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Naz R, Saqib F, Awadallah S, Wahid M, Latif MF, Iqbal I, Mubarak MS. Food Polyphenols and Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacology and Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103996. [PMID: 37241737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus and its related complications are growing public health problems. Many natural products present in our diet, including polyphenols, can be used in treating and managing type II diabetes mellitus and different diseases, owing to their numerous biological properties. Anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, curcuminoids, hesperidin, hesperetin, naringenin, and phenolic acids are common polyphenols found in blueberries, chokeberries, sea-buckthorn, mulberries, turmeric, citrus fruits, and cereals. These compounds exhibit antidiabetic effects through different pathways. Accordingly, this review presents an overview of the most recent developments in using food polyphenols for managing and treating type II diabetes mellitus, along with various mechanisms. In addition, the present work summarizes the literature about the anti-diabetic effect of food polyphenols and evaluates their potential as complementary or alternative medicines to treat type II diabetes mellitus. Results obtained from this survey show that anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, curcuminoids, and phenolic acids can manage diabetes mellitus by protecting pancreatic β-cells against glucose toxicity, promoting β-cell proliferation, reducing β-cell apoptosis, and inhibiting α-glucosidases or α-amylase. In addition, these phenolic compounds exhibit antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities, modulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, optimize oxidative stress, reduce insulin resistance, and stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin. They also activate insulin signaling and inhibit digestive enzymes, regulate intestinal microbiota, improve adipose tissue metabolism, inhibit glucose absorption, and inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products. However, insufficient data are available on the effective mechanisms necessary to manage diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Naz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Samir Awadallah
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhaj Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Iram Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
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Aggarwal S, Ikram S. Zinc oxide nanoparticles-impregnated chitosan surfaces for covalent immobilization of trypsin: Stability & kinetic studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:205-221. [PMID: 35259431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin (Try, EC. 3.4.21.4) was effectively immobilized on the surface of glutaraldehyde(GA)-activated ZnO/Chitosan nanocomposite through covalent attachment via Schiff-base linkages. Size, structure, surface morphology, & percentage elemental composition of the prepared ZnO nanoparticles and chitosan-coated ZnO nanocomposite were studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis (EDAX) techniques. Optimal immobilization conditions (incubation time (16 h), enzyme concentration (1.8 mg/ml), and pH (7.8)) were investigated to obtain the maximum expressed activity of the immobilized trypsin. Immobilized & solubilized trypsin exhibited the optimum catalytic activity at pH 8.5, 60 °C, and pH 7.8, 45 °C respectively. Kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax) of immobilized (27.12 μM, 8.82 μM/min) & free trypsin (25.76 μM, 4.16 μM/min) were determined, indicating that efficiency of trypsin improves after immobilization. Immobilized trypsin preserved 67% of initial activity at 50 °C during 2 h of incubation & sustained nearly 50% of catalytic activity until the 9th repeated cycle of utilization. Moreover, immobilized trypsin retained 50% of enzymatic activity after 90 days of storage at 4 °C. Hence, the current findings suggest that ZnO/Chitosan-GA-Trypsin would be a promising biocatalyst for large-scale biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Aggarwal
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saiqa Ikram
- Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Baghban HN, Hasanzadeh M, Liu Y, Seidi F. A portable colorimetric chemosensing regime for ractopamine in chicken samples using μPCD decorated by silver nanoprisms. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25675-25686. [PMID: 36199355 PMCID: PMC9455769 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04793d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the use of ractopamine (RAC), originally synthesized for the treatment of respiratory diseases, is on the rise as a dietary supplement in animals. The excessive use of RAC has some adverse effects on human health. Hence, the demand for simple, easy-to-use, and expendable devices for RAC recognition, even in remote areas, is felt more than ever before. This need prompted us to devise a straightforward colorimetric system for RAC recognition based on the etching effect of RAC on AgNPrs. This nanoprobe is a very advanced materials with great optical properties and stability, which could be used unprecedentedly without any combination or reagents for RAC recognition. Considering