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Mofokeng NN, Madikizela LM, Tiggelman I, Chimuka L. Emerging contaminants as unintentional substances in paper and board: A case of unexpected pharmaceuticals detection in the paper recycling chain. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134419. [PMID: 38691993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The contamination of paper products by various chemicals has been reported on a global level, but to date, no published research has investigated pharmaceutical contamination of paper-based products. In this study, pharmaceutical analysis was conducted on 42 samples collected from various points of the recycled paper value chain in Cape Town, South Africa, which included the various grades that may be included in the manufacturing of recycled paperboard. The analysis was achieved by ultrasonic-assisted extraction of paper samples before detection by UHPLC-Q Orbitrap. Quantification limits ranged from 1.15 pg/g for ketoprofen to 46.07 pg/g for methocarbamol. Pharmaceuticals identified in newspaper samples were dexamethasone, ketoprofen, and 17β-estradiol. The latter was also detected in paper shopping bags (up to 697.49 ng/g), infant bathtub packaging (280.62 ng/g), battery packaging (137.43 ng/g), and an egg carton (170.47 ng/g). Carbamazepine was also prominent with its concentration reaching 13.02 ng/g in a vegetable box. Suspect screening tentatively identified 14 additional pharmaceuticals in paper samples, with minocycline, prazepam, and anabolic steroids appearing more prominently. This pioneering study indicated that unintentional pharmaceutical exposure had expanded beyond environmental media to consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nondumiso N Mofokeng
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; Mpact Operations Pty (Ltd), Innovation, Research & Development, Devon Valley Road, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Lawrence M Madikizela
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, 28 Pioneer Ave, Roodepoort, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa.
| | - Ineke Tiggelman
- Mpact Operations Pty (Ltd), Innovation, Research & Development, Devon Valley Road, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
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Abdel-Lateef MA, Darwish IA, Gomaa H, Katamesh NS. Development of Eco-Friendly Scattering and Fluorimetric Methods for the Determination of Clemastine Through Its Interaction with Eosin Y: Assessment of Whiteness, Blueness, and Greenness Tools. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03679-9. [PMID: 38625571 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
For the first time, clemastine was estimated in this work utilizing two validated resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and fluorimetric methods. The methods relied on forming an association complex in an acidic medium between eosin Y reagent and clemastine. In the spectrofluorimetric approach, the investigated drug was quantified by quenching the fluorescence-emission intensity of eosin Y at 543.5 nm. The RRS method relied on enhancing the RRS spectrum at 331.8 nm, which is produced when eosin Y interacts with clemastine. Suitable conditions were established for the reaction to achieve maximum sensitivity. The linear values obtained from the spectrofluorimetric approach and the RRS method fall into the ranges of 0.2-1.5 µg mL- 1 and 0.25-2.0 µg mL- 1, respectively. It was established that the detection limits for these methods were 0.045 µg mL- 1 and 0.059 µg mL- 1, respectively. The developed methodologies yielded acceptable recoveries when used to estimate the quantity of clemastine in its pharmaceutical tablet dosage form. Regarding the use of greener solvents that were chosen, the suggested and reported methods were compared with the help of the Green Solvents Selecting (GSST) tool for assessing hazardous solvents to achieve sustainability. Furthermore, analytical Eco scale and comprehensive assessments of whiteness, blueness, and greenness were carried out utilizing Modified NEMI, ComplexGAPI, and AGREE evaluation tools. Additionally, recently developed tools such as BAGI and RGB 12 were applied to assess the blueness and the whiteness of the suggested methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdel-Lateef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim A Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassanien Gomaa
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Noha S Katamesh
