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Giri SS, Jung WJ, Lee SB, Jo SJ, Hwang MH, Park JH, Venkatachalam S, Park SC. Effect of dietary heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VSG3 on growth, immunity, antioxidant status, and immune-related gene expression in pathogen-aggravated Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109547. [PMID: 38593522 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Heat-killed probiotics offer an alternative approach to enhance growth and disease resistance in farmed fish. In this study, we isolated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum VSG3 from the gut of Labeo rohita to investigate the effects of heat-killed L. plantarum (HK-LP) on the health and growth performance of Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. Different concentrations of HK-LP (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg) were administered to the fish, followed by a challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila after 8 weeks of feeding. Notably, the LP200 group exhibited significantly improved percentage weight gain and specific growth rate, accompanied by the lowest feed conversion ratio. Post-challenge survival rates were considerably enhanced in the LP200 group, reaching 60.65%. Moreover, serum analysis indicated significantly higher levels of total protein and albumin in the LP200 group than in the control group. Although HK-LP had no substantial impact on certain serum parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, cortisol, and alanine aminotransferase), aspartate aminotransferase levels were considerably low in the LP200 group. Intestinal protease and trypsin activities significantly increased in the LP200 group, while no significant changes were observed in lipase and amylase activities post-pathogen challenge. Serum immunological indices, including lysozyme, alternative complement pathway, and phagocytic activity, improved considerably in the LP200 group. Additionally, serum antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], catalase [CAT], and myeloperoxidase) were significantly elevated in the LP200 group, while malondialdehyde level was reduced. Gene expression analysis in liver tissue indicated strong upregulation of antioxidant-related genes (SOD, CAT, nuclear factor erythroid 2 [NFE2]-related factor 2 [Nrf2], Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1[Keap1]) in the LP100 and LP200 groups. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) were considerably downregulated in the kidneys of the LP200 post-challenged fish, although the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 showed an increased expression. Quadratic regression analysis identified the optimal dietary HK-LP level for maximizing growth and immune performance (200.381-270.003 mg/kg). In summary, our findings underscore the potential of HK-LP as a valuable dietary supplement for enhancing carp aquaculture, particularly at the appropriate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Won Joon Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Jo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Mae Hyun Hwang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sukumaran Venkatachalam
- Department of Zoology, Kundavai Nachiyar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur, 613007, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Song HC, Yang YX, Lan QG, Cong W. Immunological effects of recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing pilin MshB fused with cholera toxin B subunit adjuvant as an oral vaccine against Aeromonas veronii infection in crucian carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108934. [PMID: 37419434 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a zoonotic agent capable of infecting fish and mammals, including humans, posing a serious threat to the development of aquaculture and public health safety. Currently, few effective vaccines are available through convenient routes against A. veronii infection. Herein, we developed vaccine candidates by inserting MSH type VI pili B (MshB) from A. veronii as an antigen and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as a molecular adjuvant into Lactobacillus casei and evaluated their immunological effect as vaccines in a crucian carp (Carassius auratus) model. The results suggested that recombinant L. casei Lc-pPG-MshB and Lc-pPG-MshB-CTB can be stably inherited for more than 50 generations. Oral administration of recombinant L. casei vaccine candidates stimulated the production of high levels of serum-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and increased the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LZM), complement 3 (C3) and C4 in crucian carp (carassius auratus) compared to the control group (Lc-pPG612 group and PBS group) without significant changes. Moreover, the expression levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) genes in the gills, liver, spleen, kidney and gut of crucian carp orally immunized with recombinant L. casei were significantly upregulated compared to the control groups, indicating that recombinant L. casei induced a significant cellular immune response. In addition, viable recombinant L. casei can be detected and stably colonized in the intestine tract of crucian carp. Particularly, crucian carp immunized orally with Lc-pPG-MshB and Lc-pPG-MshB-CTB exhibited higher survival rates (48% for Lc-pPG-MshB and 60% for Lc-pPG-MshB-CTB) and significantly reduced loads of A. veronii in the major immune organs after A. veronii challenge. Our findings indicated that both recombinant L. casei strains provide favorable immune protection, with Lc-pPG-MshB-CTB in particular being more effective and promising as an ideal candidate for oral vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Chao Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong Province, 264209, PR China
| | - Yi-Xuan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Qi-Guan Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Wei Cong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong Province, 264209, PR China.
