 HC. The concentrations of serum Th17- and Treg-related cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of retinoic acid orphan receptor (ROR)-γt and Forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) mRNA transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The potential correlation between the percentages of Th17 Tregs, serum cytokines and lung function was evaluated. RESULTS In comparison with that in the smokers and HC, significantly higher frequencies of Th17 cells and higher levels of ROR-γt mRNA transcripts and serum interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-6, IL-21, IL-22 and IL-23, but lower frequency of Tregs and lower levels of Foxp3 and serum IL-10 were detected in patients with moderate and severe COPD. The increased ratios of Th17 to Tregs were negatively correlated with the values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC. CONCLUSIONS An imbalance of circulating Th17 cells and Tregs is associated with the deterioration of pulmonary function in patients with moderate and severe COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Yinzhou Hospital, College of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huajuan Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Yinzhou Hospital, College of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Yinzhou Hospital, College of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Yinzhou Hospital, College of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuesong Weng
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Yinzhou Hospital, College of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanjun Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Yinzhou Hospital, College of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choudhury G, Rabinovich R, MacNee W. Comorbidities and Systemic Effects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Clin Chest Med 2014; 35:101-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
16
|
Domagala-Kulawik J, Urbankowski T, Safianowska A. S Fas in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with sarcoidosis in relation to cigarette smoking. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:858-60. [PMID: 23619472 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multiorgan granulomatous disease with frequent spontaneous remission. Apoptosis is postulated to participate in the granuloma resolution. Soluble Fas (sFas) is known to inhibit Fas-induced apoptosis. The aim of this study was to determine the sFas concentration in the BALf of ever smoking (S) and never smoking (NS) patients with sarcoidosis. We investigated 57 patients with confirmed SA: 36 NS and 21 S. The sFas concentration was measured by ELISA method. The sFas concentration was lower in the BALf of patients S group compared with NS (median values 68.3 vs. 96.1 pg/mL, p=0.07) and it was significantly lower in active smokers when compared with NS (62.9 vs. 96.1 pg/mL, p=0.03). There was a significant correlation between sFas concentration and proportion of lymphocytes and negative relation with macrophage proportion. Lower concentration of sFas in smoking SA patients may result in higher apoptosis rate of inflammatory cells and hereby promote resolution of granulomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Domagala-Kulawik
- Department of Internal Diseases, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen C, Shen Y, Ni CJ, Zhu YH, Huang JA. Imbalance of circulating T-lymphocyte subpopulation in COPD and its relationship with CAT performance. J Clin Lab Anal 2012; 26:109-14. [PMID: 22467326 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with systemic effects, and T-cell-mediated immunity was involved in the COPD. COPD Assessment Test (CAT) could provide a valid, reliable, and standardized measure of COPD health status. The objective of this study was determination of lymphocyte subpopulation in patients with stable COPD (n = 52) and to ascertain if a relationship existed between T-lymphocyte subpopulation and CAT performance. The stable COPD patients were assessed with CAT, and divided into four groups with score >30 (n = 8), 20< score ≤30 (n = 16), 10< score ≤20 (n = 20), and score ≤10 (n = 8). Spearman's rank correlation was used to determine the relationship between proportion of T lymphocyte and CAT score. We found an elevated proportion of CD8(+) cells in COPD patients of the group with score >30 compared to other groups. Proportion of CD4(+) cells was significantly lower in the groups with score >30 and 20< score ≤30 when compared to groups with 10< score ≤20 and score ≤10. The CD4(+) :CD8(+) ratio was also significantly lower in the groups with score >30 and 20< score ≤30. Of note are the correlations of proportion of CD8(+) cells and CD4(+) :CD8(+) ratio with CAT performance when score >20. No correlations existed between proportion of CD4(+) , CD8(+) cells, CD4(+) :CD8(+) ratio, and CAT performance when score ≤20. Our results show that the determinants of T-lymphocyte subpopulation in COPD patients were value to assess physical conditions. We considered CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes to be a representative and stable parameter in grading of health status in COPD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Respiratory Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mat Z, Grensemann B, Yakin Y, Knobloch J, Koch A. Effect of lipoteichoic acid on IL-2 and IL-5 release from T lymphocytes in asthma and COPD. