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Lee YS, Umam K, Kuo TF, Yang YL, Feng CS, Yang WC. Functional and mechanistic studies of a phytogenic formulation, Shrimp Best, in growth performance and vibriosis in whiteleg shrimp. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11584. [PMID: 38773245 PMCID: PMC11109214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change and disease threaten shrimp farming. Here, we studied the beneficial properties of a phytogenic formulation, Shrimp Best (SB), in whiteleg shrimp. Functional studies showed that SB dose-dependently increased shrimp body weight and decreased feed conversion ratio. We found that SB protected against Vibrio parahaemolyticus as evidenced by survival rate, bacterial load, and hepatopancreatic pathology in shrimp. Finally, we explored the likely mechanism by which SB affects growth performance and vibriosis in shrimp. The 16S rRNA sequencing data showed that SB increased 6 probiotic genera and decreased 6 genera of pathogenic bacteria in shrimp. Among these, SB increased the proportion of Lactobacillus johnsonii and decreased that of V. parahaemolyticus in shrimp guts. To dissect the relationship among SB, Lactobacillus and Vibrio, we investigated the in vitro regulation of Lactobacillus and Vibrio by SB. SB at ≥ 0.25 μg/mL promoted L. johnsonii growth. Additionally, L. johnsonii and its supernatant could inhibit V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, SB could up-regulate five anti-Vibrio metabolites of L. johnsonii, which caused bacterial membrane destruction. In parallel, we identified 3 fatty acids as active compounds from SB. Overall, this work demonstrated that SB improved growth performance and vibriosis protection in shrimp via the regulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-San Lee
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Khotibul Umam
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Biotechnology, Sumbawa University of Technology, Sumbawa, Indonesia
| | - Tien-Fen Kuo
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shan Feng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Sun H, Su X, Fu Y, Hao L, Zhou W, Zhou Z, huang J, Wang Y, Shi T. Pathogenicity and drug resistance of the Eimeria tenella isolate from Yiwu, Zhejiang province, eastern China. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102845. [PMID: 37441842 PMCID: PMC10404733 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken coccidiosis can cause severe enteritis with high mortality, which causes serious economic losses to the global breeding industry each year. The most virulent species is Eimeria tenella (E. tenella), but the infectivity of different E. tenella varies among geographic strains. At present, there are no reports related to the pathogenicity and drug resistance of E. tenella in Yiwu, Zhejiang province, China. A total of 600 fecal samples were collected from 10 farms in Zhejiang province, the overall oocyst prevalence was 54.2% (325/600). The prevalence was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in chickens under 40 d (97.5%) than that in chickens between 60 and 85-days-old (40.5%) and chickens over 90-days-old (24.5%). E. tenella stain was isolated from fecal samples of chickens in Yiwu and the pathogenicity of this isolate was determined, and then we recorded the survival rate, bloody stool score, lesion score, average weight gain. The results showed that all of the chickens infected with 5 × 105 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella died after the seventh day of infection, the bloody stool score and average lesion score of chickens from group 1 (5 × 105), group 2 (5 × 104), group 3 (5 × 103) and group 4 (5 × 102) decreased successively; the average weight gain (g) and relative weight gain (%) increased successively; the weight gain of the low-dose E. tenella infection groups (5 × 103 and 5 × 102) were higher than the other 2 groups (5 × 105 and 5 × 104) (P < 0.05). Finally, The E. tenella isolate was tested for sensitivity to 6 anticoccidial drugs (sulfachloropyrazine sodium, amproline, toltrazuril, clopidol, salinomycin, and nicarbazine) using 4 indexes including anticoccidial index(ACI), percent of optimum anticoccidial activity (POAA), reduction of lesion scores (RLS), and relative oocyst production (ROP). The results showed that this isolate has developed severe resistance to drugs of salinomycin and nicarbazine, moderate resistance to amproline and clopidol, slight resistance to toltrazuril, while the E. tenella isolate performed more sensitive to sulfachloropyrazine sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Sun
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, PR China
| | - Xinyao Su
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, PR China
- Department of Animal Parasitology, College of Animal &Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Yuan Fu
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, PR China
| | - Lili Hao
- Department of Animal Parasitology, College of Animal &Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Veterinary medicine and feed, Zhejiang Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311199, PR China
| | - Zhijin Zhou
- Department of Veterinary medicine and feed, Zhejiang Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311199, PR China
| | - Jing huang
- Department of Veterinary medicine and feed, Zhejiang Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311199, PR China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Hangzhou Caiyang Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311321, PR China
| | - Tuanyuan Shi
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310021, PR China
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3
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Rizwan HM, Khan MK, Mughal MAS, Abbas Z, Abbas RZ, Sindhu ZUD, Sajid MS, Ain QU, Abbas A, Zafar A, Imran M, Aqib AI, Nadeem M. A new insight in immunomodulatory impact of botanicals in treating avian coccidiosis. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:1164-1175. [PMID: 36457787 PMCID: PMC9606196 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01519-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis is caused by genus Eimeria (E.) i.e. E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. tenella, E. acervulina, E. brunette and E. mitis and lead to three billion US dollar per year economic loss in poultry industry and reduces the growth performance of birds. To purge undesirable foreign agents, immune system produces a variety of molecules and cells that ultimately neutralize target particles in healthy organisms. However; when this particular system compromises, infection develops and the load of pathogens along with their virulence factors overcome both; innate and adaptive immune systems. Livestock and poultry sectors are important part of agriculture industry worldwide. Due to excessive use of chemotherapeutic agents, pathogens have developed resistance against these agents leading to the great economic losses. Numerous therapeutic approaches are in routine process for the treatment and prevention of various ailments but irrational use of antibiotics/chemicals has raised alarming concerns, like the development of drug resistant strains, residual effects in ultimate users and environmental pollution. These problems have led to the development of alternatives. In this regard, anticoccidial vaccine can be used as an alternative but due to high cost of production, plant derived biological response modifiers and antioxidants compounds are considered as a promising alternative. This review summarizes the immunotherapeutic effects of different compounds particularly with reference to avian coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Kasib Khan
