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Sisson D, Beechler B, Jabbar A, Jolles A, Hufschmid J. Epidemiology of Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale infections in African buffalo ( Syncerus caffer) from Kruger National Park, South Africa. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 21:47-54. [PMID: 37124669 PMCID: PMC10140747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Image 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Sisson
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Brianna Beechler
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Magruder Hall, 700 SW 30th St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - Anna Jolles
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Magruder Hall, 700 SW 30th St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Cordley Hall, 3029, 2701 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jasmin Hufschmid
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
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Siddiki AZ, Alam S, Tithi FA, Hoque SF, Sajib EH, Bin Hossen FF, Hossain MA. Construction of a multi-epitope in silico vaccine against Anaplasma Marginale using immunoinformatics approach. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 50:102706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Molecular and recombinant characterization of major surface protein 5 from Anaplasma marginale. Acta Trop 2021; 220:105933. [PMID: 33895143 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the intracellular rickettsia Anaplasma marginale, which affects cattle and other ruminants in both tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and also causing tremendous economic losses due to decreasing livestock production. The major surface protein 5 (MSP5) of A. marginale is an immunodominant and highly conserved protein encoding by a single gene. In the present study, the complete full-length of the msp5 coding sequence of A. marginale Thailand strain was cloned and determined at a size of 633 bp. Phylogenetic analysis based on neigh-joining (NJ) method showed that the msp5 sequence Thailand strains were clearly distributed in 3rd clade and conserved when compared with other strains. The results showed 9 haplotypes of the msp5 genes, and the entropy analysis of MSP5 amino acid sequences displayed 92 high entropy peaks with value ranging from 0.198 to 0.845 Additionally, a recombinant MSP5 of A. marginale (rAmMSP5) was over-expressed in the E. coli BL21 Star™ (DE3) host cell, affinity purified, and found in SDS-PAGE at a molecular weight of 26 kDa. The antigenicity of rAmMSP5 (26 kDa) and AmMSP5 (19 kDa) was recognized by rabbit anti-rAmMSP5 antisera and A. marginale-infected cattle sera. Both rAmMSP5 and AmMSP5 were perceived by these sera manifesting that recombinant and native AmMSP5 have conserved epitopes. Immunofluorescence technique using rabbit anti-rAmMSP5 antisera exhibited that the AmMSP5 is distributed on both the membrane and the outside of infected erythrocytes. Therefore, the recombinant MSP5 could be used for the development of immunodiagnostic assays and vaccine purposes for controlling anaplasmosis.
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Junsiri W, Watthanadirek A, Poolsawat N, Kaewmongkol S, Jittapalapong S, Chawengkirttikul R, Anuracpreeda P. Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Anaplasma marginale based on the major surface protein genes in Thailand. Acta Trop 2020; 205:105338. [PMID: 31953063 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anaplasma marginale is the rickettsial agent of anaplasmosis, a tick-borne disease, which affects cattle and other ruminants in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, and causing huge economic losses because of decreasing meat and milk production. In the present study, molecular methods have been used to determine the occurrence and genetic diversity of A. marginale, based on the genes encoding the major surface proteins (msps) genes, in blood samples from 520 cattle and 121 buffaloes in the north and northeastern regions of Thailand. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results based on the msp4 gene indicated that 66 (10.30%) cattle were positive for A. marginale, whereas no positive result was obtained from buffaloes. The phylogenetic analysis based on the maximum likelihood method using 13, 29 and 27 nucleotide sequences from msp2, msp4, msp5 clones, respectively, revealed that the sequences detected in this study are obviously distributed in different clusters. The sequence analysis demonstrated that msp2 gene is genetically diverse, while msp4 and msp5 genes are conserved in Thailand. These findings corroborated the diversity analysis of the same sequences, which showed 13, 27 and 27 haplotypes of the msp2, msp4 and msp5 genes, respectively. In addition, the entropy analyses of amino acid sequences exhibited 127, 75 and 51 high entropy peaks with values ranging from 0.27119 to 2.45831, from 0.14999 to 2.17552 and from 0.15841 to 1.05453 for MSP2, MSP4 and MSP5, respectively. Therefore, the results indicate a low molecular occurrence of A. marginale in cattle blood samples in Thailand. From these results; however, a high degree of genetic diversity was observed in the analyzed A. marginale population. Hence, our finding could be used to improve the immunodiagnostics and vaccination programs for anaplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witchuta Junsiri
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Amaya Watthanadirek
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Napassorn Poolsawat
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sarawan Kaewmongkol
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | | | | | - Panat Anuracpreeda
