Metal ion-directed synthesis of 16-membered tetraazamacrocyclic complexes and their physico-chemical studies

Hydrolysis of Letrozole catalyzed by macrocyclic Rhodium (I) Schiff-base complexes

Ten mononuclear Rhodium (I) complexes were synthesized by macrocyclic ligands having N4 and N2O2 donor sites. Square planar geometry is assigned based on the analytical and spectral properties for all complexes. Rh(I) complexes were investigated as catalysts in hydrolysis of Nitrile group containing pharmaceutical drug Letrozole. A comparative study showed that all the complexes are efficient in the catalysis. The percent yields of all the catalytic reaction products viz. drug impurities were determined by spectrophotometric procedures and characterized by spectral studies.

Synthesis and characterization of binary and ternary complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions based on 4-aminotoluene-3-sulfonic acid

Salicylidene (4-aminotoluene-3-sulfonic acid) Schiff base ligand H(2)L, and its binary and ternary Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes using 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HOqu) and 2-aminopyridine (2-Ampy) as secondary ligands have been synthesised and characterized via elemental analysis, spectral data (IR, (1)H NMR, mass and solid reflectance), molar conductance, magnetic moment, TG-DSC measurements and XRPD analysis. Correlation of all spectroscopic data suggest that H(2)L ligand acts as monoanionic terdentate ligand with ONO sites coordinating to the metal ions via deprotonated phenolic-O, azomethine-N and sulfonate-O while 2-Ampy behaves as a neutral monodentate ligand via amino group-N and 8-HOqu behaves as a monoanionic bidentate ligand through the ring-N and deprotonated phenolic-O. The thermal behavior of these complexes shows that the coordinated water molecules were eliminated from the complexes at relatively higher temperatures than the hydrated water and there are two routes in removal of coordinated water molecules. All complexes have mononuclear structure and the tetrahedral, square planar or an octahedral geometry have been proposed. The ligand and its complexes have been screened for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Among the synthesised compounds, the binary and ternary Ni(II) complexes, (2, 8 and 10) and ternary Zn(II) complex, (12) were found to be very effective against Candida albicans and Bacillus subtilis than all other complexes with MICs of 2 and 8 μg/mL, respectively.

Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and biological evaluation studies of Schiff's base derived from naphthofuran-2-carbohydrazide with 8-formyl-7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin and its metal complexes

Metal complexes of the type ML(2), where M=Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and L=Schiff's base derived from the condensation of naphthofuran-2-carbohydrazide with 8-formyl-7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin have been synthesized. The chelation of the complexes have been elucidated in the light of analytical, IR, UV-vis, (1)H NMR, mass, ESR spectral data, thermal and magnetic studies. The measured molar conductance values indicate that, the complexes are non-electrolytic in nature. The redox behavior of one of the synthesized metal complexes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The Schiff's base and its metal complexes have been screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities by MIC method. The DNA cleavage activities of all the complexes were studied by agarose gel electrophoresis method. In addition, the free ligand along with its complexes has been studied for their antioxidant activity.

Synthesis, spectral and antibacterial sudies of copper(II) tetraaza macrocyclic complexes

A novel family of tetraaza macrocyclic Cu(II) complexes [CuLX(2)] (where L = N(4) donor macrocyclic ligands) and (X = Cl(-), NO(3) (-)) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic moments, IR, EPR, mass, electronic spectra and thermal studies. The magnetic moments and electronic spectral studies suggest square planar geometry for [Cu(DBACDT)]Cl(2) and [Cu(DBACDT)](NO(3))(2) complexes and distorted octahedral geometry to the rest of the ten complexes. The biological activity of all these complexes against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was compared with the activity of existing commercial antibacterial compounds like Linezolid and Cefaclor. Six complexes out of twelve were found to be most potent against both gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria due to the presence of thio group in the coordinated ligands.

Antimicrobial and DNA-cleavage studies of 22-membered N4 tetraaza macrocyclic triazoles: template synthesis and physicochemical characterization

A novel series of 22-membered macrocyclic complexes of the type [MLCl(2)] (M=Co(2+), Ni(2+) and Cu(2+)) have been synthesized with newly derived biologically active ligands (L(1)-L(IV)). These ligands were synthesized by the condensation of ortho-phthalaldehyde and bis-(4-amino-5-mercapto-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-yl)alkanes. The mode of bonding and overall geometry of the complexes have been inferred through IR, EPR, electronic spectral studies, conductivity, magnetic, thermal, and electrochemical studies. All these complexes have been screened for their antibacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and antifungal activities (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Cladosporium) by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The DNA cleavage study was done by agarose gel electrophoresis technique.

