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Perini F, Wu Z, Cartoni Mancinelli A, Soglia D, Schiavone A, Mattioli S, Mugnai C, Castellini C, Smith J, Lasagna E. RNAseq reveals modulation of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis in chicken liver according to genetic background, sex, and diet. Anim Genet 2023; 54:338-354. [PMID: 36752047 DOI: 10.1111/age.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Increases in chicken production are mainly due to specialised breeds. However, local breeds are of increasing importance, known for ability to adapt to the environment and unique products. Conventional poultry products contain lower levels of n-3 fatty acids (FAs) compared to those obtained from local breeds, therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the modulation of expression of genes involved in long-chain polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) biosynthesis pathways according to genetic background, diet conditions, and sex. Animals from two local breeds and a commercial line were fed different diets: control and experimental diet (10% linseed supplementation). For each breed and diet group, both sexes were reared. The RNA was extracted from 36 liver samples and sequenced by RNAseq method. Bioinformatic analysis was carried out to find differentially expressed genes from comparisons between experimental groups. Results showed low impact of diet on differentially expressed genes related to FA biosynthesis, but linseed diet increased percentage of n-3 FAs of liver. Sex and genetic background determined the differential expression of genes related to long-chain PUFA biosynthesis. Specifically, females of local breeds shared 23 up-regulated genes when compared to their respective commercial line groups. Some of the shared genes had a role in de novo triglyceride biosynthesis (MTTPL and GPAM), and in de novo FA biosynthesis (ACACA and SCD) was detected. In conclusion, local breeds are able to better adapt to a diet rich in PUFA, by triggering certain transcriptomic shifts in the liver that allow birds to process the high PUFA content provided by diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Perini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mugnai
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jacqueline Smith
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Emiliano Lasagna
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Raspa F, Tarantola M, Muca E, Bergero D, Soglia D, Cavallini D, Vervuert I, Bordin C, De Palo P, Valle E. Does Feeding Management Make a Difference to Behavioural Activities and Welfare of Horses Reared for Meat Production? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141740. [PMID: 35883287 PMCID: PMC9311627 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Horses reared for meat production are generally fed a diet rich in starch with the aim of maximizing production performances. This study evaluated the effects of two feeding management systems on horse welfare by analysing the relative time spent engaged in different behavioural activities. Nineteen Bardigiano horses aged 14.3 ± 0.7 months were randomly assigned to one of two group pens: one group was fed high amounts of starch-rich concentrates (HCG; n = 10), the other was fed a fibre-based diet (HFG; n = 9). Behavioural activities performed by each horse were video-recorded over a 96-h period. A scan sampling process (n = 144 scans/horse/day; total n of scans sampled = 10,368) was used, and the scans were analysed according to a specific ethogram. The mean frequency (%/24 h) spent exhibiting each behavioural activity was calculated to obtain the time budget. After checking for normality (Shapiro–Wilk test), Student’s t tests (normally distributed data) and Mann–Whitney tests (not normally distributed data) were used to compare the time budgets of the two groups of horses (HCG vs. HFG). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to identify the components explaining the variability in behavioural activities between the two groups. K-means cluster analysis subsequently confirmed the PCA results. The behavioural activities associated with feeding horses a fibre-based diet correlated with better horse welfare compared with feeding horses a starch-based diet. Feeding horses a fibre-based diet resulted advantageous from both the welfare and economic perspective; it allowed horses to spend more time expressing feeding behaviours and reduced energy expenditure in the form of excitable, or “fizzy”, behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Raspa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (M.T.); (E.M.); (D.B.); (D.S.); (C.B.); (E.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martina Tarantola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (M.T.); (E.M.); (D.B.); (D.S.); (C.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Edlira Muca
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (M.T.); (E.M.); (D.B.); (D.S.); (C.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Domenico Bergero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (M.T.); (E.M.); (D.B.); (D.S.); (C.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (M.T.); (E.M.); (D.B.); (D.S.); (C.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Damiano Cavallini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy;
| | - Ingrid Vervuert
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Clara Bordin
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (M.T.); (E.M.); (D.B.); (D.S.); (C.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Valle
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (M.T.); (E.M.); (D.B.); (D.S.); (C.B.); (E.V.)
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3
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Bongiorno V, Schiavone A, Renna M, Sartore S, Soglia D, Sacchi P, Gariglio M, Castillo A, Mugnai C, Forte C, Bianchi C, Mioletti S, Gasco L, Biasato I, Brugiapaglia A, Sirri F, Zampiga M, Gai F, Marzoni M, Cerolini S, Dabbou S. Carcass Yields and Meat Composition of Male and Female Italian Slow-Growing Chicken Breeds: Bianca di Saluzzo and Bionda Piemontese. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030406. [PMID: 35158729 PMCID: PMC8833521 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bionda Piemontese and Bianca di Saluzzo are two slow growing breeds from northwest Italy, specifically from the Piedmont region. Their low input requirements make them suitable in organic and free-range rearing contexts for both meat and egg production. This research, part of a conservation program for these two breeds, aims to define the meat properties and qualitative attributes of these two breeds, comparing them at different slaughter ages in order to identify the most profitable slaughter period. The results show significant benefits associated with slaughtering at 7 months of age, which outperformed the shorter rearing periods in terms of both better slaughter performances and meat properties. Abstract The slaughter performance and meat quality of two native Italian chicken breeds, Bionda Piemontese (BP, n = 64) and Bianca di Saluzzo (BS, n = 64), were investigated. Two-way ANOVA, considering breed, sex, and their interaction, was used to compare the properties of birds slaughtered at 5, 6, 7, and 8 months of age. Subsequently, data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Duncan test to evaluate the differences between slaughter ages. The BP breed produced a better carcass yield than BS at 5, 7, and 8 months of age (p < 0.05). Breast moisture and crude protein contents were influenced by gender, and were higher in males than in females (p < 0.05). By contrast, the crude fat content was higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). The saturated fatty acid content of breast meat increased as the birds aged in both breeds (p < 0.05). The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of both breast and thigh meat was higher in males than in females (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). In general, slaughtering at 7 months was associated with the best slaughter and meat quality characteristics in both breeds. Moreover, from a nutritional point of view, the characteristics of the meat from male birds were preferable to those of meat from females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bongiorno
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Manuela Renna
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Sacchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Annelisse Castillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Cecilia Mugnai
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Claudio Forte
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Chiara Bianchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Mioletti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (V.B.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (S.S.); (D.S.); (P.S.); (A.C.); (C.M.); (C.F.); (C.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (L.G.); (I.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (L.G.); (I.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Brugiapaglia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (L.G.); (I.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, BO, Italy; (F.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marco Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, BO, Italy; (F.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy;
| | - Margherita Marzoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy;
| | - Silvia Cerolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, 26900 Lodi, LO, Italy;
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy;
