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Mishra S, Gantayat S, Dhara C, Bhatt A, Singh M, Vijayakumar S, Rajput M. Advances in bioinspired nanomaterials managing microbial biofilms and virulence: A critical analysis. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106738. [PMID: 38857710 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Microbial virulence and biofilm formation stand as a big concern against the goal of achieving a green and sustainable future. Microbial pathogenesis is the process by which the microbes (bacterial, fungal, and viral) cause illness in their respective host organism. 'Nanotechnology' is a state-of-art discipline to address this problem. The use of conventional techniques against microbial proliferation has been challenging against the environment. To tackle this problem, there has been a revolution in this multi-disciplinary field, to address the aspect of bioinspired nanomaterials in the antibiofilm and antimicrobial sector. Bioinspired nanomaterials prove to be a potential antibiofilm and antimicrobial agent as they are non-hazardous to the environment and mostly synthesized using a single-step reduction protocol. They exhibit synergistic effects against bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens and thereby, control the virulence. In this literature review, we have elucidated the potential of bioinspired nanoparticles as well as nanomaterials as a promising anti-microbial treatment pedagogy and throw light on the advancements in how smart photo-switchable platforms have been designed to exhibit both bacterial releasing as well as bacterial-killing properties. Certain limitations and possible outcomes of these bio-based nanomaterials have been discussed in the hope of achieving a green and sustainable ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Mishra
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna-Palwal Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India.
| | - Saumyatika Gantayat
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna-Palwal Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Chandrajeet Dhara
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna-Palwal Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Ayush Bhatt
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Sohna-Palwal Road, Gurugram, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Monika Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O., Chandanwari, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Sekar Vijayakumar
- Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China, 264209
| | - Minakshi Rajput
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O., Chandanwari, Dehradun, 248007, India; Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249404, India.
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Tungare K, Gupta J, Bhori M, Garse S, Kadam A, Jha P, Jobby R, Amanullah M, Vijayakumar S. Nanomaterial in controlling biofilms and virulence of microbial pathogens. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106722. [PMID: 38815775 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a grave concern to global public health, exacerbated by the alarming shortage of effective antibiotics in the pipeline. Biofilms, intricate populations of bacteria encased in self-produced matrices, pose a significant challenge to treatment, as they enhance resistance to antibiotics and contribute to the persistence of organisms. Amid these challenges, nanotechnology emerges as a promising domain in the fight against biofilms. Nanomaterials, with their unique properties at the nanoscale, offer innovative antibacterial modalities not present in traditional defensive mechanisms. This comprehensive review focuses on the potential of nanotechnology in combating biofilms, focusing on green-synthesized nanoparticles and their associated anti-biofilm potential. The review encompasses various aspects of nanoparticle-mediated biofilm inhibition, including mechanisms of action. The diverse mechanisms of action of green-synthesized nanoparticles offer valuable insights into their potential applications in addressing AMR and improving treatment outcomes, highlighting novel strategies in the ongoing battle against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchanlata Tungare
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D Y Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, Plot no 50, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, 400614, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Juhi Gupta
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D Y Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, Plot no 50, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, 400614, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mustansir Bhori
- Inveniolife Technology PVT LTD, Office No.118, Grow More Tower, Plot No.5, Sector 2, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410210, India
| | - Samiksha Garse
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D Y Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, Plot no 50, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, 400614, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aayushi Kadam
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada; Anatek Services PVT LTD, 10, Sai Chamber, Near Santacruz Railway Bridge, Sen Nagar, Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400055, India
| | - Pamela Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS Deemed to be University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Renitta Jobby
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India; Amity Centre of Excellence in Astrobiology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India
| | - Mohammed Amanullah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, 61421
| | - Sekar Vijayakumar
- Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China
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Alghamdi RA, Al-Zahrani MH, Altarjami LR, Al Abdulmonem W, Samir N, Said A, Shami AA, Mohamed WS, Ezzeldien M. Biogenic Zinc oxide nanoparticles from Celosia argentea: toward improved antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1283898. [PMID: 38162186 PMCID: PMC10757369 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1283898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Biogenic Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized from Celosia argentea (C. argentea) plant extract. Structural analysis confirms the successful synthesis of biogenic zinc oxide NPs from C. argentea extract. The biogenic ZnO NPs have an average particle size of 21.55 ± 4.73 nm, a semispherical shape, and a specific surface area of about 50 m2/g. The biogenic ZnO NPs have a powerful radical scavenging activity (Ic50 = 91.24 mg/ml) comparable to ascorbic acid (ASC) as a standard (Ic50 = 14.37 mg/ml). The antibacterial efficacy was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using an agar disc diffusion method. Gram-positive strains with biogenic ZnO NPs have a greater bactericidal impact than gram-negative strains in a concentration-dependent manner. Anticancer activity against Liver hepatocellular cells (HepG2) and Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was evaluated using a [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. The results reflect the concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect of biogenic ZnO NPs against HepG2 cells even at low concentrations (Ic50 = 49.45 μg/ml) compared with doxorubicin (Ic50 = 14.67 μg/ml) and C. argentea extract (Ic50 = 112.24 μg/ml). The cell cycle and gene expression were analyzed to determine the potential anticancer mechanism. The flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle revealed that biogenic ZnO NPs induce oxidative stress that activates the apoptotic genes NF-κB, CY-C, and P53, leading to cell death. The Celosia argentea improved the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of ZnO NPs without altering their structural properties. The effect of green synthesis on the bioactivity of biogenic ZnO NPs in vivo is recommended for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lamaia R. Altarjami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Samir
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Alaa Said
- Electronic and Nano Devises Lab, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ashjan A. Shami
- Department of clinical laboratory sciences, College of applied medical sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - W. S. Mohamed
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ezzeldien