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Koriem KMM, Abdeen AMA. Shikimic acid recovers diarrhea and its complications in SD rats fed lactose diet to induce diarrhea. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:28. [PMID: 37950334 PMCID: PMC10636980 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea is the increase of excretion of human water content and an imbalance in the physiologic processes of the small and large intestine while shikimic acid is an important biochemical metabolite in plants. This study aims to study the anti-diarrheal activity of shikimic acid through restoring kidney function, antioxidant activity, inflammatory markers, sodium/potassium-ATPase activity, apoptosis genes, and histology of the kidney in SD rats fed lactose diet to induce diarrhea. RESULTS Thirty-six male SD rats (150 ± 10 g, 12 weeks old) were divided into 2 equal groups (18 rats/group) as follows: normal and diarrheal rats. Normal rats were divided into 3 equal groups of 6 rats each: the control, shikimic acid, and desmopressin drug groups. Diarrheal rats were also divided into 3 equal groups of 6 rats each: diarrheal, diarrheal rats + shikimic acid, and diarrheal rats + desmopressin drug groups. Shikimic acid restored serum urea and creatinine, urinary volume, kidney weight, sodium, potassium, and chloride balance in serum and urine. The acid returned the antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, malondialdehyde, NADPH oxidase activity, conjugated dienes, and oxidative index) activity and the inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10) to values approaching the control values. Shikimic acid also restored the sodium/potassium-ATPase activity, the apoptosis genes p53 and bcl-2, and the histology of kidney tissue in diarrheal rats to be near the control group. CONCLUSIONS Shikimic acid rescues diarrhea and its complications through restoring kidney function, serum and urinary electrolytes, antioxidant activity, inflammatory markers, sodium/potassium-ATPase activity, the apoptosis genes, and the histology of the kidney in diarrheal rats to approach the control one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M M Koriem
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medical Research and Clinical Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Alaa M A Abdeen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt
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Koriem KMM. Fertaric acid amends bisphenol A-induced toxicity, DNA breakdown, and histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, and testis. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:535-550. [PMID: 35582291 PMCID: PMC9055189 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i3.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA) is present in many plastic products and food packaging. On the other hand, fertaric acid (FA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid. AIM To investigate the effect of FA on BPA-related liver, kidney, and testis toxicity, DNA breakdown, and histopathology in male rats. METHODS Thirty male albino rats were divided into five equal groups (6 rats/group): Control, paraffin oil, FA-, BPA-, and FA + BPA-treated groups. The control and paraffin oil groups were administered orally with 1 mL distilled water and 1 mL paraffin oil, respectively. The FA-, BPA-, and FA+ BPA-treated groups were administered orally with FA (45 mg/kg, bw) dissolved in 1 mL distilled water, BPA (4 mg/kg, bw) dissolved in 1 mL paraffin oil, and FA (45 mg/kg, bw) followed by BPA (4 mg/kg, bw), respectively. All these treatments were given once a day for 6 wk. RESULTS BPA induced a significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, sodium, potassium and chloride, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and testis protein levels but a highly significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, sex hormone binding globulin, blood urea nitrogen, and testis cholesterol levels. Also, FA inhibited the degradation of liver, kidney, and testis DNA content. Oral administration of FA to BPA-treated rats restored all the above parameters to normal levels. CONCLUSION FA ameliorates BPA-induced liver, kidney, and testis toxicity, DNA breakdown, and histopathological changes.
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Response surface methodology based on central composite design for optimizing temperature-controlled ionic liquid-based microextraction for the determination of histamine residual in canned fish products. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Koriem KM, Saleh HN, El-Attar MA. Artemisia restores systolic blood pressure, attenuates serum sodium/potassium levels and prevents cardiac oxidative stress in hypertension. NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020; ahead-of-print. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-07-2020-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to evaluate systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum sodium/potassium levels and cardiac antioxidants after Artemisia herba-alba oral administration in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR).
Design/methodology/approach
Hypertension is a silent killer disease. The SHR model was used in this study due to the similarity of high blood pressure in human and rat. The SBP, serum sodium and potassium, urinary sodium and potassium, cardiac antioxidants and heart histology were examined in SHR after oral administration with 10 and 20% of the LD50 of Artemisia herba-alba during four weeks.
