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Abdo M, Pedersen F, Kirsten AM, Trinkmann F, Groth EE, Bahmer T, Watz H, Rabe KF. Association of airway inflammation and smoking status with IL-33 level in sputum of patients with asthma or COPD. Eur Respir J 2024; 64:2400347. [PMID: 39147409 PMCID: PMC11424925 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00347-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Asthma and COPD are heterogeneous inflammatory airway conditions. Interleukin (IL)-33 is an epithelial pleiotropic cytokine that regulates type 1 and type 2 immune responses [1]. Clinical trials have shown promising efficacy of monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-33 and its ST2 receptor in asthma and COPD [2–4]. So far, little is known about the characterisation of airway inflammation associated with increased IL-33 levels in patients with asthma or COPD. Moreover, previous studies have reported a potential impact of smoking status on IL-33 protein levels [5]. Therefore, we investigated the association of smoking status and airway inflammatory phenotypes with IL-33 levels in patients with asthma or COPD. Such clinical characterisation could provide new insights for selecting patients who might benefit from anti-IL-33 therapy. In patients with COPD, targeting IL-33 might be auspicious in former smokers. However, disease severity should also be considered. In patients with severe asthma, targeting IL-33 might be a potential treatment option, irrespective of T2-status. https://bit.ly/3SFspww
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Abdo
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Frauke Pedersen
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
- Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Anne-Marie Kirsten
- Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Frederik Trinkmann
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Preventive Medicine, and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPD-BW), University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Espen E Groth
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Bahmer
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Department for Internal Medicine I, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Kiel, Germany
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
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2
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Wu CY, Cilic A, Pak O, Dartsch RC, Wilhelm J, Wujak M, Lo K, Brosien M, Zhang R, Alkoudmani I, Witte B, Pedersen F, Watz H, Voswinckel R, Günther A, Ghofrani HA, Brandes RP, Schermuly RT, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Sommer N, Weissmann N, Hadzic S. CEACAM6 as a Novel Therapeutic Target to Boost HO-1-mediated Antioxidant Defense in COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:1576-1590. [PMID: 37219322 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202208-1603oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Tobacco smoking and air pollution are primary causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, only a minority of smokers develop COPD. The mechanisms underlying the defense against nitrosative/oxidative stress in nonsusceptible smokers to COPD remain largely unresolved. Objectives: To investigate the defense mechanisms against nitrosative/oxidative stress that possibly prevent COPD development or progression. Methods: Four cohorts were investigated: 1) sputum samples (healthy, n = 4; COPD, n = 37), 2) lung tissue samples (healthy, n = 13; smokers without COPD, n = 10; smoker+COPD, n = 17), 3) pulmonary lobectomy tissue samples (no/mild emphysema, n = 6), and 4) blood samples (healthy, n = 6; COPD, n = 18). We screened 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels, as indication of nitrosative/oxidative stress, in human samples. We established a novel in vitro model of a cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-resistant cell line and studied 3-NT formation, antioxidant capacity, and transcriptomic profiles. Results were validated in lung tissue, isolated primary cells, and an ex vivo model using adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transduction and human precision-cut lung slices. Measurements and Main Results: 3-NT levels correlate with COPD severity of patients. In CSE-resistant cells, nitrosative/oxidative stress upon CSE treatment was attenuated, paralleled by profound upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We identified carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) as a negative regulator of HO-1-mediated nitrosative/oxidative stress defense in human alveolar type 2 epithelial cells (hAEC2s). Consistently, inhibition of HO-1 activity in hAEC2s increased the susceptibility toward CSE-induced damage. Epithelium-specific CEACAM6 overexpression increased nitrosative/oxidative stress and cell death in human precision-cut lung slices on CSE treatment. Conclusions: CEACAM6 expression determines the hAEC2 sensitivity to nitrosative/oxidative stress triggering emphysema development/progression in susceptible smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Wu
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anis Cilic
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oleg Pak
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ruth Charlotte Dartsch
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Wujak
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kevin Lo
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Monika Brosien
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Alkoudmani
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Biruta Witte
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Frauke Pedersen
- Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, DZL, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, DZL, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Günther
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hossein A Ghofrani
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; and
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hadzic
