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Shyllon S, Penfold S, Dalfsen R, Kirkness E, Hug B, Rowshanfarzad P, Devlin P, Tang C, Le H, Gorayski P, Grogan G, Kearvell R, Ebert MA. Dosimetric comparison of proton therapy and CyberKnife in stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver cancers. Phys Eng Sci Med 2024; 47:1203-1212. [PMID: 38809365 PMCID: PMC11408538 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-024-01440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been increasingly used for the ablation of liver tumours. CyberKnife and proton beam therapy (PBT) are two advanced treatment technologies suitable to deliver SBRT with high dose conformity and steep dose gradients. However, there is very limited data comparing the dosimetric characteristics of CyberKnife to PBT for liver SBRT. PBT and CyberKnife plans were retrospectively generated using 4DCT datasets of ten patients who were previously treated for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, N = 5) and liver metastasis (N = 5). Dose volume histogram data was assessed and compared against selected criteria; given a dose prescription of 54 Gy in 3 fractions for liver metastases and 45 Gy in 3 fractions for HCC, with previously published consensus-based normal tissue dose constraints. Comparison of evaluation parameters showed a statistically significant difference for target volume coverage and liver, lungs and spinal cord (p < 0.05) dose, while chest wall and skin did not indicate a significant difference between the two modalities. A number of optimal normal tissue constraints was violated by both the CyberKnife and proton plans for the same patients due to proximity of tumour to chest wall. PBT resulted in greater organ sparing, the extent of which was mainly dependent on tumour location. Tumours located on the liver periphery experienced the largest increase in organ sparing. Organ sparing for CyberKnife was comparable with PBT for small target volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Shyllon
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Scott Penfold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian Bragg Centre for Proton Therapy and Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ray Dalfsen
- PT Product Engineering, Elekta, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Elsebe Kirkness
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ben Hug
- 5D Clinics, Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Pejman Rowshanfarzad
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Cancer Research (CATCR), Perth, WA, Australia.
| | | | - Colin Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- 5D Clinics, Claremont, WA, Australia
| | - Hien Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian Bragg Centre for Proton Therapy and Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter Gorayski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian Bragg Centre for Proton Therapy and Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Garry Grogan
- Radiotherapy Physics, The Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Martin A Ebert
- School of Physics, Mathematics and Computing, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- 5D Clinics, Claremont, WA, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Cancer Research (CATCR), Perth, WA, Australia
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Ferini G, Zagardo V, Viola A, Aiello MM, Harikar MM, Venkataram T, Palmisciano P, Illari SI, Valenti V, Umana GE. Considerations on surgery invasiveness and response and toxicity patterns in classic palliative radiotherapy for acrometastases of the hand: a hint for a potential role of stereotactic body radiation therapy? A case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1146041. [PMID: 37441424 PMCID: PMC10335800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1146041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The rarity of hand acrometastases hampers the consensus-building for their optimal management among the involved oncology professionals. In the current literature, demolitive surgery overcomes the use of palliative radiotherapy, which proved to be ineffective in more than 30% of cases treated with classic palliative dose schemes, carrying also a not negligible radiation-related adverse event rate. Against this background, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) could emerge as a well-balanced therapeutic option. Case summary Here we describe the methods and outcomes of a SBRT treatment of a painful and function-limiting hand acrometastasis in a patient with a history of stage IIIB lung adenocarcinoma. We delivered a total dose of 30 Gy in five daily fractions to a soft-tissue metastasis abutting the fifth metacarpal bone through the SBRT protocol generally used for intracranial treatments. A few weeks later, the patient reported a clinical complete response with acrometastasis and pain disappearance, function recovery, and no significant toxicity. The acrometastasis was the first sign of an atypical cancer progression. Conclusions SBRT for hand acrometastases is feasible and might have the best therapeutic profile among the currently available treatment options for this rare clinical scenario. Larger investigations are needed to confirm the present single-case experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ferini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, REM Radioterapia Srl, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Valentina Zagardo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, REM Radioterapia Srl, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Anna Viola
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fondazione Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo (IOM), Viagrande, Italy
| | - Marco Maria Aiello
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Policlinico San Marco, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Tejas Venkataram
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Palmisciano
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Salvatore Ivan Illari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fondazione Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo (IOM), Viagrande, Italy
| | - Vito Valenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, REM Radioterapia Srl, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Emmanuele Umana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