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Lee D, Kim KH, Park JW, Lee JH, Kim JH. High water temperature-mediated immune gene expression of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus according to pre-stimulation at high temperatures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104159. [PMID: 37245611 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Increased ocean temperature due to global warming affects the health and immunity of fish. In this study, juvenile Paralichthys olivaceus were exposed to high temperature after pre-heat (Acute: Acute heat shock at 32 °C, AH-S: Acquired heat shock at 28 °C & short recovery (2h) and heat shock at 32 °C, AH-L: acquired heat shock at 28 °C and long recovery (2 days), AH-LS: acquired heat shock at 28 °C & long (2 days) + short (2h) recovery). Heat shock after pre-heat significantly upregulated various immune-related genes, including interleukin 8 (IL-8), c-type lysozyme (c-lys), immunoglobulin M (IgM), Toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3), major histocompatibility complex IIα (mhcIIα) and cluster of differentiation 8α (cd8α) in the liver and brain of P. olivaceus. This study showed pre-exposure to high temperatures below the critical temperature can activate fish immunity and increase tolerance to high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dain Lee
- Fish Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Fish Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Park
- Fish Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geoje, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyeong Lee
- Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan-si, Republic of Korea.
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Jang WJ, Hasan MT, Choi W, Hwang S, Lee Y, Hur SW, Lee S, Lee BJ, Choi YH, Lee JM. Comparison of growth performance, non-specific immunity, and intestinal microbiota of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) fed with extruded pellet and moist pellet diets under field conditions in South Korea. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:979124. [PMID: 36118225 PMCID: PMC9479183 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.979124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-month feeding trial was conducted to compare the effects of extruded pellet (EP) and moist pellet (MP) feed on the growth performance, non-specific immunity, and intestinal microbiota of olive flounder. A total of 60,000 fish with an average weight of 70.8 ± 6.4 g were divided into two groups and fed with one of two experimental diets. At the end of a 6-month feeding trial, the weight gain and specific growth rate of the fish fed with the MP diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed with EP (P < 0.05). However, the EP group exhibited a lower feed conversion rate than the MP group, meaning that the EP diet was more cost-effective. Whole-body proximate compositions and non-specific immune responses (superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase, and lysozyme activity) were not significantly different between the two groups. There were no significant differences in the α-diversity of the intestinal bacterial community of the two groups. However, the composition of microorganisms at the phylum to genus level was different between the groups. The EP group was rich in Actinobacteria, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, and Lactobacillus, whereas the MP group was dominated by Proteobacteria, Vibrio, and Edwardsiella. Collectively, the MP diet increased growth performance and pathogen concentration in the gut; whereas EP improved feed conversion and beneficial Bacillus and Lactobacillus proportion in the intestinal microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Je Jang
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Md. Tawheed Hasan
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Wonsuk Choi
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Soyeon Hwang
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yein Lee
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Hur
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Seunghan Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Bong-Joo Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang, South Korea
- Department of Smart Fisheries Resources, College of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, Yesan, South Korea
| | - Youn Hee Choi
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
- Major in Aquaculture and Applied Life Sciences, Division of Fisheries Life Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Youn Hee Choi
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
- Jong Min Lee
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Evaluation of Bacillus sp. SW1-1 as a dietary additive in diets for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sumon MAA, Sumon TA, Hussain MA, Lee SJ, Jang WJ, Sharifuzzaman SM, Brown CL, Lee EW, Hasan MT. Single and Multi-Strain Probiotics Supplementation in Commercially Prominent Finfish Aquaculture: Review of the Current Knowledge. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:681-698. [PMID: 35722672 PMCID: PMC9628892 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2202.02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, common carp Cyprinus carpio, grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and rohu carp Labeo rohita are farmed commercially worldwide. Production of these important finfishes is rapidly expanding, and intensive culture practices can lead to stress in fish, often reducing resistance to infectious diseases. Antibiotics and other drugs are routinely used for the treatment of diseases and sometimes applied preventatively to combat microbial pathogens. This strategy is responsible for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, mass killing of environmental/beneficial bacteria, and residual effects in humans. As an alternative, the administration of probiotics has gained acceptance for disease control in aquaculture. Probiotics have been found to improve growth, feed utilization, immunological status, disease resistance, and to promote transcriptomic profiles and internal microbial balance of host organisms. The present review discusses the effects of single and multi-strain probiotics on growth, immunity, heamato-biochemical parameters, and disease resistance of the above-mentioned finfishes. The application and outcome of probiotics in the field or open pond system, gaps in existing knowledge, and issues worthy of further research are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Afsar Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Marine Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tofael Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraf Hussain
- Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh
| | - Su-Jeong Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Je Jang
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea,Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - S. M. Sharifuzzaman
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Christopher L. Brown
- FAO World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea,Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Tawheed Hasan
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea,Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh,Corresponding author Phone: +880-821-761952 Fax: + 880-821-761980 E-mail:
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Santos RA, Mariz-Ponte N, Martins N, Magalhães R, Jerusik R, Saavedra MJ, Peres H, Oliva-Teles A, Serra CR. In vitro modulation of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) leukocytes by Bacillus spp. extracellular molecules upon bacterial challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:285-294. [PMID: 35007747 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of the fish immune system using immunostimulants is an environmentally friendly strategy to minimize bacterial outbreaks in aquaculture. Different biological and synthetic immunostimulants can enhance non-specific innate immune responses by directly activating immune cells. An example are Bacillus spp., known for their immunostimulatory effects, although the exact mechanisms by which Bacillus spp. offer protection against diseases remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, most studies have focused on Bacillus spp. cells, while the immunostimulant effect of their extracellular metabolome, known to harbour biologically important metabolites, including antimicrobial molecules, has been scarcely evaluated. Here, we evaluated the in vitro immune-modulatory properties of extracellular extracts of three Bacillus spp. strains (B. subtilis FI314, B. vezelensis FI436 and B. pumilus FI464), previously isolated from fish-guts and characterized for their in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity against a wide range of fish pathogens. Bacillus spp. extracellular extracts did not affect immune cells viability, but remarkably increased pathogens' phagocytosis when seabream head-kidney leukocytes were challenged with Vibrio anguillarum and Edwardsiella tarda. All extracts significantly increased the engulfment of bacterial pathogens 1 h post-infection. Cells stimulated with the extracellular extracts showed an up-regulation of the expression of immune-relevant genes associated with inflammation, including IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2. In cells challenged with E. tarda, FI314 extracellular extract significantly increased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2, while FI436 and FI464 significantly increased IL-6 expression. The results of this study revealed that the extracellular molecules from Bacillus spp. fish isolates improved the in vitro response of gilthead seabream immune cells and are thus promising candidates to act as immunostimulants, helping fish fight diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela A Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; CITAB - Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; CECAV - Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Mariz-Ponte
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nicole Martins
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rui Magalhães
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Russell Jerusik
- Epicore Networks Inc., 4 Lina Lane, Eastampton, New Jersey, 08060, USA
| | - Maria J Saavedra
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; CITAB - Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; CECAV - Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, ECAV, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Helena Peres
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Cláudia R Serra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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8