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Peng X, Li Y, Zhao W, Yang S, Huang J, Chen Y, Wang Y, Gong Z, Chen X, Yu C, Cai S, Zhao H. Blockade of neutrophil extracellular traps ameliorates toluene diisocyanate-induced steroid-resistant asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109719. [PMID: 36827917 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma is characterized by mixed inflammation dominated by neutrophils, and is refractory to steroid treatment. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in severe asthma, but their role in TDI-induced asthma models is unclear. This study focused on the role and mechanism of NETs in steroid-resistant TDI-induced asthma. METHODS Induced sputum was collected from 85 asthmatic patients and 25 healthy controls to detect eDNA. A murine TDI-induced asthma model was prepared, and asthmatic mice were given dexamethasone or DNase I. In vitro, the human bronchial epithelial cell line HBE was stimulated with NETs or TDI-human serum albumin (TDI-HSA). RESULTS Asthma patients had higher sputum eDNA compared to healthy subjects. In asthma patients, eDNA was positively correlated with sputum neutrophils, and negatively correlated with FEV1%predicted. Airway inflammation, airway reactivity, Th2 cytokine levels in lymph supernatant, and levels of NETs were significantly increased in the TDI-induced asthmatic mice. These increases were suppressed by DNase I, but not by dexamethasone. Inhibition of NETs improved interleukin (IL)-8 and MKP1 mRNA expression, and reduced phosphorylation of GR-S226 induced by TDI. Inhibition of NETs improved airway epithelial barrier disruption, as well as p38 and ERK signaling pathways in TDI-induced asthmatic mice. In vitro, NETs promoted the expression of IL-8 mRNA in HBE cells, and reduced the expression of MKP1. IL-8 elevation induced by NETs was suppressed by a p38 inhibitor or ERK inhibitor, but not by dexamethasone. Pretreatment with RAGE inhibitor reduced NETs induced p38/ERK phosphorylation and IL-8 levels in HBE cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that targeting NETs might effectively improved TDI-induced airway inflammation and airway epithelial barrier function. This may potentially be a treatment for patients with steroid-resistance asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianru Peng
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China.
| | - Yuemao Li
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Wenqu Zhao
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Shuluan Yang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Junwen Huang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Zhaoqian Gong
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China.
| | - Changhui Yu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Haijin Zhao
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Abdo M, Pedersen F, Kirsten AM, Veith V, Biller H, Trinkmann F, von Mutius E, Kopp M, Hansen G, Rabe KF, Bahmer T, Watz H. Longitudinal Impact of Sputum Inflammatory Phenotypes on Small Airway Dysfunction and Disease Outcomes in Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1545-1553.e2. [PMID: 35257957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the relationship between airway inflammatory phenotypes and some important asthma features such as small airway dysfunction (SAD). OBJECTIVE To describe the longitudinal impact of airway inflammatory phenotypes on SAD and asthma outcomes. METHODS We measured eosinophil and neutrophil counts in induced sputum at baseline and 1 year later to stratify 197 adult patients with asthma into 4 inflammatory phenotypes. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of lung function using spirometry, body plethysmography, impulse oscillometry, and inert gas single and multiple breath washouts. We compared lung function, asthma severity, exacerbation frequency, and symptom control between the phenotypes. We studied the longitudinal impact of persistent sputum inflammatory phenotypes and the change of sputum cell counts on lung function. RESULTS Patients were stratified into eosinophilic (23%, n = 45), neutrophilic (33%, n = 62), mixed granulocytic (22%, n = 43), and paucigranulocytic (24%, n = 47) phenotypes. Patients with eosinophilic and mixed granulocytic asthma had higher rates of airflow obstruction and severe exacerbation as well as poorer symptom control than patients with paucigranulocytic asthma. All SAD measures were worse in patients with eosinophilic and mixed asthma than in those with paucigranulocytic asthma (all P values <.05). Eosinophilic asthma also indicated worse distal airflow obstruction, increased ventilation inhomogeneity (all P values <.05), and higher tendency for severe exacerbation (P = .07) than neutrophilic asthma. Longitudinally, persistent mixed granulocytic asthma was associated with the worst follow-up measures of SAD compared with persistent neutrophilic, persistent paucigranulocytic, or nonpersistent asthma phenotypes. In patients with stable forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), the mean increase in small airway resistance (R5-20) was greater in patients with persistent mixed granulocytic asthma (+103%) than in patients with persistent neutrophilic (+26%), P = .040, or persistent paucigranulocytic asthma (-41%), P = .028. Multivariate models adjusted for confounders and treatment with inhaled or oral corticosteroids or antieosinophilic biologics indicated that the change of sputum eosinophil rather than neutrophil counts is an independent predictor for the longitudinal change in FEV1, forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of forced vital capacity, specific effective airway resistance, residual lung volume, and lung clearance index. CONCLUSIONS In asthma, airway eosinophilic inflammation is the main driver of lung function impairment and poor disease outcomes, which might also be aggravated by the coexistence of airway neutrophilia to confer a severe mixed granulocytic asthma phenotype. Persistent airway eosinophilia might be associated with dynamic SAD even in patients with stable FEV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Abdo
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany.
