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Kargari M, Sharafi M, Torshizi MAK, Hezavehei M, Zanganeh Z. Effects of hydroxytyrosol on post-thaw quality of rooster sperm. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14588. [PMID: 38822558 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Semen cryopreservation is one of the most important reproduction techniques in the livestock and poultry industry. Cryopreservation induces cold stress, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress causing structural and biochemical damages in sperm. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the hydroxytyrosol (HT), as an antioxidant, at the concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL on post-thaw semen quality metrics in rooster. Semen samples were collected twice a week from 10 roosters (29 weeks), processed and frozen according to experimental groups. Different quality parameters, including total motility, progressive motility, viability, morphology, membrane integrity, and malondialdehyde were measured after thawing. Results showed that 25 and 50 μg/mL of HT produced the highest percentage of total motility (51.01 ± 2.19 and 50.15 ± 2.19, respectively) and progressive motility (35.74 ± 1.34 and 35.15 ± 1.34, respectively), membrane integrity (48.00 ± 2.18 and 46.75 ± 2.18, respectively) as well as viability (53.00 ± 2.17 and 52.50 ± 2.17, respectively) compared with the other groups (p < .05). The group with 25 μg/mL of HT showed the lowest significant (p < .05) MDA concentration (1.81 ± 0.25). Our results showed that the effect of HT was not dose-dependent and optimum concentration of HT could improve functional parameters of rooster sperm after freezing-thawing. These findings suggest that HT may have protective effects on the rooster sperm during the freezing-thawing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kargari
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Hezavehei
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Zanganeh
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Díaz Ruiz E, González Ariza A, León Jurado JM, Arando Arbulu A, Fernández-Bolaños Guzmán J, Bermúdez Oria A, Delgado Bermejo JV, Navas González FJ. Evaluation of the effect of the addition of an olive oil-derived antioxidant (Pectoliv-80A) in the extender for cryopreservation of rooster sperm through the use of a discriminant statistical tool. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103630. [PMID: 38513548 PMCID: PMC10973192 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
During the poultry sperm cryopreservation process, an excess of reactive oxygen species is generated resulting in oxidative stress which harms the quality of avian spermatozoa. To counteract this effect, the addition of exogenous antioxidants, such as Pectoliv-80A (a by-product of olive oil), to the cryopreservation diluent is interesting. For this purpose, 16 roosters belonging to the Utrerana avian breed were used. Six semen pools (from the 6 different replicates) were divided into 4 aliquots corresponding to different concentrations of Pectoliv-80A that were tested (0, 300, 400, and 500 μg/mL), and the cryopreservation process was carried out. To evaluate post-thawing semen quality, different parameters such as motility, membrane functionality, reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation, and acrosome integrity were studied. A discriminant canonical analysis was used to determine both the differences between the Pectoliv-80A concentration groups and the discriminant power of the aforementioned parameter used for semen evaluation. Total motility and membrane functionality were reported to be the most discriminant variables for differentiating the different antioxidant enrichment groups and concluded that concentrations of 300 μg/mL showed the most desirable quality of post-thawing semen. The present study could lead to the optimization of both cryopreservation and quality evaluation techniques of the sperm of rooster species, that support the conservation program of endangered local breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Díaz Ruiz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | | | | | - Ander Arando Arbulu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, 14071, Spain
| | | | - Alejandra Bermúdez Oria
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CSIC), Sevilla, 41013, Spain
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Suwimonteerabutr J, Ketkaew P, Netiprasert G, Khaopong C, Osiriphan B, Sriamornrat P, Nuntapaitoon M. Supplementing semen extenders with a combination of phosphorus and vitamin B12 Improves post-thawed cryopreserved rooster semen quality. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1301186. [PMID: 38173553 PMCID: PMC10761419 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1301186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Semen cryopreservation is an important technique for preserving the genetic material of numerous species. However, frozen semen is highly susceptible to sperm DNA damage and reduced motility, resulting in decreased fertility. The standard method for cryopreservation and several approaches have not been elucidated. This study aimed to determine the effects of supplementing rooster semen extender with a combination of phosphorus and vitamin B12 on cryopreserved semen quality. Semen was collected weekly via dorso-abdominal massage from 57 Burmese × Vietnam-crossbred Thai native roosters aged 1-3 years. In total, 139 semen samples were collected, pooled, and diluted to 200 million sperm per dose. The pooled sample was divided into six experimental