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Ambrose RK, Gravel JL, Commins MA, Fowler EV, Mahony TJ. In Vivo Characterisation of Five Strains of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus 1 (Subgenotype 1c). Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7010012. [PMID: 29351201 PMCID: PMC5874738 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (BVDV-1) is strongly associated with several important diseases of cattle, such as bovine respiratory disease, diarrhoea and haemoragic lesions. To date many subgenotypes have been reported for BVDV-1, currently ranging from subgenotype 1a to subgenotype 1u. While BVDV-1 has a world-wide distribution, the subgenotypes have a more restricted geographical distribution. As an example, BVDV-1 subgenotypes 1a and 1b are frequently detected in North America and Europe, while the subgenotype 1c is rarely detected. In contrast, BVDV-1 subgenotype 1c is by far the most commonly reported in Australia. Despite this, uneven distribution of the biological importance of the subgenotypes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to characterise the in vivo properties of five strains of BVDV-1 subgenotype 1c in cattle infection studies. No overt respiratory signs were reported in any of the infected cattle regardless of strain. Consistent with other subgenotypes, transient pyrexia and leukopenia were commonly identified, while thrombocytopenia was not. The quantity of virus detected in the nasal secretions of transiently infected animals suggested the likelihood of horizontal transmission was very low. Further studies are required to fully understand the variability and importance of the BVDV-1 subgenotype 1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Ambrose
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Animal Science, Dutton Park 4102, Australia.
| | - Jennifer L Gravel
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Animal Science, Dutton Park 4102, Australia.
| | - Margaret A Commins
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Animal Science, Dutton Park 4102, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth V Fowler
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Animal Science, Dutton Park 4102, Australia.
| | - Timothy J Mahony
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
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Glotov AG, Glotova TI, Koteneva SV, Semenova OV, Sergeev AA, Titova KA, Morozova AA, Sergeev AA. Virulent Properties of Russian Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Strains in Experimentally Infected Calves. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:7034509. [PMID: 27190687 PMCID: PMC4848454 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7034509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The results of experimental study of three noncytopathic and two cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strains isolated from cattle in the Siberian region and belonging to the type 1 (subtypes 1a, 1b, and 1d) have been presented. All investigated strains caused the development of infectious process in the seronegative 4-6-month-old calves after aerosol challenge with the dose of 6 log10 TCID50. The greatest virulence had noncytopathic strain and cytopathic strain related to the subtypes 1d and 1b, respectively. All strains in infected calves caused some signs of moderate acute respiratory disease and diarrhea: depression 3-5 days postinfection (p.i.), refusal to food, severe hyperthermia to 41.9°С, serous exudate discharges from the nasal cavity and eyes, transient diarrhea with blood, leukopenia (up to 2700 cells/mm(3)), and macroscopic changes in the respiratory organs and intestine. The infected animals recovered from 12 to 15 days p.i. and in 90% cases formed humoral immune response 25 days p.i. (antibody titers to BVDV: 1 : 4-1 : 16). Our results confirmed the presence of virulent BVDV1 strains and showed the need for researches on the molecular epidemiology of the disease, development of more effective diagnostic systems, and optimization of control programs with use of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Glotov
- Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and the Far East, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Region 630501, Russia
| | - Tatyana I. Glotova
- Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and the Far East, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Region 630501, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Koteneva
- Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and the Far East, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Region 630501, Russia
| | - Olga V. Semenova
- Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and the Far East, Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk Region 630501, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Sergeev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Ksenya A. Titova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Morozova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
| | - Artemiy A. Sergeev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region 630559, Russia
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Grissett GP, White BJ, Larson RL. Structured literature review of responses of cattle to viral and bacterial pathogens causing bovine respiratory disease complex. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:770-80. [PMID: 25929158 PMCID: PMC4895424 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an economically important disease of cattle and continues to be an intensely studied topic. However, literature summarizing the time between pathogen exposure and clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion is minimal. A structured literature review of the published literature was performed to determine cattle responses (time from pathogen exposure to clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion) in challenge models using common BRD viral and bacterial pathogens. After review a descriptive analysis of published studies using common BRD pathogen challenge studies was performed. Inclusion criteria were single pathogen challenge studies with no treatment or vaccination evaluating outcomes of interest: clinical signs, shedding, and seroconversion. Pathogens of interest included: bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV‐1), parainfluenza‐3 virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, Pastuerella multocida, and Histophilus somni. Thirty‐five studies and 64 trials were included for analysis. The median days to the resolution of clinical signs after BVDV challenge was 15 and shedding was not detected on day 12 postchallenge. Resolution of BHV‐1 shedding resolved on day 12 and clinical signs on day 12 postchallenge. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus ceased shedding on day 9 and median time to resolution of clinical signs was on day 12 postchallenge. M. haemolytica resolved clinical signs 8 days postchallenge. This literature review and descriptive analysis can serve as a resource to assist in designing challenge model studies and potentially aid in estimation of duration of clinical disease and shedding after natural pathogen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Grissett
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - B J White
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - R L Larson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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Kulangara V, Joseph A, Thrithamarassery N, Sivasailam A, Kalappurackal L, Mattappillil S, Syam R, Mapranath S. Epidemiology of bovine viral diarrhoea among tropical small holder dairy units in Kerala, India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:575-9. [PMID: 25616984 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea among 385 dairy cattle reared under a small holder system in Trichur District of Kerala State in India was determined through an ELISA targeting antibodies against p80-p125 non-structural protein of the virus. Prevalence was 24.7% among the total population, but was higher (52%) when 85 animals having infertility problems alone were considered. Significant serum biochemistry differences between animals could be noticed only in total protein, globulin and phosphorous, all of which were low in seropositive animals. All animals which were seronegative for antibodies were screened by another ELISA targeting the E(rns) protein of the viral nucleocapsid to detect persistently infected (PI) animals. The single, positive animal had only a transient period of antigens in the blood, indicating absence of PI animals in the study population. High prevalence of the disease in isolated small holder units even in the absence of PI animals is discussed in view of identifying the common source of infection and initiating control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodkumar Kulangara
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Trichur, Kerala, India,
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Samson HC, Topliff CL, Donis RO, Kelling CL. Comparison of viral replication and IFN response in alpaca and bovine cells following bovine viral diarrhea virus infection. Virology 2011; 413:111-7. [PMID: 21356540 PMCID: PMC7111994 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alpacas develop diminished disease following bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection compared to cattle. We hypothesized that alpaca and bovine cells have differential permissiveness and responses to BVDV infection. To characterize alpaca testicular (AT) and bovine turbinate (BT) cells BVDV infection permissiveness, viral replication and interferon (IFN) synthesis was evaluated. BVDV replicated 3–4 logs lower in AT cells with diminished antigen deposition compared to BT cells. BVDV infection inhibited IFN response in both AT and BT cells. Compared to BT cells, BVDV-infected AT cells had a 2–5 fold increase in IFN synthesis following dsRNA stimulation. The greater IFN response of AT cells compared to BT cells following poly I:C stimulation with or without ncp BVDV infection, may be the basis for the decreased BVDV permissiveness of AT cells and may contribute to the clinical differences following BVDV infection of alpacas and cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Samson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, East Campus Loop and Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583–0905, USA
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Development and evaluation of a MAb based competitive-ELISA using helicase domain of NS3 protein for sero-diagnosis of bovine viral diarrhea in cattle and buffaloes. Res Vet Sci 2008; 85:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mishra N, Vilcek S, Rajukumar K, Dubey R, Tiwari A, Galav V, Pradhan HK. Identification of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 in yaks (Bos poephagus grunniens) in the Himalayan region. Res Vet Sci 2008; 84:507-10. [PMID: 17663013 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since cattle are widely infected by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in India, we searched for pestivirus infection in yaks. Of 71 pure and crossbred yaks from Himalayan region, pestivirus antigen was detected by Ag-ELISA in three animals. Pestivirus in leukocyte and cell culture isolated virus samples originating from positive yaks was also confirmed by RT-PCR using panpestivirus specific primers selected from 5'-untranslated region (5' UTR). The 5' UTR, N(pro) and E2 regions were sequenced and used for genetic typing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that pestiviruses detected in three Himalayan yaks were similar genetically, belonging to BVDV-1. Antigenic characterisation of yak pestivirus also confirmed the typing as BVDV-1. This is the first report on the identification of BVDV type 1 in yaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mishra
- High Security Animal Disease Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Anand Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 021, India.
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