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | | | - Zaheer Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Zia ud Din Sindhu
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | | | - Qurat ul Ain
- Health Officer in Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada
| | - Asghar Abbas
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Zafar
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Amjad Islam Aqib
- Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
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4
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Han M, Hu W, Chen T, Guo H, Zhu J, Chen F. Anticoccidial activity of natural plants extracts mixture against Eimeria tenella: An in vitro and in vivo study. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1066543. [PMID: 36504841 PMCID: PMC9727100 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1066543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis, an acute epidemic intestinal disease of poultry, is caused by the parasitic protozoan genus Eimeria, with Eimeria tenella being the most pathogenic spp. Novel approaches are required to address the limitations of current treatments for this disease. We investigated the effects of eight plant extracts and essential oils and their mixture on Eimeria tenella as potential treatments for coccidial infection. The anticoccidial effects of non-toxic concentrations of Punica granatum L. (0.005 mg/mL), Plantago asiatica L. (0.780 mg/mL), Bidens pilosa L. (0.390 mg/mL), Acalypha australis L. (0.390 mg/mL), Pteris multifida Poir (0.050 mg/mL), and Portulaca oleracea L. sp. Pl. (0.050 mg/mL) extracts; Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant. (0.010 μL/mL) and Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze (0.050 μL/mL) essential oils; and their mixture (0.500 mL/mL) on Eimeria tenella were determined using cell viability assays, flow cytometry, and in vivo studies. The eight plant extracts and essential oils and their mixture inhibited Eimeria tenella sporozoites from invading chicken embryo fibroblast cells in vitro. The extract and essential oil mixture improved the feed conversion ratio and body weight gain, reduced fecal oocyst excretion, substantially reduced the mortality of Eimeria tenella-infected chickens, and reduced Eimeria tenella-induced cecal damage in vivo. The results suggest that the extract and essential oil mixtures inhibit Eimeria tenella invasion both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating their potential as anticoccidial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Han
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Bioforte Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China,Research Institute, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Wenfeng Hu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Research Institute, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China,College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Bioforte Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China,Research Institute, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Hanxing Guo
- Bioforte Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China,Research Institute, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China,College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Bioforte Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China,Research Institute, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Bioforte Biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China,Research Institute, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, China,*Correspondence: Feng Chen
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5
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Jamil M, Aleem MT, Shaukat A, Khan A, Mohsin M, Rehman TU, Abbas RZ, Saleemi MK, Khatoon A, Babar W, Yan R, Li K. Medicinal Plants as an Alternative to Control Poultry Parasitic Diseases. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030449. [PMID: 35330200 PMCID: PMC8953102 DOI: 10.3390/life12030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infections are a major public health concern affecting millions of people universally. This review elaborates on the potential impacts of plants and their bioactive components that have been widely used in the cure of several parasitic infections of poultry. The medicinal importance of natural herbs depends upon their bioactive ingredients, which are originated from crude plants, consequently leading to the specific action on the body. Due to the limited availability of effective drugs and high cost, the development of drug resistance in several harmful parasites and microbes leads to huge economic losses in the poultry industry. This will impose the development of innovative sources for drugs to overwhelm the therapeutic failure. Moreover, the environment-friendly feed additives which can be applied as a substitute to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) for broilers were proven. The application of natural products with therapeutic characteristics is an ancient practice that is appropriately gaining more acceptance. Globally, it is assessed that some 20,000 species of higher plants are used medicinally, although traditional medicine has a scarcity of knowledge on its efficiency and wellbeing. This review explores the usage of medicinal herbs for parasitic infections, emphasizing the recent knowledge available while detecting the research gaps which may be explored to find the usage of herbal medicines for parasitic infections in poultry. In conclusion, herbal medicines are the effective source of prime components for drug detection and the formation of phytopharmaceuticals in the control of devastating parasitic infections. There is a prerequisite to applying the traditional medicine information in clinical applications via value addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jamil
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.T.A.); (A.K.); (R.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.K.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Muhammad Tahir Aleem
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.T.A.); (A.K.); (R.Y.)