| | - Frauke Pedersen
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany; Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Kirsten
- Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Vera Veith
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Heike Biller
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Frederik Trinkmann
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-Württemberg (CPD-BW), University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), and Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Centre, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kopp
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Inselspital, University Children's Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Pediatric Pneumology & Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Luebeck, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Bahmer
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany; Department for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Kiel, Germany
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
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5
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Abdo M, Uddin M, Goldmann T, Marwitz S, Bahmer T, Holz O, Kirsten AM, Trinkmann F, von Mutius E, Kopp M, Hansen G, Rabe KF, Watz H, Pedersen F. Raised sputum extracellular DNA confers lung function impairment and poor symptom control in an exacerbation-susceptible phenotype of neutrophilic asthma. Respir Res 2021; 22:167. [PMID: 34082773 PMCID: PMC8173872 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular DNA (e-DNA) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are linked to asthmatics airway inflammation. However, data demonstrating the characterization of airway inflammation associated with excessive e-DNA production and its impact on asthma outcomes are limited. Objective To characterize the airway inflammation associated with excessive e-DNA production and its association with asthma control, severe exacerbations and pulmonary function, particularly, air trapping and small airway dysfunction. Methods We measured e-DNA concentrations in induced sputum from 134 asthma patients and 28 healthy controls. We studied the correlation of e-DNA concentrations with sputum neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages and the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Lung function was evaluated using spirometry, body plethysmography, impulse oscillometry and inert gas multiple breath washout. We stratified patients with asthma into low-DNA and high-DNA to compare lung function impairments and asthma outcomes. Results Patients with severe asthma had higher e-DNA concentration (54.2 ± 42.4 ng/µl) than patients with mild-moderate asthma (41.0 ± 44.1 ng/µl) or healthy controls (26.1 ± 16.5 ng/µl), (all p values < 0.05). E-DNA concentrations correlated directly with sputum neutrophils (R = 0.49, p < 0.0001) and negatively with sputum macrophages (R = − 0.36, p < 0.0001), but neither with sputum eosinophils (R = 0.10, p = 0.26), nor with FeNO (R = − 0.10, p = 0.22). We found that 29% of asthma patients (n = 39) had high e-DNA concentrations above the upper 95th percentile value in healthy controls (55.6 ng /μl). High-DNA was associated with broad lung function impairments including: airflow obstruction of the large (FEV1) and small airways (FEF50%, FEF25–75), increased air trapping (RV, RV/TLC), increased small airway resistance (R5-20, sReff), decreased lung elasticity (X5Hz) and increased ventilation heterogeneity (LCI), (all P values < 0.05). We also found that high e-DNA was associated with nearly three-fold greater risk of severe exacerbations (OR 2·93 [95% CI 1.2–7.5]; p = 0·012), worse asthma control test (p = 0.03), worse asthma control questionnaire scores (p = 0.01) and higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids (p = 0.026). Conclusion Increased production of extracellular DNA in the airway characterizes a subset of neutrophilic asthma patients who have broad lung function impairments, poor symptom control and increased risk of severe exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Abdo
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Mohib Uddin
- Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Marwitz
- Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Thomas Bahmer
- Department for Internal Medicine I, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf Holz
- Fraunhofer ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Kirsten
- Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Frederik Trinkmann
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Heinrich-Lanz-Center, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr Von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kopp
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Inselspital, University Children's Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein-Campus Luebeck, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Frauke Pedersen
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany. .,Pulmonary Research Institute at the LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany.
