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Kerschan-Schindl K, Hackl M, Boschitsch E, Föger-Samwald U, Nägele O, Skalicky S, Weigl M, Grillari J, Pietschmann P. Diagnostic Performance of a Panel of miRNAs (OsteomiR) for Osteoporosis in a Cohort of Postmenopausal Women. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:725-737. [PMID: 33427926 PMCID: PMC8166674 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A specific signature of 19 circulating miRNAs (osteomiRs) has been reported to be associated with fragility fractures due to postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, it is unknown whether osteoporotic fractures or low BMD phenotypes are independently contributing to changes in osteomiR serum levels. The first aim was to characterize the abundance, sensitivity to hemolysis, and correlation of osteomiR serum levels, the second objective to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of osteomiRs for osteoporosis according to the WHO criteria and on basis of major osteoporotic fracture history. Fifty postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (with or without fragility fracture) and 50 non-osteoporotic women were included in this cross-sectional study. The diagnostic performance of osteomiRs for osteoporosis based on the WHO definition or fracture history was evaluated using multiple logistic regression and receiver-operator curve (AUC) analysis. The osteomiR® signature is composed of four clusters of miRNAs providing good performance for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women defined by WHO criteria (AUC = 0.830) and based on history of major osteoporotic fractures (AUC = 0.834). The classification performance for the WHO criteria and for fracture risk is driven by miR-375 and miR-203a, respectively. OsteomiRs, a signature of 19 emerging miRNA bone biomarkers, are measurable in human serum samples. They constitute a panel of independent bone and muscle biomarkers, which in combination could serve as diagnostic biomarkers for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kerschan-Schindl
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - M Hackl
- TAmiRNA GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Boschitsch
- KLIMAX Menopause and Osteoporosis Clinic, Vienna, Austria
| | - U Föger-Samwald
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - O Nägele
- KLIMAX Menopause and Osteoporosis Clinic, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - M Weigl
- TAmiRNA GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Grillari
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1220, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Pietschmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Schamall D, Nebot Valenzuela E, Pietschmann P, Tangl S, Edelmayer M, Dobsak T, Teschler-Nicola M. Microstructural analysis of bony alterations in a historic case of actinomycosis. Int J Paleopathol 2020; 30:1-9. [PMID: 32109842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Actinomycosis infection of bone is rare and its diagnosis challenging. Here, we aim to identify and verify its microstructural features and the potential value for differential diagnosis. MATERIALS We investigated the dry preparation of the lumbar vertebrae and pelvic ring of a purported case of actinomycosis documented by a post-mortem examination in 1891. METHODS Macroscopic inspection, conventional radiology, μCT, 3D reconstruction, and histological examination were employed. RESULTS All approaches revealed new periosteal bone deposition with increased vascularisation of the os coxa, vertebrae, and sacrum. The μCT revealed cortical loss underneath the new bone formation; the 3D reconstruction and histological examination revealed plexiform bone and granular structures. CONCLUSIONS The plexiform bone is the result of reactive rapid growth and remodelling processes, and is consistent with pathomorphological findings summarised in the autopsy report (soft tissue abscesses and formation of fistulas caused by "Actinomycosis intestine et ossis ilei sin."). SIGNIFICANCE This is the first case of a historically documented case of actinomycosis infection investigated by μCT and histology. Different degrees of tissue damage and inflammatory reaction in form of plexiform bone, which has not been reported previously, was identified. LIMITATIONS The noted bone tissue modifications are not solely pathognomic of actinomycosis; they characterise other diseases, as well. Histological evaluation is not appropriate for identifying the aetiology of the granular structures observed here; but clinically such aggregations appear in tissue affected by actinomycosis. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Histochemical and molecular-genetic analyses are obligatory to affirm the diagnosis based on micromorphological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schamall
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Anatomy, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Str. 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - E Nebot Valenzuela
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Campus universitario Cartuja, s/n. 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - P Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - S Tangl
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, University Clinic of Dentistry Vienna, Senseng. 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - M Edelmayer
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria; Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry Vienna, Senseng. 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - T Dobsak
- Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, University Clinic of Dentistry Vienna, Senseng. 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria.
| | - M Teschler-Nicola
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
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Wakolbinger R, Muschitz C, Scheriau G, Bodlaj G, Kocijan R, Feichtinger X, Schanda JE, Haschka J, Resch H, Pietschmann P. Bone microarchitecture and bone turnover in hepatic cirrhosis. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:1195-1204. [PMID: 30788527 PMCID: PMC6546655 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver cirrhosis leads to bone loss. To date, information on bone quality (three-dimensional microarchitecture) and, thus, bone strength is scarce. We observed decreased bone quality at both assessed sites, independent of disease severity. Therefore, all patients should undergo early-stage screening for osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION Recent studies found low bone mineral density in cirrhosis, but data on bone microstructure are scarce. This study assessed weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing bones in patients with cirrhosis and healthy controls. The primary objective was to evaluate trabecular and cortical microarchitecture. METHODS This was a single-center study in patients with recently diagnosed hepatic cirrhosis. Thirty-two patients and 32 controls participated in this study. After determining the type of cirrhosis, the parameters of bone microarchitecture were assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. RESULTS Both cortical and trabecular microarchitectures showed significant alterations. At the radius, trabecular bone volume fraction was 17% lower (corrected p = 0.028), and, at the tibia, differences were slightly more pronounced. Trabecular bone volume fraction was 19% lower (p = 0.024), cortical bone mineral density 7% (p = 0.007), and cortical thickness 28% (p = 0.001), while cortical porosity was 32% higher (p = 0.023), compared to controls. Areal bone mineral density was lower (lumbar spine - 13%, total hip - 11%, total body - 9%, radius - 17%, and calcaneus - 26%). There was no correlation between disease severity and microarchitecture. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) correlated well with parameters of cortical and trabecular microarchitecture. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic cirrhosis deteriorates both trabecular and cortical microarchitecture, regardless of disease severity. Areal bone mineral density is diminished at all sites as a sign of generalized affection. In patients with hepatic cirrhosis, regardless of its origin or disease severity, aBMD measurements are an appropriate tool for osteologic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wakolbinger
- Medical Department II-The VINFORCE Study Group, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Danube Hospital-Social Medical Center East, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Langobardenstraße 122, A-1220, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Muschitz
- Medical Department II-The VINFORCE Study Group, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, A-1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - G Scheriau
- Medical Department II-The VINFORCE Study Group, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Bodlaj
- Medical Department II-The VINFORCE Study Group, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Kocijan
- Medical Department II-The VINFORCE Study Group, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - X Feichtinger
- Medical Department II-The VINFORCE Study Group, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
- AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, Kundratstraße 37, A-1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - J E Schanda
- Medical Department II-The VINFORCE Study Group, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
- AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, Kundratstraße 37, A-1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Haschka
- Medical Department II-The VINFORCE Study Group, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Resch
- Medical Department II-The VINFORCE Study Group, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
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Muschitz C, Kocijan R, Baierl A, Dormann R, Feichtinger X, Haschka J, Szivak M, Muschitz GK, Schanda J, Pietschmann P, Resch H, Dimai HP. Preceding and subsequent high- and low-trauma fracture patterns-a 13-year epidemiological study in females and males in Austria. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1609-1618. [PMID: 28138718 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-3925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study investigated the implication of a preceding high-trauma fracture on subsequent high- and low-trauma fractures at different skeletal sites in postmenopausal women and similarly aged men at an age range of 54 to 70 years. A preceding high-trauma fracture increases the risk of future low-trauma non-vertebral fractures including hip. INTRODUCTION Little is known about the impact of the skeletal fracture site in conjunction with the severity of a past fracture (high- or low-trauma preceding fracture) and its effect on future fracture risk. METHODS Patients with de novo high- and low-trauma fractures admitted to seven large trauma centers across Austria between 2000 and 2012 were stratified into sex and different age groups. Kaplan-Meier estimates, Cox proportional hazards regression models (HR), and likelihood calculations estimated effects of age, sex, and the anatomic region on the probability of a subsequent fracture in the same patient. RESULTS Included in the study were 433,499 female and male patients at an age range of 0 to 100 years with 575,772 de novo high- and low-trauma fractures. In the age range of 54-70 years, subsequent fractures were observed in 16% of females and 12.1% of males. A preceding high-trauma fracture was associated with 12.9% of subsequent fractures, thereof 6.5% of high- and 6.4% of low-trauma in origin, usually at the hip, humerus, or pelvis. The highest effect sizes were observed for femur, humerus, and thorax fractures with hazard ratios (HR) of 1.26, 1.18, and 1.14. After splitting into high-trauma preceding and subsequent low-trauma fractures, the femoral neck (HR = 1.59), the female sex (HR = 2.02), and age (HR = 1.03) were discriminators for increased future fracture risk. CONCLUSIONS Preceding high-trauma fractures increase the risk of future low-trauma non-vertebral fractures including hip. For each patient with a fracture, regardless of the severity of the trauma, osteoporosis should be taken into clinical consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Muschitz