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Asad Khan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.T.A.); (A.K.); (R.Y.)
| | - Muhammad Mohsin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Tauseef ur Rehman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (T.u.R.); (K.L.)
| | - Rao Zahid Abbas
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Kashif Saleemi
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.K.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (M.K.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Waseem Babar
- Department of Parasitology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.T.A.); (A.K.); (R.Y.)
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.T.A.); (A.K.); (R.Y.)
- Correspondence: (T.u.R.); (K.L.)
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6
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Yang MT, Lin YX, Yang G, Kuo TF, Liang YC, Lee TH, Chang CLT, Yang WC. Functional and Mechanistic Studies of Two Anti-coccidial Herbs, Bidens pilosa and Artemisia indica. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:282-291. [PMID: 34187059 DOI: 10.1055/a-1527-9715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, antibiotics are commonly used to treat coccidiosis, a severe protozoal disease in chickens. However, due to growing concerns about the antibiotic residue in meat and eggs, phytogenic formulations are becoming an attractive approach to manage this disease. In this study, we investigated the anti-coccidial function and mechanism of phytogenic formulations composed of Bidens pilosa, Artemisia indica, and both used in combination. We found that these formulations increased the survival rate and reduced body weight loss, the feed conversion ratio, oocyst excretion, bloody stools, and gut lesions of chickens. Mechanistic studies showed that A. indica, but not B. pilosa, reduced the survival of Eimeria oocysts. Accordingly, they both inhibited oocyst sporulation and sporozoite invasion into Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Overall, we demonstrate that these formulations protect chickens against coccidiosis. Moreover, a combination of B. pilosa and A. indica has an additive effect on coccidiosis control and growth performance in chickens compared to either one used alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Xian Lin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Greta Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Fen Kuo
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Liang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cicero Lee-Tian Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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7
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Farinacci P, Mevissen M, Ayrle H, Maurer V, Sørensen Dalgaard T, Melzig MF, Walkenhorst M. Medicinal Plants for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Common Infectious Diseases In Poultry-A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:200-217. [PMID: 34359086 DOI: 10.1055/a-1543-5502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants for prophylaxis and therapy of common infectious diseases in poultry have been studied for several years. The goal of this review was to systematically identify plant species and evaluate their potential in prophylaxis and therapy of common diseases in poultry caused by bacteria and gastrointestinal protozoa. The procedure followed the recommendations of the PRISMA statement and the AMSTAR measurement tool. The PICOS scheme was used to design the research questions. Two databases were consulted, and publications were manually selected, according to predefined in- and exclusion criteria. A scoring system was established to evaluate the remaining publications. Initially, 4197 identified publications were found, and 77 publications remained after manual sorting, including 38 publications with 70 experiments on bacterial infections and 39 publications with 78 experiments on gastrointestinal protozoa. In total, 83 plant species from 42 families were identified. Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were the most frequently found families with Artemisia annua being the most frequently found plant, followed by Origanum vulgare. As compared to placebo and positive or negative control groups, antimicrobial effects were found in 46 experiments, prebiotic effects in 19 experiments, and antiprotozoal effects in 47 experiments. In summary, a total of 274 positive effects predominated over 241 zero effects and 37 negative effects. Data indicate that O. vulgare, Coriandrum sativum, A. annua, and Bidens pilosa are promising plant species for prophylaxis and therapy of bacterial and protozoal diseases in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Farinacci
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Ayrle
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Maurer
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
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8
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El-Shall NA, Abd El-Hack ME, Albaqami NM, Khafaga AF, Taha AE, Swelum AA, El-Saadony MT, Salem HM, El-Tahan AM, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA, Elbestawy AR. Phytochemical control of poultry coccidiosis: a review. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101542. [PMID: 34871985 PMCID: PMC8649401 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis is a major parasitic disorder in chickens resulting from the intracellular apicomplexan protozoa Eimeria that target the intestinal tract leading to a devastating disease. Eimeria life cycle is complex and consists of intra- and extracellular stages inducing a potent inflammatory response that results in tissue damage associated with oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, diarrheal hemorrhage, poor growth, increased susceptibility to other disease agents, and in severe cases, mortality. Various anticoccidial drugs and vaccines have been used to prevent and control this disorder; however, many drawbacks have been reported. Drug residues concerning the consumers have directed research toward natural, safe, and effective alternative compounds. Phytochemical/herbal medicine is one of these natural alternatives to anticoccidial drugs, which is considered an attractive way to combat coccidiosis in compliance with the "anticoccidial chemical-free" regulations. The anticoccidial properties of several natural herbal products (or their extracts) have been reported. The effect of herbal additives on avian coccidiosis is based on diminishing the oocyst output through inhibition or impairment of the invasion, replication, and development of Eimeria species in the gut tissues of chickens; lowering oocyst counts due to the presence of phenolic compounds in herbal extracts which reacts with cytoplasmic membranes causing coccidial cell death; ameliorating the degree of intestinal lipid peroxidation; facilitating the repair of epithelial injuries; and decreasing the intestinal permeability induced by Eimeria species through the upregulation of epithelial turnover. This current review highlights the anticoccidial activity of several herbal products, and their other beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed A El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Elbehira 22758, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Najah M Albaqami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511 , Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211 , Egypt
