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Conca F, Rosso N, López Grove R, Savluk L, Santino JP, Ulla M. Esophageal tumors: The keys to diagnosis by pneumo-computed tomography. RADIOLOGIA 2023; 65:546-553. [PMID: 38049253 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and describe the most characteristic radiological findings of the most frequent esophageal tumor lesions, with emphasis on the esophago-gastric distention technique pneumo-computed tomography performed in our institution. To know the main advantage of this distension technique. CONCLUSION Malignant tumor lesions (predominantly squamous cell carcinoma in the mid esophagus and adenocarcinoma in the distal esophagus) present as asymmetric wall thickening, mucosal irregularity, or mass extending into adjacent organs with lymph node involvement. Benign tumors (mainly leiomyoma being the most frequent and others such as lipoma) present as endoluminal growth, with defined borders and homogeneous attenuation. Post-contrast enhancement is scarce or moderate. The technique of computed tomography pneumotomography technique achieves an additional distension of the esophageal lumen in all cases. It allows delimiting the superior and inferior borders of the lesions, helping the surgeon to define the therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Conca
- Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - N Rosso
- Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R López Grove
- Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Savluk
- Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J P Santino
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Ulla
- Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Li S, Yao W, Liu R, Gao L, Lu Y, Zhang H, Liang X. Long non-coding RNA LINC00152 in cancer: Roles, mechanisms, and chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960193. [PMID: 36033524 PMCID: PMC9399773 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA LINC00152 (cytoskeleton regulator, or LINC00152) is an 828-bp lncRNA located on chromosome 2p11.2. LINC00152 was originally discovered during research on hepatocarcinogenesis and has since been regarded as a crucial oncogene that regulates gene expression in many cancer types. LINC00152 is aberrantly expressed in various cancers, including gastric, breast, ovarian, colorectal, hepatocellular, and lung cancer, and glioma. Several studies have indicated that LINC00152 is correlated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance, and tumor growth and metastasis. High LINC00152 expression in most tumors is significantly associated with poor patient prognosis. Mechanistic analysis has demonstrated that LINC00152 can serve as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miRNA, regulating the abundance of the protein encoded by a particular gene, or modulating gene expression at the epigenetic level. LINC00152 can serve as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker, as well as a therapeutic target for most cancer types. In the present review, we discuss the roles and mechanisms of LINC00152 in human cancer, focusing on its functions in chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Affiliated People’ Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate Department, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Weiping Yao
- Cancer Center, Department of Affiliated People’ Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Affiliated People’ Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Cancer Center, Department of Affiliated People’ Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Affiliated People’ Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodong Liang, ; Haibo Zhang,
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Cancer Center, Department of Affiliated People’ Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate Department, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodong Liang, ; Haibo Zhang,
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Radiomics model for preoperative prediction of 3-year survival-based CT image biomarkers in esophageal cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:5433-5443. [PMID: 35857100 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aimed to develop a radiomics nomogram to predict 3-year overall survival of esophageal cancer patients after chemoradiotherapy. METHODS A total of 109 esophageal cancer patients, diagnosed from November 2012 to February 2015, were enrolled in this retrospective study. They were randomly divided into training set (77 cases) and verification set (32 cases). Image standardization was performed prior to feature extraction. And then, about 1670 radiomics features were extracted from the pretreatment diagnostic computed tomography image. A radiomics signature was constructed with the lasso algorithm; then, a radiomics score was calculated to reflect survival probability using the radiomics signature for each patient. A radiomics nomogram was developed by incorporating the radiomics score and clinical factors. A clinical model was constructed using clinical factors only. The performance of the nomogram was assessed with respect to its calibration and discrimination. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. RESULTS Sixteen radiomics features were selected to build the radiomics signature. The radiomics nomogram showed better calibration and classification capacity than the clinical model with AUC 0.96 vs. 0.72 for the training cohort, and 0.87 vs. 0.67 for the validation cohort. The model showed good discrimination with a Harrell's Concordance Index of 0.76 in the training cohort and 0.81 in the validation cohort. Decision curve analysis demonstrated the clinical usefulness of the radiomics nomogram. A significant difference (p value < 0.05; log-rank test) was observed between the survival curves of the nomogram-predicted survival and non-survival groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study proposed a radiomics-based nomogram involving the radiomics signature and clinical factors. It can be potentially applied in the individual preoperative prediction of 3-year survival in esophageal cancer patients.