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Al-Jouf, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Metallurgy and Material Science Tests Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Matei E, Șăulean AA, Râpă M, Constandache A, Predescu AM, Coman G, Berbecaru AC, Predescu C. ZnO nanostructured matrix as nexus catalysts for the removal of emerging pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:114779-114821. [PMID: 37919505 PMCID: PMC10682326 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution stands as a pressing global environmental concern, elevating the significance of innovative, dependable, and sustainable solutions. This study represents an extensive review of the use of photocatalytic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for the removal of emerging pollutants from water and wastewater. The study examines ZnO NPs' different preparation methods, including physical, chemical, and green synthesis, and emphasizes on advantages, disadvantages, preparation factors, and investigation methods for the structural and morphological properties. ZnO NPs demonstrate remarkable properties as photocatalysts; however, their small dimensions pose an issue, leading to potential post-use environmental losses. A strategy to overcome this challenge is scaling up ZnO NP matrices for enhanced stability and efficiency. The paper introduces novel ZnO NP composites, by incorporating supports like carbon and clay that serve as photocatalysts in the removal of emerging pollutants from water and wastewater. In essence, this research underscores the urgency of finding innovative, efficient, and eco-friendly solutions for the removal of emerging pollutants from wastewater and highlights the high removal efficiencies obtained when using ZnO NPs obtained from green synthesis as a photocatalyst. Future research should be developed on the cost-benefit analysis regarding the preparation methods, treatment processes, and value-added product regeneration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecaterina Matei
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Andreea Șăulean
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Maria Râpă
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Constandache
- Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andra Mihaela Predescu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Coman
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Constantin Berbecaru
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Predescu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
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Fernandes C, Jesudoss M N, Nizam A, Krishna SBN, Lakshmaiah VV. Biogenic Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Mediated by the Extract of Terminalia catappa Fruit Pericarp and Its Multifaceted Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39315-39328. [PMID: 37901498 PMCID: PMC10601049 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were biosynthesized by using the pericarp aqueous extract from Terminalia catappa Linn. These NPs were characterized using various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and XRD studies of the nanoparticles reported mean size as 12.58 nm nanocrystals with highest purity. Further SEM analysis emphasized the nanoparticles to be spherical in shape. The functional groups responsible for capping and stabilizing the NPs were identified with FTIR studies. DLS studies of the synthesized NPs reported ζ potential as -10.1 mV and exhibited stable colloidal solution. These characterized ZnO-NPs were evaluated for various biological applications such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, genotoxic, biocompatibility, and larvicidal studies. To explore its multidimensional application in the field of medicine. NPs reported a potential antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 200 μg/mL against bacterial strains in the decreasing order of Streptococcus pyogenes > Streptococcus aureus > Streptococcus typhi > Streptococcus aeruginosa and against the fungi Candida albicans. In vitro studies of RBC hemolysis with varying concentrations of NPs confirm their biocompatibility with IC50 value of 211.4 μg/mL. The synthesized NPs' DPPH free radical scavenging activity was examined to extend their antioxidant applications. The antiproliferation and genetic toxicity were studied with meristematic cells of Allium cepa reported with mitotic index (MI index) of 1.2% at the concentration of 1000 μg/mL. NPs exhibited excellent Larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae with the highest mortality rate as 98% at 4 mg/L. Our findings elicit the therapeutic potentials of the synthesized zinc oxide NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cannon
Antony Fernandes
- Department
of Life Sciences. CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India
| | - Nameeta Jesudoss M
- Department
of Life Sciences. CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India
| | - Aatika Nizam
- Department
of Chemistry. CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India
| | - Suresh Babu Naidu Krishna
- Department
of Biomedical and Clinical Technology. Durban
University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Elgazzar E, Ayoub HA, El-Wahab ZA, Mostafa WA. Integration of ZnO nanorods with silver ions by a facile co-precipitation for antimicrobial, larvicidal, and ovicidal activity. BMC Biotechnol 2023; 23:23. [PMID: 37474922 PMCID: PMC10360336 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases prompted by micro-organisms such as fungi, parasites, or microbes, have influenced many countries' public health causing death. Scientists declared that metal oxide composites have various advantages in the medical field such as the antimicrobial feature has freshly been revealed as well as its role in suppressing mosquito population. METHODS In this work silver doped zinc oxide nanorods (Ag/ZnO NRs, 10 wt.%) were prepared by simple chemical route, and their microstructural characteristics were investigated by XRD, EDX, SEM, and TEM techniques. The antimicrobial, larvicidal, and ovicidal of the synthesized nanocomposites were examined. RESULTS The synthesized nanocomposite exhibited binary phase of crystallite size 112 nm was calculated from Williamson-Hall method. EDX spectrum revealed the purity of the composite consists of Zn, O, and Ag elements. The SEM and TEM micrographs showed the particles in nanorods with high density on the surface. The energy gap [Formula: see text] was evaluated from the UV-Vis absorbance in the range from 2.90 [Formula: see text] 3.08 eV inside the visible spectrum. The antimicrobial activity of the nanorods was examined against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) with inhibition zones 10.5 and 14.5 mm, respectively. Whereas gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were 14 and 17 mm, respectively. Further, Candida albicans was investigated with inhibition zone 7.5 mm. Besides, the insecticidal impact of the nanocomposite against Culex pipiens larvae was performed at 30 mg/l causing 100% larval mortality with LC50 (11.78 mg/l). The micrograph images showed deformations in the larval body as well as egg resulting in zero egg hatchability. CONCLUSION The findings approved that synthesized nanorods have a significant impact on controlling pathogens that impart different diseases to humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed Elgazzar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - H A Ayoub
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Z A El-Wahab
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Wageha A Mostafa
- Entomology Section, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig Universiry, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Yassin MT, Elgorban AM, Al-Askar AA, Sholkamy EN, Ameen F, Maniah K. Synergistic Anticandidal Activities of Greenly Synthesized ZnO Nanomaterials with Commercial Antifungal Agents against Candidal Infections. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14010209. [PMID: 36677271 PMCID: PMC9865458 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The high occurrence of mycological resistance to conventional antifungal agents results in significant illness and death rates among immunodeficient patients. In addition, the underprivileged therapeutic results of conventional antifungal agents, besides the potential toxicity resulting from long term therapy necessitate the fabrication of efficient antimicrobial combinations. Hence, the objective of the present investigation is to synthesize, characterize and investigate the anticandidal action of green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) formulated using Camellia sinensis leaf extract against three candidal pathogens. The eco-friendly synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized utilizing different physicochemical methods and their anticandidal potency was tested utilizing a disk diffusion assay. In this setting, the size of the biofabricated ZnO-NPs was detected using transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs, recording an average particle size of 19.380 ± 2.14 nm. In addition, zeta potential analysis revealed that the ZnO-NPs surface charge was -4.72 mV. The biogenic ZnO-NPs reveal the highest anticandidal activity against the C. tropicalis strain, demonstrating relative suppressive zones measured at 35.16 ± 0.13 and 37.87 ± 0.24 mm in diameter for ZnO-NPs concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/disk, respectively. Excitingly, Candida glabrata showed a high susceptibility to the biofabricated ZnO nanomaterials at both ZnO-NPs' concentrations (50 and 100 μg/disk) compared to the control. Moreover, the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs revealed potential synergistic effectiveness with nystatin and terbinafine antifungal agents against the concerned strains. The maximum synergistic efficiency was noticed against the C. glabrata strain, demonstrating relative synergistic percentages of 23.02 and 45.9%, respectively. The biogenic ZnO-NPs revealed no hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes revealing their biosafety and hemocompatibility. Finally, the high anticandidal effectiveness of biogenic ZnO-NPs against the concerned candidal pathogens, as well as potential synergistic patterns with conventional antifungal agents such as nystatin and terbinafine, emphasize the prospective application of these combinations for the fabrication of biocompatible and highly efficient antifungal agents.
