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Liu J, Gao Y, Zhang X, Hao Z, Zhang H, Gui R, Liu F, Tong C, Wang X. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of bovine mammary epithelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2290527. [PMID: 38141161 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2290527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis in cows is caused by the inflammation of the mammary glands due to an infection by external pathogenic bacteria. Mammary gland epithelial cells, which are in direct contact with the external environment, are responsible for the first line of defense of the mammary gland against pathogenic bacteria, playing an essential role in immune defense. To investigate the mechanism of bovine mammary epithelial cells in the inflammatory process, we treated the cells with LPS for 12 hours and analyzed the changes in mRNA by transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that compared to the control group, the LPS treatment group had 121 up-regulated genes and 18 down-regulated genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that these differential genes were mainly enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway, Legionellosis, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and other signaling pathways. Furthermore, the expression of GRO1 and CXCL3 mRNAs increased significantly after LPS treatment. These findings provide new insights for the treatment of mastitis in cows in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yingkui Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Huaqiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Rong Gui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Chao Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
- Wuhu Overseas Student Pioneer Park, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
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Zhang W, Chen H, Ding L, Huang J, Zhang M, Liu Y, Ma R, Zheng S, Gong J, Piña‐Crespo JC, Zhang Y. Microglial targeted therapy relieves cognitive impairment caused by Cntnap4 deficiency. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220160. [PMID: 37933376 PMCID: PMC10624376 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Contactin-associated protein-like 4 (Cntnap4) is critical for GABAergic transmission in the brain. Impaired Cntnap4 function is implicated in neurological disorders, such as autism; however, the role of Cntnap4 on memory processing is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that hippocampal Cntnap4 deficiency in female mice manifests as impaired cognitive function and synaptic plasticity. The underlying mechanisms may involve effects on the pro-inflammatory response resulting in dysfunctional GABAergic transmission and activated tryptophan metabolism. To efficiently and accurately inhibit the pro-inflammatory reaction, we established a biomimetic microglial nanoparticle strategy to deliver FDA-approved PLX3397 (termed MNPs@PLX). We show MNPs@PLX successfully penetrates the blood brain barrier and facilitates microglial-targeted delivery of PLX3397. Furthermore, MNPs@PLX attenuates cognitive decline, dysfunctional synaptic plasticity, and pro-inflammatory response in female heterozygous Cntnap4 knockout mice. Together, our findings show loss of Cntnap4 causes pro-inflammatory cognitive decline that is effectively prevented by supplementation with microglia-specific inhibitors; thus validating the targeting of microglial function as a therapeutic intervention in neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Huaqing Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyCenter for Biotechnology and BiomedicineState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsState Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and TechnologyInstitute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Liuyan Ding
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mengran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Runfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Junwei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Juan C. Piña‐Crespo
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramCenter for Genetic Disorders and Aging ResearchSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
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Ouyang L, Tang H, Liu Z, Tian Y, Gao X, Peng T, Wang Z, Lan X, Shen W, Xiao D, Wan F, Liu L. Resveratrol inhibits LPS-induced apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells: the role of PGC1α-SIRT3 axis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023:10.1007/s11626-023-00766-2. [PMID: 37173557 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (Res) is a bioactive dietary component and alleviates apoptosis in multiple cell types. However, its effect and mechanism on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) apoptosis, which commonly happens in dairy cows with mastitis, is unknown. We hypothesized that Res would inhibit LPS-induced apoptosis in BMEC through SIRT3, a NAD + -dependent deacetylase activated by Res. To test the dose-response effect on apoptosis, 0-50 μM Res were incubated with BMEC for 12 h, followed by 250 μg/mL LPS treatment for 12 h. To investigate the role of SIRT3 in Res-mediated alleviation of apoptosis, BMEC were pretreated with 50 μM Res for 12 h, then incubated with si-SIRT3 for 12 h and were finally treated with 250 μg/mL LPS for 12 h. Res dose-dependently promoted the cell viability and protein levels of Bcl-2 (Linear P < 0.001) but decreased protein levels of Bax, Caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 (Linear P < 0.001). TUNEL assays indicated that cellular fluorescence intensity declined with the rising doses of Res. Res also dose-dependently upregulated SIRT3 expression, but LPS had the opposite effect. SIRT3 silencing abolished these results with Res incubation. Mechanically, Res enhanced the nuclear translocation of PGC1α, the transcriptional cofactor for SIRT3. Further molecular docking analysis revealed that Res could directly bind to PGC1α by forming a hydrogen bond with Tyr-722. Overall, our data suggested that Res relieved LPS-induced BMEC apoptosis through the PGC1α-SIRT3 axis, providing a basis for further in vivo investigations of applying Res to relieve mastitis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Huilun Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zilin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tao Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- College of Animal Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xinyi Lan