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Iaffaldano N, Di Iorio M, Rusco G, Antenucci E, Zaniboni L, Madeddu M, Marelli S, Schiavone A, Soglia D, Buccioni A, Cassandro M, Castellini C, Marzoni M, Cerolini S. Italian semen cryobank of autochthonous chicken and turkey breeds: a tool for preserving genetic biodiversity. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1993094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaia Iaffaldano
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italia
| | - Michele Di Iorio
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italia
| | - Giusy Rusco
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italia
| | - Emanuele Antenucci
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italia
| | - Luisa Zaniboni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell’Università 6, Lodi, Italia
| | - Manuela Madeddu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell’Università 6, Lodi, Italia
| | - Stefano Marelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell’Università 6, Lodi, Italia
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italia
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italia
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, Italia
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italia
| | | | - Silvia Cerolini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, via dell’Università 6, Lodi, Italia
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Soglia D, Sartore S, Lasagna E, Castellini C, Cendron F, Perini F, Cassandro M, Marzoni M, Iaffaldano N, Buccioni A, Dabbou S, Castillo A, Maione S, Bianchi C, Profiti M, Sacchi P, Cerolini S, Schiavone A. Genetic Diversity of 17 Autochthonous Italian Chicken Breeds and Their Extinction Risk Status. Front Genet 2021; 12:715656. [PMID: 34594362 PMCID: PMC8477013 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.715656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservation of genetic variability of autochthonous poultry breeds is crucial in global biodiversity. A recent report revealed small breed size and potential risk of extinction of all native Italian poultry breeds; therefore, a correct assessment of their genetic diversity is necessary for a suitable management of their preservation. In this work, we provided an overview of the contribution to poultry biodiversity of some Italian autochthonous breeds reared in conservation centers devoted to local biodiversity preservation. The level of genetic diversity, molecular kinship, inbreeding, contribution to overall genetic diversity, and rate of extinction of each breed were analyzed with a set of 14 microsatellite loci in 17 autochthonous chicken breeds. To evaluate genetic variability, total number (Na), and effective number (Ne) of alleles, observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, and F (Wright’s inbreeding coefficient) index were surveyed. The contribution of each analyzed breed to genetic diversity of the whole dataset was assessed using MolKin3.0; global genetic diversity and allelic richness contributions were evaluated. All the investigated loci were polymorphic; 209 alleles were identified (94 of which private alleles). The average number of alleles per locus was 3.62, and the effective number of alleles was 2.27. The Ne resulted lower in all breeds due to the presence of low-frequency alleles that can be easily lost by genetic drift, thus reducing the genetic variability of the breeds, and increasing their risk of extinction. The global molecular kinship was 27%, the average breed molecular kinship was 53%, and the mean inbreeding rate 43%, with a self-coancestry of 78%. Wright’s statistical analysis showed a 41% excess of homozygous due to breed genetic differences (34%) and to inbreeding within the breed (9%). Genetic variability analysis showed that 11 breeds were in endangered status. The contribution to Italian poultry genetic diversity, estimated as global genetic diversity, and ranged from 30.2 to 98.5%. In conclusion, the investigated breeds maintain a unique genetic pattern and play an important role in global Italian poultry biodiversity, providing a remarkable contribution to genetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Emiliano Lasagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Filippo Cendron
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Perini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Viale dell'Università, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Nicolaia Iaffaldano
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Annelisse Castillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sandra Maione
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Profiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Cerolini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
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Cortellari M, Barbato M, Talenti A, Bionda A, Carta A, Ciampolini R, Ciani E, Crisà A, Frattini S, Lasagna E, Marletta D, Mastrangelo S, Negro A, Randi E, Sarti FM, Sartore S, Soglia D, Liotta L, Stella A, Ajmone-Marsan P, Pilla F, Colli L, Crepaldi P. Author Correction: The climatic and genetic heritage of Italian goat breeds with genomic SNP data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19042. [PMID: 34545173 PMCID: PMC8452700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cortellari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Barbato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti and BioDNA Centro di ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Talenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Arianna Bionda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonello Carta
- Unità di Ricerca di Genetica e Biotecnologie, Agris Sardegna, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Ciampolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Ciani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Crisà
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA) - Research Centre for Animal Production and Acquaculture, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Frattini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Emiliano Lasagna
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Donata Marletta
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mastrangelo
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessio Negro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Randi
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Francesca M Sarti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stella
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology in Agriculture, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti and BioDNA Centro di ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Fabio Pilla
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti Universitá degli Studi del Molise, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Licia Colli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti and BioDNA Centro di ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paola Crepaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Castillo A, Lenzi C, Pirone A, Baglini A, Russo C, Soglia D, Schiavone A, Marzoni Fecia di Cossato M. From the Semen Collection Method to the Hatchlings: The Use of Cryopreserved Sperm from Pheasants Fed an Antioxidant-Enriched Diet. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2624. [PMID: 34573589 PMCID: PMC8466178 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A widely used approach to preserving genetic diversity in birds involves the cryopreservation of semen. In this process, cells are subjected to physical and chemical stresses, but not all cell species respond equally. Many studies have been published on the freezing-thawing of sperm cells from a wide variety of domestic and wild species, on issues ranging from the sperm quality to different protocols, fertilisation success rates, etc. Nevertheless, very little information is available on the common pheasant. To fill this gap, the aim of this study was to describe the pheasant semen collection method, evaluate some qualitative parameters of sperm from males fed an antioxidant-enriched diet, and to test the in vivo fertilising capacity of the cryo-preserved semen. The freezing protocol employed involved pellets thawed by the hotplate method. Dimethylacetamide was used as a cryoprotectant at a final concentration of 6%. A total of six AIs were performed at 3-4-day intervals on a total of 40 females with doses of 35 × 106 of normal live thawed sperm. Males receiving the enriched diet produce more abundant and concentrated ejaculates. Freeze-thawed sperm lost 85% of their initial mobility, and diet influenced neither sperm mobility nor viability. The enriched diet did improve the number of normal freeze-thawed cells and was associated with a lower sperm fracture incidence. Regardless of the dietary group, frozen-thawed sperm resulted in a fertility rate of 30%, with 8-9 chicks hatching for every 100 eggs incubated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelisse Castillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Carla Lenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy; (C.L.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
| | - Andrea Pirone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy; (C.L.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
| | - Alessandro Baglini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy; (C.L.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
| | - Claudia Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy; (C.L.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università Degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy; (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Margherita Marzoni Fecia di Cossato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy; (C.L.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (C.R.); (M.M.F.d.C.)