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Radwan AA, Darwesh OM, Emam MT, Mohamed KA, Shady HMA. A combined treatment of Proteinase K and biosynthesized ZnO-NPs for eradication of dairy biofilm of sporeformers. AIMS Microbiol 2022; 8:507-527. [PMID: 36694584 PMCID: PMC9834087 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms of sporeformers found in the dairy industry are the major contaminants during processing, as they withstand heat and chemical treatment that are used to control microbes. The present work is aimed to remove these resistant forms of bacterial community (biofilm) present in dairy production lines using ecofriendly agents based on proteinase K (Prot-K) coupled with Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Some metal/metal oxide (Ag, CuO and ZnO) NPs were prepared microbially, and ZnO-NPs were characterized as the most effective ones among them. The produced ZnO-NPs were 15-25 nm in size with spherical shape, and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of proteins and alkanes surrounding particles as capping agents. Application of Prot-K for eradication (removal) of a model biofilm of mixed sporeformers on food-grade stainless steel resulted in an 83% reduction in the absorbance of crystal violet-stained biofilm. When Prot-K was mixed with the biosynthesized NPs ZnO_G240, the reduction increased to 99.19%. This finding could contribute to an efficient cleaning approach combined with CIP to remove the recalcitrant biofilms in dairy production lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Radwan
- Genetics and Cytology Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Darwesh
- Agricultural Microbiology Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622, Egypt,* Correspondence: , ; Tel: +201155265558
| | - Maha T. Emam
- Genetics and Cytology Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Karima A. Mohamed
- Genetics and Cytology Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hala M. Abu Shady
- Microbiology Dept., Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University Cairo, Egypt
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Palliative effect of Moringa olifera-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles against acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 171:113537. [PMID: 36442736 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Repeated acrylamide (ACR) exposure in experimental animals and humans causes variable degrees of neuronal damage. Because of its unique features, several green synthesized nanomaterials are explored for neuromodulatory activity. Hence, this study investigated the effect of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Moriga olifera leaves extract (MO-ZnONP) against acrylamide (ACR)-induced neurobehavioral and neurotoxic impacts in rat. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were distributed into four groups orally given distilled water, MO-ZnONP (10 mg/kg b.wt), ACR (20 mg/kg b.wt), or MO-ZnONP + ACR for 60 days. Gait quality and muscular, motor, and sensory function were assessed. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), dopamine, catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Zn brain contents were determined. Brain histopathology and immunohistochemical localization of the amyloid-β protein and abnormal Tau were performed. The results revealed that MO-ZnONP significantly reduced ACR-induced sensory dysfunctions, hind limb abnormality, and motor deficits. Additionally, the ACR-induced increase in dopamine and AChE were significantly supressed by MO-ZnONP. Besides, MO-ZnONP significantly restored catalase and Zn content but reduced increased MDA brain content resulting from ACR. Furthermore, the ACR-induced neurodegenerative changes and increased amyloid-β and phosphorylated Tau immunoexpression was significantly abolished by MO-ZnONP. Conclusively, MO-ZnONP could be used as a biologically effective compound for mitigating ACR's neurotoxic and neurobehavioral effects.
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Tabasum H, Bhat BA, Sheikh BA, Mehta VN, Rohit JV. Emerging perspectives of plant-derived nanoparticles as effective antimicrobial agents. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kumari M, Sarkar B, Mukherjee K. Nanoscale calcium oxide and its biomedical applications: A comprehensive review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bio-fabricated zinc oxide and cry protein nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, potentiality against Zika, malaria and West Nile virus vector's larvae and their impact on non-target organisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:699-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Bioflavonoid Rutin: Characterisation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities and In Vivo Cytotoxic Effects on Artemia Nauplii. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101853. [PMID: 36290575 PMCID: PMC9598060 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to synthesise zinc oxide nanoparticles with rutin (ZnO-R NPs) using a green synthesis approach and characterise the nanostructures for diverse biomedical applications. In this study, the optical and chemical properties of synthesised ZnO-R NPs were verified through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The FTIR spectroscopy revealed a symmetric bending vibration peak of 460 cm−1 for ZnO-R NPs, whereas UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a distinct absorption band at 395 nm. Moreover, the oval-shaped morphology of ZnO-R NPs was verified through scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The synthesised nanoformulation revealed a wurtzite structure with a crystallite size of 13.22 nm; however, the zeta potential value was recorded as −8.50 ± 0.46 mV for ZnO-R NPs. According to an antioxidant study, ZnO-R NPs demonstrated lower free-radical scavenging activity than pure rutin. The cytotoxicity study was conducted using a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). In vitro analysis verified that ZnO-R NPs exhibited significantly higher anticancer and microbial growth inhibition activities than standard ZnO NPs (ZnO Std NPs) and pure rutin. In addition, ZnO-R NPs revealed a significantly lower IC50 value than the commercial ZnO Std NPs and pure rutin in MCF-7 cells (16.39 ± 6.03 μg/mL, 27 ± 0.91 μg/mL and 350 ± 30.1 μg/mL, respectively) after 48 h. However, synthesised ZnO-R NPs demonstrated no significant toxicity towards Artemia nauplii. These results highlight the synthesis of rutin-mediated ZnO NPs and their possible chemotherapeutic potential.
