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Ayala Romera EV, Sánchez Santos RM, Fenzi G, García Méndez JA, Díaz Agea JL. Emergency First Responders' Misconceptions about Suicide: A Descriptive Study. NURSING REPORTS 2024; 14:777-787. [PMID: 38651472 PMCID: PMC11036193 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep14020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2022, suicide was the second leading cause of external death in Spain (the first among young people aged 15-29 years). This study aims to analyze the presence of myths among emergency first responders and identify the most prevalent false beliefs among them. METHODS The research is a observational and descriptive study carried out using a questionnaire composed of a total of 25 myths, with the response options being true or false. A total of 543 professionals took part in the study. All of them could intervene before, during, and after a suicide attempt. RESULTS The main finding of the study is that more than 50% of the participants accept as true the statement "There are more serious and less serious problems", underlining the idea that caring for patients could be related to the importance the health professional gives to the patients' problem. Myths such as "The suicidal person wants to die" and "The suicidal person is determined to die" are also evident. CONCLUSION The subjective thought the first responder has about suicide could affect their acts, and there is a need to train first responders in suicidal behavior to be able to create an adequate approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulio Fenzi
- Faculty of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), 30107 Murcia, Spain; (E.V.A.R.); (J.A.G.M.)
| | | | - Jose Luis Díaz Agea
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Edificio LAIB/DEPARTAMENTAL, El Palmar-Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
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Rodríguez-Blanco L, Carballo JJ, de León S, Baca-García E. User profiles of electronic ecological momentary assessment in outpatient child and adolescent mental health services. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 16:5-10. [PMID: 32446867 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Electronic ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can provide precise information regarding day-to-day functioning of patients overcoming some of the limitations of usual clinical evaluation; however adherence to this methodology might be a major threat. Research and application of EMA concerning clinical settings remains scant. Our goal was to study the user profiles of EMA in a clinical sample of adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS 209 adolescents following an outpatient mental health treatment accepted to use EMA. They were evaluated in different sociodemographic and clinical variables as well as the use that they made of EMA. RESULTS 39.7% of patients were considered users and 60.3% non-active users. Certain self-harm behaviours were more common in the group of active users, while hyperkinetic disorders were more common in the group of non-active users. A regression analysis revealed that non-suicidal self-injury (OR=2.99) and hyperkinetic disorders (OR=0.51) were related to the use of EMA. CONCLUSION This preliminary study adds novel and promising information about EMA use in clinical practice. Adolescents with self-harm behaviours EMA seem more prone to use this tool. Our study provides support for actively monitoring self-harm behaviours with EMA. Future studies might consider a comprehensive analysis of adherence and EMA data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Rodríguez-Blanco
- General Hospital of Villalba, Carretera de Alpedrete a Moralzarzal M-608 Km 41, 28400 Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan J Carballo
- Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Madrid Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Baca-García
- General Hospital of Villalba, Carretera de Alpedrete a Moralzarzal M-608 Km 41, 28400 Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital, Av. de los Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Infanta Elena University Hospital, Av. de los Reyes Católicos 21, 28342 Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain; Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Madrid Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile; Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, France
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Ordóñez-Carrasco JL, Cuadrado Guirado I, Rojas Tejada A. Scale of psychological pain: Spanish adaptation of the Psychache Scale in young adults. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2022; 15:196-204. [PMID: 36184539 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsmen.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychological pain is understood as an intolerable and disturbing mental state characterized by an internal experience of negative emotions. This study was aimed at making a Spanish adaptation of the Psychache Scale by Holden and colleagues in a sample of young adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS The scale evaluates psychological pain as a subjective experience. It is composed of 13 items with a Likert-type response format. Following the guidelines of the International Tests Commission for the adaptation of the test, we obtained a version conceptually and linguistically equivalent to the original scale. Through an online questionnaire, participants completed the psychological pain scale along with other scales to measure depression (BDI-II), hopelessness (Beck's scale of hopelessness) and suicide risk (Plutchik suicide risk scale). The participants were 234 people (94 men, 137 women and three people who identified as a different sex) from 18 to 35 years old. RESULTS The EFA showed a one-factor solution, and the FCA revealed adequate indexes of adjustment to the unifactorial model. It also showed good reliability of the test scores. The evidence of validity of the scale in relation to the other variables showed high, positive and statistically significant correlations with depression, hopelessness, suicidal ideation and suicidal risk. CONCLUSION In summary, this Spanish adaptation of the Psychache Scale could contribute to improving the evaluation of both the patient with suicide risk and the effectiveness of psychological therapy, as well as suicidal behaviour prevention and intervention.