- College of Animal Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Wang L, Wang C, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yin Y. Research progress on anti-stress nutrition strategies in swine. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023; 13:342-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Zheng L, Lu X, Yang S, Zou Y, Zeng F, Xiong S, Cao Y, Zhou W. The anti-inflammatory activity of GABA-enriched Moringa oleifera leaves produced by fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum LK-1. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1093036. [PMID: 36969807 PMCID: PMC10034114 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1093036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionGamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of the main active components in Moringa oleifera leaves, can be widely used to treat multiple diseases including inflammation.MethodsIn this study, the anti-inflammatory activity and the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of the GABA-enriched Moringa oleifera leaves fermentation broth (MLFB) were investigated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells model. The key active components changes like total flavonoids, total polyphenols and organic acid in the fermentation broth after fermentation was also analyzed.ResultsELISA, RT-qPCR and Western blot results indicated that MLFB could dose-dependently inhibit the secretions and intracellular expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like 1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, MLFB also suppressed the expressions of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Moreover, the mRNA expressions of the key molecules like Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in the NF-κB signaling pathway were also restrained by MLFB in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, the key active components analysis result showed that the GABA, total polyphenols, and most organic acids like pyruvic acid, lactic acid as well as acetic acid were increased obviously after fermentation. The total flavonoids content in MLFB was still remained to be 32 mg/L though a downtrend was presented after fermentation.DiscussionOur results indicated that the MLFB could effectively alleviate LPS-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting the secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and its underlying mechanism might be associated with the inhibition of TLR-4/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway activation. The anti-inflammatory activity of MLFB might related to the relative high contents of GABA as well as other active constituents such as flavonoids, phenolics and organic acids in MLFB. Our study provides the theoretical basis for applying GABA-enriched Moringa oleifera leaves as a functional food ingredient in the precaution and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Kim K, Yoon H. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Signaling in Damage Response, Metabolism, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054584. [PMID: 36902014 PMCID: PMC10003236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a crucial role in signal transduction and can function as a neurotransmitter. Although many studies have been conducted on GABA in brain biology, the cellular function and physiological relevance of GABA in other metabolic organs remain unclear. Here, we will discuss recent advances in understanding GABA metabolism with a focus on its biosynthesis and cellular functions in other organs. The mechanisms of GABA in liver biology and disease have revealed new ways to link the biosynthesis of GABA to its cellular function. By reviewing what is known about the distinct effects of GABA and GABA-mediated metabolites in physiological pathways, we provide a framework for understanding newly identified targets regulating the damage response, with implications for ameliorating metabolic diseases. With this review, we suggest that further research is necessary to develop GABA's beneficial and toxic effects on metabolic disease progression.
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Gong R, Liu X, Zhao J. Electroacupuncture-induced activation of GABAergic system alleviates airway inflammation in asthma model by suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:451-460. [PMID: 36867547 PMCID: PMC10106183 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to attenuate airway inflammation in asthmatic mice; however, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Studies have shown that EA can significantly increase the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in mice, and can also increase the expression level of GABA type A receptor (GABAAR). Furthermore, activating GABAAR may relieve inflammation in asthma by suppressing toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of GABAergic system and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in asthmatic mice treated with EA. METHODS A mouse model of asthma was established, and a series of methods including Western blot and histological staining assessment were employed to detect the level of GABA, and expressions of GABAAR and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB in lung tissue. In addition, GABAAR antagonist was used to further validate the role and mechanism of GABAergic system in mediating the therapeutic effect of EA in asthma. RESULTS The mouse model of asthma was established successfully, and EA was verified to alleviate airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. The release of GABA and the expression of GABAAR were significantly increased in asthmatic mice treated with EA compared with untreated asthmatic mice ( P < 0.01), and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway was down-regulated. Moreover, inhibition of GABAAR attenuated the beneficial effects of EA in asthma, including the regulation of airway resistance and inflammation, as well as the inhibitory effects on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that GABAergic system may be involved in mediating the therapeutic effect of EA in asthma, possibly by suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisong Gong
- Department of Anesthesia, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
