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Carreira LM, Cota J, Alves J, Inácio F, Alexandre-Pires G, Azevedo P. A Pilot Study of the Clinical Effectiveness of a Single Intra-Articular Injection of Stanozolol in Canines with Knee Degenerative Joint Disease and Its Correlation with Serum Interleukin-1β Levels. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1351. [PMID: 38731355 PMCID: PMC11082967 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stanozolol shows promise as an anabolic and anti-catabolic agent for treating degenerative joint disease (DJD). This study assessed the clinical efficacy of a single intra-articular stanozolol injection in canine knees with DJD and its correlation with serum IL-1β levels. Thirty dogs (n = 30) were divided into a control group (CG, n = 10) and a study group (SG, n = 20) with DJD. Pain levels were assessed using the Brown query, and radiographs were taken at T0 and T3. IL-1β levels were quantified via ELISA. Apart from 2 patients, all showed reduced pain intensity, with 15 patients showing improvement at T1 and 3 patients at T2. A positive correlation (r = 0.84; p < 0.01) was found between pain level and IL-1β in 15 patients. No systemic effects were observed. Most patients (18/20) experienced reduced pain. This pilot study suggests stanozolol's potential in managing DJD in dogs. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and understand stanozolol's mechanism in DJD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Miguel Carreira
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre-CMVAA, Rua D.ª Francisca da Azambuja Nº9-9A, 2830-077 Barreiro, Portugal (P.A.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (F.I.); (G.A.-P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of American Laser Study Club—ALSC, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714, USA
| | - João Cota
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre-CMVAA, Rua D.ª Francisca da Azambuja Nº9-9A, 2830-077 Barreiro, Portugal (P.A.)
| | - Joao Alves
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Filipa Inácio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (F.I.); (G.A.-P.)
| | - Graça Alexandre-Pires
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; (F.I.); (G.A.-P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Azevedo
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre-CMVAA, Rua D.ª Francisca da Azambuja Nº9-9A, 2830-077 Barreiro, Portugal (P.A.)
- Faculty of American Laser Study Club—ALSC, Altamonte Springs, FL 32714, USA
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Alves JC, Santos A, Lavrador C, Carreira LM. Minimal Clinically Important Differences for a Weight Distribution Platform in Dogs with Osteoarthritis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:128. [PMID: 38200859 PMCID: PMC10778445 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this retrospective study to determine the optimal method of evaluating static weight-bearing distribution to assess response to treatment in dogs with osteoarthritis using a weight distribution platform, data from the Clinica Veterinária de Cães (Portuguese Republican National Guard) clinical records were extracted. At baseline and at 15 days post-treatment, follow-up data from 80 dogs treated for bilateral hip osteoarthritis were categorized based on an anchor question. Estimates of minimal clinically important differences were calculated with distribution-based and anchor-based methods for deviation from normal weight-bearing and a symmetry index (SI). For deviation, the anchor-based methods provided a range from -0.3 to -3.1, and the distribution-based methods from 0.16 to 0.29. For SI, the anchor-based methods provided a range from -10.0 to -23.9, and the distribution-based methods from 1.31 to 2.88. Receiver operator characteristic curves provided areas under the curve >0.7, indicating an acceptable cut-off point. We presented estimates of -1 for deviation and -10 for SI in dogs with OA. These estimates can be used for research and patient monitoring. Future studies should include OA from other joints and animals from a broader clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Alves
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771 Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Santos
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lavrador
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - L. Miguel Carreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, (FMV/ULisboa), 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre (CMVAA), 2830-077 Barreiro, Portugal
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Anabolic Steroids in Fattening Food-Producing Animals—A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162115. [PMID: 36009705 PMCID: PMC9405261 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anabolic steroids significantly affect animal tissues and cause morphological and histological changes, which are often irreversible. This issue is currently a very hot topic, as the answers to the questions concerning the health of endangered animals and humans vary greatly from country to country. There is a need to further investigate whether the use of anabolic steroids in animal fattening threatens consumer health and to develop new tools for the detection of anabolic steroids in meat. One possibility for detection could be to observe histological changes in the tissues, which form a typical pattern of anabolic abuse. This review