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A Deep Learning Radiomics Analysis for Survival Prediction in Esophageal Cancer. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:4034404. [PMID: 35368956 PMCID: PMC8970800 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4034404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the deep learning radiomics (DLR) nomogram to predict the overall 3-year survival after chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer. The 154 patients' data were used in this study, which was randomly split into training (116) and validation (38) data. Deep learning and handcrafted features were obtained via the preprocessing diagnostic computed tomography images. The selected features were used to construct radiomics signatures through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, maximizing relevance while minimizing redundancy. The DLR signature, handcrafted features' radiomics (HCR) signature, and clinical factors were incorporated to develop a DLR nomogram. The DLR nomogram was evaluated in terms of discrimination and calibration with comparison to the HCR signature-based radiomics model. The experimental results showed the outperforming discrimination ability of the proposed DLR over the HCR model in terms of Harrel's concordance index, 0.76 and 0.784, for training and validation sets, respectively. Also, the proposed DLR nomogram calibrates and classifies better than the HCR model in terms of AUC, 0.984 (vs. 0.797) and 0.942 (vs. 0.665) for training and validation sets, respectively. Furthermore, the nomogram-predicted Kaplan–Meier survival (KMS) curves differed significantly from the nonsurvival groups in the log-rank test (p value <0.05). The proposed DLR model based on conventional CT images showed the outperforming performance over the HCR signature model in noninvasively individualized prediction of the 3-year survival rate in esophageal cancer patients. The proposed model can potentially provide prognostic information that guides and helps the clinical decisions between observation and treatment.
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5
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Vivas López A, Rodríguez Cuellar E, García Picazo A, Narváez Chávez C, Gómez Rodríguez P, Ortiz Aguilar M, Pérez Zapata A, Ferrero Herrero E. Mechanical triangular esophagogastrostomy: Technical aspects and initial results. Cir Esp 2022; 100:229-233. [PMID: 35431165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esophageal cancer represents the eighth neoplasm worldwide. The therapeutic approach is interdisciplinary, with surgery being the most effective option. Several techniques have been proposed to perform esophagogastrostomy after esophagectomy, among them mechanical triangular esophagogastrostomy (MT), with a little experience published in the Western literature on the latter. The objective of this study is to describe the technical aspects and initial results of MT anastomosis. METHODS A retrospective review of the patients who underwent esophagectomy according to the McKeown technique was performed, those in which MT anastomosis was implemented, between October 2017 and March 2020 in our hospital. RESULTS 14 patients were included, with a mean age of 63 years. The mean operative time was 436 min (360-581), being diagnosed of anastomotic leak (AL) 3 of the 14 patients (21.4%), as well as 3 patients presented anastomotic stenosis (AS). The median stay was 20 days, without any death in the series. DISCUSSION Multiple publications suggest the superiority in terms of AL and AS of the mechanical triangular anastomosis, which was also observed in our series, in which despite the small sample, a rapid improvement was observed in the indicators after the first cases. Therefore, this type of anastomosis may be a safe option for performing esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy, being necessary more definitive conclusive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Vivas López
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Alberto García Picazo
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Gómez Rodríguez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ortiz Aguilar
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez Zapata
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Wang M, Gu J, Zhang X, Yang J, Zhang X, Fang X. Long Non-coding RNA DANCR in Cancer: Roles, Mechanisms, and Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:753706. [PMID: 34722539 PMCID: PMC8554091 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.753706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) DANCR (also known as ANCR)—differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA, was first reported in 2012 to suppress differentiation of epithelial cells. Emerging evidence demonstrates that DANCR is a cancer-associated lncRNA abnormally expressed in many cancers (e.g., lung cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma). Increasing studies suggest that the dysregulation of DANCR plays critical roles in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistic analyses show that DANCR can serve as miRNA sponges, stabilize mRNAs, and interact with proteins. Recent research reveals that DANCR can be detected in many body fluids such as serum, plasma, and exosomes, providing a quick and convenient method for cancer monitor. Thus DANCR can be used as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for various types of cancer. This review focuses on the role and mechanism of DANCR in cancer progression with an emphasis on the clinical significance of DANCR in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoye Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianmei Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinjian Fang
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Lianyungang, China
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An updated review of the TNM classification system for cancer of the oesophagus and its complications. RADIOLOGIA 2021; 63:445-455. [PMID: 34625200 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer of the esophagus is an aggressive cancer with high mortality. Because of the esophagus's lack of serosa and its peculiar lymphatic drainage, esophageal cancer is diagnosed in advanced stages. The eighth edition of the TNM (2017) aims to standardize care for esophageal cancer throughout the world; it includes not only patients treated with esophagectomy alone, but also those receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. One new development in the eighth edition is that it establishes separate classifications for different time periods, with pathologic stage groups for prior to treatment (cTNM), after esophagectomy (pTNM), and after neoadjuvant therapy (ypTNM). The combined use of endoscopic ultrasound, CT, PET-CT, and MRI provides the greatest accuracy in determining the clinical stage, and these techniques are essential for planning treatment and for evaluating the response to neoadjuvant treatment. Esophagectomy continues to be the main treatment; it is also the elective gastrointestinal surgery that has the highest mortality, and it carries the risk of multiple complications, including anastomotic leaks, pulmonary complications, technical complications, and functional complications.
