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Johannesen G, Damlund ARS, Grundtvig Vinter S, Spuur HS, Sarkez-Knudsen M, Thomsen TG. First Step to empowering change: enhancing self-efficacy, energy management, and physical activity in patients with sleep apnea. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 5:1359371. [PMID: 39071773 PMCID: PMC11272648 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1359371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Fatigue often leads to a sedentary lifestyle, negatively impacting health, mortality, and quality of life. Engaging in physical activity can be challenging for individuals experiencing fatigue, particularly those with sleep apnea. This study's objective was to assess the "First Step" concepts' usability in constructing and implementing different interventions through qualitative data. The intervention targets patients with sleep apnea, focusing on individualized energy distribution and meaningful engagement in physical activity. Methods Two programs were developed based on the First Step concept, a rehabilitation program and a patient education program. Initially, 13 patients were recruited, split between the groups, with two dropping out. Primarily evaluated through qualitative data, patients in both groups attended group interviews. For one of the programs supplementary quantitative data were collected through the 6-min walk test (6MWT), Sit-to-Stand test, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Patients in the rehabilitation program also monitored daily step counts using activity trackers. Results Patients found the energy management education enlightening, enabling them to make conscious changes in their daily lives. They reported the program's positive reception, with social interaction playing a crucial role in its success. Of the six patients who completed the rehabilitation program, significant improvements in 6MWT scores were observed, indicating enhanced walking endurance. While no changes were seen in the Sit-to-Stand test, COPM results showed notable improvements in performance and satisfaction with chosen activities. Discussion The incorporation of the First Step concept empowered patients with sleep apnea to manage fatigue, conserve energy, engage in meaningful activities, and improve their wellbeing. Merging occupational therapy and physiotherapy interventions effectively addressed daily challenges while promoting physical activity. Adaptations to the program, guided by patient feedback, suggest a preference for longer, more personalized sessions. This approach offers a promising pathway to improving quality of life for individuals with chronic conditions. Conclusion Our study highlights the usability of the First Step concept, integrating occupational therapy and physiotherapy, to address challenges in individuals with sleep apnea. The tailored, multidisciplinary intervention prioritizes meaningful activities, focuses on energy distribution and physical exercise, yielding improved satisfaction and performance. Further research is warranted to enhance this salutogenic approach for chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Johannesen
- Department of Occupational and Physiotherapy, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | | | - Sofie Grundtvig Vinter
- Department of Occupational and Physiotherapy, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Helle Skadborg Spuur
- Department of Occupational and Physiotherapy, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | | | - Thora Grothe Thomsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Longlalerng K, Watanasiripakdee S, Jeenduang N, Habuddha V, Piya-amornphan N, Damchuai T. Home-Based Aerobic Interval Training Combined with Resistance Training Improved Daytime Dysfunction in Adults with Obesity and Sleep-Disordered Breathing. Sleep Sci 2024; 17:e117-e124. [PMID: 38846585 PMCID: PMC11152638 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction There have been many barriers to exercising at a gym due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. Home-based aerobic interval training (AIT) combined with resistance training (RT) may be helpful for obese adults with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) to overcome those barriers and improve their subjective sleep disorders. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the effects of home-based AIT combined with RT on subjective sleep disorders in obese adults with SDB. Material and Methods This study has a one-group pretest-posttest design. Twenty-one adults with obesity and SDB were assigned to perform 8 weeks of AIT combined with RT. Subjective sleep disorder variables including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Berlin Questionnaire, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were defined as primary outcomes. Anthropometric variables, physical fitness components, and blood biomarkers were assigned as secondary outcomes. All outcome measurements were examined at baseline and after 8 weeks of training. Results Daytime dysfunction of PSQI was significantly improved after 8 weeks of the exercise program ( p < 0.05). Upper and lower chest expansion and estimated maximum oxygen consumption were significantly increased after 8 weeks of the exercise program (all p < 0.05). None of the blood biomarkers changed after 8 weeks of training. Conclusion This study suggests that home-based AIT combined with RT effectively alleviates daytime dysfunction and seems to be more helpful in improving global PSQI in adults with obesity. Future studies with a larger sample size, under a controlled trial are recommended to prove the benefits of the exercise program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khomkrip Longlalerng
- Department of Physical Therapy, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Movement Science and Exercise Research Center-Walailak University (MoveSE-WU), Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Siripan Watanasiripakdee
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Nutjaree Jeenduang
- Medical Technology, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Valainipha Habuddha
- Department of Physical Therapy, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Movement Science and Exercise Research Center-Walailak University (MoveSE-WU), Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Nitita Piya-amornphan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Movement Science and Exercise Research Center-Walailak University (MoveSE-WU), Walailak University, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Tipwamol Damchuai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Chen JH, Chen JY, Wang YC. The effects of exercise programs on sleep architecture in obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:293-301. [PMID: 38365534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exercise is an effective intervention for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the effects of exercise on objective sleep architecture in patients with OSA remain unknown. This meta-analysis aimed to collect data from randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions in patients with OSA, with a specific focus on objective sleep parameters derived from polysomnography. METHODS Randomized control trials that targeted patients with OSA aged >18 years, measured sleep using polysomnography after exercise programs, and reported the proportion of sleep stages were included for meta-analysis. Bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and funnel plots. The random effects model was applied. RESULTS Six studies with a total of 236 patients were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant differences in the total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, stage N1 sleep, or rapid eye movement sleep between the exercise and control groups. Participation in an exercise program lasting >12 weeks significantly decreased stage N2 and increased stage N3 sleep as observed in the subgroup analysis. Although this tendency did not reach statistical significance in the total-group analysis, it was significant after excluding the possible confounding effects of heart disease. CONCLUSIONS The exercise program decreased N2 and increased N3 proportions over the TST among patients with OSA, which may correspond to subjective sleep quality. The beneficial effects were significant when the program lasted >12 weeks and after excluding the confounding effects of heart disease. Exercise program duration should be considered when providing clinical advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan; National Taiwan Sport University, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yi Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Taiwan.
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Alessandri-Bonetti A, Lobbezoo F, Mangino G, Aarab G, Gallenzi P. Obstructive sleep apnea treatment improves temporomandibular disorder pain. Sleep Breath 2024; 28:203-209. [PMID: 37491568 PMCID: PMC10954861 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The existence of a bidirectional relationship between poor sleep and pain intensity has been studied, and good sleep quality has been found to be a key factor underlying pain control. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to observe if OSA treatment provides a reduction in temporo-mandibular disorder (TMD) pain and headache attributed to TMD in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after 18 months of OSA treatment. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted on consecutive patients suffering from OSA. Patients underwent polysomnography and TMD examination according to the DC/TMD protocol at baseline and after 18 months. Intensity of TMD pain and headache attributed to TMD were analyzed. RESULTS Of 40 patients (31 men, mean age 51.3 ± 10.3 years), 33 underwent OSA treatment. At the follow-up examination after 18 months, significant improvements in the intensity of pain-related TMD and headache attributed to TMD were observed (p < 0.05). Seven patients did not start treatment for OSA or discontinued treatment. These patients did not show any significant difference in intensity of TMD-pain or headache attributed to TMD after 18 months (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Significant reductions in intensity of pain-related TMD and headache attributed to TMD were observed in patients with OSA after 18 months of OSA treatment onset, while no difference was observed in subjects not undergoing or discontinuing OSA treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov database with number NCT04948541.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alessandri-Bonetti
- Department of Dental Clinic and Maxillofacial Surgery, A. Gemelli University Policlinic IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Oral Health Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Department of Orofacial pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gilda Mangino
- Department of Dental Clinic and Maxillofacial Surgery, A. Gemelli University Policlinic IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Ghizlane Aarab
- Department of Orofacial pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrizia Gallenzi
- Department of Dental Clinic and Maxillofacial Surgery, A. Gemelli University Policlinic IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Agostino Gemelli 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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Fank F, Artismo RS, de Santana MG, Esteves AM, Matte DL, Mazo GZ. Effects of combined exercise training with sleep education in older adults with obstructive sleep apnea: protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1322545. [PMID: 38425564 PMCID: PMC10902716 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1322545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder that affects approximately 1 billion people worldwide. Advanced age is a significant risk factor. Various treatment options have been explored to reduce the severity of OSA symptoms and physical exercise has emerged as a potential alternative therapy. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of a combined exercise program with sleep education on sleep quality and on the severity of OSA in older adults. Methods This is a randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups that will involve individuals of both genders aged between 60 and 79 years who have an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of more than 15 events per hour and who have not received or are currently undergoing treatment for OSA. Older adults who have engaged in regular exercise in the last six months and individuals with contraindications to exercise will be excluded. The study will assess outcomes related to OSA, including AHI, oxygen desaturation index, minimum and mean oxyhemoglobin saturation, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, and the type of respiratory events. Additionally, sleep quality-related outcomes, daytime sleepiness, physical activity, physical fitness, aerobic capacity, cognitive status, anthropometric measures, and health-related quality of life will be analyzed. Participants will be randomized to two groups: a combined exercise group (involving both resistance and aerobic training) with sleep education, and a control group that will receive only educational recommendations for managing OSA. The intervention will last 12 weeks and will consist of three sessions per week, totaling 36 exercise sessions. Sample size calculation indicates a minimum number of 36 participants. Discussion If the hypothesis is confirmed, this clinical trial will indicate an effective non-pharmacological intervention for treating OSA in older adults. This intervention could be used as an adjunct to existing approaches designed to improve OSA management. Clinical trail registration Brazil Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC), identifier RBR-9hk6pgz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Fank
- Laboratory of Gerontology, Health and Sports Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Regiana Santos Artismo
- Teaching, Research and Extension Center in Physiotherapy in the Pre- and Post-Operation of Major Surgeries, Health and Sports Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Maculano Esteves
- Laboratory of Sleep and Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Darlan Laurício Matte
- Teaching, Research and Extension Center in Physiotherapy in the Pre- and Post-Operation of Major Surgeries, Health and Sports Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Giovana Zarpellon Mazo