gathered information on the anabolic steroids most commonly used in animal fattening, the legislation governing this issue, and the main effects of anabolics on animal tissues. Abstract Anabolic steroids are chemically synthetic derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone. They are used in medicine for their ability to support muscle growth and healing and by athletes for esthetic purposes and to increase sports performance, but another major use is in fattening animals to increase meat production. The more people there are on Earth, the greater the need for meat production and anabolic steroids accelerate the growth of animals and, most importantly, increase the amount of muscle mass. Anabolic steroids also have proven side effects that affect all organs and tissues, such as liver and kidney parenchymal damage, heart muscle degeneration, organ growth, coagulation disorders, and increased risk of muscle and tendon rupture. Anabolic steroids also have a number of harmful effects on the developing brain, such as brain atrophy and changes in gene expression with consequent changes in the neural circuits involved in cognitive functions. Behavioral changes such as aggression, irritability, anxiety and depression are related to changes in the brain. In terms of long-term toxicity, the greatest impact is on the reproductive system, i.e., testicular shrinkage and infertility. Therefore, their abuse can be considered a public health problem. In many countries around the world, such as the United States, Canada, China, Argentina, Australia, and other large meat producers, the use of steroids is permitted but in all countries of the European Union there is a strict ban on the use of anabolic steroids in fattening animals. Meat from a lot of countries must be carefully inspected and monitored for steroids before export to Europe. Gas or liquid chromatography methods in combination with mass spectrometry detectors and immunochemical methods are most often used for the analysis of these substances. These methods have been considered the most modern for decades, but can be completely ineffective if they face new synthetic steroid derivatives and want to meet meat safety requirements. The problem of last years is the application of “cocktails” of anabolic substances with very low concentrations, which are difficult to detect and are difficult to quantify using conventional detection methods. This is the reason why scientists are trying to find new methods of detection, mainly based on changes in the structure of tissues and cells and their metabolism. This review gathered this knowledge into a coherent form and its findings could help in finding such a combination of changes in tissues that would form a typical picture for evidence of anabolic misuse.
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Veronesi F, Fini M, Martini L, Berardinelli P, Russo V, Filardo G, Di Matteo B, Marcacci M, Kon E. In Vivo Model of Osteoarthritis to Compare Allogenic Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells and Autologous Adipose Derived Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050681. [PMID: 35625409 PMCID: PMC9138403 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary An early resolution of osteoarthritis (OA), through minimally invasive orthobiological solutions, would be important to enable a return to daily and sport activities, and delay prosthesis solutions. No study has yet evaluated amniotic epithelial stem cells (AECs) in OA. They could be considered a valid alternative to adipose derived cells, expanded or concentrated, because they differentiate into three lineages and express mesenchymal and embryonic markers, without a tumorigenic phenotype. The innovative aspects of this study are the comparison of three injective orthobiological treatments, the in vivo use of AECs in OA, and the evaluation of structural and inflammatory fronts of OA for up to six months. Abstract The challenge of osteoarthritis (OA) is to find a minimally invasive orthobiological therapy to contrast OA progression, on inflammatory and structural fronts. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of an intra-articular injection of three orthobiological treatments, autologous culture expanded adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs), autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and allogenic culture expanded amniotic epithelial stem cells (AECs), in an animal model of OA. OA was induced in 24 sheep by bilateral lateral meniscectomy and, at 3 and 6 months post-treatment, the results were analyzed with macroscopy, histology, histomorphometry, and biochemistry. All the three treatments showed better results than control (injection of NaCl), but SVF and AECs showed superiority over ADSCs, because they induced higher cartilage regeneration and lower inflammation. SVF showed better results than AECs at 3 and 6 months. To conclude, SVF seems to be more favorable than the other biological options, because it is easily obtained and rapidly used after harvesting, with good healing potential. AECs cause no discomfort and could be also considered for the treatment of OA joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Milena Fini
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Lucia Martini
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (F.V.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0516366557
| | - Paolo Berardinelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.)