the needs and advantages, a simple colorimetric chemosensor for the quantification of RAC was designed and applied to a chicken sample. The designed chemosensor was integrated with an optimized microfluidic paper-based colorimetric device (μPCD), creating a suitable tool for the determination of RAC based on a time/color pattern. The analytical metrics for this simple colorimetric chemosensing regime comprise a best colorimetric LLOQ of 100 μM in solution with 10 μM of μPCD, a spectroscopic LLOQ of 10 nM, and a broad linearity range of 0.1–10 000 μM, which are outstanding compared with other colorimetric techniques. The main remarkable features of this study include the first utilization of AgNPrs with high stability and excellent optical properties without any reagent as an optical sensing probe and optimized μPCD toward RAC recognition and the innovative time/color semi-analytical recognition method. Moreover, the prepared portable μPCD modified with AgNPrs could be a prized candidate for commercialization due to the benefits of the low-cost materials used, like paper and paraffin, and the simple instructions for μPCD preparation. This report could be a pioneering work, inspiring simple and effective on-site semi-analytical recognition devices for harmful substances or illegal drugs, which simply consist of a piece of lightweight paper and one drop of the required reagent. In recent years the use of ractopamine (RAC), originally synthesized for the treatment of respiratory diseases, is on the rise as a dietary supplement in animals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Navay Baghban
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yuqian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Ren G, Sun H, Li G, Fan J, Du L, Cui G. Interaction mechanism of aloe-emodin with trypsin: molecular structure-affinity relationship and effect on biological activities. RSC Adv 2020; 10:20862-20871. [PMID: 35517743 PMCID: PMC9054315 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02712j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of interaction between aloe-emodin (AE) and trypsin was investigated, exhibiting remarkable outcomes. To detect the interaction mechanism, the binding of AE with trypsin was examined by a multi-spectroscopy and molecular docking method. Results showed that the binding of AE and trypsin would lead to static quenching and their binding forces were van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. The results of simultaneous and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the combination of AE and trypsin caused changes in the microenvironment around the trypsin fluorophore, which might change the spatial structure of trypsin. FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the contents of α-helix and β-turn in trypsin were decreased and the contents of β-sheet, random coil and antiparallel β-sheet were increased. Moreover, all these experimental results were verified and reasonably explained by molecular docking results. We also investigated the enzyme activity of trypsin and the antioxidant activity of AE. The results showed that both the enzyme activity of trypsin and the antioxidant activity of AE were decreased after interaction between AE and trypsin. The findings outlined in this study should elucidate the molecular mechanisms of interaction between AE and trypsin and contribute to making full use of AE in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Ren
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China +86-15937969597.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Material Luoyang 471023 China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Processing and Safety Education Luoyang 471023 China
| | - He Sun
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China +86-15937969597
| | - Gen Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China +86-15937969597
| | - Jinling Fan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China +86-15937969597
| | - Lin Du
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China +86-15937969597
| | - Guoting Cui
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China +86-15937969597
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Popov LD, Zubenko AA, Fetisov LN, Drobin YD, Klimenko AI, Bodryakov AN, Borodkin SA, Melkozerova IE. The Synthesis of (1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-yl)Acrylic Acid Derivatives with Antibacterial and Protistocidal Activities. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162018010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Novak I, Klasinc L, McGlynn SP. Photoelectron spectra and biological activity of cinnamic acid derivatives revisited. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 189:129-132. [PMID: 28806697 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structures of several derivatives of cinnamic acid have been studied by UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and Green's function quantum chemical calculations. The spectra reveal the presence of dimers in the gas phase for p-coumaric and ferulic acids. The electronic structure analysis has been related to the biological properties of these compounds through the analysis of some structure-activity relationships (SAR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Novak
- Charles Sturt University, POB 883, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia.
