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Miao S, Jing Q, Wang X, Zheng W, Liu H, Tang L, Wang X, Ren F. Immuno-Enhancing Effect of Ginsenoside Rh2 Liposomes on Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:183-193. [PMID: 38015447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The adjuvant is essential for vaccines because it can enhance or directly induce a strong immune response associated with vaccine antigens. Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) had immunomodulatory effects but was limited by poor solubility and hemolysis. In this study, Rh2 liposomes (Rh2-L) were prepared by ethanol injection methods. The Rh2-L effectively dispersed in a double emulsion adjuvant system to form a Water-in-Oil-in-Water (W/O/W) emulsion and had no hemolysis. The physicochemical properties of the adjuvants were tested, and the immune activity and auxiliary effects indicated by the Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMDV) antigen were evaluated. Compared with the mice vaccinated with the FMD vaccine prepared with the double emulsion adjuvant alone, those with the FMD vaccine prepared with the double emulsion adjuvant containing Rh2-L had significantly higher neutralizing antibody titer and splenocyte proliferation rates and showed higher cellular and humoral immune responses. The results demonstrated that Rh2-L could further enhance the immune effect of the double emulsion adjuvant against Foot-and-Mouth Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiya Miao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiufang Jing
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuanyu Wang
- Shanghai Baoshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201901, China
| | - Wenyun Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liusiqi Tang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fuzheng Ren
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Effects of oil-based adjuvants on the immune response of pigs after dermal administration of antigen and evaluation of the immunization level after a subsequent Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae challenge in pigs. Vet Microbiol 2023; 276:109607. [PMID: 36481482 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Route of vaccine delivery can greatly impact the immunogenicity, efficacy and safety of the vaccine. Four groups of piglets were immunised transdermally (t.d.), intradermally (i.d.) or intramuscularly (i.m.) with the same doses of antigen in combination with a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant Montanide™ ISA 201 VG or with a microemulsion adjuvant Montanide™ IMS 1313 VG N ST (Seppic, France). The last group was left without vaccination as a control group. All animals were subsequently exposed to the infection induced by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App). The immune response was evaluated with respect to the intensity of systemic and mucosal antibody formation, their isotype characterisation and rate of cell-mediated immunity. These findings were compared with the intensity of adverse local reactions and level of protection in experimental challenge. Monitoring of the local reaction at the injection site after each administration showed that microemulsion adjuvant IMS 1313 was less reactogenic than the water-in-oil-in-water emulsion ISA 201. In terms of efficacy, both dermal administrations were less immunogenic than the i.m route. The i.m. injection induced higher anti-App9 IgG and IgM titres. Nevertheless, IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes analysis revealed a close immunological profile between i.m. and i.d. routes. The concentration of IFN-γ from peripheral blood after in vitro restimulation with the specific antigen was only increased in the i.m. group at the day of challenge (D35) and two weeks after (D49). Interestingly, the smallest gross pulmonary lesions were observed in the i.d. vaccinated group (3.4%) compared to the control group (39.4%) and to groups with other routes of administration. Taken together, these results suggest that i.d. administration of vaccines is a promising approach. Even the i.d. vaccine was more reactogenic and slightly less immunogenic than the i.m. vaccine, its protection effectiveness seemed to be superior.