| | - Valentina Russo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (P.B.); (V.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research (ATR) Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Berardo Di Matteo
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (B.D.M.); (M.M.); (E.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini n. 4, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurilio Marcacci
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (B.D.M.); (M.M.); (E.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini n. 4, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Elizaveta Kon
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (B.D.M.); (M.M.); (E.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini n. 4, 20090 Milan, Italy
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Alves JC, Santos A, Jorge P, Lavrador C, Carreira LM. Effect of a single intra-articular administration of stanozolol in a naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis model: a randomised trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5887. [PMID: 35393497 PMCID: PMC8989994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease with a high negative impact on patient’s quality of life and a high financial burden. It is a source of chronic pain and affects all mammals, including humans and dogs. As the dog is a common model for translation research of human OA, and exploring spontaneous dog OA can improve the health and well-being of both humans and dogs. To describe the effect of the intra-articular administration of stanozolol in a naturally occurring canine OA model, forty canine (N = 40) hip joints were randomly assigned to receive stanozolol or saline (control). On treatment day and at 8, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days post-treatment, several evaluations were conducted: weight distribution, joint range of motion, thigh girth, digital thermography, and radiographic signs. Also, synovial fluid C-reactive protein and interleukin-1 levels were evaluated. Results from four Clinical Metrology Instruments was also gathered. Results were compared with Repeated Measures ANOVA, with a Huynh–Feldt correction, paired-samples t-test, or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with p < 0.05. OA was graded as mild (90%), moderate (5%), and severe (5%), including both sexes. They had a mean age of 6.5 ± 2.4 years and a bodyweight of 26.7 ± 5.2 kg. No differences were found between groups at treatment day in all considered evaluations. Weight distribution showed significant improvements with stanozolol from 15 days (p < 0.05) up to 180 days (p < 0.01). Lower values during thermographic evaluation in both views taken and improved joint extension at 90 (p = 0.02) and 180 days (p < 0.01) were observed. Pain and function scores improved up to 180 days. In the control group, radiographic signs progressed, in contrast with stanozolol. The use of stanozolol was safe and produced significant improvements in weight-bearing, pain score, and clinical evaluations in a naturally occurring canine OA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Alves
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal. .,MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal.
| | - A Santos
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Jorge
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Lavrador
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - L Miguel Carreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal.,Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre (CMVAA), Barreiro, Portugal
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Alves JC, Santos A, Jorge P, Lavrador C, Carreira LM. Intraarticular triamcinolone hexacetonide, stanozolol, Hylan G-F 20 and platelet concentrate in a naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3118. [PMID: 33542412 PMCID: PMC7862601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease transversal to all mammals, a source of chronic pain and disability, a huge burden to societies, with a significant toll in healthcare cost, while reducing productivity and quality of life. The dog is considered a useful model for the translational study of the disease, closely matching human OA, with the advantage of a faster disease progression while maintaining the same life stages. In a prospective, longitudinal, double-blinded, negative controlled study, one hundred (N = 100) hip joints were selected and randomly assigned to five groups: control group (CG, n = 20, receiving a saline injection), triamcinolone hexacetonide group (THG, n = 20), platelet concentrate group (PCG, n = 20), stanozolol group (SG, n = 20) and hylan G-F 20 group (HG). Evaluations were conducted on days 0 (T0, treatment day), 8, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days post-treatment, consisting of weight distribution analysis and data from four Clinical Metrology Instruments (CMI). Kaplan-Meier estimators were generated and compared with the Breslow test. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of variables of interest on treatment survival. All results were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 and a significance level of p < 0.05 was set. Sample included joints of 100 pelvic limbs (of patients with a mean age of 6.5 ± 2.4 years and body weight of 26.7 ± 5.2 kg. Joints were graded as mild (n = 70), moderate (n = 20) and severe (n = 10) OA. No differences were found between groups at T0. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that all treatments produced longer periods with better results in the various evaluations compared to CG. Patients in HG and PCG took longer to return to baseline values and scores. A higher impact on pain interference was observed in THG, with a 95% improvement over CG. PCG and HG experienced 57-81% improvements in functional evaluation and impairments due to OA, and may be a better options for these cases. This study documented the efficacy of several approaches to relieve OA clinical signs. These approaches varied in intensity and duration. HG and PCG where the groups were more significant improvements were observed throughout the follow-up periods, with lower variation in results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Alves
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal.