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8
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Liu W, Xia Y, Li M, Abulajiang G, Wang H, Su L, Li C, Shi Y, Zhang W, Xu S, Ma Y. Prognostic value of MTA1, SOX4 and EZH2 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:722. [PMID: 34007331 PMCID: PMC8120658 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer has always been one of the major malignant tumor types affecting the health of the Chinese population. Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), SOX4 and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) are all potent inducers of invasion and metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the role of these signaling molecules and their implication in ESCC have remained largely elusive. In the present study, the effects of MTA1, SOX4 and EZH2 on the prognosis of patients with ESCC were explored. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression levels of MTA1, SOX4 and EZH2. The χ2 test was used to analyze the association between protein expression and clinicopathological parameters. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards model survival analysis was performed to investigate the effects of the three proteins examined on disease prognosis. The results indicated that MTA1 may be used as a prognostic and diagnostic marker for ESCC. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to demonstrate that MTA1-SOX4 signaling is associated with prognosis in ESCC. However, no significant association was noted between SOX4 and EZH2 in the present study, which was inconsistent with previously reported findings. The function of the MTA1-SOX4-EZH2 axis and the interactions of the proteins involved require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Mengyan Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Gulinaer Abulajiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Liping Su
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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Corral de la Calle M, Encinas de la Iglesia J. Ultrasonography in infectious and neoplastic diseases of the bowel and peritoneum. RADIOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Vivas López A, Rodríguez Cuellar E, García Picazo A, Narváez Chávez C, Gómez Rodríguez P, Ortiz Aguilar M, Pérez Zapata A, Ferrero Herrero E. Mechanical triangular esophagogastrostomy: Technical aspects and initial results. Cir Esp 2021; 100:S0009-739X(21)00032-4. [PMID: 33637298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Esophageal cancer represents the eighth neoplasm worldwide. The therapeutic approach is interdisciplinary, with surgery being the most effective option. Several techniques have been proposed to perform esophagogastrostomy after esophagectomy, among them mechanical triangular esophagogastrostomy, with a little experience published in the Western literature on the latter. The objective of this study is to describe the technical aspects and initial results of triangular esophagogastrostomy anastomosis. METHODS A retrospective review of the patients who underwent esophagectomy according to the McKeown technique was performed, those in which triangular esophagogastrostomy anastomosis was implemented, between October 2017 and March 2020 in our hospital. RESULTS A total of 14 patients were included, with a mean age of 63 years. The mean operative time was 436minutes (360-581), being diagnosed of anastomotic leak 3 of the 14 patients (21.4%), as well as 3 patients presented anastomotic stenosis. The median stay was 20 days, without any death in the series. CONCLUSIONS Multiple publications suggest the superiority in terms of anastomotic leak and anastomotic stenosis of the mechanical triangular anastomosis, which was also observed in our series, in which despite the small sample, a rapid improvement was observed in the indicators after the first cases. Therefore, this type of anastomosis may be a safe option for performing esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy, being necessary more definitive conclusive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Vivas López
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
| | | | - Alberto García Picazo
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | | | - Pilar Gómez Rodríguez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | - Manuel Ortiz Aguilar
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | - Ana Pérez Zapata
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
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11
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Corral de la Calle MÁ, Encinas de la Iglesia J. Ultrasonography in infectious and neoplastic diseases of the bowel and peritoneum. RADIOLOGIA 2021; 63:270-290. [PMID: 33608108 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonography is not the most cited imaging technique for the evaluation of infectious and neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and the peritoneum, but it is often the initial technique used in the initial workup for nonspecific clinical syndromes. Despite its limitations, ultrasonography's strengths enable it to provide meaningful diagnostic information. To discuss the most important ultrasonographic, clinical, and epidemiological findings for infectious disease, we follow a topographical approach: stomach (Anisakis), proximal small bowel (Giardia lamblia, Strongyloides stercoralis, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex, and Cryptosporidium), distal small bowel (Yersinia, Salmonella, and Campylobacter), terminal ileum and cecum (tuberculosis), right colon (Entamoeba histolytica), left colon (Shigella), sigmoid colon and rectum, pancolitis (Clostridium difficile, Cytomegalovirus, and Escherichia coli), and peritoneum. To discuss the ultrasonographic and clinical findings of the most common neoplastic diseases, we follow a nosological approach: polyploid lesions as precursors of tumors, carcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors, hematological tumors, mesenchymal tumors, and metastases. We briefly discuss tumors of the peritoneum and the use of ultrasonography to guide percutaneous biopsy procedures.