| | - Amira M El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Synan F AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain,15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain,15551, United Arab Emirates; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
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9
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Oanh N, Huyen N, Dang P, Ton V, Hornick JL. Growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and composition
in pigs fed diets supplemented with medicinal plants ( Bindens
pilosa L., Urena lobata L. and Ramulus cinnamomi) powder. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/143106/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Madlala T, Okpeku M, Adeleke MA. Understanding the interactions between Eimeria infection and gut microbiota, towards the control of chicken coccidiosis: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:48. [PMID: 34076575 PMCID: PMC8171251 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract in poultry harbours a diverse microbial community that serves a crucial role in digestion and protection. Disruption of the gut environment due to Eimeria spp. parasite infection causes an imbalance in intestinal homeostasis, driving the increment of pathogens such as Clostridium species. Coccidiosis infection affects the composition and integrity of gut microbiota, resulting in elevated susceptibility to diseases that pose a serious threat to the overall health and productivity of chickens. Anticoccidial drugs have proven effective in curbing coccidiosis but with concerning drawbacks like drug resistance and drug residues in meat. The exploration of natural alternative strategies such as probiotics and phytochemicals is significant in controlling coccidiosis through modification and restoration of gut microbiota, without inducing drug resistance. Understanding the interaction between Eimeria parasites and gut microbiota is crucial for the control and prevention of coccidiosis, and the development of novel alternative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabile Madlala
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, P/Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Moses Okpeku
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, P/Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Matthew Adekunle Adeleke
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, P/Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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11
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Hussain K, Abbas RZ, Abbas A, Rehman MA, Raza MA, Rehman T, Hussain R, Mahmood MS, Imran M, Zaman MA, Sindhu ZD, Khan MK, Ali S. Anticoccidial and Biochemical Effects of Artemisia Brevifolia Extract in Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Hussain
- Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - RZ Abbas
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - A Abbas
- Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | | | - MA Raza
- Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - T Rehman
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - R Hussain
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - M Imran
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - MA Zaman
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | | | - MK Khan
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
| | - S Ali
- University of Agriculture, Pakistan
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12
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Memon FU, Yang Y, Lv F, Soliman AM, Chen Y, Sun J, Wang Y, Zhang G, Li Z, Xu B, Gadahi JA, Si H. Effects of probiotic and Bidens pilosa on the performance and gut health of chicken during induced Eimeria tenella infection. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 131:425-434. [PMID: 33170996 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we have examined the individual and combined protective mechanism of probiotic and Bidens pilosa on the performance and gut health of chickens during Eimeria tenella infection over a 29-day experimental trial. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of one hundred and fifty 1-day-old chickens were equally distributed into five treatment groups with three biological replicates: two groups were allocated as control groups (control group untreated unchallenged, CG and control positive untreated challenged, CPG) and three groups were fed diets with probiotic (PG), B. pilosa (BPG) and probiotic + B. pilosa (PG + BPG) and challenged with E. tenella. Birds of all groups were assessed for pre and post-infection body weights, oocysts shedding, caecal lesion scores and mRNA expression levels of apoptosis related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3), antioxidant enzymes (CAT and SOD 1), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) and tight junction proteins (CLDN 1 and ZO 1). Our results revealed that during infection (day 21-29), E. tenella challenged chickens significantly decreased the body weight compared with uninfected control chickens; however, there was no significant effect on body weight of chickens fed with probiotic, B. pilosa and probiotic + B. pilosa was observed. Eimeria tenella challenged untreated birds increased (P < 0·05) oocysts shedding, destructive ratio of caeca and mortality as compared to treated challenged birds. CPG group up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 while down-regulated the pro-apoptosis protein Bax relative to PG, BPG and PG + BPG groups. Moreover chickens fed probiotic, B. pilosa and probiotic + B. pilosa diets enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, pro-inflammatory cytokines and tight junction proteins with the comparison of control positive untreated challenged chickens. CONCLUSION These findings elaborated that feed supplementation of probiotic and B. pilosa (individually or in combination) appeared to be effective in inhibiting the occurrence of disease and decreasing the severity of Eimeria infection in chickens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study explained the underlying anti-coccidial mechanism in which probiotic and B. pilosa (individually and/or in combination) improve the performance of chicken and protect against gut inflammatory responses caused by E. tenella.