- St. Vincent Hospital Vienna, Medical Department II-Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, VINFORCE, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - R Kocijan
- St. Vincent Hospital Vienna, Medical Department II-Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, VINFORCE, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Baierl
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, The University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Dormann
- St. Vincent Hospital Vienna, Medical Department II-Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, VINFORCE, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - X Feichtinger
- St. Vincent Hospital Vienna, Medical Department II-Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, VINFORCE, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, Kundratstrasse 37, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Haschka
- St. Vincent Hospital Vienna, Medical Department II-Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, VINFORCE, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Szivak
- Austrian Trauma Insurance Agency (AUVA), Adalbert-Stifter-Strasse 65, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - G K Muschitz
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Schanda
- AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, Kundratstrasse 37, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, The Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Resch
- St. Vincent Hospital Vienna, Medical Department II-Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, VINFORCE, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Stumpergasse 13, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Bone Diseases Unit-Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud University, Freudplatz 1, 1020, Vienna, Austria
| | - H P Dimai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036, Graz, Austria
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Wagner F, Dvorak G, Nemec S, Pietschmann P, Figl M, Seemann R. A principal components analysis: how pneumatization and edentulism contribute to maxillary atrophy. Oral Dis 2016; 23:55-61. [PMID: 27537271 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the role of sinus pneumatization and residual ridge resorption in maxillary bone loss in 400 computed tomography (CT) scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 200 dentate and 200 edentulous patients, both sinuses were analysed using CT scans. The image analysis sequence consisted of manual placement of 24 reference points, followed by automated segmentation and final manual refinement. Finally, a principal components analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 788 sinuses were included into the analysis. The edentulous group (98 female: 67.77 ± 11.28 years, 99 male: 65.22 ± 9.87) was significantly older than the group with teeth (99 female: 46.89 ± 16.77 years, 96 male: 49.74 ± 16.2). Female and male patients did not differ regarding age. The alveolar height differed significantly between the groups (edentulous: 7.1 ± 4.3 mm, with teeth: 9.7 ± 4.1 mm), but not between gender (female: 8.3 ± 4.4 mm, male: 8.5 ± 4.4 mm). Principal components analysis was able to explain 90% of the variation in sinus morphology. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged edentulism in the maxillary molar region leads to centripetal and to minor degrees centrifugal ridge resorption. Minor pneumatization occurs in the sinus walls, but the sinus depth underlies the anatomical variation independent of dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wagner
- University Clinic for Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Dvorak
- University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Nemec
- University Clinic for Radiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Pietschmann
- Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Figl
- Centre for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Seemann
- University Clinic for Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Nebot E, Aparicio VA, Camiletti-Moirón D, Martinez R, Erben RG, Kapravelou G, Sánchez-González C, De Teresa C, Porres JM, López-Jurado M, Aranda P, Pietschmann P. Stanozolol Decreases Bone Turnover Markers, Increases Mineralization, and Alters Femoral Geometry in Male Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 98:609-18. [PMID: 26801156 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Stanozonol (ST) is a synthetic derivative of testosterone; it has anabolic/androgenic activity, increasing both the turnover of trabecular bone and the endocortical apposition of bone. The present study aimed to examine the effects of ST on bone status in rats by bone mineral content, markers of formation and resorption, bone density, and structural and microarchitectural parameters. Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into two experimental groups corresponding to placebo or ST administration, which consisted of weekly intramuscular injections of 10 mg/kg body weight of ST. Plasma parameters were analyzed by immunoassay. Bone mineral content was determined by spectrophotometry. Bone mineral density (BMD) and structural parameters were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and trabecular and cortical microarchitecture by micro-computed tomography. Plasma Ca, Mg, and alkaline phosphatase were higher, and urinary Ca excretion, corticosterone, and testosterone concentrations lower in the ST group. Femur Ca content was higher and P content was lower in the ST, whereas osteocalcin, aminoterminal propeptides of type I procollagen, and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen were lower. Total cross-sectional, trabecular, and cortical/subcortical areas were lower in the ST. No differences were observed on BMD and area parameters of the diaphysis as well as on trabecular and cortical microarchitecture. The use of ST increases bone mineralization, ash percentage, and Ca and Mg content in femur. In spite of an absence of changes in BMD, geometric metaphyseal changes were observed. We conclude that ST alters bone geometry, leads to low bone turnover, and thus may impair bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nebot
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - V A Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Camiletti-Moirón
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - R Martinez
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - R G Erben
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Kapravelou
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - C Sánchez-González
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - C De Teresa
- Andaluzian Sport Medicine Centre, San Juan de Dios Universitary Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - J M Porres
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M López-Jurado
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - P Aranda
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus universitario de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - P Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Lamm C, Dockner M, Pospischek B, Winter E, Patzak B, Pretterklieber M, Weber GW, Pietschmann P. Micro-CT analyses of historical bone samples presenting with osteomyelitis. Skeletal Radiol 2015; 44:1507-14. [PMID: 26146361 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-015-2203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of the bone marrow mainly caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. It typically affects long bones, e.g. femora, tibiae and humeri. Recently micro-computed tomography (μCT) techniques offer the opportunity to investigate bone micro-architecture in great detail. Since there is no information on long bone microstructure in osteomyelitis, we studied historic bone samples with osteomyelitis by μCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated 23 femora of 22 individuals suffering from osteomyelitis provided by the Collection of Anatomical Pathology, Museum of Natural History, Vienna (average age 44 ±19 years); 9 femora from body donors made available by the Department of Applied Anatomy, Medical University of Vienna (age range, 56-102 years) were studied as controls. Bone microstructure was assessed by μCT VISCOM X 8060 II with a minimal resolution of 18 μm. RESULTS In the osteomyelitic femora, most prominent alterations were seen in the cortical compartment. In 71.4% of the individuals with osteomyelitis, cortical porosity occurred. 57.1% of the individuals showed cortical thinning. In 42.9% trabecularisation of cortical bone was observed. CONCLUSION Osteomyelitis is associated with severe alterations of cortical bone structure otherwise typically observed at old age such as cortical porosity and cortical thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lamm
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna (MUV), Vienna, Austria,
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Wagner F, Dvorak G, Pillerstorff R, Traxler H, Nemec S, Pietschmann P, Seemann R. Anatomical preconditions for the palatal sinus floor augmentation—A three-dimensional feasibility study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:1303-8. [PMID: 26169998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical feasibility of palatal sinus floor augmentation. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 100 men and 100 women, both sinuses were analyzed using computed tomography. The patients were divided into four anatomical groups according to the remaining alveolar bone height: group 1 (0 ≤ × < 4), group 2 (4 ≤ × < 8), group 3 (8 ≤ × < 12), and group 4 (≥12). RESULTS The 400 maxillary sinuses consisted of 23.5% (n = 94) group 1, 42.75% (n = 171) group 2, 23.5% (n = 98) group 3, and 9.25% (n = 37) group 4 sinuses. Optimal anatomical preconditions for palatal sinus floor augmentations (i.e., ≥5 mm height and <5 mm thickness of the window lid) were found in 93.6% of group 1 sinuses, 73.7% of group 2 sinuses, 23.5% of group 3 sinuses, and 5.4% of group 4 sinuses. CONCLUSION The palatal approach is feasible in 93.6% of patients with remnant alveolar height of up to 4 mm. Limitations are alveolar heights of ≤5 mm as well as great palatal thickness and thus limited dimensions for a possible palatal window.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wagner
- University Clinic for Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - G Dvorak
- Bernhard Gottlieb Dental University Clinic, Medical University Vienna, Austria.