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8
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Cortellari M, Barbato M, Talenti A, Bionda A, Carta A, Ciampolini R, Ciani E, Crisà A, Frattini S, Lasagna E, Marletta D, Mastrangelo S, Negro A, Randi E, Sarti FM, Sartore S, Soglia D, Liotta L, Stella A, Ajmone-Marsan P, Pilla F, Colli L, Crepaldi P. The climatic and genetic heritage of Italian goat breeds with genomic SNP data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10986. [PMID: 34040003 PMCID: PMC8154919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Local adaptation of animals to the environment can abruptly become a burden when faced with rapid climatic changes such as those foreseen for the Italian peninsula over the next 70 years. Our study investigates the genetic structure of the Italian goat populations and links it with the environment and how genetics might evolve over the next 50 years. We used one of the largest national datasets including > 1000 goats from 33 populations across the Italian peninsula collected by the Italian Goat Consortium and genotyped with over 50 k markers. Our results showed that Italian goats can be discriminated in three groups reflective of the Italian geography and its geo-political situation preceding the country unification around two centuries ago. We leveraged the remarkable genetic and geographical diversity of the Italian goat populations and performed landscape genomics analysis to disentangle the relationship between genotype and environment, finding 64 SNPs intercepting genomic regions linked to growth, circadian rhythm, fertility, and inflammatory response. Lastly, we calculated the hypothetical future genotypic frequencies of the most relevant SNPs identified through landscape genomics to evaluate their long-term effect on the genetic structure of the Italian goat populations. Our results provide an insight into the past and the future of the Italian local goat populations, helping the institutions in defining new conservation strategy plans that could preserve their diversity and their link to local realities challenged by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cortellari
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Barbato
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti and BioDNA Centro di ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Talenti
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy ,grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Arianna Bionda
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonello Carta
- Unità di Ricerca di Genetica e Biotecnologie, Agris Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Ciampolini
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Ciani
- grid.7644.10000 0001 0120 3326Dipartimento di Bioscienze Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Crisà
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA) - Research Centre for Animal Production and Acquaculture, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Frattini
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Emiliano Lasagna
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Donata Marletta
- grid.8158.40000 0004 1757 1969Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mastrangelo
- grid.10776.370000 0004 1762 5517Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessio Negro
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Randi
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XDepartment of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Francesca M. Sarti
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartore
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Dominga Soglia
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- grid.10438.3e0000 0001 2178 8421Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stella
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Biology and Biotechnology in Agriculture, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti and BioDNA Centro di ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Fabio Pilla
- grid.10373.360000000122055422Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti Universitá degli Studi del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Licia Colli
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti and BioDNA Centro di ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paola Crepaldi
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali – Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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9
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Franzoni A, Gariglio M, Castillo A, Soglia D, Sartore S, Buccioni A, Mannelli F, Cassandro M, Cendron F, Castellini C, Mancinelli AC, Cerolini S, Sayed AA, Iaffaldano N, Di Iorio M, Marzoni M, Salvucci S, Schiavone A. Overview of Native Chicken Breeds in Italy: Small Scale Production and Marketing. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030629. [PMID: 33673450 PMCID: PMC7996916 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The loss of biodiversity is a matter of great concern worldwide. In the agricultural sector, the industrialization of livestock farming and the wide-spread use of highly selected hybrids, especially in developed countries, has led to the progressive extinction of many native breeds in these contexts. Nowadays, safeguarding poultry biodiversity is a key objective in all developed countries, Italy included. As a part of a large cross-sectional national project called ‘Conservation of biodiversity in Italian poultry breeds’, a questionnaire was designed to evaluate the diffusion of native chicken breeds and their relative product markets. The data reveal the poor diffusion of native breeds despite the existence of a niche market for their products. Indeed, increasing consumer concern about conventional production practices and the growing demand for alternative poultry products, which can fetch high retail prices, should be leveraged to encourage the diffusion of native chicken breeds in alternative poultry farming. An important knock-on effect would be the preservation of biodiversity. Abstract The intensive use of high-performing strains in poultry production has led to the extinction of several autochthonous chicken breeds and, consequently, loss of genetic variability. Interest in saving biodiversity is growing rapidly and has become a major objective worldwide. The aim of this study was to shed light on the production trends of native Italian poultry breeds and the related market. A questionnaire, which asked about the production cycles, the number of animals and table eggs produced per year and their retail prices was completed by 121 breeders across Italy. The surveyed breeders were divided into two categories: breeders conducting an agrozootechnical farm, referred to as ‘farmers’ (F); and breeders keeping chickens as backyard poultry, referred to as ‘fancy breeders’ (FB). Analysis of the data acquired indicated that animals were mainly slaughtered between 6 and 12 months of age, with F processing more animals per year. The same production trend was observed for table eggs. The recorded retail prices of native chicken products were higher than those for conventional products, but similar to those reported for valuable niche poultry products, such as the Poulet de Bresse in France and organic eggs. Knowledge about these highly valuable markets should be used to encourage the use of local breeds in alternative poultry farming and help protect biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Franzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (M.G.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (M.G.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Annelisse Castillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (M.G.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (M.G.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (M.G.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Cendron
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università di Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Silvia Cerolini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Ahmad Abdel Sayed
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.C.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Nicolaia Iaffaldano
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (N.I.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Michele Di Iorio
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (N.I.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Margherita Marzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Salvucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (M.G.); (A.C.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6709208
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10
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Castillo A, Gariglio M, Franzoni A, Soglia D, Sartore S, Buccioni A, Mannelli F, Cassandro M, Cendron F, Castellini C, Mancinelli AC, Iaffaldano N, Iorio MD, Marzoni M, Salvucci S, Cerolini S, Zaniboni L, Schiavone A. Overview of Native Chicken Breeds in Italy: Conservation Status and Rearing Systems in Use. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020490. [PMID: 33673395 PMCID: PMC7917728 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The ongoing loss of domestic animal breeds around the world is occurring at an alarming rate. Thus, the registration and preservation of native breeds is of great importance. The aim of this study, which forms part of a conservation program, was to provide an overview of the conservation statuses of native Italian poultry breeds being reared by local breeders in Italy. The data collected by means of a census questionnaire demonstrate the low population sizes of these breeds in Italy and highlight the need for campaigns aimed at publicizing and promoting the benefits of native breeds with the goal of increasing population sizes. Identifying strategies to facilitate breeders’ access to pure breed birds is also essential, and would require collaborative efforts of university research centers, public entities, and breeders. Abstract The most reared species of farm animal around the world is the chicken. However, the intensification of livestock systems has led to a gradual increase in the concentration of a limited number of breeds, resulting in substantial erosion to the genetic pool. The initial step of an ‘animal conservation program’ entails establishing the actual conservation statuses of the breeds concerned in a defined area; in this case, in Italy. To this end, a survey of breeds was performed by means of a census questionnaire divided into two parts. The first part collected information on breeds, breeders, housing facilities, and management aspects, the results of which are presented here. The second part of the questionnaire regarded chicken products and their markets, and these data will be reported in a second paper. The breed status of six chicken breeds was shown to be exceptionally worrying, with total numbers ranging from just 18 to 186 birds. Population sizes exceeding 1000 birds was identified for just four breeds, the maximum being 3400. Some improvements in status were noted in relation to breeds which had been the subject of conservation efforts in the past. The two most common breeds reported are the Bionda Piemontese, a double-purpose breed, and the Livorno egg-laying hen. Collo Nudo Italiano, Millefiori Piemontese, Pollo Trentino, and Tirolese chicken breeds and the Castano Precoce turkey breed were not listed by breeders at all. The most reported turkey breeds are the Bronzato Comune and the Ermellinato di Rovigo. The population sizes of native Italian poultry breeds were shown to be generally poor. Italian poultry farmers and the population at large are largely ignorant about indigenous poultry breeds. Thus, promoting the virtues of Italian breeds would help their conservation by encouraging breeders to rear these birds and consumers to buy their products. The identification of strategies to facilitate access to pure breed birds is essential, and will require the collaboration of university research centers, public entities, and breeders. The results presented in this paper constitute the initial part of a more complex conservation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelisse Castillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Marta Gariglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessandro Franzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, Università di Firenze, Via delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Cendron
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (C.C.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Nicolaia Iaffaldano
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (N.I.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Michele Di Iorio
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (N.I.); (M.D.I.)