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Parisi S, Ferini G, Lillo S, Brogna A, Chillari F, Ferrantelli G, Settineri N, Santacaterina A, Platania A, Leotta S, Casablanca G, Russo A, Pontoriero A, Adamo V, Minutoli F, Bottari A, Cacciola A, Pergolizzi S. Stereotactic boost on residual disease after external-beam irradiation in clinical stage III non-small cell lung cancer: mature results of stereotactic body radiation therapy post radiation therapy (SBRTpostRT) study. LA RADIOLOGIA MEDICA 2023:10.1007/s11547-023-01659-w. [PMID: 37294366 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-023-01659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) delivered after external-beam fractionated irradiation in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with clinical stage III A, B. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) or intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) (60-66 Gy/30-33 fractions of 2 Gy/5 days a week) with or without concomitant chemotherapy. Within 60 days from the end of irradiation, a SBRT boost (12-22 Gy in 1-3 fractions) was delivered on the residual disease. RESULTS Here we report the mature results of 23 patients homogeneously treated and followed up for a median time of 5.35 years (range 4.16-10.16). The rate of overall clinical response after external beam and stereotactic boost was 100%. No treatment-related mortality was recorded. Radiation-related acute toxicities with a grade ≥ 2 were observed in 6/23 patients (26.1%): 4/23 (17.4%) had esophagitis with mild esophageal pain (G2); in 2/23 (8.7%) clinical radiation pneumonitis G2 was observed. Lung fibrosis (20/23 patients, 86.95%) represented a typical late tissue damage, which was symptomatic in one patient. Median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 27.8 (95% CI, 4.2-51.3) and 56.7 months (95% CI, 34.9-78.5), respectively. Median local progression-free survival (PFS) was 17 months (range 11.6-22.4), with a median distant PFS of 18 months (range 9.6-26.4). The 5-year actuarial DFS and OS rates were 28.7% and 35.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We confirm that a stereotactic boost after radical irradiation is feasible in stage III NSCLC patients. All fit patients who have no indication to adjuvant immunotherapy and presenting residual disease after curative irradiation could benefit from stereotactic boost because outcomes seem to be better than might be historically assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Parisi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ferini
- REM Radioterapia Srl, Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Viagrande, Catania, Italy
| | - Sara Lillo
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Anna Brogna
- Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Federico Chillari
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Ferrantelli
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Pontoriero
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Minutoli
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Bottari
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Cacciola
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Pergolizzi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Ferini G, Zagardo V, Critelli P, Santacaterina A, Sava S, Harikar MM, Venkataram T, Umana GE, Viola A, Valenti V, Forte S. Introducing Radiotherapy in Metastatic Merkel Cell Carcinoma Patients with Limited Progression on Avelumab: An Effective Step against Primary and Secondary Immune Resistance? J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050841. [PMID: 37241012 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the ability of radiotherapy (RT) to prolong progression-free survival (PFS) and to report treatment-related toxicities among oligoprogressive metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (mMCC) patients on avelumab. METHODS We retrospectively collected clinical data on mMCC patients who underwent radiotherapy for limited progression on avelumab. Patients were categorized as primary or secondary immune refractory depending on the time of onset of resistance to immunotherapy (at the first or subsequent follow-up visits after avelumab initiation). Pre- and post-RT PFS were calculated. Overall survival (OS) from the first progression treated with RT was also reported. Radiological responses and toxicities were evaluated according to the irRECIST criteria and RTOG scoring system, respectively. RESULTS Eight patients, including five females, with a median age of 75 years, met our inclusion criteria. The median gross tumor and clinical target volumes at first progression on avelumab were 29.85 cc and 236.7 cc, respectively. The treatment sites included lymph node, skin, brain, and spine metastases. Four patients received more than one course of RT. Most patients were treated with palliative radiation doses (mainly 30 Gy in 3 Gy/day fractions). Two patients were treated with stereotactic RT. Five/eight patients were primary immune refractory. The objective response rate at the first post-RT assessment was 75%, whereas no local failure was reported. The median pre-RT PFS was 3 months. The pre-RT PFS was 37.5% at 6 months and 12.5% at 1 year. The median post-RT PFS was not reached. The post-RT PFS was 60% at 6 months and 1 year. The post-RT OS was 85.7% at 1 year and 64.3% at 2 years. No relevant treatment-related toxicity was observed. After a median follow-up of 18.5 months, 6/8 patients are still alive and continuing on avelumab therapy. CONCLUSIONS Adding radiotherapy to mMCC patients with limited progression on avelumab seems to be safe and effective in prolonging the successful use of immunotherapy, regardless of the type of immune refractoriness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ferini
- REM Radioterapia srl, Via Penninazzo 11, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | | | - Paola Critelli
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Santacaterina
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Papardo Teaching Hospital, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Sava
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Mandara Muralidhar Harikar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Tejas Venkataram
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Emmanuele Umana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Viola
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Vito Valenti
- REM Radioterapia srl, Via Penninazzo 11, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
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Abstract
During the past 30 years, several advances have been made allowing for safer and more effective treatment of patients with liver cancer. This report reviews recent advances in radiation therapy for primary liver cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. First, studies focusing on liver stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) are reviewed focusing on lessons learned and knowledge gained from early pioneering trials. Then, new technologies to enhance SBRT treatments are explored including adaptive therapy and MRI-guided and biology-guided radiation therapy. Finally, treatment with Y-90 transarterial radioembolization is reviewed with a focus on novel approaches focused on personalized therapy.
