Spectrophotometric determination of perphenazine with the detection system of potassium ferricyanide-Fe(III) in pharmaceutical and serum samples

Determination of Iron Valence States Around Pits and the Influence of Fe3+ on the Pitting Corrosion of 304 Stainless Steel

Potassium ferricyanide and potassium ferrocyanide were used to observe and monitor the pitting corrosion of 304 stainless steel (SS) at anodic polarization in situ. The results show that there are Fe³⁺ ions around the corrosion pit when pitting occurs on 304 SS in NaCl aqueous solution. The effect of Fe³⁺ surrounded pits on the pitting corrosion was also studied by testing the electrochemical behavior of 304 SS in different Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ solutions. The presence of Fe³⁺ leads to the positive shift of corrosion potential and the increase of corrosion rate of 304 SS. There are two possible reasons for this phenomenon. On the one hand, Fe³⁺ hydrolysis results in the decrease of pH value of solution. At the same iron ion concentration, the higher the Fe³⁺ ion concentration, the lower the solution pH value. On the other hand, Fe³⁺ may reduce on the electrode surface. The decrease of solution pH and the reduction of Fe³⁺ resulted in the acceleration of the corrosion rate.

The quantitative determination of Perphenazine in tablets by the spectrophotometric method as its sulfoxide obtained with diperoxyazelaic acid

The oxidative derivatization method using diperoxyazelaic acid for the indirect spectrophotometric determination of Perphenazine dihydrochloride is presented. Diperoxyazelaic acid is introduced as a derivatizing agent for Perphenazine, yielding sulfoxides. This reaction product was successfully employed for the spectrophotometric determination of Perphenazine dihydrochloride. The UV spectroscopic detection of sulfoxide has been proven to be the more robust and selective. The method developed allowed determination of Perphenazine dihydrochloride in the concentration range of 1–40 µg/mL. The limits of quantification (LOQ=10S) is 3.3 µg·ml-1. A new spectrophotometric method has been developed, and the possibility of the quantitative determination of Perphenazine dihydrochloride in Perphenazine Tablets has been demonstrated. The present method is precise, accurate and other inactive excipients of the drug do not interfere. RSD = 2.00%; δ=( -µ) 100%/µ = – 0.85 %).

Recent configurations and progressive uses of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for drug analysis

Since the introduction of the molecularly imprinting technology (MIT) in the 1970s, it becomes an emerging technology with the potential for wide-ranging applications in drug determination. With the rise of green chemistry, many researchers began to focus on the application and development of green materials which led to the breakthrough of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in the green chemistry. Because of the low concentration levels in the human matrices, almost adequate analytical methods should be used for quantification of drugs at the trace levels. In recent years there have been reported benefits of combining MIPs with additional features, e.g. magnetic properties, through the build-up of this type of material on magnetite particles. Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) is a new material which is composed of magnetic material and non-magnetic polymer material and shares the characteristics of high adsorption capacity to template molecule, special selective recognition ability, and the magnetic adsorption property. These materials have been widely used in the different fields such as chemical, biological and medical science. This review describes the novel configurations and progressive applications of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers to the drug analysis. Also, the advantages and drawbacks of each methodology, as well as the future expected trends, are evaluated.

Piperazine scaffold: A remarkable tool in generation of diverse pharmacological agents

Piperazine is one of the most sought heterocyclics for the development of new drug candidates. This ring can be traced in a number of well established, commercially available drugs. Wide array of pharmacological activities exhibited by piperazine derivatives have made them indispensable anchors for the development of novel therapeutic agents. The review herein highlights the therapeutic significance of piperazine derivatives. Various therapeutically active piperazine derivatives developed by several chemists are reported here.

Electrooxidation and determination of perphenazine on a graphene oxide nanosheet-modified electrode

The electrochemical behavior of perphenazine was investigated on a graphene oxide nanosheet-modified glassy carbon electrode in a phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4.

Highly sensitive determination of perphenazine on a carbon nanocomposite ionic liquid electrode

A multi-walled carbon nanotube–ionic liquid nanocomposite was fabricated for the electrochemical detection of perphenazine, suitable for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and blood serum samples.