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Affiliation(s)
- F U Memon
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - F Lv
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - A M Soliman
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - J Sun
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - G Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - B Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - J A Gadahi
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - H Si
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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13
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Wang C, Liu Y, Zheng H, Li Y, He J, Wang X, Wang M, Zhang L, Xue F, Zhang K. Safety pharmacology assessment of Ethanamizuril, a novel triazines coccidiostat. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:271-278. [PMID: 32693252 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, to support the safety pharmacology assessment of Ethanamizuril as a new potent anticoccidial agent of triazine compounds, the effects of Ethanamizuril on the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and respiratory system were investigated. Using locomotor activity test, climbing behavior test and nembutal subthreshold hypnotic test at each time point after oral administration of Ethanamizuril to mice, the effects on the central nervous system were evaluated. An assessment of Ethanamizuril effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory system were performed by the use of a telemetry system in conscious beagle dogs. The results showed that the treatment of Ethanamizuril had no effects on motor activity, behavioral changes, coordination, and sensory/motor reflex responses in mice. There were also no changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram at all doses and each time points in beagle dogs. Our data suggested that Ethanamizuril showed no adverse effects on the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Haihong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Centre for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Jun He
- Centre for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Mi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Feiqun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Keyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, PR China.
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14
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Muraina IA, Gotep JG, Tanko JT, Onyiche TE, Aladelokun OB, Dapuliga CC, Forcados GE, Ozele N, Samuel AL, Oladipo OO, Akanbi OB, Okewole PA, Ahmed MS. Anticoccidial effects of Khaya senegalensis aqueous stem bark extract on broiler chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria species. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1249-1255. [PMID: 32006232 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Graded concentrations (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) of the aqueous stem bark extract of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated for its therapeutic efficacy against experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chicken. The phytochemical analysis shows the presence of tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides and steroids. There was significant reduction in oocyst count across the groups in a graded dose manner with 800 mg/kg being the most efficacious dose. There was also weight gain across the treatment groups with immuno-modulatory and erythropoetic activities observed. Also, a significant (p < 0.05) graded dose-dependent reduction in the oocyst count in the treatment groups. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in mean weight gain was also recorded across the experimental groups except the negative control. The haematology also showed a dose-dependent increase in red blood cells, haemoglobin and packed cell volume of the treatment groups. The extract had no significant difference (p > 0.05) on the white blood cells, but a slight decrease in the white blood cells and heterophil counts was observed at 400 mg/kg. Furthermore, the aspartate amino transaminase level showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Fluctuating levels of other serum biochemical parameters such as total protein, albumin and potassium were observed. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in the sodium concentration was observed. In addition, oxidative stress biomarkers such as catalase significantly increased (p < 0.05) in all the experimental groups in addition to the concomitant increase in reduced gluthathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Conclusively, the aqueous extract of K. senegalensis was effective in the management of coccidiosis thus supporting its folkloric use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa A Muraina
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Jurbe G Gotep
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - James T Tanko
- Parasitology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - ThankGod E Onyiche
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Oladimeji B Aladelokun
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Christiana C Dapuliga
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gilead E Forcados
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Nonyelim Ozele
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Ann L Samuel
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Olusola O Oladipo
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Olatunde B Akanbi
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, PMB 01, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Philip A Okewole
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, PMB 01, Nigeria
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15
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Toxicity study of Bidens pilosa in animals. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:150-157. [PMID: 32257878 PMCID: PMC7109477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidens pilosa (BP) is an edible Asteraceae plant found worldwide that has traditionally been used as food without noticeable side effects. BP has also been used as an herbal medicine to treat over 41 categories of disease in humans and animals. However, to date no long-term toxicity study of BP has been conducted in animals. In this study, 24-week oral toxicity of BP at doses of 0%, 0.5%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% of food was investigated in mice. Mortality, body weight, organ weight, food intake, water consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, genotoxicity and organ histopathology of animals of both sexes were analyzed. No significant difference in the above parameters was observed between control and BP-fed mice except that body weight and food intake in those fed with 10% BP were significantly less than controls. In addition, similar results were seen in chickens fed with BP for 28 days. Collectively, the data demonstrate that BP has no adverse effects in mice and chickens at dose of 5% or less of food.