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Oreskovic Z, Levá L, Chlebová K, Hlavová K, Tesařík R, Gebauer J, Faldyna M. Effects of IFNγ and IL4 rich microenvironment on porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cell activation in vitro. Res Vet Sci 2022; 145:54-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Çokçalışkan C, Tuncer-Göktuna P, Sareyyüpoğlu B, Türkoğlu T, Yıldız M, Deveci MNF, Aras-Uzun E, Arslan A, Kürkçü A, Uzunlu E, Asar E. Booster administration can make a difference in the antibody response to intradermal foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in cattle. Arch Virol 2022; 167:405-413. [PMID: 35034176 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically important viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. Routine vaccination is one of the preferred methods of protection against this disease in endemic countries. For protective immunity against FMD, repeated immunizations with frequent administration are required. Intradermal immunization has many advantages over intramuscular administration of vaccines. In this study, a commercial tetravalent FMD vaccine adjuvanted with Montanide ISA 206 was administered to cattle via the intramuscular (2 mL [n = 10] and 0.5 mL [n = 9]) and intradermal (0.5 mL [n = 11]) routes. Booster doses were administered 28 days later using the same vaccine and routes. Serum samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 28 post-vaccination (pv) and at 30 and 60 days post-booster. Homologous and heterologous virus neutralization tests and liquid-phase blocking and isotype ELISAs were used to measure the antibody response. The results showed that intradermal administration of quarter doses of the vaccine provides an equal or better virus neutralization antibody response than intramuscular administration of the same dose of vaccine after booster administration in cattle. This means that four times more cattle can be immunized with the same amount of vaccine using the intradermal route without compromising immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Çokçalışkan
- Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Foot and Mouth Disease (Şap), Şap Enstitüsü Dumlupınar Bulvarı, No:35 Söğütözü Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Pelin Tuncer-Göktuna
- Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Sareyyüpoğlu
- Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Foot and Mouth Disease (Şap), Şap Enstitüsü Dumlupınar Bulvarı, No:35 Söğütözü Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tunçer Türkoğlu
- Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Foot and Mouth Disease (Şap), Şap Enstitüsü Dumlupınar Bulvarı, No:35 Söğütözü Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Yıldız
- Directorate-General for State Farms, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Nuri Fırat Deveci
- Directorate-General for State Farms, Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eylem Aras-Uzun
- Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Foot and Mouth Disease (Şap), Şap Enstitüsü Dumlupınar Bulvarı, No:35 Söğütözü Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Arslan
- Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Foot and Mouth Disease (Şap), Şap Enstitüsü Dumlupınar Bulvarı, No:35 Söğütözü Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayça Kürkçü
- Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Foot and Mouth Disease (Şap), Şap Enstitüsü Dumlupınar Bulvarı, No:35 Söğütözü Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ergün Uzunlu
- Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Foot and Mouth Disease (Şap), Şap Enstitüsü Dumlupınar Bulvarı, No:35 Söğütözü Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdoğan Asar
- Republic of Turkey, Turkish Statistical Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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5
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Wang Q, Muhammad TA, Muhammad WH, Muhammad AM, Muhammad H, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. Haemonchus contortus hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 59 with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid): A promising nanovaccine candidate against Haemonchus contortus infection. Vet Parasitol 2021; 292:109398. [PMID: 33677347 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 59 (HCA59), one of significant excretory/secretory products of Haemonchus contortus (HcESPs), is identified to have immunomodulatory eff ;ects on host cells. However, protection potential of the molecule in H. contortus remains poorly understood. In this study, H. contortus recombinant HCA59 protein amalgamated with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle adjuvant was tested for its protection against H. contortus infection in goats. Fifteen goats were allocated into three groups. On days 0 and 14, rHCA59 group was immunized with PLGA nanoparticles encapsulated with recombinant protein HCA59 (rHCA59-PLGA) respectively. Positive control group was unvaccinated, but challenged with H. contortus third stage larvae (L3). Negative control group was unvaccinated and unchallenged with L3. Goats in rHCA59 group and positive control group were challenged with 8000 H. contortus L3 after 14 days of the second immunization. Following immunization, high level of sera IgG, IgA, and IgE, as well as significantly high production of IL-4 and IL-9 was produced in rHCA59 group. After L3 challenge, the level of IL-17 and TGF-β in rHCA59 group increased obviously. Meanwhile, the fecal eggs and the abomasal worm burdens in rHCA59 group was reduced by 44.1 % and 54.6 %, respectively. The studies suggested that rHCA59-PLGA nanoparticles conferred partial protection and could be a good candidate for the development of nanovaccines against H. contortus infection in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiangQiang Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Tahir Aleem Muhammad
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Waqqas Hasan Muhammad
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Ali Memon Muhammad
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Haseeb Muhammad