groups: a control group (0.00%) diluted with modified Beltville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) and five treatment groups diluted with modified BPSE supplemented with phosphorus and vitamin B12 at concentrations 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10%, respectively. The semen samples were frozen and evaluated at 0, 15, and 30 min after thawing. Sperm kinematic parameters were determined using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. Sperm quality was evaluated by measuring sperm viability, mitochondrial activity, acrosome integrity, and plasma membrane integrity. Statistical analyses were performed using a general linear mixed model (MIXED) in SAS. Factors in the statistical model were experimental groups, time after thawing, and interaction between experimental groups and time after thawing. Total and progressive motilities were greater in semen supplemented with 0.04% phosphorus and vitamin B12 compared with those in the control (p < 0.05). At 15 min post-thawing, VCL, VAP, and HPA in the 0.04% phosphorus and vitamin B12 supplementation group was greater than that in the control (p < 0.05). Phosphorus and vitamin B12 supplementation did not affect sperm kinematics at 0 and 30 min after thawing (p > 0.05). All the sperm parameters that were tested for the 0.04% phosphorus and vitamin B12 supplementation group in modified BPSE were the highest at all the timepoints after thawing. Thus, supplementing frozen semen extender with 0.04% phosphorus and vitamin B12 increased sperm motility, sperm kinematic parameters, and sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpen Suwimonteerabutr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Punnapon Ketkaew
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Morakot Nuntapaitoon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Multi-Omics for Functional Products in Food, Cosmetics and Animals, Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
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4
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Janosikova M, Petricakova K, Ptacek M, Savvulidi FG, Rychtarova J, Fulka J. New approaches for long-term conservation of rooster spermatozoa. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102386. [PMID: 36599200 PMCID: PMC9817176 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the livestock industry, sperm cryopreservation has not yet been successfully established in the poultry industry. This is because poultry sperm cells have a unique shape and membrane fluidity, differing from those of livestock sperm. The objective of this review is to discuss the cellular and molecular characteristics of rooster spermatozoa as a cause for their generally low freezability. Furthermore, here, we discuss novel developments in the field of semen extenders, cryoprotectants, and freezing processes, all with the purpose of increasing the potential of rooster sperm cryopreservation. Currently, it is very important to improve cryopreservation of rooster sperm on a global scale for the protection of gene resources due to the incidence of epidemics such as avian influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Janosikova
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic,Corresponding author:
| | - Kristyna Petricakova
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Ptacek
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Filipp Georgijevic Savvulidi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Rychtarova
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, 104 00 Praha, Uhříněves, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Fulka
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, 104 00 Praha, Uhříněves, Czech Republic
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Extend the Survival of Human Sperm In Vitro in Non-Freezing Conditions: Damage Mechanisms, Preservation Technologies, and Clinical Applications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182845. [PMID: 36139420 PMCID: PMC9496714 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preservation of human spermatozoa in vitro at normothermia or hypothermia maintaining their functions and fertility for several days plays a significant role in reproductive biology and medicine. However, it is well known that human spermatozoa left in vitro deteriorate over time irreversibly as the consequence of various stresses such as the change of osmolarity, energy deficiency, and oxidative damage, leading to substantial limitations including the need for semen examinations, fertility preservation, and assisted reproductive technology. These problems may be addressed with the aid of non-freezing storage techniques. The main and most effective preservation strategies are the partial or total replacement of seminal plasma with culture medium, named as extenders, and temperature-induced metabolic restriction. Semen extenders consist of buffers, osmolytes, and antioxidants, etc. to protect spermatozoa against the above-mentioned adverse factors. Extended preservation of human spermatozoa in vitro has a negative effect on sperm parameters, whereas its effect on ART outcomes remains inconsistent. The storage duration, temperature, and pre-treatment of semen should be determined according to the aims of preservation. Advanced techniques such as nanotechnology and omics have been introduced and show great potential in the lifespan extension of human sperm. It is certain that more patients will benefit from it in the near future. This review provided an overview of the current knowledge and prospects of prolonged non-freezing storage of human sperm in vitro.