- Laboratory of Gerontology, Health and Sports Sciences Center, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Huang Z, Huang D, Liu F, Liang J, Zhao Z, Lu H, Xu Y, Qiu Y, Li S. Modified oropharyngeal muscle training and scientific vocalization are effective in treating mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome in adults. Acta Otolaryngol 2023; 143:989-995. [PMID: 38164829 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2023.2288283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive Sleep Apnea-hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) has become a major public health challenge globally. Most patients have a concomitant voice disorder. The existing treatment methods have problems.Aims/Objectives: This study investigates the therapeutic effect of adding scientific vocalization to oropharyngeal muscle training on OSAHS patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 30 patients were selected from September 2020 to October 2022. They underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) and were identified as having mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome. They were then chosen for a three-month period of modified oropharyngeal muscle training combined with scientific vocalization. RESULTS Out of the 30 selected patients, 26 patients completed the training. Results showed a significant changes in multiple sleep-related indicators. he clinical outcomes were as follows: 7 cases were cured, 13 cases were effective, and 6 cases were ineffective. The overall effective rate was 76.92%. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE The combination of oropharyngeal muscle training and scientific vocalization for the treatment of mild to moderate OSAHS in adults significantly improves several measures used in the treatment of the condition. The method is easy to learn, effective, safe to use, and affordable. It provides more options for the treatment of OSAHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuofeng Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital) Nanshan District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danlin Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital) Nanshan District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital) Nanshan District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junyi Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital) Nanshan District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital) Nanshan District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital) Nanshan District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital) Nanshan District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingwei Qiu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital) Nanshan District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital) Nanshan District of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Hnatiak J, Zikmund Galkova L, Winnige P, Batalik L, Dosbaba F, Ludka O, Krejci J. Obstructive Sleep Apnea and a Comprehensive Remotely Supervised Rehabilitation Program: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e47460. [PMID: 37721786 PMCID: PMC10546260 DOI: 10.2196/47460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent, intermittent partial or complete obstruction of the upper respiratory tract during sleep, which negatively affects the patient's daily quality of life (QoL). Middle-aged and older men who smoke and have obesity are most at risk. Even though the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during sleep remains the gold standard treatment, various rehabilitation methods, such as exercise, respiratory therapy, myofunctional therapy, and nutritional lifestyle interventions, also appear to be effective. Moreover, it is increasingly recommended to use alternative or additional therapy options in combination with CPAP therapy. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate if a comprehensive home-based, remotely supervised rehabilitation program (tele-RHB), in combination with standard therapy, can improve OSA severity by decreasing the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI); improve objective parameters of polysomnographic, spirometric, anthropometric, and body composition examinations; improve lipid profile, maximal mouth pressure, and functional capacity tests; and enhance the subjective perception of QoL, as well as daytime sleepiness in male participants with moderate to severe OSA. Our hypothesis is that a combination of the tele-RHB program and CPAP therapy will be more effective by improving OSA severity and the abovementioned parameters. METHODS This randomized controlled trial aims to recruit 50 male participants between the ages of 30 and 60 years with newly diagnosed moderate to severe OSA. Participants will be randomized 1:1, either to a 12-week tele-RHB program along with CPAP therapy or to CPAP therapy alone. After the completion of the intervention, the participants will be invited to complete a 1-year follow-up. The primary outcomes will be the polysomnographic value of AHI, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) score, percentage of body fat, 6-minute walk test distance covered, as well as maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressure values. Secondary outcomes will include polysomnographic values of oxygen desaturation index, supine AHI, total sleep time, average heart rate, mean oxygen saturation, and the percentage of time with oxygen saturation below 90%; anthropometric measurements of neck, waist, and hip circumference; BMI values; forced vital capacity; forced expiratory volume in 1 second; World Health Organization's tool to measure QoL (WHOQOL-BREF) score; and lipid profile values. RESULTS Study recruitment began on October 25, 2021, and the estimated study completion date is December 2024. Analyses will be performed to examine whether the combination of the tele-RHB program and CPAP therapy will be more effective in the reduction of OSA severity and improvement of QoL, body composition and circumferences, exercise tolerance, lipid profile, as well as respiratory muscle and lung function, compared to CPAP therapy alone. CONCLUSIONS The study will evaluate the effect of a comprehensive tele-RHB program on selected parameters mentioned above in male participants. The results of this intervention could help the further development of novel additional therapeutic home-based options for OSA. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04759456; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04759456. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/47460.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hnatiak
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- First Department of Internal Medicine - Cardioangiology, St Anne´s University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lujza Zikmund Galkova
- First Department of Internal Medicine - Cardioangiology, St Anne´s University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Cardiovascular Sleep Center of the First Department of Internal Medicine - Cardioangiology, St Anne´s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Winnige
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Batalik
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Dosbaba
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Ludka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Practical Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejci
- First Department of Internal Medicine - Cardioangiology, St Anne´s University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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You Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Yu Y, Cao Q. Mitigation role of physical exercise participation in the relationship between blood cadmium and sleep disturbance: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1465. [PMID: 37525176 PMCID: PMC10391747 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotoxicity of heavy metals received increasingly attention in recent years. Sleeping is regulated and coordinated by nervous system, however, the health hazard of heavy metal like cadmium (Cd) exposure on sleep health remained unknown. Rescue strategies like physical exercise (PE) has emerged to mitigate such influence. An epidemiological design with cross-sectional data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010 was applied. The relationship between three blood heavy metals [cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg)] and sleep disturbance was analyzed. A total of 8,751 participants were finally included in and the weighted participants were 330,239,463. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression indicated that mixed blood metals were positively related to risk of sleep disturbance and the mixture effect of exposure to heavy metals was mainly attributable to Cd (89.1%). Weighted logistic regression showed a significant positive association between the highest quartile of blood Cd and sleep disturbance [(OR (95% CI)): 1.191 (1.014,1.400), p = 0.036] in the fully adjusted model, while no association was found under Pb and Hg exposure. In the association between Q3 and Q4 level of blood Cd and sleep disturbance, moderate-to-vigorous physical exercise group had lower risks than none and low exercise group. In the restricted cubic spline model, it was also verified that higher PE participation was associated with the lowest incidence of sleep disturbance with the increment in Cd concentration. Our study suggested that both policy makers and the public should minimize heavy metal exposure. Moreover, conducting moderate to vigorous physical exercise is a protecting factor to mitigate Cd's influence on sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei You
- Division of Sports Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuquan Chen
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yangchang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100169, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Undergraduate Department, Taishan University, Taian, 250111, China
| | - Yaohui Yu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Earth Sciences, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
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Atef H, Gaber M. Would the Actigraph Always be Sufficient for Sleep Analysis in Exercise-Based Studies? A Case Report of Negative Response of Sleep to Exercise. Sleep Sci 2023; 16:265-270. [PMID: 37425977 PMCID: PMC10325867 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep deprivation is common after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). It is mostly managed well by exercise. The number of reported post-CABG cases that respond negatively to exercise is scanty. The etiology is usually associated with the underlying sleep pathology, and how it responds to exercise. Cases with undiagnosed central sleep apnea post CABG have not been reported before. Case description A medically stable male patient, 63 years old, hypertensive, but not diabetic, had entered coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) 8 weeks before attending the outpatient cardiac rehabilitation unit and was referred for a cardiac rehabilitation program at this time. He entered a study in the cardiac rehabilitation center utilizing either aerobic or combined aerobic and resistance training for 10 weeks to improve sleep architecture and functional capacity post-CABG. After randomization, he entered the group doing combined aerobic and resistance exercises. All of the patients in this group improved except him, his sleep quality worsened, but his functional capacity improved. After a complete analysis of sleep on polysomnography, it was revealed that the patient had central sleep apnea that was mostly worsened by resistance training. The patient was withdrawn from the study by the 8th week, and his sleep condition improved gradually. After then, he was asked to attend the cardiac rehabilitation center again to share in aerobic exercise, having evidence that central sleep apnea does not respond negatively to this form of training. After 12 months of follow-up, the patient still shows no signs of sleep deprivation. Conclusion Sleep deprivation is prevalent in post-CABG patients, but with different presentations and it can generally improve by exercise. Identification of the underlying cause of the sleeping difficulty is a cornerstone of targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hady Atef
- School of Allied Health Professions (SAHP), Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Gaber
- Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Amiri S. Exercise training and depression and anxiety in musculoskeletal pain patients: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2023; 37:88-100. [PMID: 36125624 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-022-00431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety in patients with musculoskeletal pain harm health and exercise can be effective in improving the condition of these patients. This study was aimed at systematically reviewing and providing a meta-analysis of the effect of exercise training on improving depression and anxiety in patients with musculoskeletal pain. METHODS The search was done in three databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to August 2021. For each of the studies included in the meta-analysis, the mean, standard deviation, and sample size were extracted in the post-test, and the effect size was calculated. Publication bias and heterogeneity were assessed in studies at the end of the analysis. RESULTS Nineteen randomized control trials were included in the meta-analysis. Exercise training has a positive effect on depression in patients with musculoskeletal pain, so exercise reduces depression and Hedges' g was equal to -0.21, with confidence intervals of -0.40, -0.02. Exercise training has a positive effect on anxiety in patients with musculoskeletal pain, so exercise reduces anxiety and Hedges' g was equal to -0.63, with confidence intervals of -1.08, -0.19. CONCLUSIONS It was found that exercise training is effective in improving depression and anxiety in patients with musculoskeletal pain and therefore this treatment should be given more attention from clinical specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Lv R, Liu X, Zhang Y, Dong N, Wang X, He Y, Yue H, Yin Q. Pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:218. [PMID: 37230968 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common breathing disorder in sleep in which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep, causing obstructive sleep apnea. The prevalence of OSAS continues to rise worldwide, particularly in middle-aged and elderly individuals. The mechanism of upper airway collapse is incompletely understood but is associated with several factors, including obesity, craniofacial changes, altered muscle function in the upper airway, pharyngeal neuropathy, and fluid shifts to the neck. The main characteristics of OSAS are recurrent pauses in respiration, which lead to intermittent hypoxia (IH) and hypercapnia, accompanied by blood oxygen desaturation and arousal during sleep, which sharply increases the risk of several diseases. This paper first briefly describes the epidemiology, incidence, and pathophysiological mechanisms of OSAS. Next, the alterations in relevant signaling pathways induced by IH are systematically reviewed and discussed. For example, IH can induce gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis, impair the intestinal barrier, and alter intestinal metabolites. These mechanisms ultimately lead to secondary oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and sympathetic activation. We then summarize the effects of IH on disease pathogenesis, including cardiocerebrovascular disorders, neurological disorders, metabolic diseases, cancer, reproductive disorders, and COVID-19. Finally, different therapeutic strategies for OSAS caused by different causes are proposed. Multidisciplinary approaches and shared decision-making are necessary for the successful treatment of OSAS in the future, but more randomized controlled trials are needed for further evaluation to define what treatments are best for specific OSAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Lv