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - RuoFeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - LiXin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - XiaoKai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - XiangRui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Adjuvants for swine vaccines: Mechanisms of actions and adjuvant effects. Vaccine 2020; 38:6659-6681. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Wilson-Welder JH, Boggiatto P, Nally JE, Wafa EI, Alt DP, Hornsby RL, Frank A, Jones DE, Olsen SC, Bowden NB, Salem AK. Bovine immune response to leptospira antigen in different novel adjuvants and vaccine delivery platforms. Vaccine 2020; 38:3464-3473. [PMID: 32204939 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a global zoonosis causing significant economic losses for cattle production. Current cattle vaccines against leptospirosis need improvement to provide efficacy against multiple serovars, reduce shedding in urine, and to induce earlier and more robust immune responses. In this study, Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strain 203 antigen was combined with novel adjuvants (a biodegradable polyanhydride compressed rod implant (VPEAR), poly(diaminosulfide) microparticles, a water-oil-water emulsion adjuvant, and aluminum hydroxide) to develop novel vaccines. Cattle were immunized twice, at a 4 week interval, with inoculums containing adjuvants alone or leptospira antigens and immune responses were compared to responses of cattle receiving a commercial monovalent leptospirosis vaccine (Spirovac). All animals were inoculated with a single dose of Spirovac at 20 weeks to assess antigen recall responses. Serum antibody responses were increased (P > 0.05) at 8 and 20 weeks after vaccination in cattle receiving inoculums containing leptospira antigens combined with water-oil-emulsion, poly(diaminosulfide) microparticles (PNSN-MP), or aluminum hydroxide and in cattle vaccinated with Spirovac. Humoral responses were predominantly IgG1 isotypes. Antigen-specific proliferative responses were detected after initial vaccination in cattle vaccinated with Spirovac, PNSN-MP and water-oil-water treatments. Most proliferative responses occurring within CD4+ and gamma delta T cell populations expressing CD45RO and CD25 markers, a response consistent with an effector memory phenotype. Antigen-specific immune responses were not detected in cattle vaccinated with VPEAR after initial inoculation, but were detected in the antigen recall responses. PBMCs from cattle vaccinated with Spirovac, oil-water-oil, or PNSN-MP treatments had increased (P < 0.05) IL-17A release after in vitro stimulation with leptospirosis antigens, whereas all groups produced IFN-γ and IL-17A after in vitro stimulation during the antigen recall response. Our data demonstrates that combining leptospirosis antigens with these adjuvants enhances immunogenicity in cattle. Interpretative Summary: Vaccination of livestock is a key mechanism for minimizing transmission of leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease. Leptospirosis vaccines for cattle need to be improved to provide greater levels of protection from kidney colonization, better immune responses, and protection against multiple serovars. This could be accomplished using new vaccine adjuvants. In this study, several novel adjuvants were evaluated for their ability to induce effective immune responses in cattle to leptospira antigens as compared to currently available vaccines. Data suggested that vaccines containing biodegradable polymer microparticles and oil-emulsion adjuvants induced similar or greater immune responses as compared to a commercial vaccine. Our data suggest these new vaccine formulations warrant further investigation as new vaccine formulations for cattle and other livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Wilson-Welder
- Infectious Bacterial Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Paola Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Jarlath E Nally
- Infectious Bacterial Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Emad I Wafa
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David P Alt
- Infectious Bacterial Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Richard L Hornsby
- Infectious Bacterial Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Ami Frank
- Infectious Bacterial Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Douglas E Jones
- Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Steven C Olsen
- Infectious Bacterial Disease Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Ned B Bowden
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Vreman S, McCaffrey J, Popma-de Graaf DJ, Nauwynck H, Savelkoul HFJ, Moore A, Rebel JMJ, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N. Toll-like receptor agonists as adjuvants for inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 212:27-37. [PMID: 31213249 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists can effectively stimulate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and are anticipated to be promising adjuvants in combination with inactivated vaccines. In this study, the adjuvant potential of three different TLR-agonists were compared with an oil-in-water (O/W) adjuvant in combination with inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (iPRRSV) applied by different administration routes: intramuscular (i.m.) or into the skin using dissolving microneedle (DMN) patches. Pigs received a prime vaccination followed by a booster vaccination four weeks later. TLR1/2 (Pam3Cys), TLR7/8 (R848) or TLR9 (CpG ODN) agonists were used as adjuvant in combination with iPRRSV strain 07V063. O/W adjuvant (Montanide™) was used as reference control adjuvant and one group received a placebo vaccination containing diluent only. All animals received a homologous challenge with PRRSV three weeks after the booster vaccination. Antibody and IFN-γ production, serum cytokines and viremia were measured at several time-points after vaccination and/or challenge, and lung pathology at necropsy. Our results indicate that a TLR 1/2, 7/8 or 9 agonist as adjuvant with iPRRSV does not induce a detectable PRRSV-specific immune response, independent of the administration route. However, the i.m. TLR9 agonist group showed reduction of viremia upon challenge compared to the non-vaccinated animals, supported by a non-antigen-specific IFN-γ level after booster vaccination and an anamnestic antibody response after challenge. Montanide™-adjuvanted iPRRSV induced antigen-specific immunity after booster combined with reduction of vireamia. Skin application of TLR7/8 agonist, but not the other agonists, induced a local skin reaction. Further research is needed to explore the potential of TLR agonists as adjuvants for inactivated porcine vaccines with a preference for TLR9 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vreman