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Effective study of antibacterial and anticancer profiling: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis functionalized silver–zinc oxide nanocomposite. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Larvicidal property of the extracts of the seaweeds; Sargassum wightii, S. ilicifolium and Gelidiella acerosa against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Green Derived Zinc Oxide (ZnO) for the Degradation of Dyes from Wastewater and Their Antimicrobial Activity: A Review. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12080833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for eco-friendly synthetic routes that can be used for the development of multifunctional materials, in particular for water treatment, has reinforced the use of plant extracts as replacement solvents in their use as reducing and capping agents during the synthesis of green derived materials. Amongst the various nanoparticles, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) has emerged as one of the preferred candidates for photocatalysis due to its optical properties. Moreover, ZnO has also been reported to possess antimicrobial properties against various bacterial strains such as E. coli and S. aureus. In this review, various types of pollutants including organic dyes and natural pollutants are discussed. The treatment methods that are used to purify wastewater with their limitations are highlighted. The distinguishing properties of ZnO are clearly outlined and defined, not to mention the performance of ZnO as a green derived photocatalyst and an antimicrobial agent, as well. Lastly, an overview is given of the challenges and possible further perspectives.
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17
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A Review on Biogenic Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles and Its Biological Applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Luzala MM, Muanga CK, Kyana J, Safari JB, Zola EN, Mbusa GV, Nuapia YB, Liesse JMI, Nkanga CI, Krause RWM, Balčiūnaitienė A, Memvanga PB. A Critical Review of the Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Green-Synthesized Plant-Based Metallic Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1841. [PMID: 35683697 PMCID: PMC9182092 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) produced by green synthesis using plant extracts have attracted huge interest in the scientific community due to their excellent antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activities. To evaluate these pharmacological properties, several methods or protocols have been successfully developed and implemented. Although these protocols were mostly inspired by the guidelines from national and international regulatory bodies, they suffer from a glaring absence of standardization of the experimental conditions. This situation leads to a lack of reproducibility and comparability of data from different study settings. To minimize these problems, guidelines for the antimicrobial and antibiofilm evaluation of MNPs should be developed by specialists in the field. Being aware of the immensity of the workload and the efforts required to achieve this, we set out to undertake a meticulous literature review of different experimental protocols and laboratory conditions used for the antimicrobial and antibiofilm evaluation of MNPs that could be used as a basis for future guidelines. This review also brings together all the discrepancies resulting from the different experimental designs and emphasizes their impact on the biological activities as well as their interpretation. Finally, the paper proposes a general overview that requires extensive experimental investigations to set the stage for the future development of effective antimicrobial MNPs using green synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam M. Luzala
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (M.M.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.N.Z.); (C.I.N.)
| | - Claude K. Muanga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (M.M.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.N.Z.); (C.I.N.)
| | - Joseph Kyana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani XI B.P. 2012, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Justin B. Safari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Public Health, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu B.P. 570, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhana 6140, South Africa
| | - Eunice N. Zola
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (M.M.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.N.Z.); (C.I.N.)
| | - Grégoire V. Mbusa
- Centre Universitaire de Référence de Surveillance de la Résistance aux Antimicrobiens (CURS-RAM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (G.V.M.); (J.-M.I.L.)
- Laboratory of Experimental and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Yannick B. Nuapia
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
| | - Jean-Marie I. Liesse
- Centre Universitaire de Référence de Surveillance de la Résistance aux Antimicrobiens (CURS-RAM), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (G.V.M.); (J.-M.I.L.)
- Laboratory of Experimental and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Christian I. Nkanga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (M.M.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.N.Z.); (C.I.N.)
| | - Rui W. M. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhana 6140, South Africa
- Center for Chemico- and Bio-Medicinal Research (CCBR), Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Makhana 6140, South Africa
| | - Aistė Balčiūnaitienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Horticulture, 54333 Babtai, Lithuania;
| | - Patrick B. Memvanga
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Phytopharmaceutical Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (M.M.L.); (C.K.M.); (E.N.Z.); (C.I.N.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani XI B.P. 2012, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Public Health, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu B.P. 570, Democratic Republic of the Congo;
- Centre de Recherche et d’Innovation Technologique en Environnement et en Sciences de la Santé (CRITESS), University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa XI B.P. 212, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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19
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Velsankar K, Parvathy G, Mohandoss S, Sudhahar S. Effect of green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles using Paspalum scrobiculatum grains extract in biological applications. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3069-3094. [PMID: 35611771 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this report, ZnO nanoparticles were biosynthesized using Paspalum scrobiculatum grains extract for the first time. GC-MS analysis explicated that diethyl phthalate was the major phytocompound with 94.09% in aqueous extract. ZnO nanoparticles formation was confirmed by various physicochemical analyses. HR-TEM images showed the hexagonal, rectangular shaped nanoparticles in 15-30 nm size. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic analyses showed the effective bioactivity of ZnO nanoparticles in 80 μg/ml concentration with 95.36%, 94.08%, and 91.96%, respectively. The morphological and tissue changes witnessed in larvicidal and insecticidal activities against Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Tribolium castaneum revealed the efficient nature of ZnO nanoparticles in 100 ppm at 48 h and 100 μg/kg at 72 h, respectively. The morphological changes in antibacterial activity demonstrated the bactericidal nature of ZnO nanoparticles against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus in 150 μg/ml concentration. The morphological observations in anticancer activity against HepG2 liver cancer cells showed the potent drug features of ZnO nanoparticles in 100 μg/ml concentration with 97.18% of cytotoxicity. The ZnO nanoparticles showed no toxicity against HDF normal cells in lower concentrations and it explicated the biocompatible features of nanoparticles. The Vigna radiata plant growth was efficiently promoted by low (60 ppm) concentration of nanoparticles. The ZnO nanoparticles divulged effective degradation of IPA, EDTA, BQ, and DPBF in 75%, 45%, 55%, and 80% through ROS formation, respectively. Thus, the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles are biocompatible and inexpensive material compared to the traditional one and can be utilized as an efficient material in biological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Velsankar
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karikudi, India
| | - G Parvathy
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karikudi, India
| | - S Mohandoss
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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20
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Dwivedi MK, Pandey SK, Singh PK. Larvicidal activity of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from Carica papaya leaf extract. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2022.2072340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India
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21
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Mekawy ZA, Moussa SI, Mousa AM, Dakroury GA, Allan KF. Sorption of 60Co(II) from aqueous solutions onto biosynthesized zinc oxide nanocomposites. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNano ZnO is biosynthesized using Lactobcillus sp. Poly Acrylic acid-co-Acrylonitrile/ZnO, PAACAN/ZnO, and poly Acrylic acid-co-Maleic acid/ZnO, PAACMA/ZnO, nancomposites were synthesized using 60Co γ-rays. PAACAN/ZnO and PAACMA/ZnO nanocomposites were characterized and used as sorbents for 60Co(II) radionuclide. The monolayer adsorption capacities of 60Co(II) onto PAACMA/ZnO and PAACAN/ZnO are 18.235, 7.105 mgg−1, respectively at pH 4.5 and 20 °C. The sorption reaction has a pseudo 2nd order mechanism. 0.1 M EDTA could be used as an eluent for desorption. The desorption efficiencies of 60Co(II) from PAACAN/ZnO and PAACMA/ZnO were 67.51 and 84.85%, respectively. The sorption process is endothermic and spontaneous.