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Shan Y, Zhao J, Zheng Y, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. Understanding the function of the GABAergic system and its potential role in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114350. [PMID: 36825000 PMCID: PMC9941139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly disabling chronic autoimmune disease. Multiple factors contribute to the complex pathological process of RA, in which an abnormal autoimmune response, high survival of inflammatory cells, and excessive release of inflammatory factors lead to a severe chronic inflammatory response. Clinical management of RA remains limited; therefore, exploring and discovering new mechanisms of action could enhance clinical benefits for patients with RA. Important bidirectional communication occurs between the brain and immune system in inflammatory diseases such as RA, and circulating immune complexes can cause neuroinflammatory responses in the brain. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system is a part of the nervous system that primarily comprises GABA, GABA-related receptors, and GABA transporter (GAT) systems. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that binds to GABA receptors in the presence of GATs to exert a variety of pathophysiological regulatory effects, with its predominant role being neural signaling. Nonetheless, the GABAergic system may also have immunomodulatory effects. GABA/GABA-A receptors may inhibit the progression of inflammation in RA and GATs may promote inflammation. GABA-B receptors may also act as susceptibility genes for RA, regulating the inflammatory response of RA via immune cells. Furthermore, the GABAergic system may modulate the abnormal pain response in RA patients. We also summarized the latest clinical applications of the GABAergic system and provided an outlook on its clinical application in RA. However, direct studies on the GABAergic system and RA are still lacking; therefore, we hope to provide potential therapeutic options and a theoretical basis for RA treatment by summarizing any potential associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shan
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Shicheng Guo, ; Steven J. Schrodi, ; Dongyi He,
| | - Steven J. Schrodi
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Shicheng Guo, ; Steven J. Schrodi, ; Dongyi He,
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Shicheng Guo, ; Steven J. Schrodi, ; Dongyi He,
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Gene Networks and Pathways Involved in LPS-Induced Proliferative Response of Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122342. [PMID: 36553609 PMCID: PMC9778113 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria involved in the pathogenic processes leading to mastitis and metritis in animals such as dairy cattle. LPS causes cell proliferation associated with endometrium inflammation. Former in vitro studies have demonstrated that LPS induces an intense stimulation of the proliferation of a pure population of bovine endometrial epithelial cells. In a follow-up transcriptomic study based on RNA-sequencing data obtained after 24 h exposure of primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells to 0, 2, and 8 μg/mL LPS, 752 and 727 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between the controls and LPS-treated samples that encode proteins known to be associated with either proliferation or apoptosis, respectively. The present bioinformatic analysis was performed to decipher the gene networks involved to obtain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the proliferative and apoptosis processes. Our findings have revealed 116 putative transcription factors (TFs) and the most significant number of interactions between these TFs and DEGs belong to NFKβ1, TP53, STAT1, and HIF1A. Moreover, our results provide novel insights into the early signaling and metabolic pathways in bovine endometrial epithelial cells associated with the innate immune response and cell proliferation to Escherichia coli-LPS infection. The results further indicated that LPS challenge elicited a strong transcriptomic response, leading to potent activation of pro-inflammatory pathways that are associated with a marked endometrial cancer, Toll-like receptor, NFKβ, AKT, apoptosis, and MAPK signaling pathways. This effect may provide a mechanistic explanation for the relationship between LPS and cell proliferation.
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Javaid A, Wang F, Horst EA, Diaz-Rubio ME, Wang LF, Baumgard LH, McFadden JW. Effects of acute intravenous lipopolysaccharide administration on the plasma lipidome and metabolome in lactating Holstein cows experiencing hyperlipidemia. Metabolomics 2022; 18:75. [PMID: 36125563 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of lipopolysaccharides (i.e., endotoxin; LPS) on metabolism are poorly defined in lactating dairy cattle experiencing hyperlipidemia. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to explore the effects of acute intravenous LPS administration on metabolism in late-lactation Holstein cows experiencing hyperlipidemia induced by intravenous triglyceride infusion and feed restriction. METHODS Ten non-pregnant lactating Holstein cows (273 ± 35 d in milk) were administered a single bolus of saline (3 mL of saline; n [Formula: see text] 5) or LPS (0.375 [Formula: see text]g of LPS/kg of body weight; n [Formula: see text] 5). Simultaneously, cows were intravenously infused a triglyceride emulsion and feed restricted for 16 h to induce hyperlipidemia in an attempt to model the periparturient period. Blood was sampled at routine intervals. Changes in circulating total fatty acid concentrations and inflammatory parameters were measured. Plasma samples were analyzed using untargeted lipidomics and metabolomics. RESULTS Endotoxin increased circulating serum amyloid A, LPS-binding protein, and cortisol concentrations. Endotoxin administration decreased plasma lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentrations and increased select plasma ceramide concentrations. These outcomes suggest modulation of the immune response and insulin action. Lipopolysaccharide decreased the ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanomanine, which potentially indicate a decrease in the hepatic activation of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and triglyceride export. Endotoxin administration also increased plasma concentrations of pyruvic and lactic acids, and decreased plasma citric acid concentrations, which implicate the upregulation of glycolysis and downregulation of the citric acid cycle (i.e., the Warburg effect), potentially in leukocytes. CONCLUSION Acute intravenous LPS administration decreased circulating LPC concentrations, modified ceramide and glycerophospholipid concentrations, and influenced intermediary metabolism in dairy cows experiencing hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Javaid