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands; Cell Biology & Immunology group, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology & Immunology group, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Moore
- School of Pharmacy, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Johanna M J Rebel
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
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9
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Oreskovic Z, Nechvatalova K, Krejci J, Kummer V, Faldyna M. Aspects of intradermal immunization with different adjuvants: The role of dendritic cells and Th1/Th2 response. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211896. [PMID: 30742635 PMCID: PMC6370205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intradermal (i.d.) application of vaccine is promising way how to induce specific immune response against particular pathogens. Adjuvants, substances added into vaccination dose with the aim to increase immunogenicity, play important role in activation of dendritic cells with subsequent activation of lymphocytes. They can, however, induce unwanted local reactions. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of i.d. administration of model antigen keyhole limped hemocyanine alone or with different adjuvants-aluminium hydroxide and oil-based adjuvants-on local histopathological reaction as well as dendritic cell activation at the site of administration and local cytokine and chemokine response. This was assessed at 4 and 24 hours after application. Selection of the adjuvants was based on the fact, that they differently enhance antibody or cell-mediated immunity. The results showed activation of dendritic cells and both Th1 and Th2 response stimulated by oil-based adjuvants. It was associated with higher expression of set of genes, incl. chemokine receptor CCR7 or Th1-associated chemokine CXCL10 and cytokine IFNγ. Application of the antigen with aluminium hydroxide induced higher expression of Th2-associated IL4 or IL13. On the other hand, both complete and incomplete Freund´s adjuvants provoked strong local reaction associated with influx of neutrophils. This was accompanied with high expression of proinflammatory IL1 or neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8. Surprisingly, similarly strong local reaction was detected also after application of aluminium hydroxide-based adjuvant. The best balanced local reaction with sufficient activation of immune cells was detected after application of oil-based adjuvants Montanide and Emulsigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Oreskovic
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Josef Krejci
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Kummer
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Song MF, Kang YH, Zhang DX, Chen L, Bi JF, Zhang HP, Zhang L, Qian AD, Shan XF. Immunogenicity of extracellular products from an inactivated vaccine against Aeromonas veronii TH0426 in koi, Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:176-181. [PMID: 30026173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a type of human-livestock-aquatic animal pathogen; it is widely found in nature and causes many deaths among aquatic animals. Extracellular products (ECPs) are secreted by the pathogen during growth and reproduction. These products are considered effective protective antigens that can induce the host to produce an immune response. In this study, the ECPs of A.veronii TH0426 were prepared by ultrafiltration, and then the pathogenicity and enzymatic activity of the ECPs were determined. All the groups were injected intraperitoneally, as follows: group one: ECP protein with an equal volume of Freund's adjuvant; group two: ECPs and formalin-killed cells (FKC) of A.veronii combined with an equal volume of Freund's adjuvant (FKC + ECPs); group three: formalin-killed cells (FKC) of A.veronii combined with an equal volume of Freund's adjuvant (FKC); and, group four: sterile PBS as the control group. The expression levels of IgM, IL-1β, and TNF-α and the lysozyme activity in blood were examined at 7, 14, and 21 days after the immunizations. The results show that the ECPs can produce protease, lipase, amylase and hemolyase, and there was no lecithinase, urease, or gelatinase activity. The results indicate that the ECPs were clearly pathogenic to koi fish, and the LD50 dose was 391.6 μg/fish. Throughout this study, the RPS of the three experimental groups were 75%, 50%, and 70%. This study indicates that the ECPs of A.veronii can effectively enhance the ability of kio fish to resist bacterial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fang Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuan-Huan Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Dong-Xing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Long Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jian-Fei Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hai-Peng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ai-Dong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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Identification and characterization of a Streptococcus suis immunogenic ornithine carbamoytransferase involved in bacterial adherence. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 53:234-239. [PMID: 29934035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis (SS) is a major swine pathogen and a serious zoonotic pathogen causing septicemia and meningitis in piglets and humans. Using an immunoproteomic approach, we previously brought evidence that ornithine carbamoytransferase (OCT) may represent a vaccine candidate to protect against S. suis biofilm-related and acute infections. METHOD In this study, the gene encoding OCT was cloned into the expression vector pET-28a and the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the SS OCT was further investigated in a mouse model. RESULTS The protein was found to be expressed in vivo and elicited high antibody titers following SS infections in mice. An animal challenge experiment with SS showed that 62.5% of mice immunized with the OCT protein were protected. Using an in vitro competitive adherence inhibition assay of adherence, evidence was obtained that OCT could significantly reduce the number of SS cells adhered to porcine kidney PK-15 cells. The bacterial levels recovered in mice of the OCT immunized group were significantly decreased in some organs, compared with the control group. CONCLUSION In summary, our results suggest that the recombinant SS OCT protein, which is involved in bacterial adherence, may efficiently stimulate an immune response conferring protection against SS infections. It may therefore be considered as a potential vaccine candidate, although further studies are necessary to evaluate their use in swine.
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Oreskovic Z, Kudlackova H, Krejci J, Nechvatalova K, Faldyna M. Oil-based adjuvants delivered intradermally induce high primary IgG2 immune response in swine. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:41-43. [PMID: 28319826 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of intradermal application of antigen with or without different adjuvants and activation of immune response are presented in this study. Six groups of six piglets each were immunized with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) antigen in combination with aluminium hydroxide or oil-based adjuvants (complete and incomplete Freund's adjuvants, Montanide ISA 206 and Emulsigen). IgG1 and IgG2 levels in sera were measured by KLH-specific ELISA. Interestingly, oil-based adjuvants induced high primary IgG2 response, suggesting the Th1 lymphocyte polarization. Also, considering the similarities between human and porcine organism, we suggest that intradermal application could be considered as an effective vaccine delivery route in both veterinary and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Oreskovic
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Kudlackova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Krejci
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Martin Faldyna
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
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13
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Gómez-Gascón L, Cardoso-Toset F, Tarradas C, Gómez-Laguna J, Maldonado A, Nielsen J, Olaya-Abril A, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ, Luque I. Characterization of the immune response and evaluation of the protective capacity of rSsnA against Streptococcus suis infection in pigs. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 47:52-9. [PMID: 27477507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The efforts made to develop vaccines against Streptococcus suis have failed because of lack of common antigens cross-reactive against different serotypes of this species. The cell wall-anchored proteins can be good vaccine candidates due to their high expression and accessibility to antibodies, among these, a cell-wall protein, DNA-nuclease (SsnA), present in most of the S. suis serotypes and clinical isolates collected from infected pigs, was selected. An experimental challenge against S. suis serotype 2 in a pig model was used to validate the efficacy of recombinant SsnA combined with aluminium hydroxide plus Quil A as adjuvants, previously tested in mice by our research group with good results. In our study, clinical characteristics, bacterial load and spread, haematological and immunological parameters and the antibody response, including the opsonophagocytosis analysis of the sera were evaluated. Moreover the composition of peripheral blood leukocyte populations was studied in infected animals. The results show that the immunization of piglets with rSsnA elicits a significant humoral antibody response. However, the antibody response is not reflected in protection of pigs that are challenged with a virulent strain in our conventional vaccination model. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the use of rSsnA as a vaccine candidate for swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Fernando Cardoso-Toset
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; CICAP-Food Research Centre, Córdoba, Pozoblanco,14400, Spain
| | - Carmen Tarradas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso Maldonado
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Veterinary Institute, Lindholm, Denmark
| | - Alfonso Olaya-Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez-Ortega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Luque
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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14