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22
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Johnson AM, Thamburaj S, Etikala A, Sarma C, Mummaleti G, Kalakandan SK. Evaluation of antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of chitosan edible coating with plant extracts against
Salmonella
and
E. coli
isolated from chicken. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Mariam Johnson
- Department of Food Biotechnology Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Suman Thamburaj
- Department of Food Biotechnology Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Akhila Etikala
- Department of Food Biotechnology Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chayanika Sarma
- Department of Food Biotechnology Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Gopinath Mummaleti
- Department of Food Biotechnology Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Suresh Kumar Kalakandan
- Department of Food Biotechnology Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
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23
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Tragia involucrata Leaf-Mediated ZnO NPs: Biomedical Applications, Ointment Formulation and Electrochemical Studies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3764-3786. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Gur T, Meydan I, Seckin H, Bekmezci M, Sen F. Green synthesis, characterization and bioactivity of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111897. [PMID: 34418450 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we tried to enlighten the structure of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) obtained from Thymbra Spicata L. plant by using green synthesis method in various ways. Some properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles were determined by using the characterization methods that scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), fouirer transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) spectroscopy methods. The detected Zn nanoparticle sizes were determined to be between 6.5 nm and 7.5 nm. In addition to these studies, we investigated the antimicrobial effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis against some pathogens. According to the results, it was seen that zinc oxide nanoparticles formed zones with a diameter of 16.3 mm, 10.25 mm, 13 mm and 10.2 mm, respectively, against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25952, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 bacteria and Candida albicans ATTC 90028 fungus, respectively. However, the radical quenching activity (DPPH) of the nanoparticles (Ts-ZnONP (79.67%)) was determined to be quite good compared to the positive control BHA. In addition, it is seen that the protective effect of ZnO NPs against DNA damage increases depending on the concentration. At a concentration of 100 mg/L, the DNA damage inhibitory effect was found to be maximum. In line with the comprehensive results, it was determined that the zinc oxide nanoparticles obtained with the green synthesis method have the potential of use in a wide variety of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Gur
- Van Vocational School of Health Services, Van Yüzüncü Yil University, Zeve Campus, 65080, Van, Turkey.
| | - Ismet Meydan
- Van Vocational School of Health Services, Van Yüzüncü Yil University, Zeve Campus, 65080, Van, Turkey
| | - Hamdullah Seckin
- Van Vocational School of Health Services, Van Yüzüncü Yil University, Zeve Campus, 65080, Van, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Bekmezci
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dumlupinar, 43000, Kutahya, Turkey; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dumlupinar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Sen
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dumlupinar, 43000, Kutahya, Turkey.
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25
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Green Nanotechnology: Plant-Mediated Nanoparticle Synthesis and Application. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040673. [PMID: 35215000 PMCID: PMC8878231 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The key pathways for synthesizing nanoparticles are physical and chemical, usually expensive and possibly hazardous to the environment. In the recent past, the evaluation of green chemistry or biological techniques for synthesizing metal nanoparticles from plant extracts has drawn the attention of many researchers. The literature on the green production of nanoparticles using various metals (i.e., gold, silver, zinc, titanium and palladium) and plant extracts is discussed in this study. The generalized mechanism of nanoparticle synthesis involves reduction, stabilization, nucleation, aggregation and capping, followed by characterization. During biosynthesis, major difficulties often faced in maintaining the structure, size and yield of particles can be solved by monitoring the development parameters such as temperature, pH and reaction period. To establish a widely accepted approach, researchers must first explore the actual process underlying the plant-assisted synthesis of a metal nanoparticle and its action on others. The green synthesis of NPs is gaining attention owing to its facilitation of the development of alternative, sustainable, safer, less toxic and environment-friendly approaches. Thus, green nanotechnology using plant extract opens up new possibilities for the synthesis of novel nanoparticles with the desirable characteristics required for developing biosensors, biomedicine, cosmetics and nano-biotechnology, and in electrochemical, catalytic, antibacterial, electronics, sensing and other applications.