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Shabani S, Mehri M, Shirmohammad F, Sharafi M. Enhancement of sperm quality and fertility-related parameters in Hubbard grandparent rooster fed diets supplemented with soybean lecithin and vitamin E. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101635. [PMID: 35007931 PMCID: PMC8749332 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of different levels of soybean lecithin and vitamin E on semen quality parameters and some reproductive hormones in Hubbard grandparent roosters. The experiment was conducted in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with 3 levels of soybean lecithin (0, 1, and 2%) and 2 levels of vitamin E (0 and 300 mg/kg). Semen samples were collected on d 0, 20, 40 and 60 of the experiment and analyzed. Adding 1% soybean lecithin and vitamin E into the diet increased semen volume and sperm concentration, membrane integrity and viability (P < 0.05). Supplementing diets with 1 or 2% lecithin in addition to vitamin E significantly improved total motility and progressive motility (P < 0.05). Vitamin E significantly increased the amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) of sperm (P < 0.05). Although there was no effect on LH and FSH when diets were supplemented with vitamin E and 1 or 2% lecithin, testosterone concentration was increased (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was significantly lower in all 3 treatments containing vitamin E (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that supplementation of rooster diets with vitamin E and 1% lecithin can improve fertility related parameters in Hubbard grandparent roosters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Shabani
- Department of Animal Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mehri
- Department of Animal Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Shirmohammad
- Department of Animal Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Animal board invited review: Germplasm technologies for use with poultry. Animal 2022; 16:100475. [PMID: 35220173 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last century, several reproductive biotechnologies beyond the artificial incubation of eggs were developed to improve poultry breeding stocks and conserve their genetic diversity. These include artificial insemination (AI), semen storage, diploid primordial germ cell (PGC) methodologies, and gonad tissue storage and transplantation. Currently, AI is widely used for selection purposes in the poultry industry, in the breeding of turkeys and guinea fowl, and to solve fertility problems in duck interspecies crosses for the production of mule ducklings. The decline in some wild game species has also raised interest in reproductive technologies as a means of increasing the production of fertile eggs, and ultimately the number of birds that can be raised. AI requires viable sperm to be preserved in vitro for either short (fresh) or longer periods (chilling or freezing). Since spermatozoa are the most easily accessed sex cells, they are the cell type most commonly preserved by genetic resource banks. However, the cryopreservation of sperm only preserves half of the genome, and it cannot preserve the W chromosome. For avian species, the problem of preserving oocytes and zygotes may be solved via the cryopreservation and transplantation of PGCs and gonad tissue. The present review describes all these procedures and discusses how combining these different technologies allows poultry populations to be conserved and even rapidly reconstituted.
