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Kira S, Namba T, Hiraishi M, Nakamura T, Otani Y, Kon Y, Ichii O. Species-specific histological characterizations of renal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidneys of cats and dogs. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306479. [PMID: 38959226 PMCID: PMC11221681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The histomorphological features of normal kidneys in cats and dogs have been revealed despite the high susceptibility of cats to tubulointerstitial damage. Herein, the histological characteristics of the two species were compared. Cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) were abundant in the proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) of cats aged 23-27 months but scarce in dogs aged 24-27 months. LDs were rarely observed in the distal tubules (DTs) and collecting ducts (CDs) of either species, as visualized by the expression of Tamm-Horsfall protein 1, calbindin-D28K, and aquaporin 2. The occupational area ratio of proximal tubules (PTs) in the renal cortex was higher, but that of DTs or CDs was significantly lower in adult cats than in dogs. Single PT epithelial cells were larger, but PCT, DT, and CD lumens were significantly narrower in adult cats than in dogs. Unlike adults, young cats at 6 months exhibited significantly abundant cytoplasmic LDs in proximal straight tubules, indicating lipid metabolism-related development. Histochemistry of the 21 lectins also revealed variations in glycosylation across different renal tubules and CDs in both species. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 was expressed only in PTs, excluding the proximal straight tubules with few LDs in adult cats or the PCTs of young cats and adult dogs. These findings are crucial for understanding species-specific characteristics of renal histomorphology and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunnosuke Kira
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Namba
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaya Hiraishi
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Teppei Nakamura
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Otani
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Lectin Histochemistry of the Normal Feline Kidney. Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010026. [PMID: 36669026 PMCID: PMC9866344 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins have a strict binding specificity to carbohydrate moieties of cellular components, and can thus indicate changes in the glycosylation of cells in diseases. However, lectin-binding patterns in nephron segments of feline kidneys have not been fully surveyed. The present study reported lectin-binding patterns in normal feline kidneys by histochemical investigations of eight commercially available lectin detection kits. Kidneys from four normal cats (intact males, 23-27 months old) were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin; lectin histochemistry was performed for WGA, s-WGA, RCA-I, ConA, PNA, SBA, DBA, and UEA-I lectins. WGA, RCA, and ConA binding was observed from Bowman's capsule to the collecting ducts, while only WGA was detected in the glomerular capillary. s-WGA was observed from the proximal tubules to the collecting ducts, showing discriminative heterogeneous binding. PNA and SBA were detected in the distal nephrons, such as the thin limbs of the loops of Henle, distal tubules, and collecting ducts. UEA-I binding was observed in the thick ascending limbs of the loops of Henle, especially in the macula densa regions. DBA lectin showed no positive labeling in nephrons. The observed binding patterns may prove beneficial for the analysis of changes in glycosylation in feline kidney diseases.
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Lawrence-Mills SJ, Hughes D, Hezzell MJ, Butler M, Neal C, Foster RR, Welsh GI, Finch N. The microvascular endothelial glycocalyx: An additional piece of the puzzle in veterinary medicine. Vet J 2022; 285:105843. [PMID: 35654338 PMCID: PMC9587354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (eGlx) is a critically important structure lining the luminal surface of endothelial cells. There is increasing evidence, in human patients and animal models, for its crucial role in the maintenance of health. Moreover, its damage is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple disease states. This review provides readers with an overview of the eGlx; summarising its structure, essential functions, and evidence for its role in disease. We highlight the lack of studies regarding the eGlx in cats and dogs, particularly in naturally occurring diseases. Importantly, we discuss techniques to aid its study, which can be applied to veterinary species. Finally, we present targeted therapies aimed at preserving, and in some cases, restoring damaged eGlx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Lawrence-Mills
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; current affiliation The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mimms, UK.
| | - David Hughes
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | | | - Matthew Butler
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Neal
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Natalie Finch
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, UK; Langford Vets, Langford House, Langford, UK
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Yabuki A, Hamamoto T, Rahman MM, Yamato O. Changes in lectin-binding patterns in the kidneys of canines with immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:1562-1566. [PMID: 30111672 PMCID: PMC6207506 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We surveyed the kidneys of dogs with immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis (ICGN) by
lectin histochemistry using seven lectins—namely WGA, RCA-I, ConA, PNA, SBA, DBA, and
UEA-I. Their binding patterns were compared with those from normal dogs. RCA-I signals
became weak in the brush borders of the proximal tubules, whereas DBA signals became
positive in Bowman’s capsules. Also, varying intensity of the UEA-I signal was noted in
the distal tubules, especially in the macula densa. The binding pattern profiles varied
among the cases; this diversity in the lectin-binding patterns might be induced as a
result of the diverse pathologies seen in canine ICGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yabuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Rice WL, Van Hoek AN, Păunescu TG, Huynh C, Goetze B, Singh B, Scipioni L, Stern LA, Brown D. High resolution helium ion scanning microscopy of the rat kidney. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57051. [PMID: 23505418 PMCID: PMC3591388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Helium ion scanning microscopy is a novel imaging technology with the potential to provide sub-nanometer resolution images of uncoated biological tissues. So far, however, it has been used mainly in materials science applications. Here, we took advantage of helium ion microscopy to explore the epithelium of the rat kidney with unsurpassed image quality and detail. In addition, we evaluated different tissue preparation methods for their ability to preserve tissue architecture. We found that high contrast, high resolution imaging of the renal tubule surface is possible with a relatively simple processing procedure that consists of transcardial perfusion with aldehyde fixatives, vibratome tissue sectioning, tissue dehydration with graded methanol solutions and careful critical point drying. Coupled with the helium ion system, fine details such as membrane texture and membranous nanoprojections on the glomerular podocytes were visualized, and pores within the filtration slit diaphragm could be seen in much greater detail than in previous scanning EM studies. In the collecting duct, the extensive and striking apical microplicae of the intercalated cells were imaged without the shrunken or distorted appearance that is typical with conventional sample processing and scanning electron microscopy. Membrane depressions visible on principal cells suggest possible endo- or exocytotic events, and central cilia on these cells were imaged with remarkable preservation and clarity. We also demonstrate the use of colloidal gold probes for highlighting specific cell-surface proteins and find that 15 nm gold labels are practical and easily distinguishable, indicating that external labels of various sizes can be used to detect multiple targets in the same tissue. We conclude that this technology represents a technical breakthrough in imaging the topographical ultrastructure of animal tissues. Its use in future studies should allow the study of fine cellular details and provide significant advances in our understanding of cell surface structures and membrane organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L. Rice
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alfred N. Van Hoek
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Teodor G. Păunescu
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chuong Huynh
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Peabody, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bernhard Goetze
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Peabody, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bipin Singh
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Peabody, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Larry Scipioni
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Peabody, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lewis A. Stern
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Peabody, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dennis Brown
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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