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, the 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Na Dong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yao He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongmei Yue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Qingqing Yin
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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12
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Rokou A, Eleftheriou A, Tsigalou C, Apessos I, Nena E, Dalamaga M, Voulgaris A, Steiropoulos P. Effect of the Implementation of a Structured Diet Management Plan on the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:26-38. [PMID: 36435894 PMCID: PMC9974698 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasing worldwide, in line with the increase in obesity prevalence. Taken into consideration the low compliance rates to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment, and since obesity is a risk factor for OSA, these patients should receive additional counseling for weight loss through a diet plan. The aim of this review is to examine the role of a structured diet management plan on OSA severity, nocturnal oxygen indices, and subjective sleep parameters. RECENT FINDINGS Τhis systematic review of the literature resulted in four studies and demonstrated that severity of OSA, assessed by the apnea-hypopnea index, is reduced by a dietary management plan when delivered through an educational program. Moreover, nocturnal oxygenation is improved, as well as subjective sleep parameters, when initiating a diet on top of CPAP use. In summary, the present systematic review reports on the beneficial effects of a structured diet management plan in patients with OSA. Although CPAP remains the gold standard of OSA treatment, a specific dietary plan should be sought when managing patients with OSA. Nevertheless, still the evidence is low, and further research on this field is needed to reduce the burden of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Rokou
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Anna Eleftheriou
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioulianos Apessos
- MSc Program in Sleep Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Evangelia Nena
- Laboratory of Social Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Voulgaris
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
- MSc Program in Sleep Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Paschalis Steiropoulos
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
- MSc Program in Sleep Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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13
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Lee LA, Chuang HH, Hsieh HS, Wang CY, Chuang LP, Li HY, Fang TJ, Huang YS, Lee GS, Yang AC, Kuo TBJ, Yang CCH. Using sleep heart rate variability to investigate the sleep quality in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1103085. [PMID: 36923030 PMCID: PMC10008856 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1103085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with impaired sleep quality and autonomic dysfunction. Adenotonsillectomy significantly improves subjective and objective sleep quality in children with OSA. However, the postoperative changes in heart rate variability (HRV) indices (indicators of cardiac autonomic function) and their importance remain inconclusive in childhood OSA. This retrospective case series aimed to investigate the association of sleep HRV indices, total OSA-18 questionnaire score (a subjective indicator of sleep quality) and polysomnographic parameters (objective indicators of sleep quality), and effects of adenotonsillectomy on HRV indices, total OSA-18 questionnaire score and polysomnographic parameters in children with OSA. Methods Seventy-six children with OSA were included in baseline analysis, of whom 64 (84%) completed at least 3 months follow-up examinations after adenotonsillectomy and were included in outcome analysis. Associations between baseline variables, and relationships with treatment-related changes were examined. Results Multivariable linear regression models in the baseline analysis revealed independent relationships between tonsil size and obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI), adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio and very low frequency (VLF) power of HRV (an indicator of sympathetic activity), and normalized low frequency power (an indicator of sympathetic activity) and OAHI. The outcome analysis showed that adenotonsillectomy significantly improved standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals, and high frequency power, QoL (in terms of reduced total OSA-18 questionnaire score), OAHI and hypoxemia. Using a conceptual serial multiple mediation model, % change in OSA-18 questionnaire score and % change in VLF power serially mediated the relationships between change in tonsil size and % change in OAHI. Conclusions The improvement in OAHI after adenotonsillectomy was serially mediated by reductions in total OSA-18 questionnaire score and VLF power. These preliminary findings are novel and provide a direction for future research to investigate the effects of VLF power-guided interventions on childhood OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ang Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Sleep Center, Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei CIty, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Hua Chuang
- Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Sleep Center, Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Shan Hsieh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chao-Yung Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Sleep Center, Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cardiology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Pang Chuang
- Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Sleep Center, Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yu Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Sleep Center, Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tuan-Jen Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Sleep Center, Metabolism and Obesity Institute, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Linkou Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guo-She Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Albert C Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei CIty, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Terry B J Kuo
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei CIty, Taiwan.,Center for Mind and Brain Medicine, Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou City, Taiwan.,Sleep Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheryl C H Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei CIty, Taiwan.,Sleep Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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14
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Does Frenotomy Modify Upper Airway Collapse in OSA Adult Patients? Case Report and Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010201. [PMID: 36615001 PMCID: PMC9821269 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) is a condition of the oral cavity in which an abnormally short lingual frenulum affects the tongue's mobility. Literature on the correlation between ankyloglossia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is scarce. The main objective of this study was to report our preliminary experience in adult OSA patients before and after ankyloglossia treatment, using drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) to evaluate the upper airway modifications resulting after treatment, and to present a systematic review of the impact of ankyloglossia and its treatment on OSA adults. We found that, after frenotomy, regarding the DISE findings, and according to the VOTE classification, two of the three patients showed an improvement in tongue level, from 2A-P (complete anteroposterior collapse) to 1ap (partial anteroposterior collapse). The third patient showed no changes in his UA after frenotomy, neither worsening nor showing improvement. Thus, the results of this study suggest that frenotomy in OSA patients with ankyloglossia could reduce tongue collapse, probably by allowing the tongue to take into the physiological position in the oral cavity. These patients should undergo speech therapy and oropharyngeal exercises prior to any surgical procedure, in order to avoid glossoptosis and to improve the quality of life and sleep apnea results.
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15
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Polysomnography findings in preschool children with obstructive sleep apnea are affected by growth and developmental level. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 162:111310. [PMID: 36116182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of growth and development level on polysomnography results in preschool children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS Preschool children (ages 3-6) with symptoms of snoring and were diagnosed with OSA by polysomnography in the sleep center were selected as the research object. They were split into three groups based on their growth rates: restricted, normal, and excessive. Sleep structure, respiratory events, and oxygenation index were compared between the three groups. RESULTS A total of 183 (111 boys and 72 girls) preschool children were enrolled. There were 26 cases in the growth restricted group, 112 cases in the normal growth group, and 45 cases in the overgrowth group. The weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) of children in the growth restricted and overgrowth groups were significantly different from those in the normal group. In terms of sleep structure, the sleep efficiency of the growth restricted group was poorer than that of the normal group. For sleep breathing events, the growth restricted group showed a greater apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI), hypoventilation index, and more hypoventilation than the normal group. In terms of oxygenation, the difference in degree of hypoxia between the three groups was statistically significant, and the overgrowth group had lower minimum oxygen saturation during the rapid eye movement phase than the normal group, as well as a quicker mean heart rate. CONCLUSIONS OSA is more likely in preschool-aged children with stunted or overgrown growth than in children with OSA alone, and the more severe the disorder, especially when accompanied with stunted growth.
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16
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Piovezan RD, Yu S, Hirotsu C, Marques-Vidal P, Haba-Rubio J, Tucker G, Adams R, Visvanathan R, Heinzer R. Associations of indicators of sleep impairment and disorders with low muscle strength in middle-aged and older adults: The HypnoLaus cohort study. Maturitas 2022; 164:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Peng J, Yuan Y, Zhao Y, Ren H. Effects of Exercise on Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10845. [PMID: 36078558 PMCID: PMC9518429 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With exercise being more frequently utilized in treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a systematic review of the intervention efficacy of exercise on OSA is necessary. PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science, VIP, and CNKI databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise applied to OSA from January 2000 to January 2022. The literature screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment of included studies were conducted independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis was then performed using Rev Man 5.4 software. A total of 9 RCTs were included, including 444 patients. Compared with the control group, exercise made an improvement in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) [MD = -6.65, 95% CI (-7.77, -5.53), p < 0.00001], minimum oxygen saturation (SaO2min%) [MD = 1.67, 95% CI (0.82, 2.52), p = 0.0001], peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) [SMD = 0.54, 95% CI (0.31, 0.78), p < 0.00001], Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) [MD = -2.08, 95% CI (-3.95, -0.21), p = 0.03], and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) values [MD = -1.64, 95% CI, (-3.07, -0.22), p = 0.02]. However, there were no significant changes in body mass index (BMI). As for the results of subgroup analysis, aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise [MD = -7.36, 95% CI (-8.64, -6.08), p < 0.00001] had a better effect on AHI reduction than aerobic exercise alone [MD = -4.36, 95% CI (-6.67, -2.06), p = 0.0002]. This systematic review demonstrates that exercise reduces the severity of OSA with no changes in BMI, and the effect of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training is better than aerobic exercise alone in AHI reduction. Exercise also improves cardiopulmonary fitness, sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness.