| | - R Pillerstorff
- University Clinic for Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - H Traxler
- Department for Systematic Anatomy, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - S Nemec
- University Clinic for Radiology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - P Pietschmann
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - R Seemann
- University Clinic for Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria
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Rauner M, Föger-Samwald U, Kurz MF, Brünner-Kubath C, Schamall D, Kapfenberger A, Varga P, Kudlacek S, Wutzl A, Höger H, Zysset PK, Shi GP, Hofbauer LC, Sipos W, Pietschmann P. Cathepsin S controls adipocytic and osteoblastic differentiation, bone turnover, and bone microarchitecture. Bone 2014; 64:281-7. [PMID: 24780878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin S is a cysteine protease that controls adipocyte differentiation and has been implicated in vascular and metabolic complications of obesity. Considering the inverse relation of osteoblasts and adipocytes and their mutual precursor cell, we hypothesized that cathepsin S may also affect osteoblast differentiation and bone remodeling. Thus, the fat and bone phenotypes of young (3 months old) and aged (12 or 18 months old) cathepsin S knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were determined. Cathepsin S KO mice had a normal body weight at both ages investigated, even though the amount of subscapular and gonadal fat pads was reduced by 20%. Further, cathepsin S deficiency impaired adipocyte formation (-38%, p<0.001), which was accompanied by a lower expression of adipocyte-related genes and a reduction in serum leptin, IL-6 and CCL2 (p<0.001). Micro-CT analysis revealed an unchanged trabecular bone volume fraction and density, while tissue mineral density was significantly lower in cathepsin S KO mice at both ages. Aged KO mice further had a lower cortical bone mass (-2.3%, p<0.05). At the microarchitectural level, cathepsin S KO mice had thinner trabeculae (-8.3%), but a better connected trabecular network (+24%). Serum levels of the bone formation marker type 1 procollagen amino-terminal-propeptide and osteocalcin were both 2-3-fold higher in cathepsin S KO mice as was the mineralized surface. Consistently, osteogenic differentiation was increased 2-fold along with an increased expression of osteoblast-specific genes. Interestingly, serum levels of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were also higher (+43%) in cathepsin S KO mice as were histological osteoclast parameters and ex vivo osteoclast differentiation. Thus, cathepsin S deficiency alters the balance between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation, increases bone turnover, and changes bone microarchitecture. Therefore, bone and fat metabolisms should be monitored when using cathepsin S inhibitors clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rauner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Dresden Technical University Medical Center, Germany
| | - U Föger-Samwald
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - M F Kurz
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - C Brünner-Kubath
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - D Schamall
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - A Kapfenberger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - P Varga
- Vienna University of Technology, Austria
| | - S Kudlacek
- Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Wutzl
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Höger
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P K Zysset
- Vienna University of Technology, Austria
| | - G P Shi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - L C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Dresden Technical University Medical Center, Germany; Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Germany
| | - W Sipos
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - P Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Kerschan-Schindl K, Mikosch P, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Gasser R, Dimai HP, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Dobnig H, Roschger P, Preisinger E, Klaushofer K, Resch H, Pietschmann P. Current Controversies in Clinical Management of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2014; 122:437-44. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1374610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kerschan-Schindl
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Medical University of Vienna
| | - P. Mikosch
- 1st Medical Department and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna
| | - B. Obermayer-Pietsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz
| | - R. Gasser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck
| | - H.-P. Dimai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz
| | - A. Fahrleitner-Pammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Graz
| | - H. Dobnig
- Schilddrüsen Endokrinologie Osteoporose Institut Dobnig GmbH, Graz
| | - P. Roschger
- 1st Medical Department and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna
| | - E. Preisinger
- Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Krankenhaus Hietzing mit Neurologischem Zentrum Rosenhügel, Vienna
| | - K. Klaushofer
- 1st Medical Department and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna
| | - H. Resch
- Department II Rheumatology/Osteology & Gastroenterology, St Vincent Hospital, Vienna
| | - P. Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna
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11
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Lechleitner M, Pils K, Roller-Wirnsberger R, Beubler E, Gasser R, Mrak P, Hoppichler F, Pietschmann P. [Diabetes and osteoporosis: pathophysiological interactions and clinical importance for geriatric patients]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 46:390-7. [PMID: 23864319 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-013-0518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an age-associated disease, resulting in impaired bone quality and increased risk for bone fractures. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have--despite a normal or even increased bone mineral density--an increased risk for fractures, which is related to an imbalance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic resorption. Complex pathophysiological mechanisms associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia are involved in the deleterious effects on osteoblast function and bone formation. The quality and regimen of antidiabetic therapy are discussed as modulators of bone metabolism. Of great clinical importance is an assessment of the fall risk especially for diabetic patients, because late complications, such as neuropathy, but also side effects of medication can result in a significantly increased risk for falls. Lifestyle intervention is of advantage with respect to diabetes and osteoporosis prevention and therapy. Vitamin D supplementation results in favorable effects with a reduced risk for falls and also improvements of insulin sensitivity. According to published data, the safety and efficacy of specific medication for the treatment of osteoporosis (bisphosphonates, denosumab, selective estrogen receptor modulators) reveal no difference between patients with and without diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lechleitner
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Landeskrankenhaus Hochzirl, Anna-Dengel Haus, 6170, Zirl, Österreich.