| | - Margherita Marzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonia Salvucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Cerolini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Luisa Zaniboni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.); (A.F.); (D.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6709208
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11
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Moretti R, Soglia D, Chessa S, Sartore S, Finocchiaro R, Rasero R, Sacchi P. Identification of SNPs Associated with Somatic Cell Score in Candidate Genes in Italian Holstein Friesian Bulls. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:366. [PMID: 33535694 PMCID: PMC7912858 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an infectious disease affecting the mammary gland, leading to inflammatory reactions and to heavy economic losses due to milk production decrease. One possible way to tackle the antimicrobial resistance issue stemming from antimicrobial therapy is to select animals with a genetic resistance to this disease. Therefore, aim of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of the SNPs found in candidate genes related to mastitis resistance in Holstein Friesian bulls. Target regions were amplified, sequenced by Next-Generation Sequencing technology on the Illumina® MiSeq, and then analyzed to find correlation with mastitis related phenotypes in 95 Italian Holstein bulls chosen with the aid of a selective genotyping approach. On a total of 557 detected mutations, 61 showed different genotype distribution in the tails of the deregressed EBVs for SCS and 15 were identified as significantly associated with the phenotype using two different approaches. The significant SNPs were identified in intergenic or intronic regions of six genes, known to be key components in the immune system (namely CXCR1, DCK, NOD2, MBL2, MBL1 and M-SAA3.2). These SNPs could be considered as candidates for a future genetic selection for mastitis resistance, although further studies are required to assess their presence in other dairy cattle breeds and their possible negative correlation with other traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (R.M.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (R.M.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (R.M.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (R.M.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Raffaella Finocchiaro
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Razza Frisona e Jersey Italiana—ANAFIJ, 26100 Cremona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Rasero
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (R.M.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Sacchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (R.M.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
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Cendron F, Perini F, Mastrangelo S, Tolone M, Criscione A, Bordonaro S, Iaffaldano N, Castellini C, Marzoni M, Buccioni A, Soglia D, Schiavone A, Cerolini S, Lasagna E, Cassandro M. Genome-Wide SNP Analysis Reveals the Population Structure and the Conservation Status of 23 Italian Chicken Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1441. [PMID: 32824706 PMCID: PMC7460279 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genomic variability of local Italian chicken breeds, which were monitored under a conservation plan, was studied using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to understand their genetic diversity and population structure. A total of 582 samples from 23 local breeds and four commercial stocks were genotyped using the Affymetrix 600 K Chicken SNP Array. In general, the levels of genetic diversity, investigated through different approaches, were lowest in the local chicken breeds compared to those in the commercial stocks. The level of genomic inbreeding, based on runs of homozygosity (FROH), was markedly different among the breeds and ranged from 0.121 (Valdarnese) to 0.607 (Siciliana). In all breeds, short runs of homozygosity (ROH) (<4 Mb in length) were more frequent than long segments. The patterns of genetic differentiation, model-based clustering, and neighbor networks showed that most breeds formed non-overlapping clusters and were clearly separate populations, which indicated the presence of gene flow, especially among breeds that originated from the same geographical area. Four genomic regions were identified as hotspots of autozygosity (islands) among the breeds, where the candidate genes are involved in morphological traits, such as body weight and feed conversion ratio. We conclude that the investigated breeds have conserved authentic genetic patterns, and these results can improve conservation strategies; moreover, the conservation of local breeds may play an important role in the local economy as a source of high-quality products for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cendron
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco Perini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (F.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Salvatore Mastrangelo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (S.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco Tolone
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (S.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Andrea Criscione
- Department of Agronomy, Food, and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia, 5, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Salvatore Bordonaro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, and Environment, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia, 5, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Nicolaia Iaffaldano
- Department of Agricultural, Environment and Food, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis s/n, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (F.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Margherita Marzoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Firenze, Via di San Bonaventura, 50145 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Silvia Cerolini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Milano, Via Trentacoste, 2, 20134 Milano, Italy;
| | - Emiliano Lasagna
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (F.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.C.); (M.C.)
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Chessa S, Gattolin S, Cremonesi P, Soglia D, Finocchiaro R, Van Kaam JT, Marusi M, Civati G. The effect of selection on casein genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes in Italian Holstein cattle. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1802356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Chessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, National Research Council, Lodi, Italy
| | - Stefano Gattolin
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, National Research Council, Lodi, Italy
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, National Research Council, Lodi, Italy
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Finocchiaro
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Razza Frisona e Jersey Italiana – ANAFIJ, Cremona, Italy
| | - Jan-Thijs Van Kaam
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Razza Frisona e Jersey Italiana – ANAFIJ, Cremona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marusi
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Razza Frisona e Jersey Italiana – ANAFIJ, Cremona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Civati
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Razza Frisona e Jersey Italiana – ANAFIJ, Cremona, Italy
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Dabbou S, Ferrocino I, Gasco L, Schiavone A, Trocino A, Xiccato G, Barroeta AC, Maione S, Soglia D, Biasato I, Cocolin L, Gai F, Nucera DM. Antimicrobial Effects of Black Soldier Fly and Yellow Mealworm Fats and Their Impact on Gut Microbiota of Growing Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081292. [PMID: 32731566 PMCID: PMC7460256 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of two types of insect fats extracted from black soldier fly larvae (HI, Hermetia illucens L.) and yellow mealworm larvae (TM, Tenebrio molitor L.) and their effects as dietary replacement of soybean oil (S) on cecal fermentation pattern, and fecal and cecal microbiota in rabbits. A total of 120 weaned rabbits were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (40 rabbits/group) -a control diet (C diet) containing 1.5% of S and two experimental diets (HI diet (HID) and TM diet (TMD)), where S was totally substituted by HI or TM fats during the whole trial that lasted 41 days. Regarding the in vitro antimicrobial activities, HI and TM fats did not show any effects on Salmonella growth. Yersinia enterocolitica showed significantly lower growth when challenged with HI fats than the controls. The insect fat supplementation in rabbit diets increased the contents of the cecal volatile fatty acids when compared to the control group. A metataxonomic approach was adopted to investigate the shift in the microbial composition as a function of the dietary insect fat supplementation. The microbiota did not show a clear separation as a function of the inclusion, even if a specific microbial signature was observed. Indeed, HI and TM fat supplementation enriched the presence of Akkermansia that was found to be correlated with NH3-N concentration. An increase in Ruminococcus, which can improve the immune response of the host, was also observed. This study confirms the potential of HI and TM fats as antibacterial feed ingredients with a positive influence on the rabbit cecal microbiota, thus supporting the possibility of including HI and TM fats in rabbit diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.F.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (D.M.N.)