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12
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Xu S, Zhou Y, Biekemitoufu H, Wang H, Li C, Zhang W, Ma Y. Expression of Twist, Slug and Snail in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their prognostic significance. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:184. [PMID: 33574923 PMCID: PMC7816285 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common types of malignancy worldwide. At present, surgical resection is the main treatment for esophageal cancer, but recurrence and distant metastasis are the main causes of mortality. The transcription factors Twist, Slug and Snail regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and thereby participate in tumor invasion and metastasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of Twist, Slug and Snail in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and their prognostic significance. The expression of Twist, Slug and Snail in 229 paraffin-embedded ESCC and matched normal mucosal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression differences of Twist, Slug and Snail in the ESCC and normal tissues were compared by χ2 test, and the associations between the three proteins and the clinicopathological parameters of ESCC were analyzed. The expression levels of Twist, Slug and Snail in 29 fresh frozen ESCC and matched normal mucosal tissues were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The correlations among Twist, Slug and Snail in ESCC were examined by Pearson's correlation analyses. In addition, single factor and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to analyze the influence of Twist, Slug and Snail on the prognosis of ESCC. Twist was found to be highly expressed in ESCC. The difference of Slug expression in ESCC was associated with differentiation degree, TNM stage and vascular invasion, but no significant association was observed between Snail expression and any clinicopathological parameters. In ESCC, there were significant differences in protein expression between Twist and Snail, and Slug and Snail. The mRNA expression level of Twist in ESCC was significantly higher than that in normal esophageal mucosa. However, the mRNA expression of Slug in normal esophageal mucosa was higher than that in ESCC, and the mRNA expression levels of Twist and Snail were positively correlated in ESCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis of 229 patients with ESCC revealed that Snail influenced the overall survival, as did the co-expression of Twist and Snail. Nerve invasion was also identified as an independent factor affecting the progression-free survival of ESCC. The results indicate that Twist is highly expressed, Slug may be a tumor suppressor, and Snail is an independent prognostic factor in ESCC. Twist and Snail are positively correlated, and the simultaneous inhibition of Twist and Snail protein expression may be beneficial for prolonging the overall survival of patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yaxing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hadeti Biekemitoufu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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13
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López Sala P, Alberdi Aldasoro N, Fuertes Fernández I, Sáenz Bañuelos J. An updated review of the TNM classification system for cancer of the esophagus and its complications. RADIOLOGIA 2020. [PMID: 33268136 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer of the esophagus is an aggressive cancer with high mortality. Because of the esophagus's lack of serosa and its peculiar lymphatic drainage, esophageal cancer is diagnosed in advanced stages. The eighth edition of the TNM (2017) aims to standardize care for esophageal cancer throughout the world; it includes not only patients treated with esophagectomy alone, but also those receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. One new development in the eighth edition is that it establishes separate classifications for different time periods, with pathologic stage groups for prior to treatment (cTNM), after esophagectomy (pTNM), and after neoadjuvant therapy (ypTNM). The combined use of endoscopic ultrasound, CT, PET-CT, and MRI provides the greatest accuracy in determining the clinical stage, and these techniques are essential for planning treatment and for evaluating the response to neoadjuvant treatment. Esophagectomy continues to be the main treatment; it is also the elective gastrointestinal surgery that has the highest mortality, and it carries the risk of multiple complications, including anastomotic leaks, pulmonary complications, technical complications, and functional complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P López Sala
- Residente del servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
| | - N Alberdi Aldasoro
- Residente del servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - I Fuertes Fernández
- FEA del servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - J Sáenz Bañuelos
- FEA del servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, España
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14
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Kelly GT, Faraj R, Dai Z, Cress AE, Wang T. A mutation found in esophageal cancer alters integrin β4 mRNA splicing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:726-732. [PMID: 32736699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Integrin β4 (CD104, mRNA: ITGβ4) contributes to anchoring cells to the extracellular matrix and is regulated in many cancer types where it contributes to tumor progression. One splice variant, integrin β4E, is poorly characterized. We extracted several mutations from tumor samples within ITGB4 near the splice site that controls ITGβ4E production, and computational analysis predicted six of these would alter splicing to alter ITGβ4E abundance. One of these mutations, from an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma sample, was predicted to increase splicing toward ITGβ4E. We verified this effect using a minigene, and observed that integrin β4E slows esophageal squamous cell migration while other variants enhance migration, demonstrating that integrin β4E regulation through mutations may contribute to esophageal squamous cell tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel T Kelly
- Pulmonary and Endothelial Laboratory, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Department of Internal Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Reem Faraj