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How do adolescents with Adjustment Disorder cope with stressful situations? Relationship with suicidal risk. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2020; 13:63-72. [PMID: 30558955 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the role of coping in relation to suicidal risk in adolescents with Adjustment Disorder (AD). The present study aimed to assess the relation between suicidal ideation and intention and coping strategies in a clinical sample of adolescents with AD, paying special attention to gender differences. MATERIAL AND METHOD Self-reported questionnaires about suicidal ideation and intention and coping strategies were administered to 108 adolescents with an AD diagnosis. RESULTS Compared with the normative population, adolescents with an AD diagnosis made more use of Acceptance-Resignation (an avoidance-type coping strategy) and less use of Positive Reappraisal (an approach-type coping strategy). Nevertheless, gender introduced some peculiarities. A relationship was observed between the use of certain coping strategies and suicidal ideation and intention, but with notable differences depending on gender: significant and high correlations were found between these two variables in AD boys, both in the total approach score (r=.53, p<.01) and in the total avoidant score (r=.60, p<.01), with coping strategies explaining 41% of suicidal ideation and intention; in girls, in contrast, the only significant relationship was with an avoidant strategy, Emotional Discharge (r=.25, p<.05), although it had low explanatory power. CONCLUSIONS Coping strategies must be taken into consideration when assessing and treating adolescents with AD at risk of suicide, especially in the case of boys. The absence of association between coping strategies and suicidal risk in girls is discussed, and some therapeutic proposals are presented.
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Abstract
Efforts in research, prevention, and treatment of suicidal behavior have produced mixed results. One of the main barriers to combating suicidal behavior lies in the very conceptualization of suicide, a phenomenon that is at once sociological, psychiatric, and even philosophical, and one that has not always been included in the field of health care. There are also many barriers at the social level, ranging from stigma against people with suicidal behavior to stigma towards psychiatric care, as well as the controversial role of the media. The media plays an important role in society and depending on its attitude it can be either beneficial or harmful in our fight against suicidal behavior. Differences between countries - in the provision of resources, in the way of understanding the phenomenon or in the manner of providing official figures - pose an additional challenge to suicide prevention on a global level. In the field of research, predicting suicidal behavior by identifying effective risk markers is severely hampered by the low occurrence of suicide in the population, which limits the statistical power of studies. The authors recommend combining various risk factors to build predictive models. This, in addition to employing increasingly precise machine learning techniques, is a step in the right direction, although there is still a long way to go before the expected results can be obtained. Finally, adequate training of health professionals, both specialized and non-specialized, as well as gatekeeper training, is crucial for implementing suicide prevention strategies in the population.
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Towards an Explanatory Model of Suicidal Ideation: The Effects of Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies, Affectivity and Hopelessness. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 22:E43. [DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2019.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Suicide constitutes a public health problem that has a significant economic, social and psychological impact on a global scale. Recently, the American Psychological Association has indicated that suicide prevention should be a public health priority. Suicidal ideation appears as a key variable in suicide prevention. The objective of this research was to verify the adjustment of an explanatory model for suicidal ideation, which considers the effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, affectivity and hopelessness. An open mode on-line sample of 2,166 Argentine participants was used and a path analysis was carried out. The results make it possible to conclude that the model presents an optimal fit (χ2 = .10, p = .75, CFI = .99, RMSEA = .01) and predicts 42% of suicidal thoughts. The model proves to be invariant based on age and gender. In conclusion, there is an importance of reducing the use of automatic strategies, such as repetitive negative thoughts of ruminative type, and increasing the use of more controlled strategies, such as reinterpretation or planning.