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18
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Arnardottir ES, Islind AS, Óskarsdóttir M, Ólafsdóttir KA, August E, Jónasdóttir L, Hrubos-Strøm H, Saavedra JM, Grote L, Hedner J, Höskuldsson S, Ágústsson JS, Jóhannsdóttir KR, McNicholas WT, Pevernagie D, Sund R, Töyräs J, Leppänen T. The Sleep Revolution project: the concept and objectives. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13630. [PMID: 35770626 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is linked to severe health consequences such as hypertension, daytime sleepiness, and cardiovascular disease. Nearly a billion people are estimated to have obstructive sleep apnea with a substantial economic burden. However, the current diagnostic parameter of obstructive sleep apnea, the apnea-hypopnea index, correlates poorly with related comorbidities and symptoms. Obstructive sleep apnea severity is measured by counting respiratory events, while other physiologically relevant consequences are ignored. Furthermore, as the clinical methods for analysing polysomnographic signals are outdated, laborious, and expensive, most patients with obstructive sleep apnea remain undiagnosed. Therefore, more personalised diagnostic approaches are urgently needed. The Sleep Revolution, funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, aims to tackle these shortcomings by developing machine learning tools to better estimate obstructive sleep apnea severity and phenotypes. This allows for improved personalised treatment options, including increased patient participation. Also, implementing these tools will alleviate the costs and increase the availability of sleep studies by decreasing manual scoring labour. Finally, the project aims to design a digital platform that functions as a bridge between researchers, patients, and clinicians, with an electronic sleep diary, objective cognitive tests, and questionnaires in a mobile application. These ambitious goals will be achieved through extensive collaboration between 39 centres, including expertise from sleep medicine, computer science, and industry and by utilising tens of thousands of retrospectively and prospectively collected sleep recordings. With the commitment of the European Sleep Research Society and Assembly of National Sleep Societies, the Sleep Revolution has the unique possibility to create new standardised guidelines for sleep medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna S Arnardottir
- Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anna Sigridur Islind
- Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Computer Science, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - María Óskarsdóttir
- Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Computer Science, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Elias August
- Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lára Jónasdóttir
- Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Harald Hrubos-Strøm
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jose M Saavedra
- Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Physical Activity, Physical Education, Sport and Health (PAPESH) Research Group, Department of Sports Science, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ludger Grote
- Internal Medicine, Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Hedner
- Internal Medicine, Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Kamilla Rún Jóhannsdóttir
- Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Walter T McNicholas
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital Group, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dirk Pevernagie
- Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Reijo Sund
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Leppänen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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19
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Gobbi C, Morelhão PK, Branco BHM, Tufik S, Andersen ML. Does exercise improve the sleep quality of older overweight or obese adults? Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:421-422. [PMID: 35272397 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscila K Morelhão
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Tufik
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Torres-Castro R, Solis-Navarro L, Puppo H, Alcaraz-Serrano V, Vasconcello-Castillo L, Vilaró J, Vera-Uribe R. Respiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:219-229. [PMID: 35466271 PMCID: PMC9036269 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Effective treatments for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) include positive pressure, weight loss, oral appliances, surgery, and exercise. Although the involvement of the respiratory muscles in OSA is evident, the effect of training them to improve clinical outcomes is not clear. We aimed to determine the effects of respiratory muscle training in patients with OSA. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in seven databases. Studies that applied respiratory muscle training in OSA patients were reviewed. Two independent reviewers analysed the studies, extracted the data and assessed the quality of evidence. Results: Of the 405 reports returned by the initial search, eight articles reporting on 210 patients were included in the data synthesis. Seven included inspiratory muscle training (IMT), and one included expiratory muscle training (EMT). Regarding IMT, we found significant improvement in Epworth sleepiness scale in −4.45 points (95%CI −7.64 to −1.27 points, p = 0.006), in Pittsburgh sleep quality index of −2.79 points (95%CI −4.19 to −1.39 points, p < 0.0001), and maximum inspiratory pressure of −29.56 cmH2O (95%CI −53.14 to −5.98 cmH2O, p = 0.01). However, the apnoea/hypopnea index and physical capacity did not show changes. We did not perform a meta-analysis of EMT due to insufficient studies. Conclusion: IMT improves sleepiness, sleep quality and inspiratory strength in patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Torres-Castro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; (R.T.-C.); (L.S.-N.); (H.P.); (L.V.-C.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lilian Solis-Navarro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; (R.T.-C.); (L.S.-N.); (H.P.); (L.V.-C.)
| | - Homero Puppo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; (R.T.-C.); (L.S.-N.); (H.P.); (L.V.-C.)
| | - Victoria Alcaraz-Serrano
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Vasconcello-Castillo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; (R.T.-C.); (L.S.-N.); (H.P.); (L.V.-C.)
| | - Jordi Vilaró
- Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Universitat Ramon Llull, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Roberto Vera-Uribe
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 8380453 Santiago, Chile; (R.T.-C.); (L.S.-N.); (H.P.); (L.V.-C.)
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21
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Labeix P, Berger M, Zellag A, Garcin A, Barthelemy JC, Roche F, Hupin D. Resistance Training of Inspiratory Muscles After Coronary Artery Disease May Improve Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation: RICAOS Study. Front Physiol 2022; 13:846532. [PMID: 35360234 PMCID: PMC8961327 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.846532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 5% of the adult population and its prevalence is up to 13 times higher in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. However, OSA in this population is less symptomatic, leading to lower adherence to positive airway pressure (CPAP). While oropharyngeal exercise showed a significant decrease in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in patients with moderate OSA, there have been no studies testing the impact of specific inspiratory muscle training (IMT) for these patients. The aim of our study was to assess the effectiveness of IMT on AHI reduction in CAD patients with moderate OSA. Methods We included patients with CAD involved in a cardiac rehabilitation program and presenting an AHI between 15 and 30. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 allocation to a control group (CTL – classic training) or an IMT group (classic training + IMT). IMT consisted in 60 deep inspirations a day, 6 days a week, into a resistive load device set at 70% of the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP). After 6 weeks, we compared AHI, neck circumference, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index, and quality of life with the 12-item Short Form Survey before and after rehabilitation. Results We studied 45 patient (60 ± 9 y, BMI = 27 ± 6 kg.m−2). The IMT group (n = 22) significantly improved MIP ( p < 0.05) and had a significant decrease in AHI by 25% (−6.5 ± 9.5, p = 0.02). In the CTL group (n = 23), AHI decreased only by 3.5% (−0.7 ± 13.1; p = 0.29). Between groups, we found a significant improvement in MIP ( p = 0.003) and neck circumference ( p = 0.01) in favor of the IMT group. However, we did not find any significant improvement of AHI in the IMT group compared to CTL ( p = 0.09). Conclusion A specific IMT during cardiac rehabilitation contributes to reduce significantly AHI in CAD patients with moderate OSA. Magnitude of the decrease in OSA severity could be enhanced according to implementation of specific IMT in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Labeix
- SAINBIOSE, U1059 INSERM, University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Mathieu Berger
- SAINBIOSE, U1059 INSERM, University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
- Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep, CHUV and UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Zellag
- SAINBIOSE, U1059 INSERM, University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
- Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Arnauld Garcin
- SAINBIOSE, U1059 INSERM, University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
- Innovation and Pharmacology Clinical Research Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Claude Barthelemy
- SAINBIOSE, U1059 INSERM, University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Frederic Roche
- SAINBIOSE, U1059 INSERM, University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - David Hupin
- SAINBIOSE, U1059 INSERM, University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- *Correspondence: David Hupin,
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Melaku YA, Reynolds AC, Appleton S, Sweetman A, Shi Z, Vakulin A, Catcheside P, Eckert DJ, Adams R. High quality and anti-inflammatory diets and a healthy lifestyle are associated with lower sleep apnea risk. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:1667-1679. [PMID: 35232539 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Most studies on diet and sleep apnea focus on calorie restriction. Here we investigate potential associations between dietary quality [healthy eating index (HEI), dietary inflammatory index (DII)] and overall healthy lifestyle with sleep apnea risk. METHODS National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (waves 2005-2008, and 2015-2018; N=14,210) were used to determine HEI, DII and their quintiles, with the fifth quintile indicating highest adherence to each dietary construct. A healthy lifestyle score was determined using diet, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity level. STOP-BANG questionnaire was used to define sleep apnea risk. Generalized linear regression models with binomial family and logit link were used to investigate potential associations. The models were adjusted for socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors and chronic conditions. RESULTS Prevalence of high sleep apnea risk was 25.1%. Higher DII was positively associated with sleep apnea (odds ratio (OR)Q5 vs. Q1=1.55; 95% CI: 1.24-1.94; p for trend <0.001) whereas higher HEI was associated with reduced sleep apnea risk (ORQ5 VS. Q1=0.72: 0.59-0.88; p for trend=0.007). Higher healthy lifestyle score was also associated with decreased odds of sleep apnea (p for trend <0.001). There was a significant interaction between healthy lifestyle and sex with sleep apnea risk (p for interaction=0.049) whereby females with higher healthy lifestyle scores had lower risk of sleep apnea versus males. CONCLUSIONS Higher quality and anti-inflammatory diets and a healthier overall lifestyle are associated with lower sleep apnea risk. These findings underline the importance of strategies to improve overall diet quality and promote healthy behavior, not just calorie restriction, to reduce sleep apnea risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Adama Melaku
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health)/Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amy C Reynolds
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health)/Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Appleton
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health)/Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexander Sweetman
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health)/Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha Qatar
| | - Andrew Vakulin
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health)/Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Catcheside
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health)/Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Danny J Eckert
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health)/Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert Adams
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (Sleep Health)/Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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23
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Bariani RCB, Bigliazzi R, Cappellette Junior M, Moreira G, Fujita RR. Effectiveness of functional orthodontic appliances in obstructive sleep apnea treatment in children: literature review. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 88:263-278. [PMID: 33757756 PMCID: PMC9422464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a common condition in childhood and if left untreated can result in many health problems. An accurate diagnosis of the etiology is crucial for obstructive sleep apnea treatment success. Functional orthodontic appliances that stimulate mandibular growth by forward mandibular positioning are an alternative therapeutic option in growing patients. OBJECTIVE To perform a literature review about the effects of functional orthodontic appliances used to correct the mandibular deficiency in obstructive sleep apnea treatment. METHODS The literature search was conducted in June 2020 using Cochrane Library; PubMed, EBSCO (Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source), LILACS Ovid; SciELO Web of Science; EMBASE Bireme and BBO Bireme electronic databases. The search included papers published in English, until June 2020, whose methodology referred to the types and effects of functional orthopedic appliances on obstructive sleep apnea treatment in children. RESULTS The search strategy identified thirteen articles; only four articles were randomized clinical studies. All studies using the oral appliances or functional orthopedic appliances for obstructive sleep apnea in children resulted in improvements in the apnea-hypopnea index score. The cephalometric (2D) and tomographic (3D) evaluations revealed enlargement of the upper airway and increase in the upper airspace, improving the respiratory function in the short term. CONCLUSION Functional appliances may be an alternative treatment for obstructive sleep apnea, but it cannot be concluded that they are effective in treating pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. There are significant deficiencies in the existing evidence, mainly due to absence of control groups, small sample sizes, lack of randomization and no long-term results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Catia Brás Bariani
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Mario Cappellette Junior
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Moreira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Departamento de Psicobiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Raimundo Fujita
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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24
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Esnaasharieh F, Dehghan M, Mangolian Shahrbabaki P. The relationship between sleep quality and physical activity among patients with heart failure: a cross-sectional study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:20. [PMID: 35130928 PMCID: PMC8822686 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00415-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders are one of the most common and annoying problems among patients with heart failure, which decrease their quality of life. Participation in physical activity is one of the most effective methods to reduce sleep disorders; however, few patients participate. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between physical activities and sleep quality among heart failure patients. METHODS A convenience sample of 100 patients with heart failure referred to rehabilitation centers in southeastern Iran was used in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) were used to collect data. The Spearman correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze the data. The significance level was < 0.05. RESULTS The results revealed that the mean score of sleep quality was 8.74 ± 2.83, with the majority of them (84.47%) having poor sleep quality. The mean score of physical activity was 2.59 ± 1.33, and the majority of them (95.15%) had sub-optimal physical activity. There was a significant and inverse relationship between the total scores of sleep quality and physical activity, and patients' sleep quality improved while physical activity increased. Physical activity, sex, history of heart surgery, and the stage of illness were found to account for 31% of the variances in patients' sleep quality. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed better sleep quality among patients who were more physically active. Given that the majority of patients with heart failure suffer from sleep disorders, patients' knowledge of physical activity should be increased to improve their quality of sleep and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Esnaasharieh
- MS of Critical Care Nursing, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Mahlagha Dehghan
- Nursing Research Center, Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Haft-Bagh Highway, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parvin Mangolian Shahrbabaki
- Nursing Research Center, Razi Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Haft-Bagh Highway, Kerman, Iran.