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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Cangussu ASR, Mariúba LAM, Lalwani P, Pereira KDES, Astolphi-Filho S, Orlandi PP, Epiphanio S, Viana KF, Ribeiro MFB, Silva HM, Marinho CRF, Nogueira PA. A hybrid protein containing MSP1a repeats and Omp7, Omp8 and Omp9 epitopes protect immunized BALB/c mice against anaplasmosis. Vet Res 2018; 49:6. [PMID: 29351812 PMCID: PMC5775529 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma marginale (A. marginale) has a remarkable impact on livestock production, and an effective vaccine is not currently available due to the inexistence of a small animal model. Recently, BALB/c mice were successfully infected with A. marginale, resulting in an acute and persistent anaplasmosis infection. Here, we designed a hybrid protein containing repeats of polypeptide 1a from major surface protein-1 complex (MSP1a) repeats and common epitopes of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) OMP7, OMP8 and OMP9 expressed in Escherichia coli. Our proof-of-concept assessed vaccinal effectiveness against a challenge with live bacteria. The MSP1a/OMP7/8/9 immunized BALB/C mice exhibited a strong reduction in rickettsemia and had no signs of anaplasmosis or hepatic lesions. In contrast, the non-immunized mice exhibited signs of anaplasmosis and a body weight loss associated with increases in monocyte and neutrophil counts. Furthermore, the non-immunized mice displayed atrophies with chronic inflammatory infiltrates in the spleen and increased binucleation and hydropic degeneration in the hepatocytes. Our findings demonstrated that immunization with our hybrid protein induced a strong reduction in rickettsemia and conferred protection against anaplasmosis. Therefore, given the strong evidence of the protective effect against anaplasmosis, hybrid protein designs are potential candidates for the rational design of vaccinal subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Sander R Cangussu
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas-Programa de pós-graduação em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Manaus, AM/Brasil, Brazil. .,Universidade Federal do Tocantins-Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Gurupi, TO/Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Luis André M Mariúba
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Pritesh Lalwani
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas/Brazil, Brazil
| | | | - Spartaco Astolphi-Filho
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas-Programa de pós-graduação em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Manaus, AM/Brasil, Brazil
| | - Patricia P Orlandi
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Kelvison F Viana
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins-Engenharia de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia, Gurupi, TO/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Mucio Flavio B Ribeiro
- Departamento de Parasitologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Hidelberto M Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário Unirg, Gurupi, Tocantins/Brazil, Brazil
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Departamento de Parasitologia do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Nogueira
- Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane-Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas/Brazil, Brazil
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Gasparini MR, Vieira RFDC, Nascimento DAGD, Garcia JL, Vidotto O, Vidotto MC. Immune response of calves inoculated with proteins of Anaplasma marginale bound to an immunostimulant complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 22:253-9. [PMID: 23856733 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612013000200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite our current knowledge of the immunology, pathology, and genetics of Anaplasma marginale, prevention in cattle is currently based on old standbys, including live attenuated vaccines, antibiotic treatment, and maintaining enzootic stability in cattle herds. In the present study, we evaluated the use of an immunostimulant complex (ISCOMATRIX) adjuvant, associated with a pool of recombinant major surface proteins (rMSP1a, rMSP1b, rMSP4 and rMSP5) to improve the humoral immune response triggered in calves mainly by IgG2. Ten calves were divided in three groups: 4 calves were inoculated with the ISCOMATRIX/rMSPs (G1); 2 calves were inoculated with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant (G2); and 4 calves received saline (G3). Three inoculations were administered at 21-day intervals. In G1, the calves showed significant increases in total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 levels 21 days after the second inoculation, compared to the control group (p < 0.05), and G1 calves remained above the cut-off value 28 days after the third inoculation (p < 0.05). The post-immunized sera from calves in G1 reacted specifically for each of the rMSPs used. In conclusion, the ISCOMATRIX/rMSPs induced antigen-specific seroconversion in calves. Therefore, additional testing to explore the protection induced by rMSPs, both alone and in conjunction with proteins previously identified as subdominant epitopes, is warranted.
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Epitope-based vaccines with the Anaplasma marginale MSP1a functional motif induce a balanced humoral and cellular immune response in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60311. [PMID: 23579784 PMCID: PMC3620323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine anaplasmosis is a hemoparasitic disease that causes considerable economic loss to the dairy and beef industries. Cattle immunized with the Anaplasma marginale MSP1 outer membrane protein complex presents a protective humoral immune response; however, its efficacy is variable. Immunodominant epitopes seem to be a key-limiting factor for the adaptive immunity. We have successfully demonstrated that critical motifs of the MSP1a functional epitope are essential for antibody recognition of infected animal sera, but its protective immunity is yet to be tested. We have evaluated two synthetic vaccine formulations against A. marginale, using epitope-based approach in mice. Mice infection with bovine anaplasmosis was demonstrated by qPCR analysis of erythrocytes after 15-day exposure. A proof-of-concept was obtained in this murine model, in which peptides conjugated to bovine serum albumin were used for immunization in three 15-day intervals by intraperitoneal injections before challenging with live bacteria. Blood samples were analyzed for the presence of specific IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies, as well as for the rickettsemia analysis. A panel containing the cytokines’ transcriptional profile for innate and adaptive immune responses was carried out through qPCR. Immunized BALB/c mice challenged with A. marginale presented stable body weight, reduced number of infected erythrocytes, and no mortality; and among control groups mortality rates ranged from 15% to 29%. Additionally, vaccines have significantly induced higher IgG2a than IgG1 response, followed by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This is a successful demonstration of epitope-based vaccines, and protection against anaplasmosis may be associated with elicitation of effector functions of humoral and cellular immune responses in murine model.
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