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Ordóñez-Carrasco JL, Cuadrado Guirado I, Rojas Tejada A. Scale of psychological pain: Spanish adaptation of the Psychache Scale in young adults. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2019; 15:S1888-9891(19)30051-5. [PMID: 31171488 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychological pain is understood as an intolerable and disturbing mental state characterized by an internal experience of negative emotions. This study was aimed at making a Spanish adaptation of the Psychache Scale by Holden and colleagues in a sample of young adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS The scale evaluates psychological pain as a subjective experience. It is composed of 13 items with a Likert-type response format. Following the guidelines of the International Tests Commission for the adaptation of the test, we obtained a version conceptually and linguistically equivalent to the original scale. Through an online questionnaire, participants completed the psychological pain scale along with other scales to measure depression (BDI-II), hopelessness (Beck's scale of hopelessness) and suicide risk (Plutchik suicide risk scale). The participants were 234 people (94 men, 137 women and three people who identified as a different sex) from 18 to 35 years old. RESULTS The EFA showed a one-factor solution, and the FCA revealed adequate indexes of adjustment to the unifactorial model. It also showed good reliability of the test scores. The evidence of validity of the scale in relation to the other variables showed high, positive and statistically significant correlations with depression, hopelessness, suicidal ideation and suicidal risk. CONCLUSION In summary, this Spanish adaptation of the Psychache Scale could contribute to improving the evaluation of both the patient with suicide risk and the effectiveness of psychological therapy, as well as suicidal behaviour prevention and intervention.
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Suicide mortality trends in Spain, 1980-2016. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2018; 13:57-62. [PMID: 30301678 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse changes in suicide mortality trends in Spain between 1980-2016 using joinpoint regression models. METHODS Mortality data were obtained from the INE. For each gender, age-group-specific and standardised (overall and truncated) rates (ASR) were calculated by the direct method (using the European standard population). The joinpoint analysis was used to identify the best-fitting points where a statistically significant change in the trend occurred. RESULTS Age adjusted mortality rates due to suicide in men was 9.8/100,000 males in 1980 and 11.8 in 2016, with an average annual increase of .8%. In women, the rates increased by 1.0% per year from 2.7 women per 100,000 in 1980 to 3.7 in 2016. The joinpoint analysis identified three turning points in the rates for both men (1986, 2000 and 2010) and women (1986, 2004 and 2010), which identify changes in the trend. In the period 2010-2016 the rates increase in women while in men the rates remain stable. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows a marked increase in mortality by suicide in Spanish women (2010-2016) while in men the rates remain stable. Little is known about the determinants of the increase and, therefore, more studies are needed.
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Velasco Á, Rodríguez-Revuelta J, de la Fuente-Tomás L, Fernández-Peláez AD, Dal Santo F, Jiménez-Treviño L, Abad I, González-Blanco L, García-Portilla MP, Saiz PA. Is the alteration in emotional recognition a specific risk factor of suicide attempt? REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2018; 12:196-198. [PMID: 30076122 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Velasco
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España.
| | - Julia Rodríguez-Revuelta
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | | | | | - Francesco Dal Santo
- Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - Luis Jiménez-Treviño
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - Iciar Abad
- Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - Leticia González-Blanco
- Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Asturias, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), España
| | - María Paz García-Portilla
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Asturias, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), España
| | - Pilar Alejandra Saiz
- Área de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España; Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Asturias, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), España
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Martínez-Alés G, Mascayano F, Bravo-Ortiz MF. Suicide: Contexts and persons. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2018; 12:253-254. [PMID: 30057286 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Martínez-Alés
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
| | - Franco Mascayano
- Escuela Mailman de Salud Pública, Universidad de Columbia, Nueva York, EE. UU
| | - María Fe Bravo-Ortiz
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
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