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Choi W, Moniruzzaman M, Bae J, Hamidoghli A, Lee S, Choi YH, Min T, Bai SC. Evaluation of Dietary Probiotic Bacteria and Processed Yeast (GroPro-Aqua) as the Alternative of Antibiotics in Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020129. [PMID: 35203732 PMCID: PMC8868502 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the three probiotic bacteria and a processed yeast (GroPro-Aqua) as the replacers of antibiotics in juvenile olive flounder. A total of seven diets were used, that is, one basal or control (CON) diet; and six other diets, of which, three diets were prepared by supplementing probiotic bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis WB60 (BSWB60) at 1 × 108 CFU/g diet, Bacillus subtilis SJ10 (BSSJ10) at 1 × 108 CFU/g diet, and Enterococcus faecium SH30 (EFSH30) at 1 × 107 CFU/g diet; one diet with processed yeast (GRO) at 0.35% diet; and two other diets were supplemented with oxytetracycline (OTC) and amoxicillin (AMO) at 4 g/kg of each. Triplicate groups of fish (average 12.1 g) were fed one of the diets for eight weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the fish that were fed the probiotic bacteria-supplemented diets had a significantly higher final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate compared to the CON, OTC, and AMO diets. Fish that were fed the GRO diet had significantly higher feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios than those of the fish that were fed the CON diet. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glucose, and total protein were not affected by the diets. Lysozyme activity in fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, and EFSH30 diets were significantly higher compared to the CON and OTC diets, whereas myeloperoxidase activity of fish fed the BSWB60 and EFSH30 diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the CON and AMO diets. Flounder growth hormone gene expressions of fish that were fed BSWB60 and GRO diets were significantly higher compared to the CON, OTC, and AMO diets. The interleukin-1β gene expression of fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, EFSH30, OTC, and GRO diets was significantly higher than those of fish fed the CON diet. The interleukin-10 gene expression of fish that were fed the BSSJ10, EFSH30, and GRO diets was significantly higher than those of fish fed the CON and AMO diets. Posterior intestinal histology of fish showed significantly higher villi length in fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, EFSH30, and GRO diets compared to the CON diet. After 15 days of challenge test with pathogenic bacteria Edwardsiella tarda, the cumulative survival rate of fish that were fed the BSSJ10, BSWB60, EFSH30, and GRO diets were significantly higher than those of fish that were fed the CON diet. Overall, the results indicate that dietary supplementation of B. subtilis (108 CFU/g diet), E. faecium (107 CFU/g diet), and processed yeast (GroPro-Aqua at 0.35% diet) could replace the antibiotics in terms of improving growth, immunity, gut health, and disease resistance in juvenile olive flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonsuk Choi
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (W.C.); (J.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Jinho Bae
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (W.C.); (J.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Ali Hamidoghli
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (W.C.); (J.B.); (A.H.)
| | - Seunghan Lee
- Aquafeed Research Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pohang 37517, Korea;
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Marine Bio-Materials & Aquaculture, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Taesun Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) & Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (S.C.B.); Tel.: +82-64-754-8347 (T.M.); +82-51-629-6873/7044 (S.C.B.)
| | - Sungchul C. Bai
- Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Korea; (W.C.); (J.B.); (A.H.)
- FAO World Fisheries University Pilot Program, Busan 48547, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (S.C.B.); Tel.: +82-64-754-8347 (T.M.); +82-51-629-6873/7044 (S.C.B.)
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9
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Isolation of a new Streptomyces virginiae W18 against fish pathogens and its effect on disease resistance mechanism of Carassius auratus. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105273. [PMID: 34740811 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Streptomyces virginiae strain W18 was screened from soil, which exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against fish pathogens. Safety assays showed that strain W18 had no toxicity to fish. Additionally, strain W18 promoted the growth performance of Carassius auratus after feeding in feed mixed with bacteria for one month. Moreover, the activities of AKP, ACP, and SOD in the serum of C. auratus were significantly increased, while the activity of LZM did not greatly change. To detect the expression levels of the genes related to immune factors in the livers, kidneys, and spleens of C. auratus, qRT-PCR was performed. The expression levels of KEAP1, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-β, and C3 were upregulated in all three organs compared to the control, but LZM expression was downregulated in the kidney. The challenge experiment illustrated that the probability of infection with Aeromonas veronii was reduced by 60% and 40% when C. auratus was fed with two different doses of strain W18 in advance. The whole genome of strain W18 was sequenced, and the gene clusters of secondary metabolites in strain W18 were analyzed by AntiSMASH. The results showed that strain W18 contained a total of 26 gene clusters, and functional annotation analysis was conducted by using the non-coding databases COG and KEGG. All of the above results indicated that the use of strain W18 as a feed additive could enhance the resistance of C. auratus toward pathogenic bacteria and disease. In conclusion, an antagonistic strain (W18) against fish pathogenic bacteria was obtained in this study, which is of great significance for finding new treatment methods for bacterial diseases in the aquaculture industry.
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