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12
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Kerschan-Schindl K, Haschka J, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Gasser RW, Dimai HP, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Dobnig H, Roschger P, Preisinger E, Klaushofer K, Resch H, Pietschmann P. How long should women with postmenopausal osteoporosis be treated with a bisphosphonate? Horm Metab Res 2013; 45:621-8. [PMID: 23757119 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1345207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are very frequently prescribed to women suffering from postmenopausal osteoporosis with or without fragility fractures. The present review was aimed to update the available information on the most efficient treatment duration. Studies on bisphosphonate treatment duration were identified by Medline up to January 2013. Bisphosphonates are very effective in the short as well as in the medium-term. However, the optimal duration of use has not been determined yet. Therefore, this review summarizes the long-term effects of bisphosphonates on surrogate parameters of fracture prevention, bone mineral density measurements, and bone turnover markers. An initial treatment period of 3-5 years is recommended. Then, the patient has to be re-evaluated for fracture risk, which depends on fracture status as well as on other health issues. Beyond that, life style factors such as regular physical activity as well as a sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D or, if necessary supplementation of calcium and/or vitamin D play an essential part in fracture prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kerschan-Schindl
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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13
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Gosch M, Kammerlander C, Pils K, Lechleitner M, Benvenuti-Falger U, Roth T, Joosten-Gstrein B, Pietschmann P. Therapie der Osteoporose beim geriatrischen Patienten. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 45:417-28; quiz 429. [DOI: 10.1007/s00391-012-0336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Kerschan-Schindl K, Riss P, Krestan C, Rauner M, Bieglmayer C, Gleiss A, Fialka-Moser V, Niederle B, Pietschmann P. Bone metabolism in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism before and after surgery. Horm Metab Res 2012; 44:476-81. [PMID: 22495973 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1308998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is accompanied with a reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and an increased risk of fracture. Surgery is the only option for cure. It is hypothesized that in patients with PHPT bone metabolism normalizes after parathyroidectomy (PTX) and that BMD gradually increases. Fifty-two patients with PHPT who underwent surgery were prospectively followed for 1 year. Biochemical analyses were performed at baseline and 1, 4, 7 days; 6 weeks; and 3, 6, and 12 months, and BMD before and one year after surgery. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and the bone resorption marker dropped immediately, but transiently after PTX, bone formation decreased more slowly. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) as well as cathepsin K did not show significant changes. BMD of the lumbar spine, but not of the femoral neck, increased significantly within one year after surgery. Moderate correlations existed between the changes of total calcium, ionized calcium, as well as bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and changes of the lumbar BMD. Patients who needed postoperative supplementation with calcium and vitamin D had significantly higher PTH levels. Some gender-specific differences in patients with PHPT were observed. In patients with PHPT, males appear to be more severely affected than females. Within the first year after PTX, bone metabolism normalized, and BMD of the lumbar spine increased. Patients who needed a supplementation with calcium and vitamin D after PTX preoperatively had higher serum levels of PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kerschan-Schindl
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Sipos W, Zysset P, Kostenuik P, Mayrhofer E, Bogdan C, Rauner M, Stolina M, Dwyer D, Sommerfeld-Stur I, Pendl G, Resch H, Dall'Ara E, Varga P, Pietschmann P. OPG-Fc treatment in growing pigs leads to rapid reductions in bone resorption markers, serum calcium, and bone formation markers. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:944-9. [PMID: 22161252 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1295463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is a novel therapeutic option in the treatment of osteoporosis and related diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone metabolism and structure in pigs after RANKL inhibition. 12 growing pigs were assigned to 2 groups with 6 animals each. The OPG group received recombinant human OPG-Fc (5 mg/kg IV) at day 0, the control group was given 0.9% NaCl solution. Serum levels of OPG-Fc, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and bone turnover markers were evaluated every 5 days, and pigs were euthanized on day 20. Serum OPG-Fc concentration peaked at day 5 and coincided with significantly decreased Ca, P, and bone turnover markers. By day 15, measureable OPG-Fc serum levels could only be detected in 2/6 animals. With OPG-Fc clearance starting at day 10, serum Ca and P concentrations were not different between the 2 groups. TRACP5b, P1CP, and BAP levels significantly decreased by 40-70% relative to vehicle controls in the OPG-Fc group between days 5 and 10, indicating that pharmacologic concentration of OPG-Fc led to systemic concomitant inhibition of bone formation and resorption in young growing pigs. Dual X-ray absorptiometry data derived from the proximal femur did not differ between the 2 groups. μCT analysis of selected bone sites demonstrated an OPG-Fc-induced improvement of specific bone architectural indices and bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sipos
- Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Sipos W, Kralicek E, Rauner M, Duvigneau CJ, Worliczek HL, Schamall D, Hartl RT, Sommerfeld-Stur I, Dall'Ara E, Varga P, Resch H, Schwendenwein I, Zysset P, Pietschmann P. Bone and cellular immune system of multiparous sows are insensitive to ovariectomy and nutritive calcium shortage. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:404-9. [PMID: 21557152 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1277154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Research in osteoporosis, which is a complex systemic disease, demands suitable large animal models. In pigs, most research has been done in growing minipigs, which probably are not ideal models for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Therefore, our aim was to analyze the effects of ovariectomy (OVX) and nutritive calcium shortage on multiparous Large White sows. 32 animals were randomly assigned to 4 groups in a cross design with OVX vs. sham and physiological calcium supplementation (0.75% calcium) vs. dietary calcium shortage (0.3% calcium). The observation period was 10 months with blood sampling every 2 months for hematological, immunological, and biochemical bone marker measurements. At the termination of the experiment, animals were sacrificed. Samples of trabecular bone of distal radius, proximal tibia, and sixth lumbar vertebra were subjected to micro-computed tomography imaging and ashed afterwards. Dual X-ray absorptiometry scans of the proximal femora were performed with prepared bones being placed in a water bath for mimicking soft tissue. Analyses of bone marker and cytokine profile kinetics, distribution of leukocyte subpopulations, and morphometrical and densitometrical analyses showed no evidence of any impact of OVX or calcium shortage. In conclusion, the skeleton of adult sows of a conventional breed is seemingly protected from effects of OVX and calcium shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sipos
- Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Abstract
Traditionally, patients with type 1 diabetes were regarded to be at an increased risk of fractures whereas type 2 diabetics were assumed to be protected from fractures since many of them have high bone mineral density. Nevertheless, several clinical studies consistently demonstrated that type 2 diabetes is a paradigm of a disease with an increased risk of fractures in the presence of high bone mass. The pathophysiology of decreased bone strength in diabetes mellitus is multifactorial: insulin deficiency, insulin resistance, osteoblast insufficiency, vitamin D deficiency, formation of advanced glycation end-products in bone, and microvascular complications appear to contribute. Drugs used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes also may influence bone fragility: thiazolidinedione use has been associated with an increased risk of fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Horng A, Pietschmann P, Notohamiprodjo M, Müller P, Reiser M, Glaser C. Improving image quality in shoulder MRI at 3T – BLADE vs. TSE. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1246596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Cejka D, Benesch T, Krestan C, Roschger P, Klaushofer K, Pietschmann P, Haas M. Effect of teriparatide on early bone loss after kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:1864-70. [PMID: 18786230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is associated with bone loss and a high risk of fractures. Prophylactic treatment of bone is therefore recommended in the early posttransplant period. As a large number of transplant recipients develop adynamic renal osteodystrophy, recombinant parathyroid hormone (rPTH) could be a promising therapeutic option. In a 6-month double-blind, randomized trial, 26 kidney transplant recipients were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of 20 microg teriparatide (PTH 1-34) or placebo. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck, lumbar spine and radial bone was measured at transplantation and after 6 months. Paired bone biopsies for histomorphometric analysis were obtained in six, and for measurement of bone matrix mineralization in five patients of each group. Serologic bone markers were measured at baseline and every 3 months. A total of 24 out of 26 patients completed the study. Femoral neck BMD was stable in the teriparatide group, but decreased significantly in the placebo group. Lumbar spine and radial BMD, histomorphometric bone volume and bone matrix mineralization status remained unchanged in both groups. Serologic bone markers were similarly reduced in both groups throughout the study. We conclude that teriparatide does not improve BMD early after kidney transplantation. Neither histological analysis nor bone markers provide evidence of improved bone turnover or mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cejka
