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He Z, Yang S, Xiao J. Development and evaluation of an indirect ELISA based on recombinant structural protein σC to detect antibodies against avian orthoreovirus. J Virol Methods 2021:114399. [PMID: 34871629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The avian orthoreovirus (ARV) causes large economic losses to poultry industry around the whole world. ARV viral proteins can be classified into three sizes: λ (large), μ (medium) and σ (small). σC, one of the capsid protein of ARV, contains various specific neutralizing epitopes and can induce robust immune responses in infected chickens. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) was established using the recombinant σC protein. The optimal dilutions of antigen, serum and conjugate goat anti-chicken IgY conjugate were 2.5 μg/ml, 1:80 and 1:4000, respectively. The optimal antigen coating condition was 4℃ for overnight. Hyperimmune serum of high-yielding hens of different age produced stronger reaction against σC. Chicken serum samples were randomly collected and total coincidence rate between commercial kit and σC-ARV-ELISA kit was 97.8%. Importantly, those discrepant serums were further verified using Western blot assay and three of them were determined to be positive. Thus, the method based on σC protein has higher sensitivity compared with the commercial kit and provide a rapid and simple method for serodiagnosis of ARV, contributing to convenient epidemiological monitoring of ARV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sirui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Biologics and Chemical Drugs, Beijing, 100095, China.
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Majumder S, Chauhan TKS, Nandi S, Goswami PP, Tiwari AK, Dhama K, Mishra BP, Kumar D. Development of a recombinant σB protein based dot-ELISA for the diagnosis of avian reovirus (ARV). J Virol Methods 2018; 257:69-72. [PMID: 29660384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) causes significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The ARV proteins fall into three different classes based on their sizes:λ (large); μ (medium) and σ (small). σB, an outer capsid protein of the ARV contains group specific neutralizing epitopes and induces strong immune response in naturally infected chickens. This study describes the development of a rapid dot-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) using recombinant σB protein antigen of 54 kDa (approx). The assay is rapid (4-5 h) and results can be read by the naked eye. Sixteen ARV positive serum samples (group A) produced strong reaction in the dot-ELISA while twenty of the ARV negative serum samples (group B) collected from SPF chickens showed no reaction. Seventy six randomly collected serum samples were tested with a commercial indirect ELISA kit and the in-house developed dot-ELISA. A total of sixty eight serum samples were found to be positive by indirect ELISA and sixty five serum samples were found to be positive by dot-ELISA. Therefore, using the commercial ELISA as the reference test, the dot-ELISA had a diagnostic sensitivity of 83.8% and specificity of 88.6%. This dot-ELISA can be used as a simple, reliable and inexpensive alternative to commercial ELISA kits for serodiagnosis of ARV where the facilities for standard ELISA are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Majumder
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD), Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, U.P., India
| | - Tapan K S Chauhan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, U.P., India
| | - Sukdeb Nandi
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis (CADRAD), Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, U.P., India
| | - Purushottam P Goswami
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, U.P., India
| | - Ashok K Tiwari
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, U.P., India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Avian Disease Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 U.P., India
| | - Bishnu P Mishra
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, U.P., India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, U.P., India.
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Goldenberg D, Lublin A, Rosenbluth E, Heller ED, Pitcovski J. Differentiating infected from vaccinated animals, and among virulent prototypes of reovirus. J Virol Methods 2011; 177:80-6. [PMID: 21762731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Birds are most susceptible to infection by avian reovirus, genus Orthoreovirus family Reoviridae, at a young age. Although chicks are protected by antibodies transferred from vaccinated maternal flocks, due to the many variants in the field, the efficiency of the vaccines is limited. The level of antibodies against viruses is generally determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using the whole virus as the antigen. This has some disadvantages: first, the test measures antibodies against all capsid proteins, most of which are irrelevant for neutralizing the virus, and as such does not reflect the real protection status; second, it is impossible to distinguish between vaccine- and infection-derived antibodies. In the case of a virus that changes frequently, a third disadvantage is the inability to distinguish among serotypes. The aim of this study was to develop a test that would address these concerns. Four prototypes of the avian reovirus protein sigma C were used as antigens on the ELISA plate. Sigma C is the main protein inducing neutralizing antibodies and the most variable among strains and isolates, and it is used for reovirus classification. This differentiating ELISA enabled distinguishing between vaccine and field strains of the virus, identifying the infection source, and in the case of vaccination, exclusively determining the level of protective antibodies. Whereas the whole virus detected antibodies against all strains, differentiating ELISA enabled differentiating between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) and in most cases, identifying the sigma C genotype. In a field study, a correlation was found between disease symptoms and antibodies identified against virulent strains in the flock. Thus virulent strains can be identified in the field, enabling adjustment of the relevant vaccines.