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.F.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (D.M.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.S.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Angela Trocino
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy;
| | - Gerolamo Xiccato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal, and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy;
| | - Ana C. Barroeta
- Nutrition and Animal Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Sandra Maione
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.S.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.S.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.F.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (D.M.N.)
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.F.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (D.M.N.)
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Daniele Michele Nucera
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (I.F.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (D.M.N.)
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Soglia D, Sartore S, Maione S, Schiavone A, Dabbou S, Nery J, Zaniboni L, Marelli S, Sacchi P, Rasero R. Growth Performance Analysis of Two Italian Slow-Growing Chicken Breeds: Bianca di Saluzzo and Bionda Piemontese. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060969. [PMID: 32503231 PMCID: PMC7341298 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bianca di Saluzzo and Bionda Piemontese are two Italian slow-growing chicken breeds of the Piemonte region (Northwest Italy) and are reared mainly for meat. They conserve adaptation to free ranging low input rearing systems and are promising for antibiotic-free farming. We aimed to analyze their growth using a mathematical model and to obtain some advice for improving performance. Polymorphism of the PAX7 gene was also studied to increase conservation value. The results confirmed that these breeds are late-maturing. Whereas selection would increase inbreeding, a mating scheme to bring inbreeding under control could be the most proper way to increase growth rate and reach commercial maturity earlier. Abstract Bianca di Saluzzo (BS) and Bionda Piemontese (BP) are two Italian chicken breeds, mainly reared for meat production, primarily in antibiotic-free farming. However, technical information on their growth pattern is still missing. At hatching, 150 unsexed chicks of each breed were weighed, labeled, and reared in indoor pens up to 8 w of age. At 8 w of age, the chicks were separated by sex and randomly transferred to growing pens with access to an external paddock (15 birds/pen; 4 pens/sex for each breed). The body weight (BW) was recorded biweekly for each bird, from hatching to 32 w of age. In order to identify an improvement strategy, the objectives of our study were to analyze the growth pattern of these birds using the Gompertz mathematical model and compare results with other chicken breeds. Polymorphism of the PAX7 gene was also analyzed to test its association with growth traits. Both BS and BP are close to unselected native breeds and, among the Italian local poultry, they are confirmed to be slow-growing birds with an intermediate size between heavy and light chicken breeds. Regarding the PAX7 gene, two alleles were found, F and G, and showed an association with the actual BW in the BP females from 14 w of age onwards. The G allele always exhibited a more favorable effect than the F allele. In small size poultry population, a delicate balance between preservation of biodiversity and performance improvement should be considered. Consequently, the most proper way could be an approach based on a mating scheme to keep inbreeding under control, increase growth rate, and improve commercial maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Soglia
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Sandra Maione
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sihem Dabbou
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Joana Nery
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Luisa Zaniboni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Marelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Sacchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberto Rasero
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.M.); (J.N.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
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16
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Boano G, Tizzani P, Rasero R, Fasano SG, Centili D, Silvano F, Soglia D, Sacchi P, Meneguz PG. Sex identification of Eurasian Scops Owl Otus scops using morphometric analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03078698.2019.1759914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Boano
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Via S. Francesco di Sales 188, I-10022 Carmagnola (TO), Italy
| | - Paolo Tizzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, I-10090 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Roberto Rasero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, I-10090 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | | | | | - Fabrizio Silvano
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Villa Gardella Via Fossati 2, I-15060 Stazzano (AL), Italy
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, I-10090 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Paola Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, I-10090 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Meneguz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, I-10090 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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Dabbou S, Schiavone A, Gai F, Martinez S, Madrid J, Hernandez F, Martínez Marín AL, Soglia D, Sartore S, Kalmar ID, Gasco L, Nery J. Effect of dietary globin, a natural emulsifier, on the growth performance and digestive efficiency of broiler chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1547127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Dabbou
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Martinez
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa Madrid
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Laura Gasco
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Turin, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Joana Nery
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Soglia D, Sacchi P, Sartore S, Maione S, Schiavone A, De Marco M, Bottero MT, Dalmasso A, Pattono D, Rasero R. Distinguishing industrial meat from that of indigenous chickens with molecular markers. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2552-2561. [PMID: 28419370 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of investigation was to evaluate a traceability system to detect industrial chicken meat among indigenous products, considering issues that could affect assignment accuracy. The dataset included 2 Italian indigenous meat breeds, namely Bionda Piemontese (2 ecotypes) and Bianca di Saluzzo, one broiler line, and 3 layer lines. Assignment tests were performed using a standard panel of 28 microsatellite loci. To evaluate effects of inbreeding and substructure on assignment accuracy, a simulated dataset was prepared. Broilers and layers belong to homogeneous populations and never enter the clusters of indigenous breeds. Ambiguity or misallocation are expected between the Bionda ecotypes and between the 2 indigenous breeds, but it is unlikely that niche products provided by Bionda and Bianca will compete with one another. Non-random mating reduces accuracy, but only populations having weak genetic differentiation are involved, namely those that are less interesting to discriminate. The dataset can be used as a reference population to distinguish commercial meat from indigenous meat with great accuracy. Misallocations increase as number of loci decreases, but only within or between the indigenous breeds. A subpanel of the most resolving 14 loci keeps sufficient informative content to provide accuracy and to correctly allocate additional test samples within the reference population. This analytical tool is economically sustainable as a method to detect fraud or mislabeling. Adoption of a monitoring system should increase the value of typical products because the additional burden of molecular analyses would improve commercial grade and perception of quality.