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 13:284-91. [PMID: 22542695 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility to infections with gram-positive bacteria, which are an important trigger of exacerbations, is increased in COPD and asthma. Unraveling the underlying mechanisms may help developing therapeutic strategies to reduce exacerbation rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a danger signal from gram-positive bacteria, on T cell cytokines related to bacterial infection defense in COPD and asthma. T cell populations within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were ex-vivo activated towards T(H)2/T(C)2 subtypes and subsequently stimulated with LTA. IL-2 and IL-5 concentrations in cell culture supernatants were measured by ELISA comparative between non-smokers (NS), current smokers without airflow limitation (S), smokers with moderate to severe COPD and mild to moderate asthmatics (A) (each n=10). IL-2 and IL-5 baseline levels were without differences between the cohorts. After T cell activation, IL-2 and IL-5 releases were increased in all cohorts, however, for IL-2 this increase was significantly higher in S and by trend in COPD compared to the other groups. LTA time-dependently suppressed IL-2 release in NS, S and COPD but not in A. LTA reduced IL-5 release in COPD and A but not in NS and S. Summarized, LTA reduces T(H)2/T(C)2 cytokines indicating immunosuppressive effects, which are dysregulated in COPD and asthma. This implies a misguided response to gram-positive bacterial infections, which might help to explain the increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in COPD and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Mat
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
[Structural abnormalities and inflammation in COPD: a focus on small airways]. Rev Mal Respir 2011; 28:749-60. [PMID: 21742236 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by poorly reversible airflow limitation associated with airway remodelling and inflammation of both large and small airways. The site of airflow obstruction in COPD is located in the small airways, justifying a focus on this compartment. The structural abnormalities that are found in bronchioles with a diameter less than 2mm are characterized by increased airway wall thickness with peribronchial fibrosis, and by luminal obstruction by mucous exudates. Destruction of alveolar walls, the hallmark of emphysema, may be related to protease-antiprotease imbalance, and to mechanisms involving apoptosis, senescence, and autoimmunity. Cigarette smoke inhalation triggers the recruitment of innate immune cells (neutrophils and macrophages) and putatively adaptive immunity mediated via T and B lymphocytes and lymphoid follicles in the small airways. These data suggest a potential role for therapies that can target remodelling and inflammation in the small airways of patients with COPD.
Collapse
|
20
|
Domagała-Kulawik J, Hoser G, Dąbrowska M, Safianowska A, Chazan R. CD4+/CD25+ cells in systemic inflammation in COPD. Scand J Immunol 2011; 73:59-65. [PMID: 21129004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02474.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The autoimmune reaction is recently suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). As COPD is a systemic disease, the elements of an autoimmune response in circulatory system is of interest. It has been shown that regulatory T cells are important in the control of autoimmunity. There are some data on a role of adiponectin in the regulation of immune reactions. The objective of this study was to assess the elements of autoimmune reaction in the peripheral blood (PB) of patients with COPD. Twenty-eight patients with mild/moderate COPD and 20 healthy volunteers were investigated. Flow cytometry method with mixtures of monoclonal antibodies anti: CD14/CD45, CD3/CD19, CD4/CD25/CTLA4 and CD8/CD25 were used. Concentration of adiponectin was measured using ELISA method. We observed significantly lower proportion of CD4+/CD25+ as well as CD4+/CD25+ (high) cells in COPD patients than in healthy controls (15.3 versus 17.8% and 0.79 versus 1.54%, respectively, P < 0.05). The proportion of CTLA4+ cells in CD25+ cells and the mean fluorescence of CTLA4 on CD4+ cells were higher in patients than in healthy controls (10.4 versus 4.7%, P < 0.05, 189% versus 149%, non significant, respectively). We found significantly elevated concentration of adiponectin in patients when compared to healthy subjects (15.4 versus 8.5 μl/ml, P < 0.05). We found that the adiponectin/BMI ratio correlated with the decrease of FEV(1) %. The results of this study support the possible role of CD4/CD25/CTLA4 cells and adiponectin in the systemic inflammation in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Domagała-Kulawik
- Department of Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Murine Model of Chronic Respiratory Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 780:125-41. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5632-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
|
22
|