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25
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Krause-Sorio B, An E, Aguila AP, Martinez F, Aysola RS, Macey PM. Inspiratory Muscle Training for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Protocol Development and Feasibility of Home Practice by Sedentary Adults. Front Physiol 2021; 12:737493. [PMID: 34803729 PMCID: PMC8599350 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.737493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) may improve respiratory and cardiovascular functions in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and is a potential alternative or adjunct treatment to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). IMT protocols were originally designed for athletes, however, we found some OSA patients could not perform the exercise, so we aimed for a more OSA-friendly protocol. Our feasibility criteria included (1) participants successfully managing the technique at home; (2) participants completing daily practice sessions and recording data logs; and (3) capturing performance plateaus to determine an optimal length of the intervention. Methods: Five sedentary OSA patients participated in this feasibility study (three men, mean age = 61.6 years, SD = 10.2). Using a digital POWERbreathe K4 or K5 device, participants performed 30 daily inhalations against a resistance set at a percentage of maximum, recalculated weekly. Participants were willing to perform one but not two daily practice sessions. Intervention parameters from common IMT protocols were adapted according to ability and subjective feedback. Some were unable to perform the typically used 75% of maximum inspiratory resistance so we lowered the target to 65%. The technique required some practice; therefore, we introduced a practice week with a 50% target. After an initial 8 weeks, the intervention was open-ended and training continued until all participants demonstrated at least one plateau of inspiratory strength (2 weeks without strength gain). Weekly email and phone reminders ensured that participants completed all daily sessions and logged data in their online surveys. Weekly measures of inspiratory resistance, strength, volume, and flow were recorded. Results: Participants successfully completed the practice and subsequent 65% IMT resistance targets daily for 13 weeks. Inspiratory strength gains showed plateaus in all subjects by the end of 10 weeks of training, suggesting 12 weeks plus practice would be sufficient to achieve and capture maximum gains. Participants reported no adverse effects. Conclusion: We developed and tested a 13-week IMT protocol in a small group of sedentary, untreated OSA patients. Relative to other IMT protocols, we successfully implemented reduced performance requirements, a practice week, and an extended timeframe. This feasibility study provides the basis for a protocol for clinical trials on IMT in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Krause-Sorio
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eunjoo An
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrea P Aguila
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fernando Martinez
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ravi S Aysola
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul M Macey
- UCLA School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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26
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Effect of exercise training on body composition in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med 2021; 87:105-113. [PMID: 34547647 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction in adiposity is considered a cornerstone in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Exercise training is one of the interventions used in the treatment of OSA. However, it remains unclear whether exercise training alleviates OSA by improving body composition. This study aimed to verify the effect of exercise training on body composition and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in patients with OSA. This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were used for systematic review. Analyses were performed using Review Manager software (version 5.3; R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Exercise training significantly reduced body mass index (mean difference = -0.55 kg/m2; 95% CI = -0.95 to -0.15), body fat percentage (mean difference = -1.19%; 95% CI = -2.03 to -0.35), neck circumference (mean difference = -0.55 cm; 95% CI = -1.08 to -0.02), total body weight (mean difference = -2.13 kg; 95% CI = -4.30 to 0.04), and AHI -8.06 events/hour; 95% CI = -10.47 to -5.66). Although body composition was improved by exercise, this improvement was clinically small. Moreover, improvement in AHI by exercise may not be entirely due to improvements in adiposity. PROSPERO #: CRD42020210509.
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27
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Soreca I. The role of circadian rhythms in Obstructive Sleep Apnea symptoms and novel targets for treatment. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1274-1282. [PMID: 34027758 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1929281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common disorder that is associated with disability, premature mortality and lost quality of life. Excessive daytime sleepiness and depressive symptoms confer a great portion of the disability and lost quality of life associated with the disorder. While showing robust rates of response and symptoms resolutions, current treatments aimed at correcting the respiratory disturbances are not universally successful and a non-negligible proportion of patients who are correctly using available therapies do not experience symptomatic relief, suggesting that mechanisms beyond the respiratory disturbances may be involved in the pathogenesis of symptoms. A growing body of literature concerning animal and human models suggests that the sleep and respiratory disturbances commonly seen in OSA, namely sleep fragmentation, partial sleep deprivation, intermittent hypoxia, can promote shifts in circadian rhythms ultimately leading to misalignment between sleep-wake rhythms and the internal clock, as well as desynchrony amongst peripheral clocks and peripheral and central clock. This manuscript reviews the current evidence in support of a circadian disturbance underlying OSA symptomatology and proposes new applications for existing chronotherapeutic interventions with the potential for improving symptoms and quality of life for those patients that do not find symptomatic relief with currently available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Soreca
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Mental Illness Research, Clinical, Education Centers of Excellence (MIRECC), VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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28
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Kline CE, Hillman CH, Bloodgood Sheppard B, Tennant B, Conroy DE, Macko RF, Marquez DX, Petruzzello SJ, Powell KE, Erickson KI. Physical activity and sleep: An updated umbrella review of the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee report. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 58:101489. [PMID: 33934046 PMCID: PMC8338757 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is widely considered to improve sleep, but a comprehensive review of the research on this topic has not been performed. In this umbrella review, conducted initially for the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee and updated to reflect more recent research, we examined whether PA enhances sleep outcomes across the lifespan as well as among individuals with sleep disorders. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were utilized to assess the evidence. We also examined dose-response considerations and whether the association between PA and sleep was moderated by various factors (e.g., timing, sociodemographic characteristics). We found strong evidence that both acute bouts of PA and regular PA improved sleep outcomes. Moderate evidence indicated that longer bouts of PA (both acute and regular) improved sleep, and that the effects of PA on sleep outcomes were generally preserved across adult age groups and sex. Finally, moderate evidence demonstrated that PA improved sleep in adults with insomnia symptoms or obstructive sleep apnea. Several important areas in need of future research were also identified. Overall, the review supported the claim that PA improves sleep, but highlighted gaps that need to be addressed to facilitate more widespread utilization of PA for improving sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Kline
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - David E Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Richard F Macko
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David X Marquez
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Center for Research on Health and Aging, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven J Petruzzello
- Department of Kinesiology & Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth E Powell
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Retired), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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29
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Faria A, Allen AH, Fox N, Ayas N, Laher I. The public health burden of obstructive sleep apnea. SLEEP SCIENCE (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL) 2021; 14:257-265. [PMID: 35186204 PMCID: PMC8848533 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common respiratory disorder of sleep. The vast majority (>80%) of adults with moderate to severe OSA remain undiagnosed. The economic costs associated with OSA are substantial for both the individual and society as a whole; expenses are likely to be underestimated given that the disease remains undiagnosed in such a large percentage of individuals. The economic burden of motor vehicle collisions related to OSA alone is significant; it is estimated that 810,000 collisions and 1400 fatalities from car crashes in the United States were attributable to sleep apnea in 2000. The many health consequences of OSA include daytime sleepiness, reduced quality of life, decreased learning skills, and importantly, neurocognitive impairments that include impaired episodic memory, executive function, attention and visuospatial cognitive functions. Untreated OSA leads to numerous medical problems such as cardiovascular diseases that can potentially increase healthcare utilization. Untreated patients with sleep apnea consume a disproportionate amount of healthcare resources, expenditures that decrease after treatment. The gold-standard management of OSA remains treatment with CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure), which is effective in eliminating sleep fragmentation and preserving nocturnal oxygenation, thereby improving daytime sleepiness and quality of life. However, its impacts in reversing neurocognitive function are still uncertain. A significant impediment to CPAP effectiveness is low adherence rates (ranges from 50% to 75%). It is commonly accepted that CPAP improves excessive drowsiness; hence meliorates attention, and accumulating data suggest that CPAP improves a variety of other outcomes such as the risk of motor vehicle crashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Faria
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina - Pampulha - Belo Horizonte - Brazil
| | - Aj Hirsch Allen
- University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine - Vancouver - British - Columbia - Canada
| | - Nurit Fox
- University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine - Vancouver - British - Columbia - Canada
| | - Najib Ayas
- University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine - Vancouver - British - Columbia - Canada
| | - Ismail Laher
- University of British Columbia, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine - Vancouver - British - 'Columbia - Canada
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30
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Amiri S, Hasani J, Satkin M. Effect of exercise training on improving sleep disturbances: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Sleep Med 2021; 84:205-218. [PMID: 34166987 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exercise training has beneficial effects on various aspects of health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise training on the improvement of sleep disturbances using systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. METHOD Four indexes of scientific information including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane library were selected and all manuscripts of these sources were searched in English until January 2021. The studies were screened and finally, the studies were entered into meta-analysis and the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) was calculated, and the analyzes were performed based on the random effects method. Publication bias and heterogeneity were examined in all analyzes. RESULT A total of 32 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that exercise training is effective in improving sleep quality (SMD = -0.85 and confidence interval (CI) was -1.16-0.54; P < 0.001). Exercise training improving insomnia (SMD = -0.87 and CI was -1.68-0.06; P = 0.036). Exercise training improves sleepiness (SMD = -0.38 and CI was -0.68-0.07; P = 0.016), obstructive sleep apnea (SMD = -0.40 and CI was -0.67-0.14; P = 0.003) and restless legs syndrome (SMD = -1.02 and CI was -1.56-0.49; P < 0.001). DISCUSSION Exercise training has beneficial effects on a variety of sleep disturbances and therefore it can be said that providing the necessary conditions for exercise training can play a major role in promoting health, especially since this type of intervention is a non-pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jafar Hasani
- Department of Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Satkin
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Emerging Evidence and Treatment Approach. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:5591251. [PMID: 33981185 PMCID: PMC8088382 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5591251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OSA pediatric subjects suffer from episodes of upper airway obstruction that can be partial or complete, with atypical sleep patterns and blood-gas level alteration. If poor treated and/or diagnosed, it can cause cardiovascular disease, learning difficulties, behavioural issues, and retardation of growth. In the literature, there are conflicting evidence about OSA assessment and treatment in pediatric age, so the aim of this paper is to highlight the multidisciplinary approach in the management of sleep disorders, stressing the role of the pediatric dentist in both diagnosing and treating the OSAS in children, according to the current evidence of the treatment options effectiveness of the syndrome itself. Conclusions. Scientific evidence shows that OSAS management requires a multidisciplinary approach in order to make an early diagnosis and a correct treatment plan. The orthodontic treatment approach includes orthopedic maxillary expansion and mandibular advancement using intraoral appliances. Hence, the orthodontist and the pediatric dentist play an important role not only in early diagnosis but also in the treatment of pediatric OSAS.