Findings
The LD50 of Artemisia herba-alba was found to be 1000 mg/kg. Doses of 100 mg/kg (10% LD50) and 200 mg/kg (20% LD50) were considered in the present study. The oral administration of SHR rats with Artemisia extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg decreased (p < 0.01) the body weights, SBP and serum sodium and potassium. Meanwhile, cardiac superoxide dismutase and gluthatione peroxidase were increased in SHR-treated rats. Histology of SHR cardiac tissues showed tissue degenerative but oral intake of 100 and 200 mg/kg artemisia exhibited normal muscle fibers, acidophilic cytoplasm and central nuclei.
Originality/value
The cardiovascular diseases are the first reason for high death rate in Western countries and collapsing economies due to hypertensive patients suffering high health-care costs. The advantage of hypertension Herba l treatment occurred due to its cheap and available source. Artemisia herba-alba leaves restored SBP, attenuated serum sodium/potassium levels and prevented cardiac oxidative stress in SHR.
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Antidiarrheal and protein conservative activities of Psidium guajava in diarrheal rats. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 17:57-65. [PMID: 30555015 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psidium guajava occurs worldwide in tropical and subtropical areas. It has been used to treat inflammation, diabetes, fever, hypertension and ulcers. However, its antidiarrheal and protein conservative activities still need to be investigated. METHODS Fifty-four male rats were divided into normal and diarrheal rats. The normal rats were divided into 4 groups: control, low-dose P. guajava leaf extract (50 mg/kg), high-dose P. guajava leaf extract (100 mg/kg) and gallic acid. Treatments were administrated orally in 1 mL saline for a 1-month period. The diarrheal rats were divided into 5 groups: desmopressin (0.2 mg/kg) drug, low-dose P. guajava leaf extract (50 mg/kg), high-dose P. guajava leaf extract (100 mg/kg), gallic acid and an untreated control. Doses were given daily for a 1-month period while the untreated control received no treatment. RESULTS Diarrhea was responsible for an observed decline in kidney weight and serum sodium, potassium and chloride. Further, diarrhea was positively correlated with a significant increase in urine volume, and excretion of electrolytes, serum urea, creatinine and uric acid in the urine. In contrast, there was a proportional increase in the lipid peroxidation value in diarrhea and a significant decline was observed in serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione levels in diarrhea. Also, diarrhea inhibited blood proteins. The oral intake of P. guajava leaf extract by diarrheal rats restored all of these parameters to near normal levels. High-dose P. guajava leaf extract was more effective than the same compound at a low dose. CONCLUSION P. guajava leaf extract elicited antidiarrheal and protein conservative effects.
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Optimized and validated spectrophotometric determination of two antifungal drugs in pharmaceutical formulations using an ion-pair complexation reaction. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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CHAVADA VD, BHATT NM, SANYAL M, SHRIVASTAV PS. Simultaneous determination of azithromycin and levofloxacin in pharmaceuticals by charge transfer complexation with alizarin red S using an absorption-factor method. Turk J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.3906/kim-1703-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Koriem KMM, Arbid MS. Role of caftaric acid in lead-associated nephrotoxicity in rats via antidiuretic, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 15:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2017-0024/jcim-2017-0024.xml. [PMID: 29148979 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Lead is a toxic metal that is widely distributed in the environment where caftaric acid (CA) is the ester form of caffeic acid where CA is the major dietary polyphenol present in various foods and beverages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CA in lead acetate (LA)-associated nephrotoxicity through antidiuretic, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. Methods Forty-eight male albino rats divided into six equal groups; group 1 control injected intraperitoneally (ip) with saline (1 mL/kg of bw) over two weeks period, group 2 injected ip with CA (80 mg/kg of bw) over two weeks period, groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 injected ip with 100 μmol/kg of bw LA over two weeks period where groups 4, 5 & 6 co-injected ip with 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) drug (1 mg/kg of bw), CA (40 mg/kg of bw), and CA (80 mg/kg of bw), respectively. Results The results obtained revealed that LA induced a significant decrease in kidney weight and serum sodium, potassium and chloride, but caused a significant increase in urinary volume, urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride, serum urea, creatinine and uric acid. The LA also caused a significant decrease in kidney superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and induced a significant decrease in glutathione level while caused an increase in lipid peroxidation level. In addition, LA caused a decrease in p53 expression while induced an increase in bcl-2 expression in the kidney tissues. Co-injection of CA to LA-treated group restored all the above parameters to approach the normal values. The results supported with histopathological examinations. Conclusions In conclusion, the effect of CA on LA-related nephrotoxicity was occurred through antidiuretic, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic activities where the effect of CA was dose dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M M Koriem