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26
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Das P, Ghosh S, Nayak B. Phyto-fabricated Nanoparticles and Their Anti-biofilm Activity: Progress and Current Status. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.739286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is the self-synthesized, mucus-like extracellular polymeric matrix that acts as a key virulence factor in various pathogenic microorganisms, thereby posing a serious threat to human health. It has been estimated that around 80% of hospital-acquired infections are associated with biofilms which are found to be present on both biotic and abiotic surfaces. Antibiotics, the current mainstream treatment strategy for biofilms are often found to be futile in the eradication of these complex structures, and to date, there is no effective therapeutic strategy established against biofilm infections. In this regard, nanotechnology can provide a potential platform for the alleviation of this problem owing to its unique size-dependent properties. Accordingly, various novel strategies are being developed for the synthesis of different types of nanoparticles. Bio-nanotechnology is a division of nanotechnology which is gaining significant attention due to its ability to synthesize nanoparticles of various compositions and sizes using biotic sources. It utilizes the rich biodiversity of various biological components which are biocompatible for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Additionally, the biogenic nanoparticles are eco-friendly, cost-effective, and relatively less toxic when compared to chemically or physically synthesized alternatives. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles is a bottom-top methodology in which the nanoparticles are formed due to the presence of biological components (plant extract and microbial enzymes) which act as stabilizing and reducing agents. These biosynthesized nanoparticles exhibit anti-biofilm activity via various mechanisms such as ROS production, inhibiting quorum sensing, inhibiting EPS production, etc. This review will provide an insight into the application of various biogenic sources for nanoparticle synthesis. Furthermore, we have highlighted the potential of phytosynthesized nanoparticles as a promising antibiofilm agent as well as elucidated their antibacterial and antibiofilm mechanism.
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Kamli MR, Malik MA, Srivastava V, Sabir JSM, Mattar EH, Ahmad A. Biogenic ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized from Origanum vulgare Abrogates Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation in Opportunistic Pathogen Chromobacterium violaceum. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1743. [PMID: 34834158 PMCID: PMC8625425 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents an inexpensive, eco-friendly, and simple green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Origanum vulgare extract. These nanoparticles are non-hazardous, environmentally friendly, and cheaper than other methods of biosynthesis. Ongoing research determines the role of phytochemicals in the fabrication and biosynthesis of ZnO NPs and their role in antibacterial activity and biomedical applications. Characterizations by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) determine the successful biosynthesis of ZnO NPs. Meanwhile, TEM and X-ray diffraction studies approximated the spherical morphology and crystalline nature of biosynthesized ZnO NPs of nano size in the range of 20-30 nm. The global increase in drug resistance necessitates the search for new drugs with different mechanisms of action. Quorum sensing (QS), a cell-to-cell communication, has gained attention as an emerging drug target. It controls numerous biochemical processes in bacteria, which are essential for their survival and pathogenicity. The potential of nanomedicines has also been tested to synthesize new antibiotics to tackle drug resistance. ZnO NPs were explored for their antibacterial, antiquorum sensing, and antibiofilm activities with a bioreporter strain of Chromobacterium violaceum. Susceptibility testing results indicated the potential antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 16 µg/mL. Antiquorum-sensing assays revealed that these nanoparticles inhibit quorum sensing with minimum antiquorum sensing activity (MQSIC) of 1 µg/mL, without causing any bacterial growth inhibition. In addition, ZnO NPs inhibit biofilm formation at inhibitory and higher concentrations. RT-qPCR results supported the downregulation of the quorum sensing genes when C. violaceum was treated with ZnO NPs. The outcomes of this study are promising with regard to the biofilm and quorum sensing, emphasizing the potential applications of ZnO NPs against bacterial communication and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (J.S.M.S.); (E.H.M.)
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood Ahmad Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vartika Srivastava
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (V.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Jamal S. M. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (J.S.M.S.); (E.H.M.)
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab H. Mattar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (J.S.M.S.); (E.H.M.)
| | - Aijaz Ahmad
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (V.S.); (A.A.)
- Infection Control Unit, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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28
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Murali M, Kalegowda N, Gowtham HG, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, Alghamdi S, Shilpa N, Singh SB, Thriveni MC, Aiyaz M, Angaswamy N, Lakshmidevi N, Adil SF, Hatshan MR, Amruthesh KN. Plant-Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Advances in the New Millennium towards Understanding Their Therapeutic Role in Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1662. [PMID: 34683954 PMCID: PMC8540056 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles have become one of the most popular metal oxide nanoparticles and recently emerged as a promising potential candidate in the fields of optical, electrical, food packaging, and biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low cost. They have a role in cell apoptosis, as they trigger excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and release zinc ions (Zn2+) that induce cell death. The zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using the plant extracts appear to be simple, safer, sustainable, and more environmentally friendly compared to the physical and chemical routes. These biosynthesized nanoparticles possess strong biological activities and are in use for various biological applications in several industries. Initially, the present review discusses the synthesis and recent advances of zinc oxide nanoparticles from plant sources (such as leaves, stems, bark, roots, rhizomes, fruits, flowers, and seeds) and their biomedical applications (such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, photocatalytic, wound healing, and drug delivery), followed by their mechanisms of action involved in detail. This review also covers the drug delivery application of plant-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles, focusing on the drug-loading mechanism, stimuli-responsive controlled release, and therapeutic effect. Finally, the future direction of these synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles' research and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Nataraj Kalegowda
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Hittanahallikoppal G. Gowtham
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 715, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Natarajamurthy Shilpa
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Sudarshana B. Singh
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - M. C. Thriveni
- Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre, Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Thally Road, TVS Nagar, Hosur 635109, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mohammed Aiyaz
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (H.G.G.); (N.S.); (S.B.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Nataraju Angaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnataka State Open University, Mukthagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Nanjaiah Lakshmidevi
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India;
| | - Syed F. Adil
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.A.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Mohammad R. Hatshan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.A.); (M.R.H.)
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; (M.M.); (N.K.)
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Green Fabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Phlomis Leaf Extract: Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206140. [PMID: 34684721 PMCID: PMC8537537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Green nanoparticle synthesis is an environmentally friendly approach that uses natural solvents. It is preferred over chemical and physical techniques due to the time and energy savings. This study aimed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) through a green method that used Phlomis leaf extract as an effective reducing agent. The synthesis and characterization of ZnO NPs were confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) techniques. In vitro cytotoxicity was determined in L929 normal fibroblast cells using MTT assay. The antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated using a disk-diffusion method against S. aureus and E. coli, as well as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) content concentrations. XRD results confirmed the nanoparticles’ crystalline structure. Nanoparticle sizes were found to be around 79 nm by FESEM, whereas the hydrodynamic radius of nanoparticles was estimated to be around 165 ± 3 nm by DLS. FTIR spectra revealed the formation of ZnO bonding and surfactant molecule adsorption on the surface of ZnO NPs. It is interesting to observe that aqueous extracts of Phlomis leave plant are efficient reducing agents for green synthesis of ZnO NPs in vitro, with no cytotoxic effect on L929 normal cells and a significant impact on the bacteria tested.