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Patsch J, Woegerbauer T, Muschitz C, Pietschmann P, Resch H. T04-O-04 Severe osteoporosis with multiple vertebral fractures after gender reassignment therapy – is it male or female osteoporosis? Sexologies 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1158-1360(08)72727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Sipos W, Pietschmann P, Rauner M. Strategies for Novel Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Cytokines and Signaling Pathways of Osteoclasto- and Osteoblastogenesis in the Fight Against Immune-Mediated Bone and Joint Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2008; 15:127-36. [DOI: 10.2174/092986708783330638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Kerschan-Schindl K, Wendlova J, Kudlacek S, Gleiss A, Woloszczuk W, Pietschmann P. Serum Levels of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand (RANKL) in Healthy Women and Men. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007; 116:491-5. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-993142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Gugatschka M, Hoeller A, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Dobnig H, Pietschmann P, Kudlacek S, Obermayer-Pietsch B. Calcium supply, bone mineral density and genetically defined lactose maldigestion in a cohort of elderly men. J Endocrinol Invest 2007; 30:46-51. [PMID: 17318022 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine a relationship of molecularly defined lactose malabsorption (LM; by LCT-polymorphism) to calcium supply, bone mineral density (BMD) and parameters of bone metabolism in an elderly male cohort. Furthermore, to reveal gender differences in BMD, calcium consumption rates and parameters of bone metabolism according to LCT polymorphism in an existing female cohort. SETTING AND SUBJECTS A total of 239 men, aged 61+/-9 yr, were available from a former population based study cohort. All men were of Caucasian origin and came from the same region. Blood was sampled for genotyping of the LCT polymorphism and determination of markers of bone metabolism. All participants underwent physical examination, measurement of bone density and completed a standardized calcium questionnaire. Identical procedures had been carried out in a female cohort before (no. 350). RESULTS Distribution of the LCT genotype in the study cohort was 27% CC (associated with LM; adult-type hypolactasia), 55% TC and 18% TT (lactase persistence). Amounts of total ingested calcium were similar among the three genotype groups. Amounts of consumed milk were generally low in men, LCT polymorphism did not influence rates of milk consumption for men preferred other sources of calcium. BMD, markers of bone metabolism and fracture rates did not differ. General anthropometric characteristics did not differ between the LCT groups either. CONCLUSIONS Under conditions of low milk intake LCT polymorphism does not alter bone density, markers of bone metabolism and fractures in this cohort of elderly Caucasian men.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gugatschka
- Division of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
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24
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25
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Mikosch P, Igerc I, Kudlacek S, Woloszczuk W, Gallowitsch HJ, Kresnik E, Stettner H, Grimm G, Lind P, Pietschmann P. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand and osteoprotegerin in men with thyroid cancer. Eur J Clin Invest 2006; 36:566-73. [PMID: 16893379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01678.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suppressive thyroid hormone therapy is generally a lifelong treatment for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, long-standing thyrotropin (TSH) suppression is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) are central regulators of bone turnover. The aim was to analyze the effects of a suppressive thyroid hormone therapy in males with DTC on the OPG/RANKL system and on bone metabolism. PATIENTS AND METHODS The OPG and soluble RANKL (sRANKL) were determined in 40 men (mean age, 53.2 years) with DTC on suppressive thyroid hormone therapy (TSH; 0.053 +/- 0.037 mU L(-1), duration 5.7 +/- 4.4 years) and 120 healthy controls matched for age. The markers of bone metabolism were C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen in serum (sCTx) and osteocalcin (OC). RESULTS The control group had OPG values (mean +/- SD) of 1.9 +/- 1.0 pmol L(-1) and sRANKL values of 0.40 +/- 0.62 pmol L(-1). In patients with DTC, results for OPG were 3.03 +/- 1.04 pmol L(-1) (P < 0.05) and for sRANKL were 0.13 +/- 0.16 pmol L(-1) (P < 0.05). The control group presented values for sCTx of 2669 +/- 1132 pmol L(-1) and for OC of 17.89 +/- 6.5 ng mL(-1). Patients with DTC on suppressive thyroid hormone therapy had increased sCTx values of 3810 +/- 2020 pmol L(-1) (P = 0.03) but comparable OC values of 19.21 +/- 7.67 ng mL(-1) (NS). CONCLUSIONS Suppressive thyroid hormone therapy in men with DTC increased bone degradation and induced significant changes in the OPG/RANKL system. These changes include, besides the risk of osteoporosis, possible negative effects on the vascular function and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mikosch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Special Endocrinology, Klagenfurt State Hospital, Klagenfurt, Austria.
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26
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Gugatschka M, Dobnig H, Fahrleitner-Pammer A, Pietschmann P, Kudlacek S, Strele A, Obermayer-Pietsch B. Molecularly-defined lactose malabsorption, milk consumption and anthropometric differences in adult males. QJM 2005; 98:857-63. [PMID: 16299058 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hci140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactose malabsorption (LM) may be associated with reduced skeletal calcium content. Diagnosis to date has been based on indirect methods, with a high false-negative rate. Identification of the LCT polymorphism led to development of a PCR-based test. AIM To evaluate the PCR-based test compared to a combination the hydrogen breath test and the lactose tolerance test, and investigate anthropometrical differences, changes in bone mineral density and oral calcium intake according to LCT polymorphism and milk-drinking habits. METHODS All participants (n = 278) underwent clinical examination, with measurement of height, weight and bone density (DXA), and were genotyped for LCT polymorphism (LCT CC or LCT TT: CC is associated with LM). A subgroup (n = 51) had a hydrogen breath test and a lactose tolerance test, in addition to genotyping. RESULTS Detection of LM by LCT polymorphism was highly significant (p = 0.001). The correlation between LCT genotype and self-reported milk-intolerance or dislike of milk with was slight, but the correlation with functional tests was highly significant. Non-milk-drinkers were lighter (-5 kg) and significantly shorter (-4 cm) than milk-drinkers (p = 0.07 and 0.04, respectively). Total calcium consumption was lower among non-milk-drinkers by about 18% (p = 0.03). DISCUSSION Genotyping is an economic, quick and convenient method for diagnosing lactose malabsorption, with results comparable to existing tests. Sufficient calcium consumption may be relevant to body growth, as milk-drinkers were taller. Negative calcium bone balance may be prevented when provision is made for adequate calcium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gugatschka
- Division of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Hospital, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036 Graz, Austria.
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Sipos W, Duvigneau JC, Schmoll F, Exel B, Hofbauer G, Baravalle G, Hartl RT, Dobretsberger M, Pietschmann P. Characterization of the Cytokine Pattern of Porcine Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Treated with 1alpha,25(OH)2D3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:382-7. [PMID: 16176565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2005.00755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The biologically active form of vitamine D(3) [1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)] has recently been described not only to influence bone metabolism but also to exert immunomodulating activities, which may have an impact on bone formation/resorption as well. In this study, we analysed the effects of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) on the cytokine pattern of porcine bone marrow-derived cells from piglets aged 1-3 weeks. After culture for 1 week, the number of osteoclasts was determined, with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive, multinucleated cells being considered osteoclasts. Cultured bone marrow cell-derived mRNA was subjected to semiquantitative RT-PCR specific for a panel of porcine cytokines (IL-1alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-alpha). In addition, an immunofluorescence analysis using anti-porcine mAbs specific for IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma was performed. In order to prove the existence of a porcine homologue of the receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) bone marrow cell- as well as porcine white blood cell-derived mRNA was investigated by RT-PCR using primer pairs specific for murine RANKL. Cell culture supernatant was analysed for soluble RANKL by means of an ELISA designed for quantification of human RANKL. By means of RT-PCR, expression of IL-1alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNA could be found in cells cultured with and without 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were produced by both stromal cells and osteoclasts. Besides its known osteoclastogenic effects, 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) tended to downregulate the respective cytokines, but significantly upregulated RANKL expression. The homology between the porcine RANKL-specific sequence and the corresponding human RANKL sequence was 79%. The data found support the idea that porcine bone marrow cell cultures may provide a suitable alternative to murine systems in human osteological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sipos
- Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Herd Management, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Sipos W, Duvigneau JC, Pietschmann P, Schilcher F, Hofbauer G, Hartl RT, Schmoll F. Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) is associated with a systemic cytokine expression profile indicative of proinflammation and a Th1 bias. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 107:303-13. [PMID: 15963571 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2005] [Revised: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 05/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) is broadly discussed as a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-associated disease, although PCV2, in contrast to postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), has to date not been proven to be the aetiologic agent. In order to better understand the complex immunopathology of PDNS, the systemic cytokine expression profiles of (i) five pigs suffering from PDNS, (ii) five animals suffering from naturally acquired PMWS and (iii) five controls were investigated at mRNA and protein levels by means of multiplex real-time RT-PCR and flow cytometric intracellular cytokine detection, respectively. IL-1alpha, IL-6 and IFN-gamma mRNA expressions were found to be elevated in PDNS pigs. At the protein level, an increased capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma was evident. Hematological investigations revealed a hypochromic anemia while basophils and monocytes were relatively and neutrophils absolutely increased in PDNS pigs. PCV2 antibody levels did not differ significantly between PDNS and PMWS affected animals. Taken results together, the cytokine profile of the PDNS affected animals together with hematological data pointed towards a proinflammatory condition supporting a Th1 bias. Cytokine data of PMWS affected animals exhibited only minor non-significant differences when compared to controls, only IL-10 was significantly decreased at the mRNA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sipos
- Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Herd Management, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Kerschan-Schindl K, Hawa G, Kudlacek S, Woloszczuk W, Pietschmann P. Serum levels of cathepsin K decrease with age in both women and men. Exp Gerontol 2005; 40:532-5. [PMID: 15935595 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2005.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2005] [Revised: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 04/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone turnover increases with age. In a previous study, we reported on bone metabolism in young and elderly women and men. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate potential age- and gender-related changes in cathepsin K, a cysteine protease that plays an important role in the degradation of the organic matrix of bone. Twenty-five healthy premenopausal women, 24 young healthy men, 26 elderly women, and 25 elderly men participated in the study. Elderly women and men had significantly lower cathepsin K levels than younger ones. In both men and women, serum levels of cathepsin K were negatively correlated with age. In men there was a statistically significant negative correlation between serum levels of cathepsin K and osteoprotegerin, which inhibits osteoclast differentiation and activation. No association was found between serum levels of cathepsin K and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, or 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Thus, the age-related increase in OPG, which markedly inhibits the expression of cathepsin K, may also reduce serum levels of cathepsin K. Despite the age-related increase in bone resorption, this study shows lower cathepsin K values in elderly women and men than in younger subjects. It might be speculated that a different enzyme could compensate for the decline in cathepsin K during old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kerschan-Schindl
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Sipos W, Willheim M, Hofbauer G, Pietschmann P. Evaluation of the Suitability of Monoclonal Antibodies for Flow Cytometric Intracellular Cytokine Detection in Porcine Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:55-60. [PMID: 15737172 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2005.00689.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Panels of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for porcine interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were evaluated for their applicability in flow cytometric intracellular cytokine detection. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were short-time stimulated in the presence of brefeldin-A, ionomycin and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, fixed and incubated with the respective mAbs as well as phycoerythrin-conjugated second-step antibodies. Suitability of mAbs was judged by use of statistical data and by visual control of scattergrams, considering the capability of mAbs to discriminate between cytokine-positive and cytokine-negative cell populations. The number of suitable clones differed to a high degree between the investigated cytokines, but at least one mAb fitting for flow cytometric intracellular cytokine detection could be identified within each panel. Monoclonal Abs producing scattergrams with a clear demarcation between positive and negative cell populations were found within the anti-IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-gamma panels, whereas less well defined positive and negative cell populations could be generated by use of mAbs within the anti-IL-4 and TNF-alpha panels. Only one moderately fitting mAb was identified within the anti-IL-12 panel. After having evaluated the best fitting mAbs, these were used to obtain reference levels for the physiological range of porcine lymphocytic cytokine production in a second set of experiments. For that reason, 13 clinically healthy pigs aged between 6 weeks and 6 months were investigated. Data presented are given as mean +/- SD of the percentage of positive-staining lymphocytes: IL-2, 45.5 +/- 27.6; IL-4, 34.1 +/- 21.3; IL-6, 45.4 +/- 23.8; IL-12, 13.9 +/- 8.6; TNF-alpha, 43.4 +/- 11.3; IFN-gamma, 65.5 +/- 14.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sipos
- Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Herd Management, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
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31
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Wutzl A, Brozek W, Lernbass I, Schopper C, Hofbauer G, Rauner M, Watzinger F, Peterlik M, Pietschmann P. Bone morphogenetic proteins 5 and 6 stimulate osteoclast generation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0901-5027(05)81359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Grisar J, Aringer M, Köller MD, Stummvoll GH, Eselböck D, Zwölfer B, Steiner CW, Zierhut B, Wagner L, Pietschmann P, Smolen JS. Leflunomide inhibits transendothelial migration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:1632-7. [PMID: 15547088 PMCID: PMC1754829 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2003.018440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test whether the active metabolite of leflunomide (LEF-M), in addition to blocking the proliferation of activated lymphocytes by inhibiting dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), influences the transendothelial migration (TEM) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). METHODS In an in vitro model of PBMC transmigration through an endothelial cell (EC) barrier, PBMC were re-collected in three groups: cells not adherent to the EC, cells bound to, and cells which had migrated through, the EC layer. Experiments in which cells were pretreated with LEF-M (in the absence or in the presence of uridine) were compared with parallel experiments in the presence of medium alone. RESULTS Preincubation of EC with LEF-M led to a 36 (SEM 16)% reduction in PBMC TEM (p<0.05). Likewise, preincubation of PBMC induced a reduction in their TEM of 39 (9)% (p<0.005). Incubation of both PBMC and EC with LEF-M had an additive effect (mean reduction of 48 (6)%, p<0.005). Incubation of PBMC with LEF-M also decreased monocytic CD44 expression (p<0.005) and PBMC-hyaluronan binding (p<0.05). Incubation of cells with LEF-M and uridine in addition to LEF-M reversed the inhibition of migration, suggesting that the observed effects were due to DHODH inhibition. Fluorocytometric analysis of PBMC subsets within the migrated population showed a decrease of monocytes, but not of B or T cells, after LEF-M treatment. CONCLUSIONS LEF-M reduces monocytic adhesion molecule expression and TEM and may thus interfere with monocyte and EC activities in RA. Thus, the clinical effects of leflunomide may, at least in part, be due to blocking cell traffic into the inflamed synovia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grisar
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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33
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Kerschan-Schindl K, Mitterbauer M, Füreder W, Kudlacek S, Grampp S, Bieglmayer C, Fialka-Moser V, Pietschmann P, Kalhs P. Bone metabolism in patients more than five years after bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 34:491-6. [PMID: 15286695 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the bone metabolism of 22 patients (median age 38 years) over 6 years after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Biplanar roentgenograms of the thoracic and lumbar spine were used to diagnose vertebral deformities caused by fractures. The actual bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck were measured. Laboratory tests included calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, a marker of bone resorption (beta-crosslaps, CTX), markers of bone formation (osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase), osteoprotegerin (OPG)--antagonist of the osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL, and sex hormone status. One patient had a vertebral fracture. Seven patients (28%) had osteopenia in the lumbar spine while 12 patients (48%) had osteopenia in the femoral neck. Bone resorption was increased in nine patients (43%) and bone formation was increased in four patients (20%). BMT recipients had significantly increased serum levels of OPG (P=0.029). Three women (75%) and four men (25%) were hypogonadal. The data showed that BMD is reduced and bone metabolism is still disturbed more than 6 years after BMT. The RANKL/osteoprotegerin system appears to play an important role in the pathophysiology of late post transplantation osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kerschan-Schindl
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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34
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Sipos W, Duvigneau JC, Willheim M, Schilcher F, Hartl RT, Hofbauer G, Exel B, Pietschmann P, Schmoll F. Systemic cytokine profile in feeder pigs suffering from natural postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) as determined by semiquantitative RT–PCR and flow cytometric intracellular cytokine detection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2004; 99:63-71. [PMID: 15113655 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2003] [Revised: 11/28/2003] [Accepted: 01/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is an economically important disease in pigs caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Development of this disease is presumably associated with an impairment of the immune system. We, therefore, investigated the systemic expression of relevant cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) and IL-2Ralpha at mRNA (semiquantitative RT-PCR) and at protein level (flow cytometric intracellular cytokine detection after short-time stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in 10 feeder pigs aged 14 weeks suffering from natural PMWS and in 10 clinically healthy pen-mates. Hematological examination revealed a significant (p < 0.001) relative lymphopenia in the diseased animals when compared to reference pigs. IL-1alpha and IL-10 mRNA levels were notably increased in the affected pigs, whereas IL-2 and IL-2Ralpha (CD25) mRNA levels tended to be down-regulated. IL-8, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma mRNA expressions appeared to be slightly increased. Intracellular cytokine levels as measured by flow cytometry revealed an increase of IL-1beta, IL-2, and IL-6, whereas IL-12 and TNF-alpha expressions were not affected. IFN-gamma was slightly decreased in the diseased animals. In conclusion, despite the assumption, that the cellular immune response to PMWS as a virus-induced disease should be characterized by either a Th1 driven cytokine profile or a cytokine profile indicative of T cell immunosuppression, our results did not support that hypothesis. Nevertheless, data from intracellular cytokine detection suggest an even increased percentage of the remaining lymphocytes capable to produce IL-2 upon in vitro stimulation, which is in contrast to the slightly diminished IL-2 mRNA levels reflecting the in vivo situation at least at the mRNA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sipos
- II. Medical Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
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35
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Abstract
Regulation of the balance of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity is critical for the understanding of normal cell biology and forms the basis of metabolic bone diseases. Our study reports about influences of age and gender on serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its association to other clinical parameters of bone metabolism in a precisely determined cohort of 1134 healthy subjects at 17 Austrian outpatient bone clinics, aged between 19 and 96 years (females n = 687, 50 +/- 21 years, 19-94, and males n = 447, 52 +/- 13.5 years, 24-96). Mean OPG serum levels for all participants were 50.83 +/- 51.47 pg/ml (n = 1134; median 36, 2-584) and we observed a sharp increase in females after 60 years and in males after 70 years of age. OPG serum levels increased significantly by age, 2.1 pg/ml in females and 1.9 pg/ml in males for every year (P < 0.0001). Correlation of OPG serum levels and several bone parameters of bone metabolism showed that OPG negatively correlated with serum iPTH (r = -0.14; P < 0.001) and with serum estradiol in females (r = -0.16, P < 0.0001). Bone mineral density measured by DXA method at the spine and at the hip did not correlate with OPG serum levels, except a borderline negative correlation at the trochanteric region (r = -0.1, P < 0.05) in females only. Our results show a significant increase of osteoprotegerin with age in healthy females and males but fluctuations do not predict bone mineral density under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kudlacek
- Medizinische Abteilung, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder Wien, Grosse Mohrengasse 9, A-1020 Vienna, Austria.