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Tang C, Gong C, Liu B, Guo H, Dai Z, Yuan J, Wang X, Zhang Y. Feasibility and dosimetric evaluation of single- and multi-isocentre stereotactic body radiation therapy for multiple liver metastases. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1144784. [PMID: 37188200 PMCID: PMC10175834 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1144784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Single-isocentre volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) improves treatment efficiency and patient compliance for patients with multiple liver metastases (MLM). However, the potential increase in dose spillage to normal liver tissue using a single-isocentre technique has not yet been studied. We comprehensively evaluated the quality of single- and multi-isocentre VMAT-SBRT for MLM and propose a RapidPlan-based automatic planning (AP) approach for MLM SBRT. Methods A total of 30 patients with MLM (two or three lesions) were selected for this retrospective study. We manually replanned all patients treated with MLM SBRT by using the single-isocentre (MUS) and multi-isocentre (MUM) techniques. Then, we randomly selected 20 MUS and MUM plans for training to generate the single-isocentre RapidPlan model (RPS) and the multi-isocentre RapidPlan model (RPM). Finally, we used data from the remaining 10 patients to validate RPS and RPM. Results Compared with MUS, MUM reduced the mean dose delivered to the right kidney by 0.3 Gy. The mean liver dose (MLD) was 2.3 Gy higher for MUS compared with MUM. However, the monitor units, delivery time, and V20Gy of normal liver (liver-gross tumour volume) for MUM were significantly higher than for MUS. Based on validation, RPS and RPM slightly improved the MLD, V20Gy, normal tissue complications, and dose sparing to the right and left kidneys and spinal cord compared with manual plans (MUS vs RPS and MUM vs RPM), but RPS and RPM significantly increased monitor units and delivery time. Conclusions The single-isocentre VMAT-SBRT approach could be used for MLM to reduce treatment time and patient comfort at the cost of a small increase in the MLD. Compared with the manual plans, RapidPlan-based plans, especially RPS, have slightly improved quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Tang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Changfei Gong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Changfei Gong, ; Yun Zhang,
| | - Biaoshui Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailiang Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhongyang Dai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Changfei Gong, ; Yun Zhang,
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Parisi S, Lillo S, Cacciola A, Ferini G, Valenti V, Viola A, Santacaterina A, Platania A, Brogna A, Tamburella C, Pergolizzi S. Non-stereotactic radiotherapy in older cancer patients. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09593. [PMID: 35706953 PMCID: PMC9189877 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Old or very old oncological patients represent a heterogeneous and frail population due to concomitant comorbidities. Whether radiotherapy alone or in combination with novel cancer drugs may provide a clear benefit in this setting of patients is still a matter of debate. The aim of our review is to analyze the evaluation process and the different therapeutic possibilities in older cancer patients, focusing on the different and most disparate applications of radiotherapy. We reviewed the most recent literature on radiotherapy in older patients providing clinical evidence of treatment related toxicity, tolerance and outcomes using standard fractionated and/or hypofractionated irradiation alone or in combination with chemotherapy, targeted and immunotherapy. In older cancer patients unfit for systemic therapy or surgery, radiotherapy represents a valid therapeutic approach, both with curative and palliative intents, ensuring excellent patient compliance in terms of local toxicity and adherence to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Parisi
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Lillo
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Cacciola
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ferini
- Radiation Oncology Unit - REM Radioterapia, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Vito Valenti
- Radiation Oncology Unit - REM Radioterapia, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Anna Viola
- Radiation Oncology Unit - REM Radioterapia, Viagrande, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Brogna
- Medical Physics Unit, A.O.U. "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Consuelo Tamburella
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Pergolizzi
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Menichelli C, Casamassima F, Aristei C, Ingrosso G, Borghesi S, Arcidiacono F, Lancellotta V, Franzese C, Arcangeli S. Stereotactic radiotherapy for liver oligometastases. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2022; 27:32-39. [PMID: 35402041 PMCID: PMC8989451 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.a2021.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is the first metastatic site in 15–25% of colorectal cancer patients and one of the first metastatic sites for lung and breast cancer patients. A computed tomography (CT ) scan with contrast medium is a standard procedure for assessing liver lesions but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characterizes small lesions better thanks to its high soft-tissue contrast. Positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT ) plays a complementary role in the diagnosis of liver metastases. Triphasic (arterial, venous and time-delayed) acquisition of contrast-medium CT images is the first step in treatment planning. Since the liver exhibits a relatively wide mobility due to respiratory movements and bowel filling, appropriate techniques are needed for target identification and motion management. Contouring requires precise recognition of target lesion edges. Information from contrast MRI and/or PET-CT is crucial as they best visualize metastatic disease in the parenchyma. Even though different fractionation schedules were reported, doses and fractionation schedules for liver stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT ) have not yet been established. The best local control rates were obtained with BED10 values over 100 Gy. Local control rates from most retrospective studies, which were limited by short follow-ups and included different primary tumors with intrinsic heterogeneity, ranged from 60% to 90% at 1 and 2 years. The most common SRT-related toxicities are increases in liver enzymes, hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Overall, late toxicity is mild even in long-term follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cynthia Aristei