| | - Leo Klasinc
- Physical Chemistry Department, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Ma X, He J, Huang Y, Xiao Y, Wang Q, Li H. Investigation and comparison of the binding between tolvaptan and pepsin and trypsin: Multi-spectroscopic approaches and molecular docking. J Mol Recognit 2016; 30. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangling Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Jiawei He
- College of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Ying Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
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Lu Q, Chen C, Zhao S, Ge F, Liu D. Investigation of the Interaction Between Gallic Acid and α-Amylase by Spectroscopy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1059345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Lu
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chaoyin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shenglan Zhao
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Feng Ge
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Diqiu Liu
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Kang Y, Fei Z, Cao J. The interaction of perfluorooctane sulfonate with hemoglobin: Influence on protein stability. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 254:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li X, Geng M. Probing the binding of procyanidin B3 to trypsin and pepsin: A multi-technique approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:168-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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13
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Vinayagam R, Jayachandran M, Xu B. Antidiabetic Effects of Simple Phenolic Acids: A Comprehensive Review. Phytother Res 2015; 30:184-99. [PMID: 26634804 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a major public health threat across the globe. Current antidiabetic therapies are based on synthetic drugs that very often have side effects. It has been widely acknowledged that diet plays an important role in the management of diabetes. Phenolic acids are widely found in daily foods such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, and wine and they provide biological, medicinal, and health properties. Simple phenolic acids have been shown to increase glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, improve glucose and lipid profiles of certain diseases (obesity, cardiovascular diseases, DM, and its complication). The current review is an attempt to list out the antidiabetic effects of simple phenolic acids from medicinal plants and botanical foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Vinayagam
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519085, China
| | - Muthukumaran Jayachandran
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519085, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519085, China
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Zhang H, Wu P, Zhu Z, Wang Y. Interaction of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with fibrinogen. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 151:40-47. [PMID: 26123604 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article, an attempt is made to analysis the binding mechanism of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with fibrinogen by using a combination of circular dichroism, UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopic and computational methods. The multi-spectroscopic data revealed that the complex easily formed between γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and fibrinogen by mainly hydrogen bonding forces. The binding constants of fibrinogen with γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were 2.24×10(7), 1.15×10(7) and 0.72×10(7)Lmol(-1) at 298, 304, and 310K, respectively. Furthermore, the results from circular dichroism, UV-vis, synchronous fluorescence, and three-dimensional fluorescence studies showed that the strong binding interaction of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with fibrinogen induced an obvious perturbation in the protein secondary and tertiary structure. Moreover, the results of molecular modeling indicated the existence of the preferable binding site on fibrinogen for γ-Fe2O3 NPs model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224002, People's Republic of China
| | - Peirong Wu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Zhu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224002, People's Republic of China.
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Song H, Chen C, Zhao S, Ge F, Liu D, Shi D, Zhang T. Interaction of gallic acid with trypsin analyzed by spectroscopy. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:234-242. [PMID: 28911378 PMCID: PMC9351775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between trypsin and gallic acid (GA) were investigated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, resonance light scattering (RLS) spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, and enzymatic inhibition assay. It was found that GA can cause the fluorescence quenching of trypsin during the process of formation of GA-trypsin complex, resulting in inhibition of trypsin activity (IC50 = 3.9 × 10−6 mol/L). The fluorescence spectroscopic data showed that the quenching efficiency can reach about 80%. The binding constants were 1.9371 × 104 L/mol, 1.8192 × 104 L/mol, and 1.7465 × 104 L/mol at three temperatures, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that hydrogen bonds, van der Waals, hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions were involved in the binding process of GA to trypsin. Molecular modeling studies illustrated a specific display of binding information and explained most of the experiment phenomena. The microenvironments of tryptophan and tyrosine residue in trypsin were changed by the GA. Results indicated that GA was a strong quencher and inhibitor of trypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shenglan Zhao
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Ge
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Diqiu Liu
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiancai Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
