1
|
Kim SY, Park SY, Kim JE. GULP1 deficiency reduces adipogenesis and glucose uptake via downregulation of PPAR signaling and disturbing of insulin/ERK signaling in 3T3-L1 cells. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31173. [PMID: 38214103 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders caused by alterations in lipid metabolism are major health issues in developed, affluent societies. Adipose tissue is the only organ that stores lipids and prevents lipotoxicity in other organs. Mature adipocytes can affect themselves and distant metabolism-related tissues by producing various adipokines, including adiponectin and leptin. The engulfment adaptor phosphotyrosine-binding domain-containing 1 (GULP1) regulates intracellular trafficking of glycosphingolipids and cholesterol, suggesting its close association with lipid metabolism. However, the role of GULP1 in adipocytes remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the function of GULP1 in adipogenesis, glucose uptake, and the insulin signaling pathway in adipocytes. A 3T3-L1 cell line with Gulp1 knockdown (shGulp1) and a 3T3-L1 control group (U6) were established. Changes in shGulp1 cells due to GULP1 deficiency were examined and compared to those in U6 cells using microarray analysis. Glucose uptake was monitored via insulin stimulation in shGulp1 and U6 cells using a 2-NBDG glucose uptake assay, and the insulin signaling pathway was investigated by western blot analysis. Adipogenesis was significantly delayed, lipid metabolism was altered, and several adipogenesis-related genes were downregulated in shGulp1 cells compared to those in U6 cells. Microarray analysis revealed significant inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling in shGulp1 cells compared with U6 cells. The production and secretion of adiponectin as well as the expression of adiponectin receptor were decreased in shGulp1 cells. In particular, compared with U6 cells, glucose uptake via insulin stimulation was significantly decreased in shGulp1 cells through the disturbance of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. This is the first study to identify the role of GULP1 in adipogenesis and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by adipocytes, thereby providing new insights into the differentiation and functions of adipocytes and the metabolism of lipids and glucose, which can help better understand metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yoon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Durrani Z, Kinnaird J, Cheng CW, Brühlmann F, Capewell P, Jackson A, Larcombe S, Olias P, Weir W, Shiels B. A parasite DNA binding protein with potential to influence disease susceptibility acts as an analogue of mammalian HMGA transcription factors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286526. [PMID: 37276213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens construct their environmental niche, and influence disease susceptibility, by deploying factors that manipulate infected host cell gene expression. Theileria annulata is an important tick-borne parasite of cattle that causes tropical theileriosis. Excellent candidates for modulating host cell gene expression are DNA binding proteins bearing AT-hook motifs encoded within the TashAT gene cluster of the parasite genome. In this study, TashAT2 was transfected into bovine BoMac cells to generate three expressing and three non-expressing (opposite orientation) cell lines. RNA-Seq was conducted and differentially expressed (DE) genes identified. The resulting dataset was compared with genes differentially expressed between infected cells and non-infected cells, and DE genes between infected cell lines from susceptible Holstein vs tolerant Sahiwal cattle. Over 800 bovine genes displayed differential expression associated with TashAT2, 209 of which were also modulated by parasite infection. Network analysis showed enrichment of DE genes in pathways associated with cellular adhesion, oncogenesis and developmental regulation by mammalian AT-hook bearing high mobility group A (HMGA) proteins. Overlap of TashAT2 DE genes with Sahiwal vs Holstein DE genes revealed that a significant number of shared genes were associated with disease susceptibility. Altered protein levels encoded by one of these genes (GULP1) was strongly linked to expression of TashAT2 in BoMac cells and was demonstrated to be higher in infected Holstein leucocytes compared to Sahiwal. We conclude that TashAT2 operates as an HMGA analogue to differentially mould the epigenome of the infected cell and influence disease susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Durrani
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Kinnaird
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chew Weng Cheng
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Francis Brühlmann
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul Capewell
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Jackson
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Larcombe
- School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Olias
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - William Weir
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Shiels
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hayashi M, Guida E, Inokawa Y, Goldberg R, Reis LO, Ooki A, Pilli M, Sadhukhan P, Woo J, Choi W, Izumchenko E, Gonzalez LM, Marchionni L, Zhavoronkov A, Brait M, Bivalacqua T, Baras A, Netto GJ, Koch W, Singh A, Hoque MO. GULP1 regulates the NRF2-KEAP1 signaling axis in urothelial carcinoma. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/645/eaba0443. [PMID: 32817372 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway results in the transactivation of NRF2 target genes, consequently inducing cell proliferation and other phenotypic changes in cancer cells. Here, we demonstrated that GULP1 was a KEAP1-binding protein that maintained actin cytoskeleton architecture and helped KEAP1 to sequester NRF2 in the cytoplasm. In urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB), silencing of GULP1 facilitated the nuclear accumulation of NRF2, led to constitutive activation of NRF2 signaling, and conferred resistance to the platinum drug cisplatin. Knockdown of GULP1 in UCB cells promoted tumor cell proliferation in vitro and enhanced tumor growth in vivo. In primary UCB, GULP1 silencing was more prevalent in muscle-invasive UCB compared to nonmuscle-invasive UCB. GULP1 knockdown cells showed resistance to cisplatin treatment. In parallel with decreased GULP1 expression, we observed increased expression of NRF2, HMOX1, and other candidate antioxidant genes in cisplatin-resistant cells. Furthermore, low or no expression of GULP1 was observed in most cisplatin nonresponder cases. Silencing of GULP1 was associated with GULP1 promoter hypermethylation in cell lines and primary tumors, and a high frequency of GULP1 promoter methylation was observed in multiple sets of primary clinical UCB samples. Together, our findings demonstrate that GULP1 is a KEAP1-binding protein that regulates KEAP1-NRF2 signaling in UCB and that promoter hypermethylation of GULP1 is a potential mechanism of GULP1 silencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Elisa Guida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Yoshikuni Inokawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Rachel Goldberg
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Leonardo O Reis
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Akira Ooki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Manohar Pilli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pritam Sadhukhan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Juhyung Woo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Woonyoung Choi
- Johns Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Leonel Maldonado Gonzalez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics-Gynecologic Specialties, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, B301, 1101 33rd Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mariana Brait
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Trinity Bivalacqua
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alexander Baras
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Wayne Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Anju Singh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mohammad O Hoque
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. .,Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|