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16
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Yang WC, Yang CY, Liang YC, Yang CW, Li WQ, Chung CY, Yang MT, Kuo TF, Lin CF, Liang CL, Chang CLT. Anti-coccidial properties and mechanisms of an edible herb, Bidens pilosa, and its active compounds for coccidiosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2896. [PMID: 30814608 PMCID: PMC6393484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis is an economically important disease in the poultry industry. In view of the disadvantages of anti-coccidial drugs in chickens, edible plants and their compounds are re-emerging as an alternative strategy to combat this disease. A previous publication reported that the edible plant B. pilosa showed promise for use against coccidiosis. Here, we first investigated into the anti-coccidial effects of B. pilosa. We found that B. pilosa at 100 ppm or more significantly suppressed E. tenella as evidenced by reduction in mortality rate, oocyst excretion and gut pathological severity in chickens and its minimum prophylactic duration was 3 days. Next, we explored the mode of action of anti-coccidial mechanism of B. pilosa. The E. tenella oocysts were not directly killed by B. pilosa; however, administration of the plant suppressed oocyst sporulation, sporozoite invasion, and schizonts in the life cycle of E. tenella. Besides, B. pilosa boosted T cell-mediated immunity. Finally, we characterized the related anti-coccidial phytochemicals and their mode of action. One of three potent polyynes present in B. pilsoa, Compound 1 (cytopiloyne), acted against coccidiosis in chickens in a similar manner to B. pilosa. These data illustrate the anti-coccidial potency and mechanism of B. pilosa and one of its active compounds, and provide a cornerstone for development of novel herbal remedies for avian coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ying Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Liang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Wen Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Qun Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Chung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, and National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Fen Kuo
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Liang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cicero Lee-Tian Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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17
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Abstract
Since the renaissance of microbiome research in the past decade, much insight has accumulated in comprehending forces shaping the architecture and functionality of resident microorganisms in the human gut. Of the multiple host-endogenous and host-exogenous factors involved, diet emerges as a pivotal determinant of gut microbiota community structure and function. By introducing dietary signals into the nexus between the host and its microbiota, nutrition sustains homeostasis or contributes to disease susceptibility. Herein, we summarize major concepts related to the effect of dietary constituents on the gut microbiota, highlighting chief principles in the diet-microbiota crosstalk. We then discuss the health benefits and detrimental consequences that the interactions between dietary and microbial factors elicit in the host. Finally, we present the promises and challenges that arise when seeking to incorporate microbiome data in dietary planning and portray the anticipated revolution that the field of nutrition is facing upon adopting these novel concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niv Zmora
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Gastroenterology Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jotham Suez
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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18
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Oh S, Gadde UD, Bravo D, Lillehoj EP, Lillehoj HS. Growth-Promoting and Antioxidant Effects of Magnolia Bark Extract in Chickens Uninfected or Co-Infected with Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria maxima as an Experimental Model of Necrotic Enteritis. Curr Dev Nutr 2018; 2:nzy009. [PMID: 30019032 PMCID: PMC6041942 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnolia tree bark has been widely used in traditional Asian medicine. However, to our knowledge, no studies have been reported investigating the effects of dietary supplementation with magnolia bark extract in chickens. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of chickens with a Magnolia officinalis bark extract would increase growth performance in uninfected and Eimeria maxima/Clostridium perfringens co-infected chickens. METHODS A total of 168 chickens were fed from hatch either a standard diet or a diet supplemented with 0.33 mg or 0.56 mg M. officinalis bark extract/kg (M/H low or M/H high, respectively) from days 1 to 35. At day 14, half of the chickens were orally infected with E. maxima, followed by C. perfringens infection at day 18 to induce experimental avian necrotic enteritis. Daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, and final body weight were measured as indicators of growth performance. Serum α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentrations were measured as an indicator of systemic inflammation, and intestinal lesion scores were determined as a marker of disease progression. Transcript levels for catalase, heme oxygenase 1, and superoxide dismutase in the intestine, liver, spleen, and skeletal muscle were measured as indicators of antioxidant status. RESULTS Growth performance increased between days 1 and 35 in uninfected and E. maxima/C. perfringens co-infected chickens fed M/H-low or M/H-high diets compared with unsupplemented controls. Gut lesion scores were decreased, whereas AGP concentrations were unchanged, in co-infected chickens fed magnolia-supplemented diets compared with unsupplemented controls. In general, transcripts for antioxidant enzymes increased in chickens fed magnolia-supplemented diets compared with unsupplemented controls, and significant interactions between dietary supplementation and co-infection were observed for all antioxidant enzyme transcript levels. CONCLUSION Magnolia bark extract might be useful for future development of dietary strategies to improve poultry health, disease resistance, and productivity without the use of antibiotic growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungtaek Oh