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Sacchi P, Rasero R, Ru G, Aiassa E, Colussi S, Ingravalle F, Peletto S, Perrotta MG, Sartore S, Soglia D, Acutis P. Predicting the impact of selection for scrapie resistance on PRNP genotype frequencies in goats. Vet Res 2018; 49:26. [PMID: 29510738 PMCID: PMC5840724 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Union has implemented breeding programmes to increase scrapie resistance in sheep. A similar approach can be applied also in goats since the K222 allele provides a level of resistance equivalent to that of ARR in sheep. The European Food Safety Authority stated that breeding for resistance could be offered as an option for Member States to control classical scrapie in goats. We assessed the impact of different breeding strategies on PRNP genotype frequencies using a mathematical model that describes in detail the evolution of K222 in two goat breeds, Chamois Coloured and Saanen. Different patterns of age structure and replacement rate were modelled as factors affecting response to selection. Breeding for scrapie resistance can be implemented in goats, even though the initial K222 frequencies in these breeds are not particularly favourable and the rate at which the resistant animals increase, both breeding and slaughtered for meat production, is slow. If the goal is not to achieve the fixation of resistance allele, it is advisable to carry out selection only until a desired frequency of K222-carriers has been attained. Nucleus selection vs. selection on the overall populations is less expensive but takes longer to reach the desired output. The programme performed on the two goat breeds serves as a model of the response the selection could have in other breeds that show different initial frequencies and population structure. In this respect, the model has a general applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sacchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Torino University, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Rasero
- Department of Veterinary Science, Torino University, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ru
- Italian Reference Centre for Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aiassa
- Italian Reference Centre for Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Colussi
- Italian Reference Centre for Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Ingravalle
- Italian Reference Centre for Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Italian Reference Centre for Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Perrotta
- Direzione generale della sanità animale e dei farmaci veterinari, Ministero della Salute, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Department of Veterinary Science, Torino University, Turin, Italy
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Department of Veterinary Science, Torino University, Turin, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Acutis
- Italian Reference Centre for Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Turin, Italy
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Sartore S, Landoni E, Maione S, Tarducci A, Borrelli A, Soglia D, Rasero R, Sacchi P. Polymorphism Analysis of Ch1 and Ch2 Genes in the Siberian Cat. Vet Sci 2017; 4:vetsci4040063. [PMID: 29194349 PMCID: PMC5753643 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cats are usually spreaders of allergens that are critical for sensitive people; the Siberian cat is a breed supposed to be low level allergenic, according to some breeders' statements. The sequence of the two genes, namely Ch1 and Ch2, that code for the allergen Fel d 1, the major allergen responsible for outbreaks of allergy symptoms, is not yet known in the Siberian cat, and finding this was the aim of our investigation. Notably, our work is the first survey of the genetic structure of these genes in Siberian cats. The comparison of the sequences of Siberian cats, non-Siberian cats, and sequences present in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database revealed a considerable number of mutations; some of those detected in the Siberian cat, due to their position in exon regions, could affect the Fel d 1 allergenic properties. Therefore, further investigations are recommended to assess if the identified mutations can be responsible for a reduced-allergen synthesis and can be used as markers for selection of low level allergenic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sartore
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Landoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Sandra Maione
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Alberto Tarducci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Antonio Borrelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Roberto Rasero
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Paola Sacchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
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Sartore S, Sacchi P, Soglia D, Maione S, Schiavone A, De Marco M, Ceccobelli S, Lasagna E, Rasero R. Genetic variability of two Italian indigenous chicken breeds inferred from microsatellite marker analysis. Br Poult Sci 2016; 57:435-43. [PMID: 27159279 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1187714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the genetic structure and variability of Bionda Piemontese and Bianca di Saluzzo (Piedmont, Northwest Italy) using an international set of microsatellite loci (AVIANDIV-FAO). Differences compared with commercial lines and other Italian breeds were verified to justify the implementation of conservation programmes. Flock contribution to genetic variability was assessed following the approach implemented in the MolKin software. Comparison was performed using the fixation index and the Reynolds genetic distance. The most likely number of different populations was estimated using the clustering procedure implemented in STRUCTURE. The molecular information suggests that management practices could have prevented random mating and produced inbreeding and heterogeneity across flocks. In this respect, Bionda and Bianca show substructuring and are more similar to British breeds than other continental European breeds. Bionda and Bianca fit into the European breeds provided with the highest number of alleles and expected heterozygosity. There is a clear distinction between the Piedmont breeds and the other populations. The Piedmont poultry differ from both commercial lines and other Italian breeds and retain a high level of genetic variability. As for other indigenous breeds, Bionda and Bianca could make an original contribution to the industry in the future. A collective planned approach to restoration is essential, because the flocks are managed with poor regulation. Enhancing connection between breeders with an efficient replacement interchange and mating plan is the right way of controlling inbreeding, preventing substructuring and increasing variability within the flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sartore
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie , Turin University , Grugliasco , Italy
| | - P Sacchi
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie , Turin University , Grugliasco , Italy
| | - D Soglia
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie , Turin University , Grugliasco , Italy
| | - S Maione
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie , Turin University , Grugliasco , Italy
| | - A Schiavone
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie , Turin University , Grugliasco , Italy
| | - M De Marco
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie , Turin University , Grugliasco , Italy
| | - S Ceccobelli
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali , Perugia University , Perugia , Italy
| | - E Lasagna
- b Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali , Perugia University , Perugia , Italy
| | - R Rasero
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie , Turin University , Grugliasco , Italy
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Soglia D, Rasero R, Rossi L, Sartore S, Sacchi P, Maione S. Microsatellites as markers for comparison among different populations ofSarcoptes scabiei. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Soglia
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Torino, Italy
| | - R. Rasero
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Torino, Italy
| | - L. Rossi
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Torino, Italy
| | - S. Sartore
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Torino, Italy
| | - P. Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Torino, Italy
| | - S. Maione
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Torino, Italy
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Sartore S, Rasero R, Colussi S, Acutis P, Peletto S, Soglia D, Maione S, Spalenza V, Sacchi P. Effect of selection for scrapie resistance on genetic diversity in a rare and locally adapted sheep breed: The case of Sambucana. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pasquetti M, Peano A, Soglia D, Min ARM, Pankewitz F, Ohst T, Gräser Y. Development and validation of a microsatellite marker-based method for tracing infections by Microsporum canis. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 70:123-9. [PMID: 23415957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsporum canis is a dermatophyte fungus harbored by cats and dogs and is frequently transmitted to humans. Molecular tools able to discriminate fungal isolates at the strain level would prove extremely useful for confirming the route of infection, thus contributing to optimization of prophylaxis and hygienic regimens. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a microsatellite marker-based method for use in tracking infections by M. canis. METHODS Primers were designed against sequences flanking the microsatellites individuated by a BLAST search using the nucleotide sequence information assembled by the M. canis CBS 113480 genome project. The PCR conditions were standardized and fragment analysis was performed using a genetic analyzer. The resolving power of the markers was investigated on 26 unrelated M. canis strains while the reproducibility of the technique and the stability of the markers were evaluated on a single strain subcultured in time as well as on 36 strains isolated from nine outbreak episodes. RESULTS Eight markers were recognized as being the most polymorphic within the set of M. canis strains isolated from unrelated distant hosts, with a total of 22 multilocus genotypes, which corresponded to a genotypic diversity of 97%. Repeated tests on subcultures of M. canis reference strain CBS 113480 always yielded the same results. Identical multilocus genotypes were obtained for all the isolates from each outbreak episode. CONCLUSION The high resolving power and reproducibility of the markers that were identified support the potential of these tools to detect sources and routes of infection by M. canis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pasquetti
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia ed Ecologia, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
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de Souza FRP, Maione S, Sartore S, Soglia D, Spalenza V, Cauvin E, Martelli LR, Mercadante MEZ, Sacchi P, de Albuquerque LG, Rasero R. MUC1 gene polymorphism in three Nelore lines selected for growth and its association with growth and carcass traits. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1541-9. [PMID: 21633893 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe the VNTR polymorphism of the mucin 1 gene (MUC1) in three Nelore lines selected for yearling weight to determine whether allele and genotype frequencies of this polymorphism were affected by selection for growth. In addition, the effects of the polymorphism on growth and carcass traits were evaluated. Birth, weaning and yearling weights, rump height, Longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness, and rump fat thickness, were analyzed. A total of 295 Nelore heifers from the Beef Cattle Research Center, Instituto de Zootecnia de Sertãozinho, were used, including 41 of the control line, 102 of the selection line and 152 of the traditional. The selection and traditional lines comprise animals selected for higher yearling weight, whereas control line animals are selected for yearling weight close to the average. Five alleles were identified, with allele 1 being the most frequent in the three lines, especially in the lines selected for higher means for yearling weight. Heterozygosity was significantly higher in the control line. Association analyses showed significant effects of allele 1 on birth weight and weaning weight while the allele 3 exert significant effects on yearling weight and back fat thickness. Despite these findings, application of this marker to marker-assisted selection requires more consistent results based on the genotyping of a larger number of animals in order to increase the accuracy of the statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ricardo Pablos de Souza
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil.