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal.
| | - A Santos
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Jorge
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Lavrador
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - L Miguel Carreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV/ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA) - University of Lisbon, (FMV/ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
- Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre (CMVAA), Barreiro, Portugal
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Alves JC, Santos A, Jorge P, Lavrador C, Carreira LM. Intra-articular Injections With Either Triamcinolone Hexacetonide, Stanozolol, Hylan G-F 20, or a Platelet Concentrate Improve Clinical Signs in Police Working Dogs With Bilateral Hip Osteoarthritis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:609889. [PMID: 33537353 PMCID: PMC7849590 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.609889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the effect of intra-articular treatment with triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH), stanozolol, hyaluronan, and a platelet concentrate in police working dogs with bilateral hip osteoarthritis (OA). Study Design: Prospective, longitudinal, double-blinded, negative controlled study. Sample Population: Fifty police working dogs with naturally occurring hip OA. Methods: Animals were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n = 10), TH group (THG, n = 10), platelet concentrate group (PCG, n = 10), stanozolol group (SG, n = 10), and Hylan G-F 20 group (HG). On days 0 (T0), 8, 15, 30, 90, and 180 days post-treatment, weight-bearing distribution was evaluated. In those days, and on days 60, 120, and 150, four clinical metrology instruments were completed. Kaplan-Meier estimators were conducted and compared with the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine treatment survival. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Patients had a mean age of 6.5 ± 2.4 years and body weight of 26.7 ± 5.2 kg. At T0, hips were classified as mild (n = 35), moderate (n = 10), and severe (n = 5), according to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals grading scheme. No differences were found between groups at that moment considering age, body weight, OFA hip score, and all assessments performed. All treatments improved clinical signs in various OA dimensions in some groups, with a broad effect interval. PCG showed a lower range of variation while maintaining a positive result for more extended periods (p < 0.01 for symmetry index and 0.01 < p < 0.04 in the majority of scores). Breed, age, sex, and OFA grade did not significantly influence response to treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: This is the first prospective, negative controlled, double-blinded study to compare the effect of a single administration of these IA treatments in dogs with hip OA. HG and PCG recorded more significant improvements throughout the 180-day follow-up. In particular, PCG also registered a lower variation in results, seemingly the best therapeutic option. Nevertheless, improvements were still observed in THG and SG, and these treatment options can be considered, mainly when the first two treatments are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C. Alves
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Lisbon, Portugal,MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Forma Avana, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal,*Correspondence: João C. Alves
| | - Ana Santos
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Jorge
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lavrador
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Forma Avana, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - L. Miguel Carreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal,Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal,Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre (CMVAA), Barreiro, Portugal
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Zhu S, Long L, Hu Y, Tuo Y, Li Y, Yu Z. GnRHa/Stanozolol Combined Therapy Maintains Normal Bone Growth in Central Precocious Puberty. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:678797. [PMID: 34177807 PMCID: PMC8221533 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.678797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) is the gold standard in the treatment of Central Precocious Puberty (CPP) with progressive puberty and accelerative growth. However, GnRHa treatment is reported to result in growth deceleration and prevents growth plate development which leads to a reduction in height velocity. Stanozolol (ST) has been used to stimulate growth in patients with delayed growth and puberty, nevertheless, the effects and mechanisms of ST on CPP with GnRHa treatment are currently unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In the current study, we recorded the following vital observations that provided insights into ST induced chondrogenic differentiation and the maintenance of normal growth plate development: (1) ST efficiently prevented growth deceleration and maintained normal growth plate development in rats undergoing GnRHa treatment; (2) ST