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Evaluation and Management of Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Lung 2021; 199:87-101. [PMID: 33713177 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-021-00426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common and underdiagnosed medical condition characterized by recurrent sleep-dependent pauses and reductions in airflow. While a narrow, collapsible oropharynx plays a central role in the pathophysiology of OSAS, there are other equally important nonanatomic factors including sleep-stage dependent muscle tone, arousal threshold, and loop gain that drive obstructive apneas and hypopneas. Through mechanisms of intermittent hypoxemia, arousal-related sleep fragmentation, and intrathoracic pressure changes, OSAS impacts multiple organ systems. Risk factors for OSAS include obesity, male sex, age, specific craniofacial features, and ethnicity. The prevalence of OSAS is rising due to increasing obesity rates and improved sensitivity in the tools used for diagnosis. Validated questionnaires have an important but limited role in the identification of patients that would benefit from formal testing for OSA. While an in-laboratory polysomnography remains the gold standard for diagnosis, the widespread availability and accuracy of home sleep apnea testing modalities increase access and ease of OSAS diagnosis for many patients. In adults, the most common treatment involves the application of positive airway pressure (PAP), but compliance continues to be a challenge. Alternative treatments including mandibular advancement device, hypoglossal nerve stimulator, positional therapies, and surgical options coupled with weight loss and exercise offer possibilities of an individualized personal approach to OSAS. Treatment of symptomatic patients with OSAS has been found to be beneficial with regard to sleep-related quality of life, sleepiness, and motor vehicle accidents. The benefit of treating asymptomatic OSA patients, particularly with regard to cardiovascular outcomes, is controversial and more data are needed.
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Loboda D, Stepanik M, Golba A, Dzierzawa M, Szajerska-Kurasiewicz A, Simionescu K, Turski M, Kucia-Kuzma S, Durmala J, Golba KS. The beneficial impact of cardiac rehabilitation on obstructive sleep apnea in patients with coronary artery disease. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:403-412. [PMID: 33089775 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of cardiac rehabilitation for decreasing sleep-disordered breathing in patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS The study included 121 patients aged 60.01 ± 10.08 years, 101 of whom were men, with an increased pretest probability of OSA. The cardiac rehabilitation program lasted 21-25 days. The improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the changes in peak metabolic equivalents, the maximal heart rate achieved, the proportion of the age- and sex-predicted maximal heart rate, and the Six-Minute Walk Test distance. Level 3 portable sleep tests with respiratory event index assessments were performed in 113 patients on admission and discharge. RESULTS Increases were achieved in metabolic equivalents (Δ1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-1.40; P < .0001), maximal heart rate (-Δ7.5 beats per minute; 95% CI, 5.00-10.50; P < .0001), proportion of age- and sex-predicted maximal heart rate (Δ5.50%; 95% CI, 4.00-7.50; P < .0001), and the Six-Minute Walk Test distance (Δ91.00 m; 95% CI, 62.50-120.00; P < .0001). Sleep-disordered breathing was diagnosed in 94 (83.19%) patients: moderate in 28 (24.8%) patients and severe in 27 (23.9%) patients, with a respiratory event index of 19.75 (interquartile range, 17.20-24.00) and 47.50 (interquartile range, 35.96-56.78), respectively. OSA was dominant in 90.40% of patients. The respiratory event index reduction achieved in the sleep-disordered breathing group was -Δ3.65 (95% CI, -6.30 to -1.25; P = .003) and was in parallel to the improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness in the subgroups with the highest effort load and with severe sleep-disordered breathing: -Δ6.40 (95% CI, -11.40 to -1.90; P = .03) and -Δ11.00 (95% CI, -18.65 to -4.40; P = .003), respectively. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity exercise training during cardiac rehabilitation resulted in a significant decrease in OSA, when severe, in parallel with an improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Loboda
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michalina Stepanik
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Golba
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Dzierzawa
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Simionescu
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maciej Turski
- Day Treatment Cardiac Rehabilitation Ward, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Durmala
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof S Golba
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Electrocardiology, Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, Katowice, Poland
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Bock JM, Vungarala S, Karim S, Somers VK. Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor-Beyond CPAP. Can J Cardiol 2021; 37:756-765. [PMID: 33610689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience repetitive partial or complete airway collapse during sleep resulting in nocturnal hypoxia-normoxia cycling, and are at increased cardiovascular risk. The number of apneas and hypopneas indexed per hour of sleep (apnea-hypopnea index) along with the associated intermittent hypoxia predict the increased cardiovascular risk; thus, their attenuation or prevention are objectives of OSA therapy. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard treatment for OSA and, when effective, mitigates the apnea-hypopnea index and hypoxemia. As such, it is reasonable to expect CPAP would decrease cardiovascular risk. However, 3 recent randomized clinical trials of CPAP vs usual care did not show any significant effects of CPAP in attenuating incident cardiovascular events in patients with OSA. In this review, we discuss these studies in addition to potential complementary therapeutic options to CPAP (eg, neurostimulation) and conclude with suggested therapeutic targets for future interventional studies (eg, the autonomic nervous system). Although these areas of research are exciting, they have yet to be tested to any similar degree of rigour as CPAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Bock
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Soumya Vungarala
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shahid Karim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Virend K Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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Longlalerng K, Nakeaw A, Charawae AE, Reantong P, Prangyim U, Jeenduang N. Effects of six weeks high-intensity interval training and resistance training in adults with obesity and sleep related breathing disorders. Sleep Sci 2021; 14:41-48. [PMID: 34917272 PMCID: PMC8663736 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with resistance training (RT) in adults with obesity and sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) is limited. Objective This study aimed to examine the effects of HIIT combined with RT on subjective sleep disorders in adults with obesity and SRBDs. Material and Methods This study was a pre- and post-test design. Seventeen adults with obesity and SRBDs were recruited into the study. They received 24 minutes of HIIT and 30 minutes of RT, 3 times/week for 6 weeks. The Epworth sleepiness scale (daytime sleepiness), Berlin questionnaire (snoring and daytime sleepiness category), estimated maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), muscle strength using 1-repetition maximum, anthropometric variables, and blood biomarkers were examined at baseline and after 6 weeks of training. Results The Epworth sleepiness scale, Berlin questionnaire (daytime sleepiness category), and the number of risks associated with sleep apnea using the Berlin questionnaire were significantly decreased after 6 weeks of training (all p<0.01). The estimated VO2max and muscle strength were significantly increased at Week 6 (all p<0.05). Body weight, body mass index, % body fat, and hip circumference were significantly decreased at Week 6 (all p<0.05). No significant changes were observed in blood biomarkers, except for fasting blood glucose (p<0.01). Conclusion Six weeks of HIIT combined with RT has beneficial effects on subjective sleep disorders, estimated VO2max, muscle strength, and most anthropometric variables in adults with obesity and SRBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khomkrip Longlalerng
- Walailak University, School of Allied Health Science, Department of Physical Therapy - Thasala - Nakhon Si Thammarat - Thailand
| | - Anucha Nakeaw
- Walailak University, School of Allied Health Science, Department of Physical Therapy - Thasala - Nakhon Si Thammarat - Thailand
| | - Asmu-E Charawae
- Walailak University, School of Allied Health Science, Department of Physical Therapy - Thasala - Nakhon Si Thammarat - Thailand
| | - Powpachara Reantong
- Walailak University, School of Allied Health Science, Department of Physical Therapy - Thasala - Nakhon Si Thammarat - Thailand
| | - Usamawee Prangyim
- Walailak University, School of Allied Health Science, Department of Physical Therapy - Thasala - Nakhon Si Thammarat - Thailand
| | - Nutjaree Jeenduang
- Walailak University, School of Allied Health Science, Department of Medical Technology - Thasala - Nakhon Si Thammarat - Thailand
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The effectiveness of a weight-loss Mediterranean diet/lifestyle intervention in the management of obstructive sleep apnea: Results of the "MIMOSA" randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:850-859. [PMID: 32928580 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first-line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), lifestyle interventions have also emerged as complementary therapeutic choices. We aimed to explore whether the addition of a weight-loss Mediterranean diet/lifestyle intervention to OSA standard care, i.e. CPAP prescription and brief written healthy lifestyle advice, has an incremental effect on improving OSA severity, over the effect of standard care alone. METHODS We designed a parallel, randomized, controlled, superiority clinical trial. Eligible participants were adult, overweight men and women, diagnosed with moderate-to-severe OSA [apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)≥ 15 events/h] through an attended overnight polysomnography. Participants were blindly randomized to a standard care group (SCG, n = 65), a Mediterranean diet group (MDG, n = 62) or a Mediterranean lifestyle group (MLG, n = 60). All three study groups were prescribed with CPAP. The SCG additionally received written healthy lifestyle advice, while intervention arms were subjected to a 6-month behavioral intervention aiming at weight loss and increasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The MLG also received counselling on physical activity and sleep habits. Polysomnographic data and OSA symptoms were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS A total of 187 OSA patients were recruited. Seven patients were excluded post-randomization and 53/180 (29%) were lost to follow-up. No harms from the interventions applied were reported. According to intention-to-treat analysis (n = 180), mean (95% confidence interval) AHI change was -4.2 (-7.4, -1.0) for the SCG, -24.7 (-30.4, -19.1) for the MDG and -27.3 (-33.9, -20.6) for the MLG. Post-intervention age-, sex-, baseline- and CPAP use-adjusted AHI was significantly lower in the MDG and the MLG compared to the SCG (mean difference: -18.0, and -21.2, respectively, both P < 0.001), and the differences remained significant after further adjustment for body-weight change (P = 0.004 and 0.008, respectively). Other respiratory event indices, daytime sleepiness and insomnia were also significantly lower in both intervention arms compared to the SCG (all P < 0.05). The MLG only presented higher percent rapid-eye-movement sleep and lower daytime sleepiness compared to the MDG (both P < 0.05). Results were similar in the per-protocol analysis (n = 127). CONCLUSIONS A dietary/lifestyle intervention on top of standard care leads to greater improvements in OSA severity and symptomatology compared to standard care alone. Benefits are evident regardless of CPAP use and weight loss. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02515357, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02515357.