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Wang H, Li Q, Deng W, Omari-Siaw E, Wang Q, Wang S, Wang S, Cao X, Xu X, Yu J. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of trans-cinnamic acid: formulation development and pharmacodynamic evaluation in alloxan-induced type 2 diabetic rat model. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:82-93. [PMID: 25847843 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to formulate a self-nanoemulsifying oral drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for the poorly water-soluble trans-Cinnamic acid (t-CA SNEDDS) that could be evaluated for its antihyperglycemic efficacy in comparison to the parent t-CA in an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model. A SNEDDS formulation consisting of 60% surfactant (Kolliphor EL), 10% co-surfactant (PEG 400) and 30% oil (isopropyl myristate) proved to be optimal. t-CA SNEDDS (80 mg/kg, p.o.), t-CA suspension (80 mg/kg, p.o.), and Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets (230 mg/kg, p.o.) were administer qdfor 30 days to diabetic rats. After treatment the body weight of diabetic rats was increased, blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, and triglyceride in the serum tended to be normalized, while the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were markedly decreased. The effects of t-CA SNEDDS were superior to that of the t-CA suspension. The present study demonstrated that t-CA was effective in attenuating the effects of alloxan treatment and that t-CA SNEDDS with a more favorable absorption and enhanced bioavailability is more effective than t-CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Zhang G, Wang L. Potential toxicity of phthalic acid esters plasticizer: interaction of dimethyl phthalate with trypsin in vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:75-84. [PMID: 25496445 DOI: 10.1021/jf5046359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is widely used as a plasticizer in industrial processes and has been reported to possess potential toxicity to the human body. In this study, the interaction between DMP and trypsin in vitro was investigated. The results of fluorescence, UV–vis, circular dichroism, and Fourier transform infrared spectra along with cyclic voltammetric measurements indicated that the remarkable fluorescence quenching and conformational changes of trypsin resulted from the formation of a DMP–trypsin complex, which was driven mainly by hydrophobic interactions. The molecular docking and trypsin activity assay showed that DMP primarily interacted with the catalytic triad of trypsin and led to the inhibition of trypsin activity. The dimensions of the individual trypsin molecules were found to become larger after binding with DMP by atomic force microscopy imaging. This study offers a comprehensive picture of DMP–trypsin interaction, which is expected to provide insights into the toxicological effect of DMP.
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Kaur G, Tripathi SK. Investigation of trypsin-CdSe quantum dot interactions via spectroscopic methods and effects on enzymatic activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 134:173-183. [PMID: 25011044 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the interactions between trypsin and water soluble cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots investigated by spectrophotometric methods. CdSe quantum dots have strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of trypsin by a static quenching mechanism. The quenching has been studied at three different temperatures where the results revealed that electrostatic interactions exist between CdSe quantum dots and trypsin and are responsible to stabilize the complex. The Scatchard plot from quenching revealed 1 binding site for quantum dots by trypsin, the same has been confirmed by making isothermal titrations of quantum dots against trypsin. The distance between donor and acceptor for trypsin-CdSe quantum dot complexes is calculated to be 2.8 nm by energy transfer mechanisms. The intrinsic fluorescence of CdSe quantum dots has also been enhanced by the trypsin, and is linear for concentration of trypsin ranging 1-80 μl. All the observations evidence the formation of trypsin-CdSe quantum dot conjugates, where trypsin retains the enzymatic activity which in turn is temperature and pH dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurvir Kaur
- Centre of Advanced Study in Physics, Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S K Tripathi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Physics, Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Li X, Yang Z. Dissection of the binding ofl-ascorbic acid to trypsin and pepsin using isothermal titration calorimetry, equilibrium microdialysis and spectrofluorimetry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02592c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear and quantitative information on the nature ofl-ascorbic acid interaction with trypsin/pepsin should provide a firm base for its rational use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Li
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Basic Medicine
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Basic Medicine
- Xinxiang Medical University
- Xinxiang
- P. R. China
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Wang YQ, Zhang HM, Cao J. Quest for the binding mode of tetrabromobisphenol A with Calf thymus DNA. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 131:109-113. [PMID: 24830628 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The binding interaction of tetrabromobisphenol A with Calf thymus DNA was studied by multi-spectroscopic and molecular modeling methods. The UV-vis study revealed that an obvious interaction between tetrabromobisphenol A and Calf thymus DNA happened. The π-π(∗) transitions and the electron cloud of tetrabromobisphenol A might be changed by entering the groove of Calf thymus DNA. From the fluorescence spectral and thermodynamics studies, it was concluded that the hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic force played a major role in the binding of tetrabromobisphenol A to Calf thymus DNA. The molecular modeling study showed that the possible sites of tetrabromobisphenol A in the groove of DNA. Circular dichroism study also depicted that tetrabromobisphenol A bond to DNA. These above results would further advance our knowledge on the molecular mechanism of the binding interactions of brominated flame-retardants with nucleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qing Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Cao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224002, People's Republic of China
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Wu X, He J, Xu H, Bi K, Li Q. Quality assessment of Cinnamomi Ramulus by the simultaneous analysis of multiple active components using high-performance thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2490-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Jiao He
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Huarong Xu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
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