suppressed the inhibitory effect of GnRHa to promote chondrogenic differentiation; (3) ST induced chondrogenic differentiation through the activation of the JNK/c-Jun/Sox9 signaling pathway; (4) ST promoted chondrogenic differentiation and growth plate development through the JNK/Sox9 signaling pathway in vivo. CONCLUSIONS ST mitigated the inhibitory effects of GnRHa and promoted growth plate development in rats. ST induced the differentiation of chondrocytes and maintained normal growth plate development through the activation of JNK/c-Jun/Sox9 signaling. These novel findings indicated that ST could be a potential agent for maintaining normal bone growth in cases of CPP undergoing GnRHa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunye Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shunye Zhu, ; Zhenhua Yu,
| | - Lingli Long
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tuo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubin Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shunye Zhu, ; Zhenhua Yu,
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Wasfi A. Al-Masoudi, Al-Masoudi NA, Saeed BA, Winter R, Pannecouque C. Synthesis, In Vitro Anti-HIV Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Computational Studies of Some New Steroids and Their Pyrazoline and Oxime Analogues. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020050039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Veronesi F, Vandenbulcke F, Ashmore K, Di Matteo B, Nicoli Aldini N, Martini L, Fini M, Kon E. Meniscectomy-induced osteoarthritis in the sheep model for the investigation of therapeutic strategies: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2020; 44:779-793. [PMID: 32025798 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the major risk factors for OA is meniscectomy (Mx) that causes a rapid and progressive OA. Mx has been employed in various animal models, especially in large ones, to study preclinical safety and strategy effectiveness to counteract OA. The aim of the present study is to review in vivo studies, performed in sheep and published in the last ten years. METHODS The search strategy was performed in three websites: www.scopus.com, www.pubmed.com, and www.webofknowledge.com, using "Meniscectomy and osteoarthritis in sheep" keywords. RESULTS The 25 included studies performed unilateral total medial Mx (MMx), unilateral partial MMx, bilateral MMx, unilateral total lateral Mx (LMx), unilateral partial LMx, and bilateral LMx and MMx combined with anterior cruciate ligament transaction. The most frequently performed is the unilateral total MMx that increases changes in cartilage and subchondral bone more than the other techniques. Gross evaluations, histology, radiography, and biochemical tests are used to assess the degree of OA. The most widely tested treatments are related to scaffolds with or without mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSION OA therapeutic strategies require the use of large animal models due to similarities with human joint anatomy. A protocol for future in vivo studies on post-traumatic OA is clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Filippo Vandenbulcke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano - Milan, Italy
| | - Kevin Ashmore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano - Milan, Italy
| | - Berardo Di Matteo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano - Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Nicoli Aldini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Martini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elizaveta Kon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele - Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano - Milan, Italy
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11
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Vergallo C, Torrieri G, Provenzani R, Miettinen S, Moslova K, Varjosalo M, Cristiano MC, Fresta M, Celia C, Santos HA, Cilurzo F, Di Marzio L. Design, synthesis and characterization of a PEGylated stanozolol for potential therapeutic applications. Int J Pharm 2019; 573:118826. [PMID: 31715352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Stanozolol (STZ) is a drug used to treat serious disorders like aplastic anemia and hereditary angioedema. It is also indicated as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of vascular disorders and growth failures. Encouraging results obtained using animal models demonstrated that STZ increases bone formation and mineralization, thus improving both density and biomechanical properties. Like natural androgens, such as TST and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), STZ binds androgen receptor (AR) to activate AR-mediated signaling. Despite its therapeutic effects, this synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS), or 5α-DHT derivative, due to its high lipophilicity, is poor soluble in water. Thus, to increase the water solubility and stability of STZ, as well as its bioavailability and efficacy, an innovative PEGylated STZ (STZ conjugated with (MeO-PEG-NH2)10kDa, (MeO-PEG-NH)10kDa-STZ) was synthesized. As confirmed by chromatography (RP-HPLC) and spectrometry (ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR, elemental CHNS(O) analysis, MALDI-TOF/TOF) analyses, a very pure, stable and soluble compound was obtained. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) competitive ELISA demonstrated that the resulting PEGylated STZ competes against biological TST, especially at lower concentrations. Cytotoxicity of increasing concentrations (1, 10, 25 or 50 µM) of STZ and/or (MeO-PEG-NH)10kDa-STZ was also evaluated for up 80 h by performing the MTT assay on human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells, which express AR and are responsive to STZ. PEGylation mitigated cytotoxicity of STZ, by increasing the cell viability values, especially at higher drug concentrations. Furthermore, these results suggest that (MeO-PEG-NH)10kDa-STZ is a promising and reliable drug to be used in clinical conditions in which TST is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vergallo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giulia Torrieri
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riccardo Provenzani
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini Miettinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karina Moslova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa, Via "S. Venuta" s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Via "S. Venuta" s.n.c., I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, I-66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland(g).
| | - Felisa Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, I-66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
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12
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Bapat S, Hubbard D, Munjal A, Hunter M, Fulzele S. Pros and cons of mouse models for studying osteoarthritis. Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:36. [PMID: 30460596 PMCID: PMC6246759 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic conditions in the world today. It results in breakdown of cartilage in joints and causes the patient to experience intense pain and even disability. The pathophysiology of OA is not fully understood; therefore, there is currently no cure for OA. Many researchers are investigating the pathophysiology of the disease and attempting to develop methods to alleviate the symptoms or cure the OA entirely using animal models. Most studies on OA use animal models; this is necessary as the disease develops very slowly in humans and presents differently in each patient. This makes it difficult to effectively study the progression of osteoarthritis. Animal models can be spontaneous, in which OA naturally occurs in the animal. Genetic modifications can be used to make the mice more susceptible to developing OA. Osteoarthritis can also be induced via surgery, chemical injections, or non-invasive trauma. This review aims to describe animal models of inducing osteoarthritis with a focus on the models used on mice and their advantages and disadvantages that each model presents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santul Bapat
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Daniel Hubbard
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Akul Munjal
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Monte Hunter
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA. .,Institute of Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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13
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Ghiacci G, Lumetti S, Manfredi E, Mori D, Macaluso GM, Sala R. Stanozolol promotes osteogenic gene expression and apposition of bone mineral in vitro. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 27:e20180014. [PMID: 30427473 PMCID: PMC6223784 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stanozolol (ST) is a synthetic androgen with high anabolic potential. Although it is known that androgens play a positive role in bone metabolism, ST action on bone cells has not been sufficiently tested to support its clinical use for bone augmentation procedures. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of ST on osteogenic activity and gene expression in SaOS-2 cells. Material and Methods: SaOS-2 deposition of mineralizing matrix in response to increasing doses of ST (0-1000 nM) was evaluated through Alizarin Red S and Calcein Green staining techniques at 6, 12 and 24 days. Gene expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), vitamin D receptor (VDR), osteopontin (SPP1) and osteonectin (ON) was analyzed by RT-PCR. Results: ST significantly influenced SaOS-2 osteogenic activity: stainings showed the presence of rounded calcified nodules, which increased both in number and in size over time and depending on ST dose. RT-PCR highlighted ST modulation of genes related to osteogenic differentiation. Conclusions: This study provided encouraging results, showing ST promoted the osteogenic commitment of SaOS-2 cells. Further studies are required to validate these data in primary osteoblasts and to investigate ST molecular pathway of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ghiacci
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy. Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy
| | - Simone Lumetti
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy. Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy