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Ujvala Deepthi Gadde
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | | | - Erik P Lillehoj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
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19
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Abbas A, Iqbal Z, Abbas RZ, Khan MK, Khan JA, Sindhu ZUD, Mahmood MS, Saleemi MK. In vivo anticoccidial effects of Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) in broiler chickens. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:139-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Herbal Remedies for Coccidiosis Control: A Review of Plants, Compounds, and Anticoccidial Actions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2657981. [PMID: 27429634 PMCID: PMC4939967 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2657981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is the bane of the poultry industry causing considerable economic loss. Eimeria species are known as protozoan parasites to cause morbidity and death in poultry. In addition to anticoccidial chemicals and vaccines, natural products are emerging as an alternative and complementary way to control avian coccidiosis. In this review, we update recent advances in the use of anticoccidial phytoextracts and phytocompounds, which cover 32 plants and 40 phytocompounds, following a database search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Four plant products commercially available for coccidiosis are included and discussed. We also highlight the chemical and biological properties of the plants and compounds as related to coccidiosis control. Emphasis is placed on the modes of action of the anticoccidial plants and compounds such as interference with the life cycle of Eimeria, regulation of host immunity to Eimeria, growth regulation of gut bacteria, and/or multiple mechanisms. Biological actions, mechanisms, and prophylactic/therapeutic potential of the compounds and extracts of plant origin in coccidiosis are summarized and discussed.
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21
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Chung CY, Yang WC, Liang CL, Liu HY, Lai SK, Chang CLT. Cytopiloyne, a polyacetylenic glucoside from Bidens pilosa, acts as a novel anticandidal agent via regulation of macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 184:72-80. [PMID: 26924565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bidens pilosa, a tropical and sub-tropical herbal plant, is used as an ethnomedicine for bacterial infection or immune modulation in Asia, America and Africa. It has been demonstrated that cytopiloyne (CP), a bioactive polyacetylenic glucoside purified from B. pilosa, increases the percentage of macrophages in the spleen but the specific effects on macrophages remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CP on macrophage activity and host defense in BALB/c mice with Candida parapsilosis infection and investigate the likely mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage cell line, were used to assess the effects of CP on macrophage activity by phagocytosis assay, colony forming assay and acridine orange/crystal violet stain. To evaluate the activity of CP against C. parapsilosis, BALB/c mouse infection models were treated with/without CP and histopathological examination was performed. The role of macrophages in the infection model was clarified by treatment with carrageenan, a selective macrophage-toxic agent. RAW264.7 macrophage activities influenced by CP were further investigated by lysosome staining, phagosomal acidification assay, lysosome enzyme activity and PKC inhibitor GF109203X. RESULTS The results showed that CP in vitro enhances the ability of RAW264.7 macrophages to engulf and clear C. parapsilosis. In the mouse model, CP treatment improved the survival rate of Candida-infected mice and lowered the severity of microscopic lesions in livers and spleens via a macrophage-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, with CP treatment, the fusion and acidification of phagolysosomes were accelerated and the lysosome enzyme activity of RAW264.7 macrophages was elevated. PKC inhibitor GF109203X reversed the increase in phagocytic activity by CP demonstrating that the PKC pathway is involved in the macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of C. parapsilosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that CP, as an immunomodulator, enhances macrophage activity against C. parapsilosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yao Chung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yueh Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kai Lai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Cicero Lee-Tian Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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22
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Chang CLT, Yang CY, Muthamilselvan T, Yang WC. Field trial of medicinal plant, Bidens pilosa, against eimeriosis in broilers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24692. [PMID: 27098674 PMCID: PMC4838822 DOI: 10.1038/srep24692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Eimeriosis is a severe protozoan disease in poultry. Because of increasing concern about drug residue and drug resistance with the use of anticoccidial drugs, natural products are emerging as an alternative and complementary approach to control avian eimeriosis. Our previous publication showed that feed supplemented with B. pilosa (BP) was effective at combating chicken eimeriosis in experimental settings. However, its efficacy against chicken eimeriosis under field conditions is not known. Here, we investigated the efficacy of BP against eimeriosis on an organic chicken farm. We found that feed supplemented with BP, at the dose of 0.025% of feed or more, significantly reduced Eimeria infection. This treatment increased body weight gain and reduced feed conversion ratio, leading to superior growth performance. It lowered morbidity/mortality rate, decreased oocysts per gram of feces and gut pathology and augmented the anticoccidial index. Collectively, these data demonstrated the potential of BP to control chicken eimeriosis on chicken farms. BP can, therefore, be used as an effective means to control eimeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicero Lee-Tian Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ying Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taiwan.,Department of Aquaculture, National Ocean University, Keelung Chung, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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23