- Pulmonary and Endothelial Laboratory, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Department of Internal Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Pulmonary and Endothelial Laboratory, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Department of Internal Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Anne E Cress
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Ting Wang
- Pulmonary and Endothelial Laboratory, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Department of Internal Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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15
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Zhou YX, Liu Q, Wang H, Ding F, Ma YQ. The expression and prognostic value of SOX2, β-catenin and survivin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Future Oncol 2019; 15:4181-4195. [PMID: 31789057 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We mainly explored the effect of SOX2, β-catenin and survivin on prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Materials & methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of SOX2, β-catenin and survivin. χ2 test was used to analyze the relationship between proteins and clinicopathological parameters. Survival analysis was used to investigate the effect of three proteins on prognosis. Results: SOX2 was related to lymph node metastasis (p = 0.004) and vascular invasion (p = 0.041). β-catenin was associated with depth of invasion (p = 0.014), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.032) and postoperative chemoradiotherapy (p < 0.001). Survivin was related to gender (p = 0.022) and nerve invasion (p = 0.014). There was a positive correlation between SOX2 and β-catenin. Patients with SOX2 and β-catenin overexpression had poor prognosis. Survivin-positive patients who received postoperative chemoradiotherapy had a short time. Conclusion: SOX2, β-catenin and survivin can be used as prognostic markers of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China, 830054
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine College, Medical University of Xinjiang, Urumqi, PR China, 830054
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China, 830054
| | - Fend Ding
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Pingyuan County, Dezhou, Shandong, PR China, 253100
| | - Yu-Qing Ma
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China, 830054
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16
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Pneumo-PET-CT: Initial Results of This Novel Technique on the Evaluation of Esophageal and Gastric Tumors with Anatomic-Surgical Correlation. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2019; 2019:4123851. [PMID: 30867663 PMCID: PMC6379876 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4123851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the initial results of a novel hybrid scanning-based technique that combines pneumo-computed tomography (PNCT) with positron emission tomography (PET) using 2-(fluorine-18) fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). We denominate it pneumo-PET-CT. The focus of our discussion will be on the description of the pneumo-PET-CT technique and the interpretation criteria with emphasis on its benefits and applications in the presurgical and postneoadjuvant therapy evaluation of esophageal, esophagogastric junction (EGJ), and gastric tumors.
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17
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Liu Q, Zhou YX, Hui-Wang, Li QX, Wu M, Ma YQ. The Silencing of SFRP2 Expression in ESCC Is Due to Methylation of the Gene Promoter. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 18:1533033819877977. [PMID: 31578133 PMCID: PMC6777053 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819877977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim of the study was to investigate the expression level and methylation status of the secreted frizzled-related protein 2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and to evaluate the clinical utility of the marker. MATERIAL AND METHODS We first used Immunohistochemistry (ICH) to explore the expression level of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues and then used methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction to detect methylation status of secreted frizzled-related protein 2. RESULTS Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 expression was notably reduced in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, whereas methylation of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 was increased in the majority of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma specimens. CONCLUSION Sum up, we have demonstrated the abnormal DNA hypermethylation, causing reduced or absent gene expression. Methylation testing of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 using epigenetic marker may be a significative screening method for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine College, Medical University of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Ya-Xing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui-Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiao-Xin Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Miao Wu
- Department of computer application, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu-Qing Ma
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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18
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Fang YF, Geng Q. Research progress and prospects of esophageal cancer in era of precision medicine. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:2829-2837. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i32.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common digestive system carcinoma, and China has the highest incidence of EC in the world. The prognosis of EC is poor; the five-year survival rate of EC in developing countries is extremely low because the clinical symptoms are often found too late, which makes the patients cannot be cured. In the era of precision medicine, new concepts and technologies are applied to the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of EC. Therefore, it becomes possible to formulate a personalized and accurate disease prevention and treatment program for each patient, so as to achieve maximum therapeutic effect, minimize side effects, and ultimately achieve the goal of improving the prognosis of EC. This article reviews the recent research progress and prospects of EC in the era of precision medicine with regard to disease screening, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
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