| | - Edoardo Manfredi
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy. Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy
| | - Daniele Mori
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Unità di Patologia Generale, Parma. Italy
| | - Guido Maria Macaluso
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy. Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Parma. Italy.,Istituto dei Materiali per l'Elettronica ed il Magnetismo (IMEM) - CNR, Parma. Italy
| | - Roberto Sala
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Unità di Patologia Generale, Parma. Italy
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14
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Castro Martins M, Peffers MJ, Lee K, Rubio-Martinez LM. Effects of stanozolol on normal and IL-1β-stimulated equine chondrocytes in vitro. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:103. [PMID: 29554899 PMCID: PMC5859414 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intra-articular administration of stanozolol has shown promising results by improving the clinical management of lameness associated with naturally-occurring osteoarthritis (OA) in horses, and by decreasing osteophyte formation and subchondral bone reaction in sheep following surgically induced OA. However, there is limited evidence on the anti-inflammatory and modulatory properties of stanozolol on articular tissues. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of stanozolol on chondrocyte viability and gene expression in normal equine chondrocytes and an inflammatory in vitro system of OA (interleukin-1β (IL-1β) treated chondrocytes). Results Chondrocytes from normal metacarpophalangeal joints of skeletally mature horses were exposed to four treatment groups: (1) media only (2) media+IL-1β (3) media+IL-1β + stanozolol (4) media+stanozolol. Following exposure, chondrocyte viability and the expression of catabolic, anabolic and structural genes were determined. General linear models with Dunnet’s comparisons with Bonferroni’s adjustment were performed. Cell viability was similar in all groups. Stanozolol treatment reduced gene expression of MMP-13, MMP-1, IL-6 and COX-2 in both normal and IL-1β treated chondrocytes. Stanozolol treatment reduced ADAMTS4 gene expression in normal chondrocytes. Stanozolol reduced the expression of COL2A1. Conclusions The current study demonstrates stanozolol has chondroprotective effects through downregulation of genes for pro-inflammatory/catabolic cytokines and enzymes associated with OA. However, there is no evidence of increased cartilage stimulation through upregulation of the anabolic and structural genes tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Castro Martins
- Department of Equine Clinical Studies, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Katie Lee
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Luis M Rubio-Martinez
- Department of Equine Clinical Studies, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
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15
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Ghiacci G, Graiani G, Cacchioli A, Galli C, Lumetti S, Ravanetti F, Elviri L, Manfredi E, Macaluso GM, Sala R. Stanozolol-soaked grafts enhance new bone formation in rat calvarial critical-size defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:045016. [PMID: 28746051 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa71bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Androgen hormones play a significant role in regulating bone morphogenesis and in maintaining bone homeostasis throughout life. This study aimed to investigate the local effects of the non-aromatizable androgen stanozolol (ST) on bone regeneration in rats. Bilateral critical-size defects were created in the parietal bone of 26 male Wistar rats: the defect on one side was filled with a deproteinized bovine bone scaffold (DBB) soaked in ST solution (test) and the contralateral with DBB alone (control). Samples were collected at one month and three months. Histomorphometry revealed a significantly higher new bone formation (NB) (24.41% ± 4.14% versus 15.01% ± 2.43%, p < 0.05) and mineral apposition rate (MAR) (9.20 μm/day ± 0.37 versus 6.50 μm/day ± 1.09, p < 0.05) in the test versus control group at one month. Accordingly, real time-polymerase chain reaction revealed a consistently higher Runx2 expression in test samples (fold change test/control: 4.50 ± 1.17, p ≤ 0.05). No morphometrical differences between groups were detected at three months (p > 0.05). However, test samples were characterized by an increase in blood capillary density from one month (11.43 n mm-2 ± 2.01) to three months (28.26 n mm-2 ± 5.62), providing evidence of a vital remodeling tissue. Control samples presented a decrease of anti-Osterix (SP7)/anti-osteocalcin (BGLAP) (3.9 n mm-2 ± 0.32 versus 1.01 n mm-2 ± 0.20) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (12.14 n mm-2 ± 6.29 versus 6.29 n mm-2 ± 2.73) immunohistochemical-positive elements, which was suggestive of a stabilized healing phase. Based on these observations, local ST administration boosted bone regeneration in rat calvarial critical-size defects at one month. This study showed the potential of local steroid delivery in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ghiacci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma. Italy