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Gotep JG, Tanko JT, Forcados GE, Muraina IA, Ozele N, Dogonyaro BB, Oladipo OO, Makoshi MS, Akanbi OB, Kinjir H, Samuel AL, Onyiche TE, Ochigbo GO, Aladelokun OB, Ozoani HA, Viyoff VZ, Dapuliga CC, Atiku AA, Okewole PA, Shamaki D, Ahmed MS, Nduaka CI. Therapeutic and Safety Evaluation of Combined Aqueous Extracts of Azadirachta indica and Khaya senegalensis in Chickens Experimentally Infected with Eimeria Oocysts. J Parasitol Res 2016; 2016:4692424. [PMID: 26989496 PMCID: PMC4771916 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4692424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is a disease of economic importance in poultry causing morbidity and mortality. Reports show that Azadirachta indica and Khaya senegalensis have been used individually in the treatment of avian coccidiosis. We thus investigated the efficacy and safety of the combined aqueous extracts of these plants for the treatment of experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens using oocyst count, oxidative stress biomarkers, serum biochemistry, histology, and haematological parameters. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and steroids in both extracts. In addition, alkaloids and flavonoids were present in Azadirachta indica. There was significant (p < 0.05) dose dependent decrease in oocyst count across the treatment groups with 400 mg/kg of the combined extract being the most efficacious dose. Immunomodulatory and erythropoietic activity was observed. There were decreased intestinal lesions and enhanced antioxidant activity across the treatment groups compared to the negative control. Administration of the combined extract did not cause damage to the liver as ALT, AST, and ALP levels were significantly reduced in the uninfected chickens treated with the extracts compared to control suggesting safety at the doses used. The combined aqueous extracts of K. senegalensis stem bark and Azadirachta indica leaves were ameliorative in chickens infected with coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. G. Gotep
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - J. T. Tanko
- Parasitology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - G. E. Forcados
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - I. A. Muraina
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - N. Ozele
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - B. B. Dogonyaro
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - O. O. Oladipo
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - M. S. Makoshi
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - O. B. Akanbi
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - H. Kinjir
- Haematology Department, Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory Technology, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - A. L. Samuel
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - T. E. Onyiche
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Maiduguri, Bama Road, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - G. O. Ochigbo
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, PMB 0248, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O. B. Aladelokun
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, PMB 0248, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - H. A. Ozoani
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - V. Z. Viyoff
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - C. C. Dapuliga
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
- Microbiology Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - A. A. Atiku
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - P. A. Okewole
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, PMB 01, Vom, Nigeria
| | - D. Shamaki
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - M. S. Ahmed
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - C. I. Nduaka
- Africa Education Initiative (NEF), 9401 Sentinel Ridge, Eagleville, PA 19403, USA
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24
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Beneficial Effect of Bidens pilosa on Body Weight Gain, Food Conversion Ratio, Gut Bacteria and Coccidiosis in Chickens. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146141. [PMID: 26765226 PMCID: PMC4713076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the interests of food safety and public health, plants and their compounds are now re-emerging as an alternative approach to treat gastrointestinal diseases in chickens. Here, we studied the impact of the edible medicinal plant, B. pilosa, on growth performance, gut bacteria and coccidiosis in chickens. First, we found that B. pilosa significantly elevated body weight gain and lowered feed conversion ratio in chickens. Next, we showed that B. pilosa reduced cecal damage as evidenced by increased hemorrhage, villus destruction and decreased villus-to-crypt ratio in chicken ceca. We also performed pyrosequencing of the PCR ampilcons based on the 16S rRNA genes of gut bacteria in chickens. Metagenomic analysis indicated that the chicken gut bacteria belonged to 6 phyla, 6 classes, 6 orders, 9 families, and 8 genera. More importantly, we found that B. pilosa affected the composition of bacteria. This change in bacteria composition was correlated with body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and gut pathology in chickens. Collectively, this work suggests that B. pilosa has beneficial effects on growth performance and protozoan infection in chickens probably via modulation of gut bacteria.
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