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36
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease of bone, which is characterized by decreased bone mass and changes in the microarchitecture of bone tissue followed by brittleness of bones and increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis frequently is a disease of postmenopausal women, nevertheless, in rare cases, osteoporosis can also occur in young adults. There are only few studies on the pathophysiology of "premenopausal osteoporosis"; in addition to idiopathic forms, osteoporosis in young women can be caused by glucocorticoid treatment, by eating disorders or can be associated with pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Mitringer
- Institut für Pathophysiologic der Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Wien
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37
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is known as a condition characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to bone fragility and a consequent susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporosis has its highest rate of occurrence in postmenopausal women, and in Western countries it has been estimated that for white women aged fifty, the life-time risk of developing an osteoporotic fracture is nearly 40%. Given the consequences of osteoporosis, the most important goal of therapy is to prevent fractures. In Austria, several pharmacologic options for treatment of osteoporosis are available, including bisphosphonates (alendronate, etidronate, risedronate), selective estrogen receptor modulators (raloxifene), calcitonins (salm-calcitonin, elcatonin), fluorides (sodium-fluoride, monofluorophosphate), anabolic steroids (nandrolone-decanoate), steroid derivates (tibolone), estrogen and hormone replacement therapy. An evidence-based evaluation of these treatment options clearly indicates that alendronate, risedronate and raloxifene sufficiently reduce the risk of vertebral fractures. There is less evidence for reduction of vertebral fracture risk for etidronate, calcitonin, estrogen replacement therapy or hormone replacement therapy. Only alendronate and risedronate have been shown to reduce the risk of hip fractures. Calcium and vitamin D are useful adjuncts to any specific treatment for osteoporosis, particularly when Calcium and vitamin D deficiencies have been diagnosed. Also, there is good evidence that in women with Calcium and vitamin D deficiency, a combination of Calcium and vitamin D may reduce the risk of non-vertebral fractures. There is no evidence so far that a combination therapy of antiresorptive drugs would result in reduced fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Dimai
- Klinischen Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Nuklearmedizin der Medizinischen Universitätsklinik, Auenbruggerplatz 15, A-8036 Graz.
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38
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major clinical problem in rheumatoid arthritis. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis frequently not only present with juxta articular osteopenia and bone erosions but also with generalized axial and appendicular osteoporosis at sites distant from inflamed joints. The pathogenesis of bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis is multifactorial; disease activity certainly is a major determinant of bone mass. Further pathogenetic factors include effects of anti-inflammatory therapies (in particular glucocorticoids), reduced mobility, estrogen and/or androgen deficiency. Recently, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), a decoy receptor for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand, were identified as central regulators of osteoclast recruitment and activation. Osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand production is modulated by several cytokines, growth factors and hormones. In rheumatoid synovium both fibroblasts and activated T cells express receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand and thereby promote osteoclast recruitment and activation. Thus, osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand appear to represent important molecular links between the immune system and bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Brosch
- Aus dem Institut für Pathophysiologie, Klinischen Abteilung für Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinikum für Innere Medizin III, Universität Wien, Vienna
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39
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Pietschmann P. Buchbesprechung. Wien Med Wochenschr 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03039737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Lernbass I, Wutzl A, Grisar J, Schett G, Redlich K, Spitzauer S, Grampp S, Imhof H, Peterlik M, Pietschmann P. Quantitative ultrasound in the assessment of bone status of patients suffering from rheumatic diseases. Skeletal Radiol 2002; 31:270-6. [PMID: 11981603 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-002-0476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2001] [Revised: 08/17/2001] [Accepted: 01/03/2002] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of rheumatic diseases and glucocorticoids on bone mass a group of patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n=18) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=22) were examined. DESIGN We examined 40 patients and 48 controls with quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS QUS (broadband ultrasound attenuation, BUA; speed of sound, SOS) values were found to be significantly lower in patients than in controls ( P<0.001). QUS measurements were moderately correlated with DXA measurements (kappa score ( kappa) 0.28 at the lumbar spine, and 0.46 at the femoral neck). There were no significant relations between the dosage of glucocorticoids and QUS parameters. CONCLUSION In patients suffering from inflammatory rheumatic diseases QUS values were significantly decreased. SOS but not BUA and DXA measurements reflected disease activity assessed by erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). QUS reflects different aspects of bone status compared with DXA.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lernbass
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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42
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Resch H, Gollob E, Kudlacek S, Pietschmann P. [Osteoporosis in the man]. Wien Med Wochenschr 2002; 151:457-63. [PMID: 11817257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis in men is a severe condition probably more frequent than generally expected. The life-time risk of a low trauma fracture in a 60 year old man is 25%; moreover, approximately one third of hip fractures occurs in men. In contrast to postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteoporosis in men is frequently a secondary condition. In approximately 50% of cases, male osteoporosis is associated with an underlying disease or condition such as hypogonadism or long-term glucocorticoid treatment. Data from our group indicate that low serum estradiol levels and elevated sex hormone binding globulin levels may play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic male osteoporosis. Potential treatment modalities of osteoporosis in men include calcium and vitamin D supplementation, testosterone, fluoride, bisphophonates, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. Currently, the data available favor the use of an aminobisphosphonate for the treatment of (idiopathic or glucocorticoid induced) osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Resch
- II. Medizinische Abteilung, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Schwestern, Stumpergasse 13, A-1060 Wien.
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43
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Pietschmann P. [Sex differences in joint diseases: pathophysiological basis]. Wien Med Wochenschr 2002; 151:573-5. [PMID: 11762258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Gender affects the susceptibility to many joint diseases, in particular autoimmune rheumatic disorders; women have an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or Sjögren's syndrome. In rheumatoid arthritis alterations of sex hormone levels such as androgen deficiency or prolactin excess might, at least in part, explain the excess incidence in women. Osteoarthritis of the hand and the knee as well as generalized osteoarthritis is more frequent in women than in men. Nevertheless, until now there is no explanation for the increased incidence of osteoarthritis in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pietschmann
- Institut für Pathophysiologie der Universität Wien und dem Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut für Altersforschung, Wien.
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44
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Mikosch P, Pietschmann P, Kainberger F, Gallowitsch HJ, Lind P. [Paget disease or fibrous dysplasia of the radius?--A case report]. Wien Med Wochenschr 2002; 151:295-9. [PMID: 11582993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
A 46 years old man, who showed a painful and progressive deformity of the left radius, is presented. After some months a fracture within the affected bone area occurred. The diagnostic procedures including X-ray, MRI, scintigraphy and histology were controversial. Both fibrous dysplasia and Paget's disease of bone were suspected. The critical analysis of all results concluded that the most likely diagnosis was fibrous dysplasia. Unaware of the diagnostic discrepancies, the patient received a therapy with pamidronate 3 x 60 mg intravenously, which improved symptoms. After 14 months, the patient complained again about pain in the left radius. After a second therapy with pamidronate the patient currently exhibits no symptoms. The controversial diagnostic results and the applied therapeutic procedure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mikosch
- Abteilung für Nuklearmedizin und Endokrinologie, Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt, St. Veiterstrasse 47, A-9020 Klagenfurt.