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16
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Nebot E, Aparicio VA, Camiletti-Moirón D, Martinez R, Erben RG, Kapravelou G, Sánchez-González C, De Teresa C, Porres JM, López-Jurado M, Aranda P, Pietschmann P. Stanozolol Decreases Bone Turnover Markers, Increases Mineralization, and Alters Femoral Geometry in Male Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 98:609-18. [PMID: 26801156 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Stanozonol (ST) is a synthetic derivative of testosterone; it has anabolic/androgenic activity, increasing both the turnover of trabecular bone and the endocortical apposition of bone. The present study aimed to examine the effects of ST on bone status in rats by bone mineral content, markers of formation and resorption, bone density, and structural and microarchitectural parameters. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into two experimental groups corresponding to placebo or ST administration, which consisted of weekly intramuscular injections of 10 mg/kg body weight of ST. Plasma parameters were analyzed by immunoassay. Bone mineral content was determined by spectrophotometry. Bone mineral density (BMD) and structural parameters were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and trabecular and cortical microarchitecture by micro-computed tomography. Plasma Ca, Mg, and alkaline phosphatase were higher, and urinary Ca excretion, corticosterone, and testosterone concentrations lower in the ST group. Femur Ca content was higher and P content was lower in the ST, whereas osteocalcin, aminoterminal propeptides of type I procollagen, and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen were lower. Total cross-sectional, trabecular, and cortical/subcortical areas were lower in the ST. No differences were observed on BMD and area parameters of the diaphysis as well as on trabecular and cortical microarchitecture. The use of ST increases bone mineralization, ash percentage, and Ca and Mg content in femur. In spite of an absence of changes in BMD, geometric metaphyseal changes were observed. We conclude that ST alters bone geometry, leads to low bone turnover, and thus may impair bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nebot
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - V A Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Camiletti-Moirón
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - R Martinez
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - R G Erben
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Kapravelou
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - C Sánchez-González
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - C De Teresa
- Andaluzian Sport Medicine Centre, San Juan de Dios Universitary Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - J M Porres
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M López-Jurado
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - P Aranda
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - P Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Rinnovati R, Romagnoli N, Spadari A. Dose-Finding Study for Intraarticular Treatment With Stanozolol in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Remst DFG, Blaney Davidson EN, van der Kraan PM. Unravelling osteoarthritis-related synovial fibrosis: a step closer to solving joint stiffness. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 54:1954-63. [PMID: 26175472 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial fibrosis is often found in OA, contributing heavily to joint pain and joint stiffness, the main symptoms of OA. At this moment the underlying mechanism of OA-related synovial fibrosis is not known and there is no cure available. In this review we discuss factors that have been reported to be involved in synovial fibrosis. The aim of the study was to gain insight into how these factors contribute to the fibrotic process and to determine the best targets for therapy in synovial fibrosis. In this regard, the following factors are discussed: TGF-β, connective tissue growth factor, procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 12, urotensin-II, prostaglandin F2α and hyaluronan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis F G Remst
- Radboud University Medical Center, Experimental Rheumatology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Radboud University Medical Center, Experimental Rheumatology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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19
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Spadari A, Rinnovati R, Babbini S, Romagnoli N. Clinical Evaluation of Intra-articular Administration of Stanozolol to Manage Lameness Associated With Acute and Chronic Osteoarthritis in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Identification of black market products and potential doping agents in Germany 2010–2013. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 70:1303-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-014-1743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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