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Feiran Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Erin A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - M Elena Diaz-Rubio
- Cornell Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lin F Wang
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lance H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Joseph W McFadden
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Li YH, Hsu DZ, Liu CT, Chandrasekaran VRM, Liu MY. The protective effect of muscimol against systemic inflammatory response in endotoxemic mice is independent of GABAergic and cholinergic receptors. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:665-678. [PMID: 35856422 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome plays an important role in the development of sepsis. GABAergic and cholinergic pathways activation are considered important for inflammatory response regulation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12, IL-10, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) are important inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Muscimol, an active compound from the mushroom Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam., is a potent GABAA agonist, inhibits inflammatory response via activating GABAA receptor and vagus nerve. However, the effect of muscimol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammatory response is still unclear. Therefore, we studied the effects of muscimol on systemic inflammatory response and survival rate in endotoxemic mice. Mice endotoxemia was induced by LPS. Muscimol was given to mice or RAW264.7 cells 30 min before LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p., or 10 ng/mL, respectively). Mice received GABAergic and cholinergic receptor antagonists 30 min before muscimol and LPS. Muscimol decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12, iNOS-derived NO, and increased IL-10 levels and survival rate after LPS treatment. Muscimol significantly decreased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity, increased IκB expression, and decreased pIKK expression in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. GABAergic and cholinergic antagonists failed to reverse muscimol's protection in LPS-treated mice. In conclusion, muscimol protected against systemic inflammatory response in endotoxemic mice may be partially independent of GABAergic and cholinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
| | - Dur-Zong Hsu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Teng Liu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Victor Raj Mohan Chandrasekaran
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yie Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
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The anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic effects of EPO through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in MAC-T cells. Res Vet Sci 2022; 149:1-10. [PMID: 35714559 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important inflammatory and infected factor of bacterial mastitis, which treated bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) in our previous studies, as mastitis cells model in vitro. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a well-known hematopoietic hormone with antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory roles. We hypothesized that EPO might regulate the apoptosis and autophagy to attenuate the inflammation of mastitis. Western blot, RT-PCR, transmission electron microscope analysis and Annexin V-FITC/PI were used to evaluate the regulation of EPO on apoptosis and autophagy in inflammatory MAC-T cells. These results demonstrated that EPO promoted the proliferation of MAC-T cells. Meanwhile, EPO had a better anti-inflammatory effect in MAC-T cells with LPS treatment. Certainly, EPO also showed anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic effects. Interestingly, we found that the beneficial effect of EPO on inflammatory MAC-T cells depended on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which was involved in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy. Generally, this study provides an insight for EPO to inhibit apoptosis and autophagy of inflammatory MAC-T cells via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, originated in China and quickly spread across the globe. Despite tremendous economic and healthcare devastation, research on this virus has contributed to a better understanding of numerous molecular pathways, including those involving γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), that will positively impact medical science, including neuropsychiatry, in the post-pandemic era. SARS-CoV-2 primarily enters the host cells through the renin–angiotensin system’s component named angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2). Among its many functions, this protein upregulates GABA, protecting not only the central nervous system but also the endothelia, the pancreas, and the gut microbiota. SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE-2 usurps the neuronal and non-neuronal GABAergic systems, contributing to the high comorbidity of neuropsychiatric illness with gut dysbiosis and endothelial and metabolic dysfunctions. In this perspective article, we take a closer look at the pathology emerging from the viral hijacking of non-neuronal GABA and summarize potential interventions for restoring these systems.
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Zhang S, Zhao J, Hu J, He H, Wei Y, Ji L, Ma X. Gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alleviates hepatic inflammation via GABA receptors/TLR4/NF-κB pathways in growing-finishing pigs generated by super-multiparous sows. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 9:280-290. [PMID: 35600552 PMCID: PMC9092368 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The offspring of super-multiparous sows face problems such as decreased growth performance, poor meat quality and even diseases in animal husbandry. Gama-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has long been known to promote growth and suppress inflammation, but little is known about the mechanisms. A total of 72 growing-finishing pigs from the 8th generation were randomly allotted to 2 groups with 6 replicates per treatment to receive a corn–soybean basal diet or the basal diet supplemented 20 mg/kg GABA for 60 d. After the animal-trial period, samples of serum and liver were collected for further analysis. Additionally, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory model using HepG2 cells was established to explore the role of GABA on regulating hepatic inflammation. The results indicated that inflammatory cell infiltration occurs in the liver of progeny of super-multiparous sows, and dietary supplementation with GABA influenced liver morphology, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased the expression abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-1β, in the liver of growing-finishing pigs (P < 0.05). In addition, GABA supplementation increased mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and GABA receptors (GABARs), and reduced the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling (P < 0.05). Additionally, an in vitro experiment demonstrated that GABA decreased the expressions of hepatic TLR4/NF-κB signaling via activating GABARs under LPS-stress (P < 0.05). In summary, liver injury may affect the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs by changing hepatic mitochondrial metabolism, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and TLR4/NF-κB pathway and that GABA supplementation has a restorative effect by acting on GABARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinhua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hengxun He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yihan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linbao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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15
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Wu S, Ye H, Xue T, Wang J. Mechanism of lipopolysaccharide-mediated induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition of alveolar type II epithelial cells in absence of other inflammatory cells. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211014427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that gram-negative bacilli infection can cause acute lung injury, and that consequent pulmonary fibrosis is caused when alveolar type-II epithelial cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the mechanism underlying this change remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate whether the main toxin of gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can induce EMT in human alveolar epithelial cells, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Human alveolar type-II epithelial cells (A549) were used in EMT induction experiments. Cells were collected after LPS exposure, and changes in the expression levels of epithelial and mesenchymal cell markers were determined. Further, the effect of LPS exposure on the expression of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and Smad2/3 was assessed. The expression level of a mesenchymal cell marker was also assessed after pharmacological inhibition of TLR4 and TGF-β1 prior to addition of LPS, to identify downstream pathways involved in EMT induction. Results showed that LPS exposure caused significant downregulation of epithelial marker E-cadherin, and upregulation of mesenchymal marker vimentin, together with increased expression of TGF-β1 and activation of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway. Furthermore, pretreatment with TGF-β1 and TLR4 inhibitors suppressed EMT, and treatment with the latter also reduced the expression level of TGF-β1. Overall, we conclude that LPS directly induces EMT in A549 cells through upregulation of TLR4 and activation of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling pathway. Our results suggest that LPS-mediated pulmonary fibrosis may occur in ALI patients even if the LPS-induced inflammatory response is inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - TianJiao Xue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Li R, Fang H, Shen J, Jin Y, Zhao Y, Wang R, Fu Y, Tian Y, Yu H, Zhang J. Curcumin Alleviates LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells via the NFE2L2 Signaling Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:208. [PMID: 33809242 PMCID: PMC7999830 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin, which may cause immune response and inflammation of bovine mammary glands. Mastitis impairs animal health and results in economic loss. Curcumin (CUR) is a naturally occurring diketone compound, which has attracted widespread attention as a potential anti-inflammatory antioxidant. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether CUR can reduce the damage of bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) induced by LPS and its underlying molecular mechanism. The MAC-T cell line was treated with different concentrations of LPS and CUR for 24 h. The results showed that CUR rescued the decrease of MAC-T cell viability and cell damage induced by LPS. At the same time, 10 µM CUR and 100 µg/mL LPS were used to treat the cells in the follow-up study. The results showed CUR treatment reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6 and IL-1β) and the rate of apoptosis induced by LPS. These effects were associated with the activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway coupled with inactivation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inflammatory and caspase/Bcl2 apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (R.L.); (H.F.); (J.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (R.L.); (H.F.); (J.S.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.F.); (Y.T.)
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17
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Feng L, Liao H, Liu J, Xu C, Zhong K, Zhu H, Guo S, Guo Y, Han L, Li H, Wang Y. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by ammonium chloride induced apoptosis and autophagy in MAC-T cell. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:622-630. [PMID: 33930632 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is a harmful gas with a pungent odor, participates in the regulation of a variety of apoptosis and autophagy, which in turn affects the growth and differentiation of cells. To test the regulation of NH3 on the apoptosis and autophagy of mammary epithelial cells, we selected NH4Cl as NH3 donor in vitro model. MTT and CCK-8 assay kits were employed to detect cell activity. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot methods were used to detect the abundance of inflammatory molecules, apoptosis markers, and autophagy genes. We selected TUNEL kit and the Annexin-FITC/PI method to detect apoptosis. TEM analysis was used to detect autophagic vesicles, and MDC stain evaluated the formation of autophagosome. The results indicated that NH4Cl reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner and promoted cell inflammatory response, apoptosis, and autophagy. NH4Cl stimulation notable increased the autophagosomes number. Interestingly, we also detected that the addition of LY294002 and Rapamycin inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway and the mTOR pathway, respectively, resulting in changes in both apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, we draw a conclusion that NH3 may regulate the apoptosis and autophagic response of bovine mammary epithelial cells through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Further investigations on ammonia's function in other physiological respects, will be critical to provide theoretical help for the improvement of production performance. It will be also helpful for controlling the harmful gas ammonia concentration in the livestock house to protect the health of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; University of Dublin Trinity College School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jingsong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Heshui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liqiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Heping Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yueying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Zhu K, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Bai Y, Zhao T. Icariin Alleviates Bisphenol A Induced Disruption of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier by Maintaining Redox Homeostasis In Vivo and In Vitro. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20399-20408. [PMID: 32832793 PMCID: PMC7439398 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a globally prevalent environmental contaminant, has been shown to have the potential to disrupt intestinal barrier function. This study explored the mechanisms of BPA-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. In addition, the protective effect of the natural product icariin (ICA) on BPA-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction was evaluated. BPA relieved oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)), suppressed antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC)) activity, and increased gene expression and protein content of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), giving rise to the dysfunctional gut in mice. ICA therapy effectively eased intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by BPA in vivo and in vitro. Treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) significantly rescued the MODE-K cell barrier function disrupted by BPA challenge. However, treatment with p38 MAPK activator (anisomycin) did not attenuate the MODE-K cell barrier function impaired by BPA challenge. Overall, our data suggested that BPA disrupted intestinal barrier function in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ICA regulated the redox equilibrium of intestinal epithelial cells by inhibiting the expression of p38 MAPK, thereby alleviating BPA-induced disruption of intestinal barrier function. These findings contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of BPA-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and provided new insights into the prevention and treatment of BPA-induced intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhu
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Jilin
University, Xiantai Street
No. 126, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Department
of Oncology and Hematology, The Third Hospital
of Jilin University, Xiantai Street No. 126, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department
of Oncology and Hematology, The Third Hospital
of Jilin University, Xiantai Street No. 126, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuansong Bai
- Department
of Oncology and Hematology, The Third Hospital
of Jilin University, Xiantai Street No. 126, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- College
of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street No. 126, Changchun 130021, China
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Wu Y, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Chen J, Dong G. Effects of Peptidoglycan, Lipoteichoic Acid and Lipopolysaccharide on Inflammation, Proliferation and Milk Fat Synthesis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12080497. [PMID: 32748871 PMCID: PMC7472015 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland of the cow is particularly susceptible to infections of a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The endotoxins of these pathogenic bacteria include peptidoglycan (PGN), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and they are the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to induce mastitis. LPS can directly inhibit proliferation and milk fat synthesis of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) while inducing mastitis, but it is unclear whether PGN and LTA also have such effects. Furthermore, since the three PAMPs usually appear simultaneously in the udder of cows with mastitis, their synergistic effects on proliferation and milk fat synthesis of BMECs are worth investigating. The immortalized BMECs (MAC-T cells) were stimulated for 24 h using various concentrations of PGN, LTA and LPS, respectively, to determine the doses that could effectively cause inflammatory responses. Next, the cells were stimulated for 24 h with no endotoxins (CON), PGN, LTA, LPS, PGN + LTA, and PGN + LTA + LPS, respectively, with the predetermined doses to analyze their effects on proliferation and milk fat synthesis of BMECs. PGN, LTA and LPS successfully induced inflammatory responses of BMECs with doses of 30, 30 and 0.1 μg/mL, respectively. Although the proliferation of BMECs was significantly inhibited in the following order: LTA < PGN + LTA < PGN + LTA + LPS, there was no change in cell morphology and cell death. LTA significantly promoted the expression of fatty acid synthesis-related genes but did not change the content of intracellular triglyceride (TG), compared with the CON group. The mRNA expression of fatty acid synthesis-related genes in the LPS group was the lowest among all the groups. Meanwhile, LPS significantly decreased the content of intracellular non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and TG, compared with the CON group. PGN had no effects on milk fat synthesis. Co-stimulation with PGN, LTA and LPS significantly increased the expression of fat acid synthesis-related genes and the intracellular NEFAs, but decreased intracellular TG, compared with sole LPS stimulation. Collectively, PGN, LTA and LPS showed an additive effect on inhibiting proliferation of BMECs. The promoting role of LTA in fatty acid synthesis might offset the negative effects of LPS in this regard, but co-stimulation with PGN, LTA and LPS significantly decreased intracellular TG content.