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Dhiman S, Varma A, Goel A. Biofabricated nanoscale ZnO and their prospective in disease suppression and crop growth of Brassica species: A review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Krishnamoorthi R, Bharathakumar S, Malaikozhundan B, Mahalingam PU. Mycofabrication of gold nanoparticles: Optimization, characterization, stabilization and evaluation of its antimicrobial potential on selected human pathogens. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ramya V, Kalaiselvi V, Kannan SK, Shkir M, Ghramh HA, Ahmad Z, Nithiya P, Vidhya N. Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Psidium guajava leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial Applications. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-05717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Prasad AR, Williams L, Garvasis J, Shamsheera K, Basheer SM, Kuruvilla M, Joseph A. Applications of phytogenic ZnO nanoparticles: A review on recent advancements. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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da Silva PB, Araújo VHS, Fonseca-Santos B, Solcia MC, Ribeiro CM, da Silva IC, Alves RC, Pironi AM, Silva ACL, Victorelli FD, Fernandes MA, Ferreira PS, da Silva GH, Pavan FR, Chorilli M. Highlights Regarding the Use of Metallic Nanoparticles against Pathogens Considered a Priority by the World Health Organization. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1906-1956. [PMID: 32400324 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200513080719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has facilitated the growing resistance of bacteria, and this has become a serious public health problem worldwide. Several microorganisms are still resistant to multiple antibiotics and are particularly dangerous in the hospital and nursing home environment, and to patients whose care requires devices, such as ventilators and intravenous catheters. A list of twelve pathogenic genera, which especially included bacteria that were not affected by different antibiotics, was released by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017, and the research and development of new antibiotics against these genera has been considered a priority. The nanotechnology is a tool that offers an effective platform for altering the physicalchemical properties of different materials, thereby enabling the development of several biomedical applications. Owing to their large surface area and high reactivity, metallic particles on the nanometric scale have remarkable physical, chemical, and biological properties. Nanoparticles with sizes between 1 and 100 nm have several applications, mainly as new antimicrobial agents for the control of microorganisms. In the present review, more than 200 reports of various metallic nanoparticles, especially those containing copper, gold, platinum, silver, titanium, and zinc were analyzed with regard to their anti-bacterial activity. However, of these 200 studies, only 42 reported about trials conducted against the resistant bacteria considered a priority by the WHO. All studies are in the initial stage, and none are in the clinical phase of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bento da Silva
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cristina Solcia
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Carolina Alves
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa Maria Pironi
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariza Aires Fernandes
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Scanavez Ferreira
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Gilmar Hanck da Silva
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
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Gonçalves RA, Toledo RP, Joshi N, Berengue OM. Green Synthesis and Applications of ZnO and TiO 2 Nanostructures. Molecules 2021; 26:2236. [PMID: 33924397 PMCID: PMC8068979 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, oxide nanostructures have been continuously evaluated and used in many technological applications. The advancement of the controlled synthesis approach to design desired morphology is a fundamental key to the discipline of material science and nanotechnology. These nanostructures can be prepared via different physical and chemical methods; however, a green and ecofriendly synthesis approach is a promising way to produce these nanostructures with desired properties with less risk of hazardous chemicals. In this regard, ZnO and TiO2 nanostructures are prominent candidates for various applications. Moreover, they are more efficient, non-toxic, and cost-effective. This review mainly focuses on the recent state-of-the-art advancements in the green synthesis approach for ZnO and TiO2 nanostructures and their applications. The first section summarizes the green synthesis approach to synthesize ZnO and TiO2 nanostructures via different routes such as solvothermal, hydrothermal, co-precipitation, and sol-gel using biological systems that are based on the principles of green chemistry. The second section demonstrates the application of ZnO and TiO2 nanostructures. The review also discusses the problems and future perspectives of green synthesis methods and the related issues posed and overlooked by the scientific community on the green approach to nanostructure oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana A. Gonçalves
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá, Sao Paulo 12516-410, Brazil; (R.A.G.); (R.P.T.)
| | - Rosimara P. Toledo
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá, Sao Paulo 12516-410, Brazil; (R.A.G.); (R.P.T.)
| | - Nirav Joshi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 369, São Carlos, Sao Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Olivia M. Berengue
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá, Sao Paulo 12516-410, Brazil; (R.A.G.); (R.P.T.)