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Soglia D, Rambozzi L, Maione S, Spalenza V, Sartore S, Alasaad S, Sacchi P, Rossi L. Two simple techniques for the safe Sarcoptes collection and individual mite DNA extraction. Parasitol Res 2009; 105:1465-8. [PMID: 19655170 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Availability of mites is a recognized limiting factor of biological and genetic investigations of the genus Sarcoptes. Current methods of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction from individual mites also need substantial improvement in efficiency and operator friendliness. We have first developed a technique for efficient and safe extraction of living mites from scabietic skin samples (crusts or deep skin scrapings). Its core device is a large plastic syringe connected with a 1.5-ml Eppendorf tube. The source material is introduced in the syringe and the device in a shoe box with the tip half of the tube emerging. Mites migrate towards a heat source during a minimum of 36 h. Then, the tube is detached and the mites utilized without risks for the operators. A second technique allows operator-friendly manipulation of individual mites for DNA extraction. Fixed mites are isolated by adhesion to a small strip of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) adhesive tape operated with tweezers. Then, mite and strip are plunged in the lyses buffer and the sample twice submitted to thermal shock for disruption of the chitinous exoskeleton. Data show that the tape does not interfere with successive DNA extraction with a commercial kit. The corresponding protocol, that we briefly name "PVC adhesive tape + thermal shock + kit DNA extraction," compares favorably with the available ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia ed Ecologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
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Alasaad S, Soglia D, Maione S, Sartore S, Soriguer RC, Pérez JM, Rasero R, Rossi L. Effectiveness of the postponed isolation (post-frozen isolation) method for PCR-quality Sarcoptes mite gDNA. Exp Appl Acarol 2009; 47:173-178. [PMID: 18855106 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-008-9196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess whether individual Sarcoptes mites collected from frozen skin ('postponed isolation' method) are suitable sources of PCR-quality genomic DNA, and to test the effectiveness of this method in comparison with the 'direct isolation' method, often used through force of habit. Hundreds of single Sarcoptes scabiei samples, resulting from direct (live) or postponed (post-frozen) isolation, were tested using a approximately 450 bp product (ITS-2) and multi-locus 10x genotyping with microsatellite markers. No statistical difference in yield of soluble DNA was found between the two isolation methods. Nevertheless, 19% of the reactions were classified as failed preparations in the direct isolation method, whereas the rate of unsuccessful reactions was 34% in the postponed isolation method. Consequently, post-frozen isolation is suitable and recommendable for Sarcoptes mite gDNA preparation, particularly when performing a balancing act among safety, practicability and profitability. These results have implications for mite collection for DNA extraction, and hence the needed wider leap of Sarcoptes into the genetic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Alasaad
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s/n, 23071 Jaen, Spain.
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Alasaad S, Soglia D, Spalenza V, Maione S, Soriguer R, Pérez J, Rasero R, Degiorgis MR, Nimmervoll H, Zhu X, Rossi L. Is ITS-2 rDNA suitable marker for genetic characterization of Sarcoptes mites from different wild animals in different geographic areas? Vet Parasitol 2009; 159:181-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Alasaad S, Rossi L, Soriguer RC, Rambozzi L, Soglia D, Pérez JM, Zhu XQ. Sarcoptes mite from collection to DNA extraction: the lost realm of the neglected parasite. Parasitol Res 2009; 104:723-32. [PMID: 19159955 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoptes mite from collection to DNA extraction forms the cornerstone for studies on Sarcoptes scabiei. Whilst the new science era took a shy leap into the different facets of mite studies, the cornerstone was almost entirely neglected. Mite collection, cleaning, storage and DNA extraction were, basically, humble attempts to extrapolate, adapt, modify or 'pirate' those existing methods to the peculiarities of Sarcoptes research. These aspects usually constituted few lines, bashfully mentioned, in the materials and methods section of some papers, which arose in unique problems concerning cost-effectiveness, time profitability, safety and even worse, the credibility of the results, creating contradictory conclusions in some cases. This 'noisy' situation encouraged us to collect, classify and review, for the first time to our knowledge, some aspects relating to studies on Sarcoptes mite from collection to DNA extraction, which will be useful for further studies on Sarcoptes, and have implications for the effective control of the diseases Sarcoptes mite causes. Further studies are needed, especially to compare the profitability, safety, sensibility and specificity of the different methods of this neglected realm of the ubiquitous ectoparasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alasaad
- Department of Ecology and Sylviculture, Aleppo University, 20333 Aleppo, Syria.
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Alasaad S, Rossi L, Maione S, Sartore S, Soriguer RC, Pérez JM, Rasero R, Zhu XQ, Soglia D. HotSHOT Plus ThermalSHOCK, a new and efficient technique for preparation of PCR-quality mite genomic DNA. Parasitol Res 2008; 103:1455-7. [PMID: 18685866 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-008-1127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study adapted the HotSHOT method, a technique which has been successfully applied on different kinds of tissues, to studies of Sarcoptes. Some modifications of this technique were made which allowed the quick preparation of PCR-quality Sarcoptes genomic DNA (gDNA), namely applying sodium hydroxide as a substrate for three cycles of thermal shock, followed by a short incubation and pH adjustment with a Tris solution (HotSHOT Plus ThermalSHOCK). The performance of this technique was tested by amplifying a approximately 450-bp rDNA fragment of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) and by multi-locus genotyping using ten microsatellites on 520 individual Sarcoptes samples. No difference in performance was observed between gDNA samples prepared using the HotSHOT Plus ThermalSHOCK technique and those prepared using a commercial kit utilizing proteinase K digestion. The results demonstrated that the HotSHOT Plus ThermalSHOCK technique is time-saving, economic, and easily automatable for the preparation of PCR-quality mite gDNA, which has implications for studying the molecular biology of mites with human and animal health significance. Although tested in the present study using Sarcoptes mites as a model, this technique may find broad applicability in extraction of gDNA from other parasites with small sizes and hard bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alasaad
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s. n., 23071 Jaén, Spain
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Abstract
An investigation was undertaken with the aim of studying the repetitive region of the MUC1 gene and analyzing its polymorphisms in some Italian sheep breeds. Two primers previously used for the goat MUC1 gene analyses allowed for the amplification of 4 different alleles. The sequence analysis showed that the repetitive region of the sheep MUC1 gene is an array of 60-bp repeats, in accordance with the information reported in humans, cattle, and goats. The polypeptide sequence encoded by the consensus repeat was very similar to the corresponding sequences of goats and cattle. The average homology of all repeated units was 82%; when the repeats were compared with the derived consensus repeat, homology dropped to 78%. The repeats were not all perfectly conserved, but the sequence homology was nevertheless clearly sufficient to preserve the mechanism giving rise to the variable-number tandem-repeat polymorphism. In spite of their reduced sequence homology, the sheep repeats shared a high number of potential glycosylation sites. The conservation of the exact number and position of glycosylation sites did not seem to be very important for the purpose of functional integrity, but glycosylation appeared to be conserved as a bulk property. Analysis of the polymorphism in 6 Italian breeds showed that the sheep repetitive region seemed to be less variable and smaller in size than the repetitive region of the goat. The findings of this study suggest that ruminants can be a useful model to study the mechanisms by which the variation in the repeat number and the extracellular domain size can modulate the effectiveness of MUC1 as a cell-surface shield.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rasero
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia ed Ecologia, University of Torino, Grugliasco 10095, Italy.