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6
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Groth EE, Weber M, Bahmer T, Pedersen F, Kirsten A, Börnigen D, Rabe KF, Watz H, Ammerpohl O, Goldmann T. Exploration of the sputum methylome and omics deconvolution by quadratic programming in molecular profiling of asthma and COPD: the road to sputum omics 2.0. Respir Res 2020; 21:274. [PMID: 33076907 PMCID: PMC7574293 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, most studies involving high-throughput analyses of sputum in asthma and COPD have focused on identifying transcriptomic signatures of disease. No whole-genome methylation analysis of sputum cells has been performed yet. In this context, the highly variable cellular composition of sputum has potential to confound the molecular analyses. METHODS Whole-genome transcription (Agilent Human 4 × 44 k array) and methylation (Illumina 450 k BeadChip) analyses were performed on sputum samples of 9 asthmatics, 10 healthy and 10 COPD subjects. RNA integrity was checked by capillary electrophoresis and used to correct in silico for bias conferred by RNA degradation during biobank sample storage. Estimates of cell type-specific molecular profiles were derived via regression by quadratic programming based on sputum differential cell counts. All analyses were conducted using the open-source R/Bioconductor software framework. RESULTS A linear regression step was found to perform well in removing RNA degradation-related bias among the main principal components of the gene expression data, increasing the number of genes detectable as differentially expressed in asthma and COPD sputa (compared to controls). We observed a strong influence of the cellular composition on the results of mixed-cell sputum analyses. Exemplarily, upregulated genes derived from mixed-cell data in asthma were dominated by genes predominantly expressed in eosinophils after deconvolution. The deconvolution, however, allowed to perform differential expression and methylation analyses on the level of individual cell types and, though we only analyzed a limited number of biological replicates, was found to provide good estimates compared to previously published data about gene expression in lung eosinophils in asthma. Analysis of the sputum methylome indicated presence of differential methylation in genomic regions of interest, e.g. mapping to a number of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes related to both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules in asthma and COPD macrophages. Furthermore, we found the SMAD3 (SMAD family member 3) gene, among others, to lie within differentially methylated regions which has been previously reported in the context of asthma. CONCLUSIONS In this methodology-oriented study, we show that methylation profiling can be easily integrated into sputum analysis workflows and exhibits a strong potential to contribute to the profiling and understanding of pulmonary inflammation. Wherever RNA degradation is of concern, in silico correction can be effective in improving both sensitivity and specificity of downstream analyses. We suggest that deconvolution methods should be integrated in sputum omics analysis workflows whenever possible in order to facilitate the unbiased discovery and interpretation of molecular patterns of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen E Groth
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Großhansdorf, Germany. .,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine I, Pneumology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. .,Department of Oncology, Hematology and BMT with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Melanie Weber
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Thomas Bahmer
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Großhansdorf, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Pneumology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frauke Pedersen
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Großhansdorf, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany.,Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Anne Kirsten
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany.,Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Daniela Börnigen
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Großhansdorf, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Henrik Watz
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany.,Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Ole Ammerpohl
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Großhansdorf, Germany.,Research Center Borstel, Pathology, Borstel, Germany
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7
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Safety and efficacy of the human neutrophil elastase inhibitor BAY 85-8501 for the treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: A randomized controlled trial. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019; 56:86-93. [PMID: 30917927 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are only limited treatment options for patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (non-CF BE). Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a mediator of tissue destruction in non-CF BE. BAY 85-8501, a selective and reversible HNE inhibitor, could represent a new treatment option for this disease. METHODS This was a phase 2a, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study. The primary objective was to assess the safety and tolerability of 1 mg BAY 85-8501 once daily (OD) for 28 days compared with placebo in patients with non-CF BE. Secondary objectives were to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of treatment with BAY 85-8501 on health-related quality of life, pulmonary function, and inflammatory and tissue damage biomarkers in sputum, blood and/or urine, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of BAY 85-8501. RESULTS Overall, 94 patients (mean age, 66 years; 53% male) were randomized (n = 47 per group), and 82 completed the study (BAY 85-8501, n = 37; placebo, n = 45). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 31 patients (66%) taking BAY 85-8501 and in 36 patients (77%) taking placebo, and were mostly mild or moderate. The serious TEAEs (BAY 85-8501, n = 3; placebo, n = 1) were not considered to be study-drug related. There were no changes in pulmonary function parameters from baseline to end of treatment, and health-related quality of life did not improve in any group. HNE activity in blood after zymosan challenge decreased significantly with BAY 85-8501 treatment (P = 0.0250 versus placebo). There were no significant differences in other biomarkers between treatment groups, with the exception of a small increase in interleukin-8 levels in sputum in the BAY 85-8501 group. Trough plasma concentrations of BAY 85-8501 plateaued after 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS 1 mg BAY 85-8501 OD had a favourable safety and tolerability profile when administered for 28 days to patients with non-CF BE. Further studies with a longer treatment duration are needed to evaluate the potential clinical efficacy in this study population.