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Hayanti SY, Hidayat C, Jayanegara A, Sholikin MM, Rusdiana S, Widyaningrum Y, Masito M, Yusriani Y, Qomariyah N, Anggraeny YN. Effect of vitamin E supplementation on chicken sperm quality: A meta-analysis. Vet World 2022; 15:419-426. [PMID: 35400966 PMCID: PMC8980400 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.419-426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Among several factors, the sperm quality of poultry is affected by the rooster’s body size and the availability of antioxidants like vitamin E. This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E supplementation on rooster sperm quality through a meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: After verification and evaluation, a total of 19 articles were included in this study. Data, including dietary vitamin E, semen volume, concentration, total sperm cells, pH, motility, viability, percentage of dead and abnormal sperm, vitamin E sperm content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and testosterone levels, were tabulated in a database; these were subsequently analyzed using mixed modeling with vitamin E dose as a fixed effect and study identity as a random effect. Results: Dietary supplementation level of vitamin E significantly (p<0.001) affected sperm concentration, significantly affected motility (p<0.001), significantly affected sperm vitamin E (p<0.001), significantly affected viability (p<0.001), and significantly affected chicken sperm fertility (p=0.001). Vitamin E administration also significantly reduced the number of sperm cell deaths (p<0.001); however, increased dietary levels of vitamin E did not affect semen volume (p=0.853), pH (p=0.951), MDA (p=0.542), the percentage of abnormal sperm cells (p=0.343), nor testosterone levels (p=0.063). Conclusion: Dietary vitamin E supplementation is recommended for male chickens since it generally enhances the quality of their sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Yanti Hayanti
- Jambi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Jambi City 36128, Indonesia
| | - Cecep Hidayat
- Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production, Ciawi, Bogor 16720, Indonesia; Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - Supardi Rusdiana
- Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production, Ciawi, Bogor 16720, Indonesia
| | | | - Masito Masito
- South Sumatra Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Palembang 30151, Indonesia
| | - Yenni Yusriani
- Aceh Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Banda Aceh 23125, Indonesia
| | - Novia Qomariyah
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; South Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, Makassar 90243, Indonesia
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Castillo A, Lenzi C, Pirone A, Baglini A, Russo C, Soglia D, Schiavone A, Marzoni Fecia di Cossato M. From the Semen Collection Method to the Hatchlings: The Use of Cryopreserved Sperm from Pheasants Fed an Antioxidant-Enriched Diet. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2624. [PMID: 34573589 PMCID: PMC8466178 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A widely used approach to preserving genetic diversity in birds involves the cryopreservation of semen. In this process, cells are subjected to physical and chemical stresses, but not all cell species respond equally. Many studies have been published on the freezing-thawing of sperm cells from a wide variety of domestic and wild species, on issues ranging from the sperm quality to different protocols, fertilisation success rates, etc. Nevertheless, very little information is available on the common pheasant. To fill this gap, the aim of this study was to describe the pheasant semen collection method, evaluate some qualitative parameters of sperm from males fed an antioxidant-enriched diet, and to test the in vivo fertilising capacity of the cryo-preserved semen. The freezing protocol employed involved pellets thawed by the hotplate method. Dimethylacetamide was used as a cryoprotectant at a final concentration of 6%. A total of six AIs were performed at 3-4-day intervals on a total of 40 females with doses of 35 × 106 of normal live thawed sperm. Males receiving the enriched diet produce more abundant and concentrated ejaculates. Freeze-thawed sperm lost 85% of their initial mobility, and diet influenced neither sperm mobility nor viability. The enriched diet did improve the number of normal freeze-thawed cells and was associated with a lower sperm fracture incidence. Regardless of the dietary group, frozen-thawed sperm resulted in a fertility rate of 30%, with 8-9 chicks hatching for every 100 eggs incubated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelisse Castillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Carla Lenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy; (C.L.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
| | - Andrea Pirone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy; (C.L.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
| | - Alessandro Baglini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy; (C.L.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
| | - Claudia Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy; (C.L.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Margherita Marzoni Fecia di Cossato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy; (C.L.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
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Aydos K, Aydos OS. Sperm Selection Procedures for Optimizing the Outcome of ICSI in Patients with NOA. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122687. [PMID: 34207121 PMCID: PMC8234729 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrieving spermatozoa from the testicles has been a great hope for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), but relevant methods have not yet been developed to the level necessary to provide resolutions for all cases of NOA. Although performing testicular sperm extraction under microscopic magnification has increased sperm retrieval rates, in vitro selection and processing of quality sperm plays an essential role in the success of in vitro fertilization. Moreover, sperm cryopreservation is widely used in assisted reproductive technologies, whether for therapeutic purposes or for future fertility preservation. In recent years, there have been new developments using advanced technologies to freeze and preserve even very small numbers of sperm for which conventional techniques are inadequate. The present review provides an up-to-date summary of current strategies for maximizing sperm recovery from surgically obtained testicular samples and, as an extension, optimization of in vitro sperm processing techniques in the management of NOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Aydos
- Department of Urology, Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Ankara, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-533-748-8995
| | - Oya Sena Aydos
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Ankara, 06230 Ankara, Turkey;
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