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45
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Schmaldienst S, Dittrich E, Pietschmann P, Niederle B, Becherer A, Watschinger B. A patient with evidence of two underlying diseases causing hypercalcaemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16:2423-5. [PMID: 11733639 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/16.12.2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Schmaldienst
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Pietschmann P, Grisar J, Thien R, Willheim M, Kerschan-Schindl K, Preisinger E, Peterlik M. Immune phenotype and intracellular cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from postmenopausal patients with osteoporotic fractures. Exp Gerontol 2001; 36:1749-59. [PMID: 11672994 DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5565(01)00125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A number of factors with known effects on bone turnover are also immune regulatory factors. Disturbances of bone remodeling thus may be a consequence of altered local immune reactivity. We therefore determined surface markers and intracellular cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by four-color flow cytometry in 19 postmenopausal patients with established osteoporosis and a control group of 11 postmenopausal women without fragility fractures. No significant differences in bone mineral density as assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry were observed between the two groups. The following surface markers and cytokines were studied: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19, CD29, CD45RA, CD56, CD57, HLA-DR, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor. In the fracture patients, the percentage of CD8+ cells co-expressing CD57 was increased (14+/-2 vs. 8+/-1%; p=0.03). Moreover, the proportion of CD8+ cells co-expressing TNF-alpha (47+/-5 vs. 33+/-4; p=0.05) and both TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma was significantly higher in the patients than the controls (41+/-6 vs. 22+/-3%; p=0.04). IL-1beta expression tended to be increased in monocytes from patients with established osteoporosis. Distinct subsets of CD8+ cells thus appear to contribute to the development of osteoporotic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Vienna Medical School, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Kallay E, Pietschmann P, Toyokuni S, Bajna E, Hahn P, Mazzucco K, Bieglmayer C, Kato S, Cross HS. Characterization of a vitamin D receptor knockout mouse as a model of colorectal hyperproliferation and DNA damage. Carcinogenesis 2001; 22:1429-35. [PMID: 11532865 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/22.9.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor knockout (VDR-KO) mouse presents with a skeletal phenotype typical for complete lack of genomic 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol effects. Our previous data from human colorectal tissue suggest that the steroid hormone and its receptor may have protective function against tumour progression. In order to investigate the relevance of the vitamin D system for pre-malignant site-directed changes in the colon, we characterized the amount and site-specific distribution of the VDR along the large intestine in wild-type (WT), heterozygote (HT) and KO mice. We also evaluated expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), of cyclin D1 and the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative stress. In colon ascendens, proliferative cells were dispersed all along the crypt and expression levels of all three markers were high in WT mice. A decrease of VDR expression did not affect expression significantly. In colon descendens, however, fewer proliferative cells were solely located in the lower third of the crypt, and an inverse relationship between VDR reduction, PCNA positivity and cyclin D1 expression was found in HT and KO mice. In parallel to enhanced proliferation a highly significant increase of 8-OHdG positivity occurred. Therefore, the sigmoid colon of VDR-KO mice, fed on an appropriate lactose/calcium-enriched diet to alleviate impaired calcium homeostasis-related phenotypic changes, is an excellent model for investigating induction and prevention of pre-malignant changes in one of the hotspots for human colorectal cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kallay
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Aging Research, Vienna, Austria
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Barnas U, Schmidt A, Seidl G, Kaider A, Pietschmann P, Mayer G. A comparison of quantitative computed tomography and dual X-ray absorptiometry for evaluation of bone mineral density in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 37:1247-52. [PMID: 11382695 DOI: 10.1053/ajkd.2001.24529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic renal failure leads to a reduction of bone mineral density (BMD). Therefore, noninvasive methods to evaluate BMD are also used regularly in this patient population. In this study, we compared the results of two widely used methods, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) of the lumbar spine and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at different sites in 90 patients on chronic hemodialysis. Additionally, we also determined various clinical and biochemical data to assess their relationship to BMD at the different measurement sites. A total of 75% of our patients was found to have reduced BMD, and 25% had an average z-score below -2. Z-scores obtained by the different methods and at the different measurement sites within an individual patient varied considerably from completely normal to severely reduced values. Multivariate analyses using clinical and biochemical parameters showed lower values of BMD at all measurement sites after transplantation and marginally higher values after parathyroidectomy, which was seen only in DXA measurement at the femoral neck. We conclude from our study that determination of BMD in chronic hemodialysis patients yields highly variable results, depending on the technique used. As long as the exact clinical relevance of these results has not been determined, regular routine measurement of isolated sites of BMD cannot be advocated in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Barnas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Donauspital, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Pietschmann P, Kudlacek S, Grisar J, Spitzauer S, Woloszczuk W, Willvonseder R, Peterlik M. Bone turnover markers and sex hormones in men with idiopathic osteoporosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2001; 31:444-51. [PMID: 11380597 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, osteoporosis in men has received much less attention. PATIENTS AND METHODS We determined various biochemical parameters of bone metabolism and sex hormones in 31 men with idiopathic osteoporosis and 35 age matched control subjects. RESULTS In the men with osteoporosis, a significantly increased urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (5.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 4.6 +/- 0.2 nmol mmol-1 creatinine; P = 0.033) in addition to increased serum levels of the c-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (2677 +/- 230 vs. 2058 +/- 153 pmol; P = 0.037) were found. While parameters of bone formation were not significantly different in the patients and controls, serum bone sialoprotein levels were significantly decreased in the patients (3.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 12.4 +/- 4.0 ng mL-1; P = 0.021). Moreover, in men with idiopathic osteoporosis, lower levels of estradiol (91.3 +/- 5.8 vs. 114.6 +/- 7.8 pmol L-1; P = 0.044), higher levels of sex hormone binding globulin (31.5 +/- 3.1 vs. 24.2 +/- 1.4 nmol L-1; P = 0.034) and a decreased free androgen index (42.6 +/- 5.2 vs. 56.4 +/- 5.9; P = 0.016) were seen. Serum estradiol levels correlated negatively with several parameters of bone resorption. CONCLUSIONS In men with idiopathic osteoporosis, bone resorption is increased and exceeds bone formation. The excessive bone resorption seen in idiopathic male osteoporosis may be due to decreased estradiol levels and low levels of bioavailable testosterone.
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Grisar J, Hahn P, Brosch S, Peterlik M, Smolen JS, Pietschmann P. Phenotypic characteristics of human monocytes undergoing transendothelial migration. Arthritis Res 2001; 3:127-32. [PMID: 11178120 PMCID: PMC17829 DOI: 10.1186/ar150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2000] [Revised: 11/23/2000] [Accepted: 12/14/2000] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In our study we characterised the immunophenotype of monocytes that migrated through an endothelial cell (EC) monolayer in vitro. We found that monocyte migration led to an enhanced expression of CD11a, CD33, CD45RO, CD54 [intercellular cell-adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1] and human leucocyte antigen-DR. The most striking increase was observed for ICAM-1 when ECs were activated with tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1alpha. The results of our study indicate the following: (1) there is a characteristic immunophenotype on the surface of monocytes after transendothelial migration; (2) this phenotype seems to be induced by interactions between monocytes and ECs; and (3) this change is enhanced by the pretreatment of ECs with cytokines. Taken together, the results suggest that local cytokine production activating ECs is sufficient to enhance monocyte migration and that this, in turn, can induce changes consistent with an activated phenotype known to be interactive between antigen-presenting cells and T cells. These results have implications for our pathogenetic insights into rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grisar
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1180 Vienna, Austria.
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