- Radiation Oncology Section, University of Perugia and Perugia General Hospital, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ingrosso
- Radiation Oncology Section, University of Perugia and Perugia General Hospital, Italy
| | - Simona Borghesi
- Radiation Oncology Unit of Arezzo-Valdarno, Azienda USL Toscana Sud Est, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Lancellotta
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, UOC di Radioterapia, Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche, Radioterapiche ed Ematologiche, Roma, Italy
| | - Ciro Franzese
- Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Arcangeli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Policlinico S. Gerardo and University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Ferini G, Palmisciano P, Forte S, Viola A, Martorana E, Parisi S, Valenti V, Fichera C, Umana GE, Pergolizzi S. Advanced or Metastatic Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Current and Future Role of Radiation Therapy in the Era of Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1871. [PMID: 35454779 PMCID: PMC9032290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is an effective therapeutic option for small localized cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) among patients who are not eligible for or refuse surgery. RT also has a defined role as an adjuvant treatment in cases of adverse features that predispose to tumor recurrence after local excision. Since the development of cSCC is often a late consequence of chronic sun exposure, its occurrence is more common among elderly patients whose comorbidities may contraindicate surgical procedures. These could be impeded not only by frail medical conditions but also by technical issues. Indeed, an aggressive locoregional behavior of cSCC may culminate in unresectability due to widespread invasion of neighboring tissues. Moreover, cSCC could develop distant metastases. Both locally advanced and metastatic cSCCs carry a poor prognosis. In these scenarios, recent discoveries of tumor molecular targets are promoting the use of promising systemic therapies, especially immunotherapy, over RT. However, the results from using immunotherapy and, even more so, of chemotherapy are still not optimal. By contrast, advances in radiation delivery equipment can safely treat even large and complex-shaped cSCC targets in challenging body sites. In addition, RT could also have a role in metastatic cSCC settings by enhancing the effectiveness of concomitant immunotherapy. The aim of this review is to summarize and comment on the body of literature about the use of radiotherapy for operable and inoperable locally advanced cSCCs and for metastatic ones in an attempt to define its current and future role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ferini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, REM Radioterapia srl, Via Penninazzo 11, 95029 Viagrande, Italy;
| | | | - Stefano Forte
- IOM Ricerca srl, Via Penninazzo 11, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (S.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Anna Viola
- Fondazione Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, 95029 Viagrande, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Martorana
- IOM Ricerca srl, Via Penninazzo 11, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (S.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Silvana Parisi
- Radiation Oncology Unit—Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Vito Valenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, REM Radioterapia srl, Via Penninazzo 11, 95029 Viagrande, Italy;
| | - Corrado Fichera
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, 95029 Viagrande, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Emmanuele Umana
- Trauma and Gamma-Knife Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Stefano Pergolizzi
- Radiation Oncology Unit—Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (S.P.); (S.P.)
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10
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Ferini G, Castorina P, Valenti V, Illari SI, Sachpazidis I, Castorina L, Marrale M, Pergolizzi S. A Novel Radiotherapeutic Approach to Treat Bulky Metastases Even From Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Its Rationale and a Look at the Reliability of the Linear-Quadratic Model to Explain Its Radiobiological Effects. Front Oncol 2022; 12:809279. [PMID: 35280772 PMCID: PMC8904747 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.809279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a very rare condition. The lack of definition of an oligometastatic subgroup means that there is no consensus for its treatment, unlike the mucosal head and neck counterpart. Like the latter, the cutaneous form is able to develop bulky tumor masses. When this happens, the classic care approach is just for palliative intent due to a likely unfavorable benefit–risk balance typical of aggressive treatments. Here we proposed a novel radiotherapy (RT) technique to treat bulky metastases from cSCC in the context of an overall limited tumor burden and tried to explain its clinical outcome by the currently available mathematical radiobiological and ad hoc developed models. Methods We treated a case of facial cSCC with three metastases: two of them by classic stereotactic RT and the other by lattice RT supported by metabolic imaging (18F-FDG PET) due to its excessively large dimensions. For the latter lesion, we compared four treatment plans with different RT techniques in order to define the best approach in terms of normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) and tumor control probability (TCP). Moreover, we developed an ad hoc mathematical radiobiological model that could fit better with the characteristics of heterogeneity of this bulky metastasis for which, indeed, a segmentation of normoxic, hypoxic, and necrotic subvolumes might have been assumed. Results We observed a clinical complete response in all three disease sites; the bulky