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20
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Bae D, Chon JW, Kim DH, Kim H, Seo KH. Effect of folic acid supplementation on proliferation and apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:13-21. [PMID: 32362185 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1758123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) is known to be an important micronutrient in humans; however, information regarding the effect of FA supplementation on bovine mammary epithelial (BME) cells is insufficient. FA supplementation is reported to increase milk production in dairy cows, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. This study examined the effects of FA supplementation on the proliferation and apoptosis of a BME cell line (MAC-T). MAC-T cells were treated with various concentrations (deficient in FA (DF) < 0.01 ng/mL; low-level FA (LF) 3.1 ng/mL; normal FA (NF) 15.4 ng/mL; and high-level FA (HF) 30.8 ng/mL) based on serum folate (10-20 ng/mL) in milking cows. HF treatment significantly increased the proliferation of MAC-T cells. Cellular apoptosis was observed mainly in the DF group. The number of apoptotic cells in DF media was significantly higher than that in NF media. The bcl-2/bax mRNA expression ratio was significantly increased in the HF group compared to that in the DF group. FA supplementation significantly increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein levels in MAC-T cells. FA supplementation increases proliferation and decreases apoptosis in these cells. This study might provide information regarding the molecular mechanism through which FA supplementation is associated with increased milk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongryeoul Bae
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Chon
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Didiasova M, Banning A, Brennenstuhl H, Jung-Klawitter S, Cinquemani C, Opladen T, Tikkanen R. Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency: An Update. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020477. [PMID: 32093054 PMCID: PMC7072817 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADH-D) is a genetic disorder that results from the aberrant metabolism of the neurotransmitter γ-amino butyric acid (GABA). The disease is caused by impaired activity of the mitochondrial enzyme succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. SSADH-D manifests as varying degrees of mental retardation, autism, ataxia, and epileptic seizures, but the clinical picture is highly heterogeneous. So far, there is no approved curative therapy for this disease. In this review, we briefly summarize the molecular genetics of SSADH-D, the past and ongoing clinical trials, and the emerging features of the molecular pathogenesis, including redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction. The main aim of this review is to discuss the potential of further therapy approaches that have so far not been tested in SSADH-D, such as pharmacological chaperones, read-through drugs, and gene therapy. Special attention will also be paid to elucidating the role of patient advocacy organizations in facilitating research and in the communication between researchers and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Didiasova
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Antje Banning
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Heiko Brennenstuhl
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.B.); (S.J.-K.); (T.O.)
| | - Sabine Jung-Klawitter
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.B.); (S.J.-K.); (T.O.)
| | | | - Thomas Opladen
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.B.); (S.J.-K.); (T.O.)
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-9947-420
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22
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Xu C, Feng L, Li A, Jin X, Guo S, Jiao X, Liu J, Guo Y, Zhu H, Han L, Yang G, Zhong K, Li H. H 2S mediates apoptosis in response to inflammation through PI3K/Akt/NFκB signaling pathway. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 42:375-387. [PMID: 31872317 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is involved in regulating cell apoptosis and proliferation. However, The effects and mechanism of H2S on the apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells that suffer from an inflammatory response remain unknown. RESULTS An inflammatory cell model was used to explore whether exogenous H2S regulates lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced cell proliferation and apoptosis. We found that H2S affected cell viability, the inflammatory response and apoptosis in LPS-treated cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, exogenous H2S rescued LPS-induced cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) inhibition and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) synthesis. Interestingly, in cells undergoing inflammation-induced apoptosis, H2S activated the PI3K/Akt and NFκB signal pathways both tested concentrations. Akt appeared to be a key crosstalk molecule that played a "bridge" role. CONCLUSIONS H2S regulates LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt/NFκB signaling pathway. Hence, NaHS may be clinically useful for preventing or treating mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Luping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Li
- Zhengzhou Sias University, Xinzheng, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqin Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Heshui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heping Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Xia Y, Chen S, Zhao Y, Chen S, Huang R, Zhu G, Yin Y, Ren W, Deng J. GABA attenuates ETEC-induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis involving GABA AR signaling and the AMPK-autophagy pathway. Food Funct 2019; 10:7509-7522. [PMID: 31670355 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01863h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) triggers diarrhea in humans and livestock. We have previously showed that ETEC promotes intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and increases gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration in the jejunum, suggesting that GABA might mediate ETEC-induced apoptosis. Here, we found that GABA alleviates ETEC-induced intestinal barrier dysfunctions, including ETEC-induced apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, the alleviation of GABA on ETEC-induced apoptosis largely depends on autophagy. Mechanistically, GABA attenuates ETEC-induced apoptosis via activating GABAAR signaling and the AMPK-autophagy pathway. These findings highlight that maintaining intestinal GABA concentration could alleviate intestinal ETEC infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shuai Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. and Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Xiong W, Ma H, Zhang Z, Jin M, Wang J, Xu Y, Wang Z. The protective effect of icariin and phosphorylated icariin against LPS-induced intestinal goblet cell dysfunction. Innate Immun 2019; 26:97-106. [PMID: 31390916 PMCID: PMC7016409 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919867746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used LS174T cells as a model to investigate the protective effects of icariin and phosphorylated icariin on LPS-induced goblet cell dysfunction. Our results indicated that icariin and phosphorylated icariin increased the cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity in LPS-treated LS174T cells. Icariin and phosphorylated icariin attenuated LPS-induced changes in mucin 2 synthesis and secretion. Besides, Icariin and phosphorylated icariin reduced the levels of ROS, MDA, and H2O2 and increased the activity of SOD, GPx, CAT, and T-AOC in LPS-treated LS174T cells. Moreover, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were reduced in the Icariin and phosphorylated icariin group. Furthermore, Icariin and phosphorylated icariin decreased gene abundance or enzyme activity of Bip, XBP1, GRP78, CHOP, caspase-3, and caspase-4 in LPS-treated LS174T cells. Our data suggest that Icariin and phosphorylated icariin effectively attenuate LPS-induced intestinal goblet cell function damage through regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and mucin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoyue Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meilan Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuwei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zili Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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25