Ru(II) complexes of N4 and N2O2 macrocyclic Schiff base ligands: their antibacterial and antifungal studies

Reactions of [RuCl2(DMSO)4] with some of the biologically active macrocyclic Schiff base ligands containing N4 and N2O2 donor group yielded a number of stable complexes, effecting complete displacement of DMSO groups from the complex. The interaction of tetradentate ligand with [RuCl2(DMSO)4] gave neutral complexes of the type [RuCl2(L)] [where L=tetradentate macrocyclic ligand]. These complexes were characterized by elemental, IR, 1H, 13C NMR, mass, electronic, thermal, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. An octahedral geometry has been proposed for all complexes. All the macrocycles and macrocyclic Ru(II) complexes along with existing antibacterial drugs were screened for antibacterial activity against Gram +ve (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram -ve (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia) bacteria. All these compounds were found to be more active when compared to streptomycin and ampicillin. The representative macrocyclic Schiff bases and their complexes were also tested in vitro to evaluate their activity against fungi, namely, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium species.

Spectral characterization, cyclic voltammetry, morphology, biological activities and DNA cleaving studies of amino acid Schiff base metal(II) complexes

Metal complexes are synthesized with Schiff bases derived from o-phthalaldehyde (opa) and amino acids viz., glycine (gly) l-alanine (ala), l-phenylalanine (pal). Metal ions coordinate in a tetradentate or hexadentate manner with these N(2)O(2) donor ligands, which are characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moments, IR, electronic, (1)H NMR and EPR spectral studies. The elemental analysis suggests the stoichiometry to be 1:1 (metal:ligand). Based on EPR studies, spin-Hamiltonian and bonding parameters have been calculated. The g-values calculated for copper complexes at 300K and in frozen DMSO (77K) indicate the presence of the unpaired electron in the dx2-y2 orbital. The evaluated metal-ligand bonding parameters showed strong in-plane sigma- and pi-bonding. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron micrography (SEM) analysis provide the crystalline nature and the morphology of the metal complexes. The cyclic voltammograms of the Cu(II)/Mn(II)/VO(II) complexes investigated in DMSO solution exhibit metal centered electroactivity in the potential range -1.5 to +1.5V. The electrochemical data obtained for Cu(II) complexes explains the change of structural arrangement of the ligand around Cu(II) ions. The biological activity of the complexes has been tested on eight bacteria and three fungi. Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes show an increased activity in comparison to the controls. The metal complexes of opapal Schiff base were evaluated for their DNA cleaving activities with calf-thymus DNA (CT DNA) under aerobic conditions. Cu(II) and VO(II) complexes show more pronounced activity in presence of the oxidant.

Catalytic reduction of pralidoxime in pharmaceuticals by macrocyclic Ni(II) compounds derived from orthophthalaldehyde

Efficient catalytic method for the reduction of pralidoxime to its amine derivative by macrocyclic Ni(II) compounds has been developed. Ten macrocyclic Schiff base Ni(II) compounds were synthesized via non-template synthesis by treating the corresponding macrocycles with nickel chloride in 1:1 ratio. The resulting compounds were characterized by elemental, IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, mass, electronic spectra, conductance, magnetic, thermal studies and their structures have been proposed. These compounds were used as catalysts for the reduction of pralidoxime to its amino derivative. The reduced pralidoxime was also characterized by spectral analysis and catalytic cycle has been established. The reduced product was determined spectrophotometrically by treating with ninhydrin reagent and the percent yields were found to be in the range of 75.12-82.36%.

Synthesis, spectral studies and antibacterial activity of novel macrocyclic Co(II) compounds

Ten novel macrocyclic Co(II) compounds have been synthesized by treating four N(4) and six N(2)O(2) donor macrocycles with cobalt chloride in methanol. These compounds were characterized by elemental, IR, (1)H, (13)C NMR, mass, electronic spectral analysis, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Thermal behavior of these compounds has been studied by the thermogravimetric analysis. An octahedral geometry has been proposed for all of these complexes. All the macrocycles and macrocyclic Co(II) compounds along with existing antibacterial drugs were screened for antibacterial activity against Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria. All these compounds were found to be more active when compared to streptomycin and ampicillin.