metastasis actually regressed more rapidly than the other two treated by stereotactic RT. For the large lesion, NTCP predictions were good for all four different plans but even significantly better for the lattice RT plan. Neither the classic TCP nor the ad hoc developed radiobiological models could be totally adequate to explain the reported outcome. This finding might support a key role of the host immune system. Conclusions PET-guided lattice RT might be safe and effective for the treatment of bulky lesions from cSCC. There might be some need for complex mathematical radiobiological models that are able to take into account any immune system’s role in order to explain the possible mechanisms of the tumor response to radiation and the relevant key points to enhance it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ferini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, REM Radioterapia srl, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Paolo Castorina
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Viagrande, Italy.,Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare, Catania, Italy
| | - Vito Valenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, REM Radioterapia srl, Viagrande, Italy
| | | | - Ilias Sachpazidis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Research & Development, Medical Innovation and Technology P. C., Mesolongi, Greece
| | - Luigi Castorina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, REM Radioterapia srl, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marrale
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, "Emilio Segrè" ATeN Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Pergolizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
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11
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Parisi S, Ferini G, Cacciola A, Lillo S, Tamburella C, Santacaterina A, Bottari A, Brogna A, Ferrantelli G, Pontoriero A, Minutoli F, Pergolizzi S. A non-surgical COMBO-therapy approach for locally advanced unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: preliminary results of a prospective study. LA RADIOLOGIA MEDICA 2022; 127:214-219. [PMID: 35034325 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-021-01441-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this short report we present a series of thirteen patients with locally advanced, unresectable, pancreatic cancer treated with a COMBO-Therapy consisting of: STEP-1: induction chemotherapy; STEP-2: concomitant chemoradiotherapy; STEP-3: stereotactic body radiotherapy boost. After four weeks from the end of each step all patients had a re-staging and a surgical re-evaluation. All patients completed STEP-1 and STEP-2. STEP-3 has been successfully delivered to 8/13 patients with a median dose of 12 Gy (range 10-21 Gy) in 1-3 fractions. The median LC was 20 months (range 10-32) with a 2-year LC of 72.9%, and none of the patients developed G3 acute or late toxicities. The median OS was 21.5 months (range 12-34), and the 2-year OS was 53.9%; the median PFS was 17.5 months (range 10-27). Our non-surgical COMBO-Therapy has demonstrated a feasible profile with good tolerance. Further prospective protocols are needed to confirm our preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Parisi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Cacciola
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Lillo
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Consuelo Tamburella
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Bottari
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Brogna
- Unit of Medical Physics, University Hospital Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Ferrantelli
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Pontoriero
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Minutoli
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Pergolizzi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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12
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Tian W, Hao S, Wang L, Chen Y, Li Z, Luo D. Pyrotinib treatment enhances the radiosensitivity in HER2-positive brain metastatic breast cancer patients. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:e622-e627. [PMID: 34407046 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a common cause of death in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Currently, it is mainly treated by whole-brain radiotherapy. Pyrotinib is an irreversible pan-ErbB inhibitor, which has demonstrated promising tumor-suppressing activity and acceptable tolerance in previous phase trials. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of pyrotinib on HER2-positive brain metastatic breast cancer patients treated with whole-brain radiotherapy. A total of 20 such patients were separated into pyrotinib plus capecitabine and capecitabine-only groups in a 1:1 ratio. All patients met either the primary or secondary endpoints. Oral admission of pyrotinib together with radiotherapy can significantly increase the overall response rate, progression-free survival, time to progression and duration of response of HER2+ brain metastatic breast cancer patients, without causing extra adverse events. In addition, pyrotinib can enhance the radiosensitivity of in-vitro cultured HER2+ breast cancer cell lines. The outcome of our study suggests that pyrotinib might be an effective medication to enhance the tumor radiosensitivity of HER2-positive brain metastatic breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuguo Tian
- Department of Breast, Thyroid surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Ferini G, Viola A, Valenti V, Tripoli A, Molino L, Marchese VA, Illari SI, Rita Borzì G, Prestifilippo A, Umana GE, Martorana E, Mortellaro G, Ferrera G, Cacciola A, Lillo S, Pontoriero A, Pergolizzi S, Parisi S. Whole Brain Irradiation or Stereotactic RadioSurgery for five or more brain metastases (WHOBI-STER): A prospective comparative study of neurocognitive outcomes, level of autonomy in daily activities and quality of life. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2021; 32:52-58. [PMID: 34926839 PMCID: PMC8649107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of MBM treatment is to palliate neurological symptoms and to maintain an adequate QoL. SRT could be the “new standard” over WBI in the management of MBM patients. Neurocognitive functions could deteriorate more after WBI than after SRT.