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Black JK, Whittaker AC, Tahrani AA, Balanos GM. The implementation of a physical activity intervention in adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea over the age of 50 years: a feasibility uncontrolled clinical trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020; 12:46. [PMID: 32782808 PMCID: PMC7414532 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-020-00195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Observational studies suggested that OSA treatment might reduce CVD and T2D but RCTs failed to support these observations in part due to poor adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Physical activity (PA) has been shown to have favourable impact on CVD and the risk of T2D independent of its impact on weight and therefore might provide additional health gains to patients with OSA, whether or not adherent to CPAP. Methods The main aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of providing a 12-week PA intervention to adults aged over 50 with OSA. The secondary aim was to assess the impact of the PA intervention on OSA severity. Patients with moderate-severe OSA (apnoea hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 events/hour (based on overnight ApneaLink™) were recruited in response to posters displayed in workplaces. A 12-week daily PA intervention was delivered in participant’s home setting and PA was monitored via text and validated by objective PA measures (GT3X accelerometers). Results The intervention was feasible as all 10 patients (8 males, mean (SD) age 57.3 (6.01)) completed the intervention and PA increased across the 12-weeks. The duration of PA increased from baseline (113.1 min (64.69) per week to study-end following the intervention (248.4 min (148.31) (p = 0.02). Perceived Exertion (RPE) (physical effort) increased significantly between baseline (M = 10.7 (1.94)) to end of intervention (M = 13.8, (1.56) (p < 0.001). The intervention had no significant impact on weight or composition. Following the intervention, there was a statistically non-significant a reduction in AHI from baseline to study end (22.3 (7.35) vs. 15.8 (7.48); p = 0.09). Conclusion It is feasible to deliver a PA intervention to adults aged over 50 with OSA. The intervention resulted in improved PA and AHI levels somewhat and seemingly independent of weight changes. Future trials need to examine whether PA can reduce the burden of OSA associated comorbidities. Trial registration CTN: ISRCTN11016312 Retrospectively Registered 21/07/20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Black
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT UK
| | - Anna C Whittaker
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT UK.,Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA UK
| | - Abd A Tahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - George M Balanos
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT UK
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Singh J, Bhardwaj B. To Study the Effect of Calorie Deficit Diet and Strength Training in Patients with Mild to Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnoea. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 72:284-291. [PMID: 32728536 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-019-01739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OSA is a disease of modernisation. Though many modalities are available for its treatment from invasive to non-invasive; the role of lifestyle modification can never be underrated. Lifestyle modification normally includes walk; diet with less fat; abstinence from alcohol and smoking along with regularising of sleep schedule. However the role of calorie deficit diet along with strength training in OSA has not been extensively researched till date. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the calorie deficit diet and strength training in patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea. It is a prospective randomised control trial of 40 patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A was given lifestyle modification while Group B was given Lifestyle Modification with calorie deficit diet and strength training. The outcomes were measured by comparing pre-intervention and post-intervention polysomnography and Epworth sleepiness score after 3 months. The most common symptom found in our group was excessive daytime sleepiness and Loud snoring; both present in 39/40 patients. Other common symptoms were Awakening with a dry mouth or sore throat; morning headache; difficulty concentrating during the day; experiencing mood changes, such as depression or irritability and high blood pressure. The post intervention BMI in Group A was - 1.75 ± 0.698 than pre-intervention BMI while in Group B the difference between pre-intervention and post intervention was - 3.05 ± 1.32. The difference in AHI events pre-intervention versus post-intervention in Group A and Group B was - 3.5 ± 1.11 and - 5.55 ± 1.90 respectively. The ESS decreased by - 2.2 ± 0.871 and - 3.31 ± 0.05 respectively in Group A and Group B post-intervention. Calorie deficit diet along with strength training markedly improves the AHI index; BMI and ESS score in Mild to moderate OSA patients and is highly recommended in motivated patients in addition to lifestyle modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskaran Singh
- Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Health Sciences and Research Amritsar, HIG 202 Sector 71, Mohali, 160071 India
| | - Bhanu Bhardwaj
- Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Health Sciences and Research Amritsar, 27-C; Sant Avenue; The Mall, Amritsar, 143001 India
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Herrero Babiloni A, Lam JTAT, Exposto FG, Beetz G, Provost C, Gagnon DH, Lavigne GJ. Interprofessional Collaboration in Dentistry: Role of physiotherapists to improve care and outcomes for chronic pain conditions and sleep disorders. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 49:529-537. [PMID: 32531851 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Physiotherapists can manage chronic pain patients by using technical interventions such as mobility, strengthening, manual therapy, or flexibility in a specific and functional manner, being a key component of a multidisciplinary team. Dentists are involved in the management of different chronic pain conditions such as temporomandibular disorders and sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea. However, they are frequently unaware of the benefits of collaborating with physical therapists. In this review, the collaboration of physical therapists and dentists will be explored when managing orofacial pain, headaches, and sleep disorders. The physical therapist is important in the management of these disorders and also in the screening of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Herrero Babiloni
- Sacre-Cœur Hospital, CIUSS du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Faculté de Medicine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jacqueline T A T Lam
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fernando G Exposto
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gabrielle Beetz
- Sacre-Cœur Hospital, CIUSS du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Catherine Provost
- Sacre-Cœur Hospital, CIUSS du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dany H Gagnon
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gilles J Lavigne
- Sacre-Cœur Hospital, CIUSS du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Faculté de Medicine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Effects of exercise and dietary interventions on serum metabolites in men with insomnia symptoms: A 6-month randomized controlled trial. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 2:95-101. [PMID: 35784182 PMCID: PMC9219304 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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The effect of eurhythmy therapy on self-determination, health complaints and psychological symptoms: A non-randomised trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 49:102347. [PMID: 32147084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study healthcare quality improvement through Eurhythmy Therapy (EYT) relative to treatment as usual without EYT. DESIGN Pre/post-follow-up analysis with a comparison group. SETTING Patients of 13 eurhythmy therapists and people with similar physical or psychological health complaints. Respondents' mean age was 60 years (SD = 13.83). INTERVENTION EYT-sessions for the complaint versus treatment as usual. OUTCOME MEASURES Self-determination (BPNSFS); health complaint (1 item); sleeping problems (SCL-90); psychological symptoms and work/study dysfunction (SQ-48) at pre-measure (t0), post-measure (t1) and one-month follow-up (t2). RESULTS A small positive effect of EYT on self-determination (eta2 = .08) and a medium negative effect of EYT on health complaints at t1 and t2 (η2p = .24 and .22). The effect of EYT was n.s. on sleeping problems, n.s. on psychological symptoms and medium negative n.s. on work/study dysfunction, the last within a small sample size (n < 30; eta2 = .13). CONCLUSIONS EYT-participants (n = 38) improved more on self-determination, health complaints and probably also on work/study dysfunction than the comparison group (n = 42), but not on sleeping problems and psychological symptoms. Results should be treated with caution, because the comparison group is not comparable to the EYT-group in the motivation to engage in EYT and the sample size was small.
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Lins-Filho OL, Pedrosa RP, Gomes JML, Dantas Moraes SL, Vasconcelos BCE, Lemos CAA, Pellizzer EP. Effect of exercise training on subjective parameters in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med 2020; 69:1-7. [PMID: 32045849 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has many effects on subjective parameters of the disease, such as reduction in quality of life (QoL), sleep quality (SQ), and increases in daytime sleepiness. Studies have reported the beneficial effect of exercise training on OSA severity; however, whether it improves subjective parameters remains unclear. The purpose of the present review was to investigate the effect of exercise training on QoL, daytime sleepiness, and SQ in adults with OSA by summarizing the results of clinical trials. The study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. A systematic review of the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane (CENTRAL) databases was conducted. Risk of bias analysis was performed using the Cochrane tool, and Review Manager version 5.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) was used to perform the meta-analysis. Of the 1573 studies initially retrieved, 8 relevant studies with 228 participants were included in the analysis. The studies presented moderate risk of bias. Exercise training significantly improved QoL (mean difference, 12.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.4 to 19.5]) and SQ (mean difference, -2.0 [95% CI -3.6 to -0.5]), and reduced daytime sleepiness (mean difference, -3.7 [95% CI -6.1 to -1.2]), and OSA severity (mean difference, -11.4 [95% CI -13.4 to -9.4 events/h]). Thus, physical exercise training was effective in improving subjective parameters and reducing the severity of OSA. Additional randomized clinical trials, however, should be performed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozeas L Lins-Filho
- PhD Student of Health Sciences - Pernambuco University, (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Pinto Pedrosa
- Professor of Health Sciences - Pernambuco University, (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jessica M L Gomes
- PhD Student of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba Dental School, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra L Dantas Moraes
- Professor of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pernambuco University (UPE), Camaragibe, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Professor of Departament of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba Dental School, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Are obstructive sleep apnea and sleep improved in response to multidisciplinary weight loss interventions in youth with obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:753-770. [PMID: 31911659 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric obesity is closely associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and short sleep duration. While multidisciplinary weight loss interventions are recommended for pediatric obesity management, the evidence for their effects on OSA severity and overall sleep in youth have not been systematically examined. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the effects of multidisciplinary weight loss interventions on OSA severity and prevalence, and on overall sleep health in youth with obesity. METHODS A systematic search of interventional studies (participants age range: 10-19 yrs) was performed using PubMed, CENTRAL and Embase, from inception to May 2019. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. RESULTS Ten studies were included by the end of the screening process. Ninety percent of the included studies reported a decrease in OSA prevalence post-intervention, and OSA was normalized for 46.2-79.7% of the youth. The meta-analysis comprising seven longitudinal studies revealed significant reductions in apnea-hypopnea index (effect size: -0.51, 95%CI -0.94 to -0.08, p = 0.019), and oxygen desaturation index (effect size: -0.28, 95%CI = -0.50 to -0.05, p = 0.016). Seventy-five percent of the studies reported improved sleep duration in youth with OSA. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests that multidisciplinary weight loss interventions result in improvements in OSA severity and sleep duration in youth with obesity. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted to better assess and understand the independent implications of weight loss, fat mass decrease and chronic exercise on OSA and sleep health in this population.