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, P. O. Box 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Arbid
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Abd El-Hay SS, El-Mammli MY, Shalaby AA. Determination of clemastine hydrogen fumarate, desloratadine, losartan potassium and moxepril HCl through binary complex formation with eosin. ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Asgharinezhad AA, Mollazadeh N, Ebrahimzadeh H, Mirbabaei F, Shekari N. Magnetic nanoparticles based dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction as a novel technique for coextraction of acidic and basic drugs from biological fluids and waste water. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1338:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kishk SM, Salama I, Mostafa S, El-Sadek M. STABILITY-INDICATING CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BENZONATATE, DIPHENHYDRAMINE, GUAIFENESIN, AND PHENYLEPHRINE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.758140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Safaa M. Kishk
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Ismail Salama
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Samia Mostafa
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sadek
- b Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
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Chelidonium majus leaves methanol extract and its chelidonine alkaloid ingredient reduce cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Nat Med 2012; 67:159-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Potentiometric determination of antihistaminic diphenhydramine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids using screen-printed electrode. Bioelectrochemistry 2011; 82:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dönmez ÖA, Aşçı B, Bozdoğan A, Sungur S. Simultaneous determination of potassium guaiacolsulfonate, guaifenesin, diphenhydramine HCl and carbetapentane citrate in syrups by using HPLC-DAD coupled with partial least squares multivariate calibration. Talanta 2011; 83:1601-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Orlandini S, Giannini I, Navarro MV, Pinzauti S, Furlanetto S. Dual CD system-modified MEEKC method for the determination of clemastine and its impurities. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3296-304. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ulu ST, Elmali FT. Spectrophotometric method for the determination, validation, spectroscopic and thermal analysis of diphenhydramine in pharmaceutical preparation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 77:324-329. [PMID: 20621611 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, simple and rapid spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of diphenhydramine in pharmaceutical preparation. The method was based on the charge-transfer complex of the drug, as n-electron donor, with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ), as pi-acceptor. The formation of this complex was also confirmed by UV-vis, FTIR and (1)H NMR spectra techniques and thermal analysis. The proposed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines with respect to linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, recovery and robustness. The linearity range for concentrations of diphenhydramine was found to be 12.5-150 microg/mL with acceptable correlation coefficients. The detection and quantification limits were found to be 2.09 and 6.27 microg/mL, respectively. The proposed and references methods were applied to the determination of drug in syrup. This preparation were also analyzed with an reference method and statistical comparison by t- and F-tests revealed that there was no significant difference between the results of the two methods with respect to mean values and standard deviations at the 95% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Tatar Ulu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34416 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Önal A. Spectrophotometric and HPLC determinations of anti-diabetic drugs, rosiglitazone maleate and metformin hydrochloride, in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:4998-5005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Baraka MM, El-Sadek M, Moussa EMM, Abd-Alaty NMA. Spectrophotometric and Atomic Absorption Determination of Ramipril, Enalapril Maleate and Fosinopril through Ternary Complex Formation with Molybdenum (V)-Thiocyanate (Mo(V)-SCN). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:1521-7. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed El-Sadek
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University
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