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Xiong W, Ma H, Zhang Z, Jin M, Wang J, Xu Y, Wang Z. The protective effect of icariin and phosphorylated icariin against LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cells injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109246. [PMID: 31387006 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) and phosphorylated icariin (pICA) have excellent antiviral and antioxidant effects. However, whether ICA and pICA cause anti-LPS-induced intestinal damage remains unclear. In this study, we used Caco-2 cells as a model to investigate the protective effects of ICA and pICA on human colonic epithelial cells and explore their potential mechanisms. Our results indicated that ICA and pICA increased cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity in Caco-2 cells. ICA and pICA also attenuated LPS-induced changes in intestinal epithelial cell permeability and reduced the levels of oxidative stress indicators, such as reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, in Caco-2 cells. Antioxidant indicators, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity, were increased, while the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were reduced in the ICA and pICA groups. Furthermore, ICA and pICA decreased the gene abundance and enzyme activities of caspase-3, -8, -9 and -10 in Caco-2 cells. Our data suggest that ICA and pICA effectively attenuated LPS-induced changes in the oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and intestinal permeability of intestinal epithelial cells. These findings provide new insight for treating LPS-induced intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Haoyue Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Meilan Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuwei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zili Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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26
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Cecchinato A, Macciotta NPP, Mele M, Tagliapietra F, Schiavon S, Bittante G, Pegolo S. Genetic and genomic analyses of latent variables related to the milk fatty acid profile, milk composition, and udder health in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5254-5265. [PMID: 30904297 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform genetic, genome-wide association (GWAS), and gene-set enrichment analyses with latent variables related to milk fatty acid profile (i.e., fatty acids factor scores; FAF), milk composition, and udder health in a cohort of 1,158 Italian Brown Swiss cows. The phenotypes under study were 12 FAF previously identified through factor analysis and classified as follows: de novo FA (F1), branched-chain FA-milk yield (F2), biohydrogenation (F3), long-chain fatty acids (F4), desaturation (F5), short-chain fatty acids (F6), milk protein and fat contents (F7), odd fatty acids (F8), conjugated linoleic acids (F9), linoleic acid (F10), udder health (F11) and vaccelenic acid (F12). (Co)variance components were estimated for factor scores using a Bayesian linear animal model via Gibbs sampling. The animals were genotyped with the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip v.2 (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). A single marker regression model was fitted for GWAS analysis. The gene-set enrichment analysis was run on the GWAS results using the Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway databases to identify the ontologies and pathways associated with the FAF. Marginal posterior means of the heritabilities of the aforementioned FAF ranged from 0.048 for F12 to 0.310 for F5. Factors F1 and F6 had the highest number of relevant genetic correlations with the other traits. The genomic analysis detected a total of 39 significant SNP located on 17 Bos taurus autosomes. All latent variables produced signals except for F2 and F10. The traits with the highest number of significant associations were F11 (17) and F12 (7). Gene-set enrichment analyses identified significant pathways (false discovery rate 5%) for F3 and F7. In particular, systemic lupus erythematosus was enriched for F3, whereas the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway was overrepresented for F7. The results support the existence of important and exploitable genetic and genomic variation in these latent explanatory phenotypes. Information acquired might be exploited in selection programs and when designing further studies on the role of the putative candidate genes identified in the regulation of milk composition and udder health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cecchinato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - N P P Macciotta
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione Scienze Zootecniche, Università di Sassari, Via de Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - M Mele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari, Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Tagliapietra
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - S Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - G Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - S Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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27
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LncRNA HOTAIR regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine expression and inflammatory response in macrophages. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15670. [PMID: 30353135 PMCID: PMC6199307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as major regulators of a variety of cell signaling processes. Many lncRNAs are expressed in immune cells and appear to play critical roles in the regulation of immune response. Here, we have investigated the potential role of a well-known lncRNA, HOTAIR, in inflammatory and immune response. Our studies demonstrate that HOTAIR expression is induced in immune cells (macrophages) upon treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Knockdown of HOTAIR reduces NF-κB-mediated inflammatory gene and cytokine expression in macrophages. Inhibition of NF-κB resulted in down-regulation of LPS-induced expression of HOTAIR as well as IL-6 and iNOS expression. We further demonstrated that HOTAIR regulates activation of NF-κB and its target genes (IL-6 and iNOS) expression via facilitating the degradation of IκBα. HOTAIR knockdown reduces the expression of NF-κB target gene expression via inhibiting the recruitment of NF-κB and associated cofactors at the target gene promoters. Taken together, our findings suggest that HOTAIR is a critical player in NF-κB activation in macrophages suggesting its potential functions in inflammatory and immune response.
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