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Nóbrega-Júnior JCN, Dornelas de Andrade A, de Andrade EAM, Andrade MDA, Ribeiro ASV, Pedrosa RP, Ferreira APDL, de Lima AMJ. Inspiratory Muscle Training in the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Sleep Quality and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:1105-1113. [PMID: 33293881 PMCID: PMC7719323 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s269360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise programs have been considered as an adjuvant treatment in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, few studies have focused on the effects of the inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in reducing the severity and the symptoms of OSA. PATIENTS AND METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted and approved by the local Ethics Committee. All subjects signed the informed consent form and were randomized into 2 groups: a) IMT group (n = 8), 8 weeks of IMT with 75% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and b) placebo group (n = 8): subjects performed IMT without load. RESULTS IMT group showed reduction in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (p = 0.01), in the Berlin questionnaire score (p = 0.001) and an increase in inspiratory muscle strength (p = 0.018). IMT group demonstrated a reduction in the AHI (31.7 ± 15.9 events/h vs 29.9 ± 15.8 events/h; p <0.001), in the Berlin questionnaire scores (2.6 ± 0.5 vs 1.2 ± 0.5; p = 0.016), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score (7.2 ± 3.6 vs 3.7 ± 1.3; p = 0.008), in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) (12.5 ± 4.0 vs 7.7 ± 3.0; p = 0.008) and increase in MIP (83.6 ± 26.5 cmH2O and 127.9 ± 32.5 cmH2O; p = 0.010). CONCLUSION The IMT promotes discrete changes in the AHI and improves sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness in OSA. Moreover, IMT is a cheap, useful and simple home-based training program and can be considered as an adjunct therapy for OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Pinto Pedrosa
- Sleep and Heart Laboratory, Pronto Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE)- University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Anna Myrna Jaguaribe de Lima
- Department of Physical Therapy Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Amat P, Tran Lu Y É. [The contribution of orofacial myofunctional reeducation to the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA): a systematic review of the literature]. Orthod Fr 2019; 90:343-370. [PMID: 34643521 DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr/2019035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA) is a widespread and under-diagnosed condition, making it a major public health and safety problem. Orofacial myofunctional reeducation (OMR) has been shown to be effective in the multidisciplinary treatment of OSA in children, adolescents and adults and is prescribed at several stages of OSA management. The main objective of this systematic literature review was to evaluate the effectiveness of active or passive orofacial myofunctional reeducation (OMR) in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children, adolescents and adults. The systematic literature review was undertaken from the three electronic databases: Medline (via PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, and supplemented by a limited grey literature search (Google Scholar) in order to identify the studies evaluating the effectiveness of the OMR on OSA. The primary outcome of interest was a decrease in the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) of at least five episodes per hour compared to the baseline state. Secondary outcomes were an improvement in subjective sleep quality, sleep quality measured by night polysomnography and subjectively measured quality of life. Only ten studies met all the inclusion criteria. Eight were randomized controlled clinical trials, one was a prospective cohort study and another was a retrospective cohort study. Six studies were devoted to adult OSA and four to pediatric OSA. All included studies were assessed as "low risk of bias" based on the 12 bias risk criteria of the Cochrane Back Review Group. Based on the available evidence, RMO allows a significant reduction in AHI, up to 90.6% in children and up to 92.06% in adults. It significantly reduces the intensity and frequency of snoring, helps reduce daytime sleepiness, limits the recurrence of OSA symptoms after adenoamygdalectomy in children and improves adherence to PPC therapy. Passive RMO, with the assistance provided to the patient by wearing a custom orthosis, increases adherence to reeducation, significantly improves snoring intensity, AHI and significantly increases the upper airway. Published data show that orofacial myofunctional rééducation is effective in the multidisciplinary treatment of OSA in children, adolescents and adults and should be widely prescribed at several stages of OSA management. Passive RMO, with the pearl mandibular advancement orthosis designed by Michèle Hervy-Auboiron, helps to compensate for the frequent non-compliance observed during active RMO treatments.
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Interdisciplinary Weight Loss and Lifestyle Intervention for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Adults: Rationale, Design and Methodology of the INTERAPNEA Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092227. [PMID: 31540168 PMCID: PMC6770131 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), the most common sleep-disordered breathing related to neurocognitive and metabolic syndromes, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Although strongly recommended for this condition, there are no studies on the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary weight loss and lifestyle intervention including nutrition, exercise, sleep hygiene, and smoking and alcohol cessation. INTERAPNEA is a randomised controlled trial with a two-arm parallel design aimed at determining the effects of an interdisciplinary tailored weight loss and lifestyle intervention on OSA outcomes. The study will include 84 males aged 18–65 with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 and severe to moderate OSA randomly assigned to usual care (i.e., continuous positive airway pressure), or interdisciplinary weight loss and lifestyle intervention combined with usual care. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, intervention end-point, and six-month post-intervention, including apnoea-hypopnoea index (primary outcome), other neurophysical and cardiorespiratory polysomnographic outcomes, sleep quality, daily functioning and mood, body weight and composition, physical fitness, blood biomarkers, health-related quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. INTERAPNEA may serve to establish a cost-effective treatment not only for the improvement of OSA and its vast and severe comorbidities, but also for a potential remission of this condition.
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Torres-Castro R, Otto-Yáñez M, Fregonezi G, Vilaró J. Inspiratory muscle training in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep Breath 2019; 24:1663-1664. [PMID: 31376113 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-019-01911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Torres-Castro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Matías Otto-Yáñez
- School of Physical Therapy, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
| | - Guilherme Fregonezi
- PneumoCardioVascular Lab, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH) & Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jordi Vilaró
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Blanquerna, Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
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Dolezal BA, Boland DM, Neufeld EV, Martin JL, Cooper CB. Behavioral Modification Enhances the Benefits from Structured Aerobic and Resistance Training. Sports Med Int Open 2019; 3:E48-E57. [PMID: 31312715 PMCID: PMC6629998 DOI: 10.1055/a-0900-7501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral modification (BM) is a strategy designed to sustain or restore well-being through effects such as enhanced relaxation, reduced stress, and improved sleep. Few studies have explored the role of BM delivered in the context of fitness programs for healthy adults. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to examine whether BM combined with aerobic and resistance training programs would improve health and fitness measures more than the exercise training alone. Thirty-two healthy fitness club members (19 men) were randomized to receive a BM program (n=15) or an equal-attention (EA) control (n=17). BM consisted of twelve, 10-min education sessions between a trained fitness professional and the participant, coupled with weekly, individualized relaxation, stress reduction, and sleep improvement assignments. All participants engaged in 1 h of coached resistance training and remotely guided aerobic exercise thrice weekly for 12 weeks. Fitness measures (aerobic performance, body composition, muscle strength and endurance, lower-body power), sleep characteristics, and heart rate variability (HRV) were obtained at baseline and after the 12-week program. BM resulted in greater improvements in aerobic performance (increased maximum oxygen uptake, metabolic (lactate) threshold, and percent of maximum oxygen uptake at which metabolic threshold occurred), peak and average lower-body power, and body composition (decreased body fat percentage and fat mass) compared to EA. BM also positively influenced parasympathetic tone through increased High-frequency HRV. BM resulted in greater improvements in fitness measures, body composition, and heart rate variability compared with EA. These findings have intriguing implications regarding the role of BM in augmenting health and physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Dolezal
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Medicine, Physiology, Los Angeles, United States
| | - David M Boland
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Medicine, Physiology, Los Angeles, United States.,Army-Baylor University Doctoral Program, Physical Therapy, San Antonio, United States
| | - Eric V Neufeld
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Medicine, Physiology, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jennifer L Martin
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Medicine, Los Angeles, United States.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Medicine, Physiology, Los Angeles, United States
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a negative health outcome of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Risk factors associated with OSA development include low physical activity (PA), high body mass index (BMI), and increasing age (>50 years), and weight loss is usually recommended as treatment. This cross-sectional study examined the association between PA, BMI, and OSA severity in manual workers. Fifty-five participants (23 females and 32 males; mean age 55.2 years), were examined for OSA and completed a PA and anthropometric assessment. On average, OSA severity was mild, PA levels were moderate, and 32% of the sample was classified as obese. PA was negatively associated with OSA severity, but BMI strongly independently predicted OSA severity, with no evidence of mediation. As both PA and BMI were significantly associated with OSA in older manual workers, increasing PA should also be a focus of treatment for OSA.
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50
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Edwards BA, Bristow C, O'Driscoll DM, Wong AM, Ghazi L, Davidson ZE, Young A, Truby H, Haines TP, Hamilton GS. Assessing the impact of diet, exercise and the combination of the two as a treatment for OSA: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Respirology 2019; 24:740-751. [PMID: 31116901 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to provide an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on weight loss and the impact on the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). A systematic search of five databases between 1980 and May 2018 was used to identify all RCT which employed a lifestyle intervention (i.e. diet-only, exercise-only or combination of the two) aiming to reduce the severity of OSA (assessed using the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI)). Random-effects meta-analyses followed by meta-regression were conducted. Ten RCT involving 702 participants (Intervention group: n = 354; Control group: n = 348) were assessed in two meta-analyses. The weighted mean difference in AHI (-8.09 events/h, 95% CI: -11.94 to -4.25) and body mass index (BMI, -2.41 kg/m2 , 95% CI: -4.09 to -0.73) both significantly favoured lifestyle interventions over control arms. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that all interventions were associated with reductions in the AHI, but only the diet-only interventions were associated with a significant reduction in BMI. No association was found between the reduction in AHI or BMI and the length of the intervention, or with baseline AHI and BMI levels. All lifestyle interventions investigated appear effective for improving OSA severity and should be an essential component of treatment for OSA. Future research should be directed towards identifying subgroups likely to reap greater treatment benefits as well as other therapeutic benefits provided by these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Edwards
- Sleep and Circadian Medicine Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire Bristow
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Denise M O'Driscoll
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ai-Ming Wong
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ladan Ghazi
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zoe E Davidson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Young
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Truby
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terry P Haines
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Garun S Hamilton
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Lung and Sleep, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Monash Partners - Epworth, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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