Increased levels of (class switched) memory B cells in peripheral blood of current smokers. Respir Res 2009; 10:108. [PMID: 19909533 PMCID: PMC2779187 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that a specific immune response contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD. B-cell follicles are present in lung tissue and increased anti-elastin titers have been found in plasma of COPD patients. Additionally, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been implicated in its pathogenesis as they control immunological reactions. We hypothesize that the specific immune response in COPD is smoke induced, either by a direct effect of smoking or as a result of smoke-induced lung tissue destruction (i.e. formation of neo-epitopes or auto antigens). Furthermore, we propose that Tregs are involved in the suppression of this smoke-induced specific immune response. The presence of B cells, memory B cells and Tregs was assessed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood of 20 COPD patients and 29 healthy individuals and related to their current smoking status. COPD patients had lower (memory) B-cell percentages and higher Treg percentages in peripheral blood than healthy individuals, with a significant negative correlation between these cells. Interestingly, current smokers had higher percentages of (class-switched) memory B cells than ex-smokers and never smokers, irrespective of COPD. This increase in (class-switched) memory B cells in current smokers is intriguing and suggests that smoke-induced neo-antigens may be constantly induced in the lung. The negative correlation between B cells and Tregs in blood is in line with previously published observations that Tregs can suppress B cells. Future studies focusing on the presence of these (class switched) memory B cells in the lung, their antigen specificity and their interaction with Tregs are necessary to further elucidate the specific B-cell response in COPD.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a treatable and preventable disease state, characterized by progressive airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. It is a current and growing cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with the WHO (World Health Organization) projecting that total deaths attributed to COPD will increase by more than 30% in the next 10 years. The pathological hallmarks of COPD are destruction of the lung parenchyma (pulmonary emphysema), inflammation of the central airways (chronic bronchitis) and inflammation of the peripheral airways (respiratory bronchiolitis). The destructive changes and tissue remodelling observed in COPD are a result of complex interactions between cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. The focus of the present review is directed towards the role of CD8(+) T-lymphocytes, NK (natural killer) cells and NKT cells (NK T-cells). These three classes of killer cell could all play an important part in the pathogenesis of COPD. The observed damage to the pulmonary tissue could be caused in three ways: (i) direct cytotoxic effect against the lung epithelium mediated by the activities of perforin and granzymes, (ii) FasL (Fas ligand)-induced apoptosis and/or (iii) cytokine and chemokine release. The present review considers the role of these killer cells in COPD.
Collapse
|
24
|
Szuster-Ciesielska A, Słotwińska M, Stachura A, Marmurowska-Michałowska H, Dubas-Slemp H, Bojarska-Junak A, Kandefer-Szerszeń M. Accelerated apoptosis of blood leukocytes and oxidative stress in blood of patients with major depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:686-94. [PMID: 18083280 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 11/10/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acceleration of blood leukocyte apoptosis in major depression has been described. The present studies have been undertaken to estimate the level of apoptosis of blood leukocytes in patients with depression and to examine the mechanisms leading to apoptosis. Blood was taken from 29 patients with depression (age 48.2+/-11.2, 14 males, 15 females) and 30 healthy controls (age 41.3+/-4.1, 15 males, 15 females), and apoptosis was estimated by the cytometric method by measurements of annexin V binding, mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi), bcl-2, bax, and Fas (CD95) expression in CD4+, CD8+ and CD14+ cells. The amounts of cytochrome c released from mitochondria to cytosol of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) were also measured. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) released from PMNs were examined as was the serum activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total peroxidase (PER). Additionally, serum levels of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were estimated. Our experiments indicated accelerated apoptosis of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD14+ cells (mainly neutrophils) of depressed patients as well as a significant increase in the percent of Fas-expressing cells. Bcl-2 and bax expression was higher in cells of depressed patients than in control, however, bcl-2/bax ratio was significantly decreased in CD14+ cells of depressed patients. PMNs isolated from the blood of the patients produced more ROS spontaneously and after induction with phorbol ester (PMA) than PMNs of the healthy control. A significant increase in serum activity of SOD, CAT and PER was also detected. Overproduction of superoxide anion correlated positively with the level of PMNs apoptosis (measured by cytochrome c release), suggesting that superoxide anion might be an important factor inducing apoptotic death of blood cells. The result of our experiment indicated that apoptosis of immune cells may affect patient's susceptibility to different infections and application of antioxidants in medication of patients with depression will be beneficial for them. The increased level of IL-6 in sera of the depressed patients did not correlate with overproduction of ROS, suggesting that this cytokine is not involved in oxidative stress and apoptosis of leukocytes.
Collapse
|
25
|
Rabe KF, Beghé B, Luppi F, Fabbri LM. Update in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2006. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 175:1222-32. [PMID: 17545457 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200704-586up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus F Rabe
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|