Aims To evaluate neurocognitive performance, daily activity and quality of life (QoL), other than usual oncologic outcomes, among patients with brain metastasis ≥5 (MBM) from solid tumors treated with Stereotactic Brain Irradiation (SBI) or Whole Brain Irradiation (WBI). Methods This multicentric randomized controlled trial will involve the enrollment of 100 patients (50 for each arm) with MBM ≥ 5, age ≥ 18 years, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≥ 70, life expectancy > 3 months, known primary tumor, with controlled or controllable extracranial disease, baseline Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score ≥ 20/30, Barthel Activities of Daily Living score ≥ 90/100, to be submitted to SBI by LINAC with monoisocentric technique and non-coplanar arcs (experimental arm) or to WBI (control arm). The primary endpoints are neurocognitive performance, QoL and autonomy in daily-life activities variations, the first one assessed by MoCa Score and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, the second one through the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL and QLQ-BN-20 questionnaires, the third one through the Barthel Index, respectively. The secondary endpoints are time to intracranial failure, overall survival, retreatment rate, acute and late toxicities, changing of KPS. It will be considered significant a statistical difference of at least 30% between the two arms (statistical power of 80% with a significance level of 95%). Discussion Several studies debate what is the decisive factor accountable for the development of neurocognitive decay among patients undergoing brain irradiation for MBM: radiation effect on clinically healthy brain tissue or intracranial tumor burden? The answer to this question may come from the recent technological advancement that allows, in a context of a significant time saving, improved patient comfort and minimizing radiation dose to off-target brain, a selective treatment of MBM simultaneously, otherwise attackable only by WBI. The achievement of a local control rate comparable to that obtained with WBI remains the fundamental prerequisite. Trial registration NCT number: NCT04891471.
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Key Words
- 3D-CRT, 3Dimensional-ConformalRadioTherapy
- Autonomy in daily activities
- BSC, Best Supportive Care
- Brain metastases
- CRF, Case Report Form
- CT, Computerized Tomography
- CTV, Clinical Target Volume
- EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 for Palliative Care
- FSRT, Fractionated Stereotactic Radiation Therapy
- GTV, Gross Tumor Volume
- KPS, Karnofsky Performance Status
- LINAC, Linear Accelerator
- MBM, Multiple Brain Metastastes
- MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment
- NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network
- Neurocognitive decay
- Neurocognitive performance
- Neurocognitive tests
- OAR, Organ At Risk
- OS, Overall Survival
- PTV, Planning Target Volume
- Palliative care
- QLQ-BN20, Quality of Life Questionnaire - Brain Neoplasm 20
- QoL, Quality of Life
- Quality of life
- RT, Radiation Therapy
- RTOG, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group
- Radiotherapy for multiple brain metastases
- SBI, Stereotactic Brain Irradiation
- SRS, Stereotactic RadioSurgery
- SRT, Stereotactic Radiation Therapy
- Stereotactic Brain RadioSurgery
- Stereotactic Brain Radiotherapy
- Supportive care in cancer patients
- VEGF, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- Whole Brain Radiotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Viola
- Fondazione IOM, Viagrande, I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Vito Valenti
- REM Radioterapia srl, Viagrande, I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Laura Molino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali Università di Messina, I-98100 Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Angela Prestifilippo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, I-95029 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Emmanuele Umana
- Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Cannizzaro Hospital, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Mortellaro
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ARNAS Ospedale Civico, I-90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferrera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ARNAS Ospedale Civico, I-90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Cacciola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali Università di Messina, I-98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Lillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali Università di Messina, I-98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Pontoriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali Università di Messina, I-98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Pergolizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali Università di Messina, I-98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali Università di Messina, I-98100 Messina, Italy
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Radiotherapy in Current Neuro-Oncology: There Is Still Much to Reveal. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121412. [PMID: 34947942 PMCID: PMC8706956 DOI: 10.3390/life11121412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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15
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Ferini G, Molino L. Hypothesis of a decision-making algorithm for adjuvant radiotherapy in left-sided breast cancer patients. Tech Innov Patient Support Radiat Oncol 2021; 20:64-65. [PMID: 34988301 PMCID: PMC8710978 DOI: 10.1016/j.tipsro.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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16