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TLR4 and TLR7/8 Adjuvant Combinations Generate Different Vaccine Antigen-Specific Immune Outcomes in Minipigs when Administered via the ID or IN Routes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148984. [PMID: 26862758 PMCID: PMC4749393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of high levels of systemic and mucosal humoral immunity is a key goal for many prophylactic vaccines. However, adjuvant strategies developed in mice have often performed poorly in the clinic. Due to their closer similarity to humans, minipigs may provide a more accurate picture of adjuvant performance. Based on their complementary signalling pathways, we assessed humoral immune responses to model antigens after co-administration with the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulator glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA-AF) or the TLR7/8 agonist resiquimod (R848) (alone and in combination) via the intradermal (ID), intranasal (IN) or combined routes in the Gottingen minipig animal model. Surprisingly, we discovered that while GLA-AF additively enhanced the adjuvant effect of R848 when injected ID, it abrogated the adjuvant activity of R848 after IN inoculation. We then performed a route comparison study using a CN54 gp140 HIV Envelope model antigen adjuvanted with R848 + GLA-AF (ID) or R848 alone (IN). Animals receiving priming inoculations via one route were then boosted by the alternate route. Although differences were observed in the priming phase (IN or ID), responses converged upon boosting by the alternative route with no observable impact resultant from the order of administration (ID/IN vs IN/ID). Specific IgG responses were measured at a distal mucosal site (vaginal), although there was no evidence of mucosal linkage as these closely reflected serum antibody levels. These data indicate that the complex in vivo cross-talk between innate pathways are likely tissue specific and cannot be predicted by simple in vitro models.
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15
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Su F, Patel GB, Hu S, Chen W. Induction of mucosal immunity through systemic immunization: Phantom or reality? Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1070-9. [PMID: 26752023 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1114195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of protective immunity at mucosal surfaces can greatly assist the host defense against pathogens which either cause disease at the mucosal epithelial barriers or enter the host through these surfaces. Although mucosal routes of immunization, such as intranasal and oral, are being intensely explored and appear promising for eliciting protective mucosal immunity in mammals, their application in clinical practice has been limited due to technical and safety related challenges. Most of the currently approved human vaccines are administered via systemic (such as intramuscular and subcutaneous) routes. Whereas these routes are acknowledged as being capable to elicit antigen-specific systemic humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, they are generally perceived as incapable of generating IgA responses or protective mucosal immunity. Nevertheless, currently licensed systemic vaccines do provide effective protection against mucosal pathogens such as influenza viruses and Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, whether systemic immunization induces protective mucosal immunity remains a controversial topic. Here we reviewed the current literature and discussed the potential of systemic routes of immunization for the induction of mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Su
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.,b Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , PR China
| | - Girishchandra B Patel
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Songhua Hu
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- a Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada.,c Department of Biology, Brock University , St. Catharines , Ontario , Canada
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16
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Jia F, Liu S, Wu MX, Chen X. Micro-fractional Epidermal Powder Delivery for Skin Vaccination. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1404:715-723. [PMID: 27076332 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3389-1_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Skin is a highly immunogenic site for vaccine delivery due to its richness of antigen-presenting cells. Several vaccines have been approved for skin delivery and in particular intradermal delivery in the last two decades. Yet intradermal delivery often causes frequent and severe local reactions, preventing the incorporation of adjuvants to further boost skin vaccination. Here we describe a novel skin delivery technology, called micro-fractional epidermal powder delivery or EPD, with minimized local reactions for improved skin vaccination. EPD is based on laser or microneedle treatment to generate microchannel arrays in the epidermis followed by topical application of powder vaccine-coated array patches to deliver vaccines into the skin via microchannels. Due to the fractional delivery, EPD significantly reduces vaccine/adjuvant-induced local reactions without compromising vaccine immunogenicity and adjuvant potency. EPD also eliminates needle injection-associated pain and is promising to improve vaccine stability due to the direct powder delivery. This chapter describes detailed methods for the advantageous EPD in preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jia
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Edwards 222, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Shengwu Liu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Edwards 222, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mei X Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Edwards 222, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom Street, Edwards 222, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, 7 Greenhouse Road, Room 395L, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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Abstract
The skin is an attractive site for immunization in humans and animals, owing to its resident population of dendritic cells and macrophages along with extensive vascularization by lymphatic vessels and blood capillaries. In addition to these physiological attributes, the intradermal route for vaccine delivery also presents a less-invasive alternative to conventional subcutaneous or intramuscular injections. This may offer compliance and convenience advantages for a wide range of stakeholders including patients, healthcare providers, veterinarians, animal owners and animal producers. This review discusses the current developments in intradermal vaccination for human and veterinary applications, with particular focus on the skin immunology, vaccine antigens and adjuvants and delivery systems.