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Xie Z, Qin C, Xie L, Liu J, Pang Y, Deng X, Xie Z, Khan MI. Recombinant protein-based ELISA for detection and differentiation of antibodies against avian reovirus in vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens. J Virol Methods 2010; 165:108-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yang ZJ, Wang CY, Lee LH, Chuang KP, Lien YY, Yin HS, Tong DW, Xu XG, Liu HJ. Development of ELISA kits for antibodies against avian reovirus using the σC and σB proteins expressed in the methyltropic yeast Pichia pastoris. J Virol Methods 2010; 163:169-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hsu CJ, Wang CY, Lee LH, Shih WL, Chang CI, Cheng HL, Chulu JLC, Ji WT, Liu HJ. Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against avian reovirus σC protein and their application in detection of avian reovirus isolates. Avian Pathol 2007; 35:320-6. [PMID: 16854646 DOI: 10.1080/03079450600823386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Avian reovirus (ARV) is a non-enveloped virus with a segmented double-stranded RNA genome surrounded by a double icosahedral capsid shell. ARVs are associated with viral arthritis, immunosuppression, and enteric diseases in poultry. The sigma C protein was involved in induction of apoptosis and neutralization antibody. In the present study, sigma C-His protein was expressed in Sf9 insect cells and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Eight monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against sigma C-His and three mAbs against His were screened from hybridoma cells produced by fusion of splenocytes from immunized mice with NS1 myeloma cells. Among the eight mAbs against sigma C protein, all belonged to the IgG isotype except three for IgM. It was discovered that all anti-His mAbs were mixtures of IgG and IgM isotypes. mAbs reacted with sigma C-His protein in a conformation-independent manner based on dot blot and western blotting assays. The competitive binding assay indicated that all mAbs recognized the same epitope on sigma C protein that was conserved in different isolates. Compared with the commercial anti-ARV S1133 polyclonal antibody, mAb (D15) had universal reactivity to all serotypes or genotypes of ARVs tested. This monoclonal antibody may therefore be useful for the development of an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection of field isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien J Hsu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Lin YL, Shen JH, Lee LH. A monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibody production against avian reovirus protein sigmaA. J Virol Methods 2006; 136:71-7. [PMID: 16730382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An assay protocol based on a monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAb-based c-ELISA) for detection of antibody against avian reovirus protein sigmaA in chicken is described. After the conditions for MAb-based c-ELISA had been optimized, sera collected from birds that received live and inactivated avian reovirus vaccines in different combinations were tested for antibody response against virus protein sigmaA. The results show a high level of antibody against sigmaA was in both vaccinated specific pathogenic free (SPF) and vaccinated commercially reared birds as long as one of the vaccines administered was in an inactivated form. The high level of antibody production is indicated by a high percentage inhibition (PI) values in the sera of the birds; but no antibody production was found in birds which received live vaccine only, as indicated by the low PI values. In serum samples from SPF birds receiving vaccines that include an inactivated form of the vaccine, there is a good correlation between the PI values and serum neutralizing antibody (SN) titers. Again, this correlation was not observed in birds that received only live vaccine. The PI values of commercially reared birds receiving inactivated vaccine were significantly different from those of the mock-treated birds, but this was not the case when the birds received only live vaccine. Taken together, the results suggest that MAb-based c-ELISA may provide an alternative choice for determining the immune status of a vaccinated chicken flock as long as one of the vaccines used was inactivated, and thus would allow a more precise way to predict the appropriate time for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ling Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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