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Parisi S, Napoli I, Lillo S, Cacciola A, Ferini G, Iatì G, Pontoriero A, Tamburella C, Davì V, Pergolizzi S. Spine eburnation in a metastatic lung cancer patient treated with immunotherapy and radiotherapy. The first case report of bystander effect on bone. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021; 28:237-241. [PMID: 34233544 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211027348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is nowadays treated with a multimodal therapeutic approach including immunotherapy, targeted therapy and radiotherapy. Radiation therapy, in addition to immune checkpoint inhibitors, gives rise to a particular radiobiological effect known as "bystander effect" consisting of the radiation-induced damage in nearby unirradiated cells. CASE REPORT We report a case of a 79-year-old female patient with stage IV NSCLC treated with concomitant immuno-radiotherapy who showed a bystander effect on bone.Management and outcome: Primary tumour biopsy revealed an adenocarcinoma with a PDL1 expression >50%, while staging exams showed a right pulmonary lesion with a partial involvement of the contiguous rib and a single brain metastasis. The patient refused chemotherapy, so that Pembrolizumab 2 mg/Kg was administered every 3 weeks. After two administrations, the single brain metastasis was treated using stereotactic radiosurgery while the site of primitive lung cancer received an 8 Gy-single fraction 3 D-conformal radiotherapy. Three months after irradiation a chest CT showed a radiological remission of about 10% of the GTV and a partial eburnation of the vertebra located nearby the target volume. The CT images of a PET/CT at six months showed a complete vertebral eburnation. At the last follow-up, the patient was free of disease (brain MRI, spinal MRI and PET/CT). DISCUSSION The present case alerts for unusual side effects provoked by bystander phenomenon in patients treated with a combination of immunotherapy and irradiation. Immune activation exacerbates the bystander effect causing normal tissues toxicities beyond what immunotherapies are causing by themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Parisi
- Fondazione Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Catania, Italy
| | - Ilenia Napoli
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Lillo
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Cacciola
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ferini
- REM Radioterapia srl, Fondazione Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Iatì
- Radiation Oncology Unit, A.O.U. "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | | | - Consuelo Tamburella
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Valerio Davì
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Pergolizzi
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Radiation Oncology Unit, A.O.U. "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
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Ferini G, Valenti V, Tripoli A, Illari SI, Molino L, Parisi S, Cacciola A, Lillo S, Giuffrida D, Pergolizzi S. Lattice or Oxygen-Guided Radiotherapy: What If They Converge? Possible Future Directions in the Era of Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133290. [PMID: 34209192 PMCID: PMC8268715 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Palliative radiotherapy has a great role in the treatment of large tumor masses. However, treating a bulky disease could be difficult, especially in critical anatomical areas. In daily clinical practice, short course hypofractionated radiotherapy is delivered in order to control the symptomatic disease. Radiation fields generally encompass the entire tumor mass, which is homogeneously irradiated. Recent technological advances enable delivering a higher radiation dose in small areas within a large mass. This goal, previously achieved thanks to the GRID approach, is now achievable using the newest concept of LATTICE radiotherapy (LT-RT). This kind of treatment allows exploiting various radiation effects, such as bystander and abscopal effects. These events may be enhanced by the concomitant use of immunotherapy, with the latter being ever more successfully delivered in cancer patients. Moreover, a critical issue in the treatment of large masses is the inhomogeneous intratumoral distribution of well-oxygenated and hypo-oxygenated areas. It is well known that hypoxic areas are more resistant to the killing effect of radiation, hence the need to target them with higher aggressive doses. This concept introduces the "oxygen-guided radiation therapy" (OGRT), which means looking for suitable hypoxic markers to implement in PET/CT and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Future treatment strategies are likely to involve combinations of LT-RT, OGRT, and immunotherapy. In this paper, we review the radiobiological rationale behind a potential benefit of LT-RT and OGRT, and we summarize the results reported in the few clinical trials published so far regarding these issues. Lastly, we suggest what future perspectives may emerge by combining immunotherapy with LT-RT/OGRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ferini
- REM Radioterapia, Viagrande, I-95029 Catania, Italy; (V.V.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-789-4581
| | - Vito Valenti
- REM Radioterapia, Viagrande, I-95029 Catania, Italy; (V.V.); (A.T.)
| | | | | | - Laura Molino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali Università di Messina, I-98100 Messina, Italy; (L.M.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvana Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali Università di Messina, I-98100 Messina, Italy; (L.M.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Alberto Cacciola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali Università di Messina, I-98100 Messina, Italy; (L.M.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Lillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali Università di Messina, I-98100 Messina, Italy; (L.M.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Dario Giuffrida
- Medical Oncology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, I-95029 Catania, Italy;
| | - Stefano Pergolizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali Università di Messina, I-98100 Messina, Italy; (L.M.); (S.P.); (A.C.); (S.L.); (S.P.)