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18
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Grzywa R, Walczak M, Łupicka-Słowik A, Bobrek K, Boivin S, Brown EL, Gaweł A, Stefaniak T, Oleksyszyn J, Sieńczyk M. Adjuvant-dependent immunogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus Efb and Map proteins in chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 166:50-6. [PMID: 26004944 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The avian IgY antibodies generated in hens and isolated from egg yolk have gained in popularity as they present an alternative source of antibodies for diagnostic as well as therapeutic applications. One of the advantages of IgY technology are the large amounts of produced antibodies from a single animal combined with their high reactivity representing an attractive alternative for mammalian antibodies. Despite many known protocols for the immunization of chickens, the administration of new antigens often requires additional modification such as antigen dose or use of an adjuvant in order to elicit a significant immune response. We investigated the immunogenicity of three Staphylococcus aureus antigens including two extracellular proteins Map and Efb and one selected Efb105-124 epitope conjugated to KLH that were administered to the animals. Additionally, the immunization protocol included two adjuvant systems: Freund's complete adjuvant and Emulsigen-D. The results demonstrated a high immunostimulatory potency of Freund's complete adjuvant, especially in case of Efb compared to the immune response elicited by Emulsigen-D. However, after immunization with the KLH-Efb105-124 conjugate, the obtained antibodies showed similar reactivity regardless of adjuvant system used with the only exception being their avidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Grzywa
- Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Walczak
- Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Łupicka-Słowik
- Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Bobrek
- Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Stephane Boivin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Notkestraße 85 c/o DESY, Building 25A, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eric L Brown
- Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrzej Gaweł
- Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Stefaniak
- Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Józef Oleksyszyn
- Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Sieńczyk
- Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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A new recombinant SsnA protein combined with aluminum hydroxide protects mouse against Streptococcus suis. Vaccine 2014; 32:6992-6999. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Monteiro MA, Ma Z, Bertolo L, Jiao Y, Arroyo L, Hodgins D, Mallozzi M, Vedantam G, Sagermann M, Sundsmo J, Chow H. Carbohydrate-based Clostridium difficile vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:421-31. [PMID: 23560922 DOI: 10.1586/erv.13.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is responsible for thousands of deaths each year and a vaccine would be welcomed, especially one that would disrupt bacterial maintenance, colonization and persistence in carriers and convalescent patients. Structural explorations at the University of Guelph (ON, Canada) discovered that C. difficile may express three phosphorylated polysaccharides, named PSI, PSII and PSIII; this review captures our recent efforts to create vaccines based on these glycans, especially PSII, the common antigen that has precipitated immediate attention. The authors describe the design and immunogenicity of vaccines composed of raw polysaccharides and conjugates thereof. So far, it has been observed that anti-PSII antibodies can be raised in farm animals, mice and hamster models; humans and horses carry anti-PSII IgA and IgG antibodies from natural exposure to C. difficile, respectively; phosphate is an indispensable immunogenic epitope and vaccine-induced PSII antibodies recognize PSII on C. difficile outer surface.
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