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Perucatti A, Floriot S, Di Meo GP, Soglia D, Rullo R, Maione S, Incarnato D, Eggen A, Sacchi P, Rasero R, Iannuzzi L. Comparative FISH mapping of mucin 1, transmembrane (MUC1) among cattle, river buffalo, sheep and goat chromosomes: comparison between bovine chromosome 3 and human chromosome 1. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 112:103-5. [PMID: 16276097 DOI: 10.1159/000087520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Four bovine BAC clones (0494F01, 0069D07, 0060B06, and 0306A12) containing MUC1, as confirmed by mapping MUC1 on a RH3000 radiation hybrid panel, were hybridised on R-banded chromosomes of cattle (BTA), river buffalo (BBU), sheep (OAR) and goat (CHI). MUC1 was FISH-mapped on BTA3q13, BBU6q13, OAR1p13 and CHI3q13 and both chromosomes and chromosome bands were homoeologous confirming the high degree of chromosome homoeologies among bovids and adding more information on the pericentromeric regions of these species' chromosomes. Indeed, MUC1 was more precisely assigned to BTA3 and assigned for the first time to BBU6, OAR1p and CHI3. Moreover, detailed and improved cytogenetic maps of BTA3, CHI3, OAR1p and BBU6 are shown and compared with HSA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perucatti
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Gene Mapping, National Research Council (CNR), ISPAAM, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the genetic structure of the casein gene cluster in 5 Italian goat breeds and to evaluate the haplotype variability within and among populations. A total of 430 goats from Vallesana, Roccaverano, Jonica, Garganica, and Maltese breeds were genotyped at alphas1-casein (CSN1S1), alphas2-casein, (CSN1S2), beta-casein (CSN2), and kappa-casein (CSN3) loci using several genomic techniques and milk protein analysis. Casein haplotype frequencies were estimated for each breed. Principal component analysis was carried out to highlight the relationship among breeds. Allele and haplotype distributions indicated considerable differences among breeds. The haplotype CSN1S1*F- CSN1S2*F-CSN3*D occurred in all breeds with frequencies >0.100 and was the most common haplotype in the Southern breeds. A high frequency of CSN1S1*0-CSN1S2*C-CSN3*A haplotype was found in Vallesana population (0.162). Principal component analysis clearly separated the Northern and Southern breeds by the first component. The variability of the caprine casein loci and variety of resulting haplotypes should be exploited in the future using specific breeding programs aiming to preserve biodiversity and to select goat genetic lines for specific protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia ed Ecologia, via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
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Sartore S, Sacchi P, Maione S, Soglia D, Cauvin E, Rasero R. Polymorphism of Genetic variability of gene in sheep. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2005. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2005.2s.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Soglia D, Sartore S, Maione S, La Neve F, Rossi L, Ferroglio E, Rasero R, Sacchi P. Development of two multiplex PCRs for microsatellite analysis in Alpine chamois ( Rupicapra r. rupicapra). Italian Journal of Animal Science 2005. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2005.2s.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bottero MT, Dalmasso A, Soglia D, Rosati S, Decastelli L, Civera T. Development of a multiplex PCR assay for the identification of pathogenic genes of Escherichia coli in milk and milk products. Mol Cell Probes 2004; 18:283-8. [PMID: 15271390 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2004] [Accepted: 03/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of some pathogenic genes of enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic and verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli was developed. In this study primers found in literature as well as primers to the purpose designed were used. In this way, it was possible to generate specific fragments of 96, 170, 229, 285, 348, 414 and 510 bp for Hlya, St, EaeA, Lt, Vt1, UidA and Vt2 genes, respectively. When applied to bacterial strains experimentally inoculated in milk and milk products, the proposed PCR showed a detection limit of 5 x 10(4)CFU/ml for Hyla, St, Eaea, Vt1 primers, while for Lt and Vt2 primers the limit resulted of 10(6)CFU/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Bottero
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco Torino, Italy.
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Abstract
The objective of our study was to demonstrate the existence of a repetitive region in the goat MUC1 gene and to develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol to analyze its polymorphism in different breeds. Using 2 primers derived from the bovine MUC1 sequence, a PCR fragment was obtained and cloned. The sequence analysis shows that the repetitive region of goat MUC1 is an array of 60 bp repeats in accordance with the data reported for other species. The polypeptide sequences encoded by the consensus repeats of goat and bovine were exactly alike. A PCR protocol to improve the detection of goat MUC1 polymorphism was developed, and a total of 178 animals from 6 Italian breeds were analyzed. Fifteen different alleles, ranging in size from 1500 to 3000 bp, were found. The high number of alleles observed shows that the goat MUC1 is a hypervariable gene. These results are the basis for further investigations on the possible role of MUC1 polymorphism in the genetic control of disease susceptibility and production traits in the goat species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Epidemiologia ed Ecologia, University of Torino, Grugliasco 10095, Italy.
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Sacchi P, Soglia D, Maione S, Meneguz G, Campora M, Rasero R. A non-invasive test for sex identification in Short-toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus). Mol Cell Probes 2004; 18:193-6. [PMID: 15135454 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2004.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2003] [Revised: 01/08/2004] [Accepted: 01/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the sex of individuals in natural populations greatly facilitates evolutionary ecology, breeding systems and genetics. Therefore, the development of a simple, not stressing and objective sexing test would facilitate conservation of the Short-toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus), an endangered Accipitridae species living mainly in southern Europe and Asia. A PCR test was used employing primers that amplify two homologous fragments of both the CHD-W gene, unique of females, and the CHD-Z, occurring in the two sexes. The analysis of the PCR products obtained from blood DNA showed a band of about 380 bp, apparently unique in all individuals. The alignment of the sequences of the two fragments revealed that CHD-W is only 9 bp longer than CHD-Z (387 vs. 378 bp) while CHD-Z lacks the restriction site for Asp700I. After digestion male PCR products showed a unique band of 378 bp while fragments belonging to females resolved into three bands (378, 280 and 107 bp). Using feathers as DNA sources, the individual patterns obtained were identical with the corresponding blood DNA samples. This sexing technique is objective and non-invasive and could be useful for verifying the sex ratio theories and improving the management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali Epidemiologia ed Ecologia, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
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