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18
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Tai MZ, Wang YP, Chen T, Li KL, Xu ZG, Ge CX, Qin ZP, Zheng JW. Venous malformations with severe localized intravascular coagulopathy treated with microwave ablation. Vascular 2021; 30:779-786. [PMID: 34144653 DOI: 10.1177/17085381211026829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and feasibility of microwave ablation for treating venous malformations (VMs) with severe localized intravascular coagulopathy (LIC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Data for patients with the diagnosis of VMs coupled with severe LIC who underwent color Doppler-guided microwave dynamic ablation between January 2017 and June 2019 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. All patients had previously received sclerotherapy or other treatments with poor outcomes and gradual aggravation of coagulation abnormalities. Microwave treatment with "dynamic ablation" was performed with real-time color Doppler monitoring and was repeated if necessary after 3 months. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was used to control consumptive coagulopathy. The therapeutic efficacy including coagulation function and lesion size was evaluated using the four-level scale developed by Achauer. RESULTS Among 15 patients with extensive diffuse or multiple VMs, 10 patients presented with lesions in a single lower extremity, one in both lower extremities and the perineum, one in both upper extremities and the trunk, and three with multiple lesions. The patients underwent a total of 74 microwave ablation sessions, with an average of 4.9 sessions per person. Coagulation abnormalities were temporarily aggravated in 59 sessions within the first seven days post-ablation but improved to grade II (fair) a week later. From six months to three years after the ablation, the lesions improved to grade IV (excellent) in one patient, grade III (good) in six patients, and grade II (fair) in eight patients. Moreover, the coagulation function improved to grade IV in four patients, grade III in eight patients, and grade II in three patients, resulting in an efficiency rate of 80% (12/15). Post-ablation complications included fever, hemoglobinuria, and elevations in aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine aminotransferase. The patients with fever and hemoglobinuria recovered after specific therapeutic measures, but elevations in aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine aminotransferase recovered spontaneously without further interventions. CONCLUSIONS Ablation coupled with anticoagulation can effectively treat VMs in patients with severe LIC and improve the long-term coagulation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Zhong Tai
- Special Department of Vascular Anomalies, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Special Department of Vascular Anomalies, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Special Department of Vascular Anomalies, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Ke-Lei Li
- Special Department of Vascular Anomalies, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Xu
- Special Department of Vascular Anomalies, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Ge
- Special Department of Vascular Anomalies, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Qin
- Special Department of Vascular Anomalies, Linyi Cancer Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Jia-Wei Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Ferini G, Cacciola A, Parisi S, Lillo S, Molino L, Tamburella C, Davi V, Napoli I, Platania A, Settineri N, Iati G, Pontoriero A, Pergolizzi S, Santacaterina A. Curative Radiotherapy in Elderly Patients With Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: The Prognostic Role of Sarcopenia. In Vivo 2021; 35:571-578. [PMID: 33402511 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To evaluate the impact of sarcopenia in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) elderly patients submitted to curative radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received radiotherapy between 2013 and 2018, and the skeletal muscle index was calculated to classify them as sarcopenic or non-sarcopenic. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS), 90-day mortality and toxicity. RESULTS A total of 28 patients with a median age of 85 years met our inclusion criteria and 8 of them were sarcopenic. With a median prescribed dose of 61 Gy and a median follow-up of 24.5 months, OS rates in the sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic groups were 100% and 84.4% at 3 months, 57.1% and 56.6% at 12 months, 38.1% and 50.3% at 24 months and 38.1% and 33.5% at 48 months, respectively; the CSS rates were 100% and 94.1% at 3 months and 68.6% and 88.2% at 12, 24 and 48 months, respectively. The actuarial 90-day mortality rate was 17.9% for the whole cohort, and 20% and 12.5% for the non-sarcopenic and sarcopenic groups, respectively. The radio-induced toxicity was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Sarcopenia cannot be considered a negative prognostic factor for MIBC elderly patients treated with external beam radiotherapy. Irradiation is therefore a feasible and effective choice for these patients, especially if unfit for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Cacciola
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvana Parisi
- Fondazione Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Catania, Italy
| | - Sara Lillo
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy;
| | - Laura Molino
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Consuelo Tamburella
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Valerio Davi
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ilenia Napoli
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Iati
- Radiation Oncology Unit, A.O.U. "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Pergolizzi
- Radiation Oncology Unit - Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Radiation Oncology Unit, A.O.U. "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
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Dosimetric comparison of dynamic conformal arc integrated with segment shape optimization and variable dose rate versus volumetric modulated arc therapy for liver SBRT. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:667-677. [PMID: 32565744 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim is a dosimetric comparison of dynamic conformal arc integrated with the segment shape optimization and variable dose rate (DCA_SSO_VDR) versus VMAT for liver SBRT and interaction of various treatment plan quality indices with PTV and degree of modulation (DoM) for both techniques. Material Twenty-five patients of liver SBRT treated using the VMAT technique were selected. DCA_SSO_VDR treatment plans were also generated for all patients in Monaco TPS using the same objective constraint template and treatment planning parameters as used for the VMAT technique. For comparison purpose, organs at risk (OARs) doses and treatment plans quality indices, such as maximum dose of PTV (Dmax%), mean dose of PTV (Dmean%), maximum dose at 2 cm in any direction from the PTV (D2cm%), total monitor units (MU's), gradient index R50%, degree of modulation (DoM), conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), and healthy tissue mean dose (HTMD), were compared. Results Significant dosimetric differences were observed in several OARs doses and lowered in VMAT plans. The D2cm%, R50%, CI, HI and HTMD are dosimetrically inferior in DCA_SSO_VDR plans. The higher DoM results in poor dose gradient and better dose gradient for DCA_SSO_VDR and VMAT treatment plans, respectively. Conclusions For liver SBRT, DCA_SSO_VDR treatment plans are neither dosimetrically superior nor better alternative to the VMAT delivery technique. A reduction of 69.75% MU was observed in DCA_SSO_VDR treatment plans. For the large size of PTV and high DoM, DCA_SSO_VDR treatment plans result in poorer quality.
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