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8
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Watz H, Uddin M, Pedersen F, Kirsten A, Goldmann T, Stellmacher F, Groth E, Larsson B, Böttcher G, Malmgren A, Kraan M, Rabe KF. Effects of the CXCR2 antagonist AZD5069 on lung neutrophil recruitment in asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:121-123. [PMID: 28549850 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
| | - Mohib Uddin
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Frauke Pedersen
- Pulmonary Research Institute at Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany; Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Anne Kirsten
- Pulmonary Research Institute at Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Pathology of the University Luebeck and the Research Center Borstel, Site Borstel, Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Borstel, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Florian Stellmacher
- Pathology of the University Luebeck and the Research Center Borstel, Site Borstel, Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Borstel, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Espen Groth
- Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany; Pathology of the University Luebeck and the Research Center Borstel, Site Borstel, Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Borstel, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Bengt Larsson
- Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Gothenburg, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Böttcher
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Gothenburg, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Anna Malmgren
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Maarten Kraan
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
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9
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Neutrophil extracellular trap formation and extracellular DNA in sputum of stable COPD patients. Respir Med 2015; 109:1360-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Pedersen F, Holz O, Lauer G, Quintini G, Kiwull-Schöne H, Kirsten AM, Magnussen H, Rabe KF, Goldmann T, Watz H. Multi-analyte profiling of inflammatory mediators in COPD sputum – The effects of processing. Cytokine 2015; 71:401-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Pedersen F, Holz O, Kanniess F, Zielen S, Schulze J, Gillissen A, von Berg A, Berdel D, Beier J, Beeh K, Schnoor M, Magnussen H. Longitudinal measurement of airway inflammation over one year in children and adults with intermittent asthma. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:925. [PMID: 25515668 PMCID: PMC4301900 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways, but in clinical practice inflammation is rarely monitored. The aim of this study was to assess the level of airway inflammation in steroid naïve adult and pediatric patients with intermittent asthma over one year. METHODS 54 children and 50 adults with intermittent asthma (GINA step 1) were included. On up to 6 visits lung function, airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (PC20FEV1), sputum eosinophils and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were assessed. RESULTS 36 pediatric and 34 adult patients were able to produce at least three adequate sputum samples over the study period and were included into the analysis.In 8 children (22%) the percentage of sputum eosinophils was always below 2.5%. A higher level of eosinophils (>2.5%) was found on at least one visit in 16 (44%) and always >2.5% in 12 children (33%). In the adult group the respective numbers were 14 patients (41%) with always low (<2.5%), 17 (50%) with at least once over 2.5% and three patients (9%) were always above the threshold of 2.5% sputum eosinophils. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that a substantial number of children and adults with intermittent asthma under ß-agonist treatment only, have variable or persistently high levels of eosinophilic airway inflammation. Long-term studies are needed to observe the progression of asthma severity in such patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Pedersen
- />LungClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, Wöhrendamm 80, 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
- />Pulmonary Research Institute at LungClinic Grosshansdorf, Wöhrendamm 80, 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Olaf Holz
- />Fraunhofer ITEM, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 15, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Kanniess
- />Pulmonary Research Institute at LungClinic Grosshansdorf, Wöhrendamm 80, 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
- />Practice for Allergy and Family Medicine, Raiffeisenpassage 15, 23858 Reinfeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielen
- />University Hospital Frankfurt, Center for children and adolescents, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Schulze
- />University Hospital Frankfurt, Center for children and adolescents, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Adrian Gillissen
- />Robert Koch Klinik, Pneumologie Zentrum, Nikolai-Rumjanzew-Str. 100, 04207 Leipzig, Germany
- />Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Kassel, Mönchebergstr. 41-43, 34125 Kassel, Germany
| | - Andrea von Berg
- />Marienhospital Wesel, Klinik für Kinder und Jugendmedizin, Pastor-Janssen-Str. 8-38, 46483 Wesel, Germany
| | - Dietrich Berdel
- />Marienhospital Wesel, Klinik für Kinder und Jugendmedizin, Pastor-Janssen-Str. 8-38, 46483 Wesel, Germany
| | - Jutta Beier
- />insaf - Respiratory Research Institute GmbH, Biebricher Allee 34, 65187 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Kai Beeh
- />insaf - Respiratory Research Institute GmbH, Biebricher Allee 34, 65187 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Maike Schnoor
- />Department of Social Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, house 50, 23552 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Helgo Magnussen
- />Pulmonary Research Institute at LungClinic Grosshansdorf, Wöhrendamm 80, 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
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12
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The tissue is the issue: improved methylome analysis from paraffin-embedded tissues by application of the HOPE technique. J Transl Med 2014; 94:927-33. [PMID: 24933424 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the DNA methylome are characteristic for numerous diseases and a typical hallmark of cancer. Therefore, DNA methylation is currently under investigation in research labs and has also entered diagnostics. Recently, protocols like the BeadChip technology have become commercially available to study DNA methylation in an array format and semiquantitative fashion. However, it is known that fixation of the sample material with formalin prior to BeadChip analysis can affect the results. In this study we compared the influence of fixation on the outcome of BeadChip analysis. From six patients each a lung cancer tissue sample and a corresponding tumor-free lung tissue sample were collected. The samples were separated into three pieces. One piece of each sample was fixed with formalin, another one by the non-cross-linking HOPE technique (Hepes-glutamic acid buffer mediated Organic solvent Protection Effect). Subsequently, both became paraffin embedded. As a reference, the remaining third piece was cryopreserved. In addition we used three adenocarcinoma cell lines (H838, A549, and H1650) to validate the results from patient tissues. We show that using the HOPE technique instead of formalin largely prevents the introduction of formalin-fixation related artifacts. An ANOVA analysis significantly separated HOPE- and cryopreserved from formalin-fixed samples (FDR<0.05), while differences in the methylation data obtained from HOPE-fixed and cryopreserved material were minor. Consequently, HOPE fixation is superior to formalin fixation if a subsequent BeadChip analysis of paraffin-embedded sample material is intended.
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13
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Shevchuk O, Abidi N, Klawonn F, Wissing J, Nimtz M, Kugler C, Steinert M, Goldmann T, Jänsch L. HOPE-fixation of lung tissue allows retrospective proteome and phosphoproteome studies. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5230-9. [PMID: 24702127 DOI: 10.1021/pr500096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepes-glutamic acid buffer-mediated organic solvent protection effect (HOPE)-fixation has been introduced as an alternative to formalin fixation of clinical samples. Beyond preservation of morphological structures for histology, HOPE-fixation was demonstrated to be compatible with recent methods for RNA and DNA sequencing. However, the suitability of HOPE-fixed materials for the inspection of proteomes by mass spectrometry so far remained undefined. This is of particular interest, since proteins constitute a prime resource for drug research and can give valuable insights into the activity status of signaling pathways. In this study, we extracted proteins from human lung tissue and tested HOPE-treated and snap-frozen tissues comparatively by proteome and phosphoproteome analyses. High confident data from accurate mass spectrometry allowed the identification of 2603 proteins and 3036 phosphorylation sites. HOPE-fixation did not hinder the representative extraction of proteins, and investigating their biochemical properties, covered subcellular localizations, and cellular processes revealed no bias caused by the type of fixation. In conclusion, proteome as well as phosphoproteome data of HOPE lung samples were qualitatively equivalent to results obtained from snap-frozen tissues. Thus, HOPE-treated tissues match clinical demands in both histology and retrospective proteome analyses of patient samples by proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Shevchuk
- Research Group Cellular Proteomics, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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