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Gunathilaka UMTM, de Silva WAPP, Dunuweera SP, Rajapakse RMG. Effect of morphology on larvicidal activity of chemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles against mosquito vectors. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8857-8866. [PMID: 35423367 PMCID: PMC8695257 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the larvicidal effects of four different morphologies of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) [star-shaped (S), needle-like (N), plate-like (P) and cubical (C)] on larvae of Aedes albopictus and Anopheles vagus; the mosquitoes causing dengue fever and malaria, respectively. The nanoparticles were characterized by several analytical techniques, and their sizes and shapes were determined. Second instar larvae of the two types of mosquitoes were exposed to several concentrations of nanoparticles (25 mg L-1, 50 mg L-1, 75 mg L-1, 100 mg L-1) at 25 ± 2 °C and 84 ± 5% R.H, separately, for each morphology. Larval mortality was reported at 24 h intervals up to 21 days. The resulting LC50 for Aedes albopictus were, respectively, 38.90 mg L-1, 47.53 mg L-1, 68.38 mg L-1, 50.24 mg L-1 for S-, N-, P- and C-shaped nanoparticles. The LC50 of Anopheles vagus is lower (LC50 4.78 mg L-1, 6.51 mg L-1, 13.64 mg L-1, 10.47 mg L -1 ), respectively, for S-, N-, P- and C-shaped nanoparticles indicating that the nanoparticles are more toxic to Anopheles vagus larvae. The highest larvicidal effect was obtained from star-shaped nanoparticles [Aedes albopictus (38.90 mg L-1) on Anopheles vagus (4.78 mg L-1)], and the lowest was shown by the plate-like nanoparticles [Aedes albopictus (68.38 mg L-1), Anopheles vagus (13.64 mg L-1)]. The rate of development of surviving mosquito larvae was retarded when exposed to ZnO nanoparticles suggesting the possibility for these nanoparticles to kill and delay the growth of Aedes albopictus and Anopheles vagus larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- U M T M Gunathilaka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
- Department of Zoology, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - W A P P de Silva
- Department of Zoology, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - S P Dunuweera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - R M G Rajapakse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
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S. Alvarez M, Billones J, Lin CH, Heralde F. Plectranthus amboinicus (Spreng.) Semi-purified Fractions with Selective β-Glucuronidase Inhibition Elucidated with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and in silico docking. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_149_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Luz TRSA, de Mesquita LSS, Amaral FMMD, Coutinho DF. Essential oils and their chemical constituents against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105705. [PMID: 32956639 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review focused on the toxicity of essential oils and their constituents against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera, Culicidae) larvae, a key vector of important arboviral diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya, zika, and yellow fever. This review is based on original articles obtained by searching major databases in the last six years. Our literature review shows that 337 essential oils from 225 plant species have been tested for larvicidal bioactivity. More than 60% of these essential oils were considered active (LC50<100 µg/mL). Most species belong to the families Lamiaceae (19.3%), Lauraceae (9.9%), and Myrtaceae (9.4%). The plants studied for their larvicidal activity against A. aegypti were mainly collected in India and Brazil (30 and 20%, respectively) and the parts of the plants most used were the leaves. Less than 10% of essential oils were evaluated for toxicity against non-target organisms and with the aim to demonstrate safe use. The most used plant parts are leaves and the main compounds of essential oils were described. The most active essential oils are rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and monoterpene hydrocarbons. Here, factors affecting bioactivity (chemical composition, plant parts, and harvesting site) of essential oils and their constituents, as well as safety to non-target organisms are discussed. Essential oils have considerable potential against A. aegypti. This review shows that essential oils might be used to control arboviruses, and further studies on safety and formulations for application in the field should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássio Rômulo Silva Araújo Luz
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy and Biotechnology in Health (LaFiBioS), Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Ludmilla Santos Silva de Mesquita
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy and Biotechnology in Health (LaFiBioS), Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Flavia Maria Mendonça do Amaral
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy and Biotechnology in Health (LaFiBioS), Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Denise Fernandes Coutinho
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy and Biotechnology in Health (LaFiBioS), Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Algharib SA, Dawood A, Xie S. Nanoparticles for treatment of bovine Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:292-308. [PMID: 32036717 PMCID: PMC7034104 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1724209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most important zoonotic bacterial pathogens, infecting human beings and a wide range of animals, in particular, dairy cattle. Globally. S. aureus causing bovine mastitis is one of the biggest problems and an economic burden facing the dairy industry with a strong negative impact on animal welfare, productivity, and food safety. Furthermore, its smart pathogenesis, including facultative intracellular parasitism, increasingly serious antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation, make it challenging to be treated by conventional therapy. Therefore, the development of nanoparticles, especially liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanogels, and inorganic nanoparticles, are gaining traction and excellent tools for overcoming the therapeutic difficulty accompanied by S. aureus mastitis. Therefore, in this review, the current progress and challenges of nanoparticles in enhancing the S. aureus mastitis therapy are focused stepwise. Firstly, the S. aureus treatment difficulties by the antimicrobial drugs are analyzed. Secondly, the advantages of nanoparticles in the treatment of S. aureus mastitis, including improving the penetration and accumulation of their payload drugs intracellular, decreasing the antimicrobial resistance, and preventing the biofilm formation, are also summarized. Thirdly, the progression of different types from the nanoparticles for controlling the S. aureus mastitis are provided. Finally, the difficulties that need to be solved, and future prospects of nanoparticles for S. aureus mastitis treatment are highlighted. This review will provide the readers with enough information about the challenges of the nanosystem to help them to design and fabricate more efficient nanoformulations against S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Attia Algharib
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ali Dawood
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, (HZAU), Wuhan, China
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Sana SS, Kumbhakar DV, Pasha A, Pawar SC, Grace AN, Singh RP, Nguyen VH, Le QV, Peng W. Crotalaria verrucosa Leaf Extract Mediated Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Assessment of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:E4896. [PMID: 33113894 PMCID: PMC7660202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present an ecofriendly, non-hazardous, green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by leaf extract of Crotalaria verrucosa (C. verrucosa). Total phenolic content, total flavonoid and total protein contents of C. verrucosa were determined. Further, synthesized ZnO NPs was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) Spectra, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. UV-vis shows peak at 375 nm which is unique to ZnO NPs. XRD analysis demonstrates the hexagonal phase structures of ZnO NPs. FTIR spectra demonstrates the molecules and bondings associated with the synthesized ZnO NPs and assures the role of phytochemical compounds of C. verrucosa in reduction and capping of ZnO NPs. TEM image exhibits that the prepared ZnO NPs is hexagonal shaped and in size ranged between 16 to 38 nm which is confirmed by DLS. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed to determine the thermal stability of biosynthesized nanoparticles during calcination. The prepared ZnO NPs showed significant antibacterial potentiality against Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli) pathogenic bacteria and SEM image shows the generalized mechanism of action in bacterial cell after NPs internalization. In addition, NPs are also found to be effective against the studied cancer cell lines for which cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assay and results demonstrate highest growth of inhibition at the concentration of 100 µg/mL with IC50 value at 7.07 µg/mL for HeLa and 6.30 µg/mL for DU145 cell lines, in contrast to positive control (C. verrucosa leaf extract) with IC50 of 22.30 µg/mL on HeLa cells and 15.72 µg/mL on DU145 cells. Also, DAPI staining was performed in order to determine the effect on nuclear material due to ZnO NPs treatment in the studied cell lines taking leaf extract as positive control and untreated negative control for comparison. Cell migration assay was evaluated to determine the direct influence of NPs on metastasis that is potential suppression capacity of NPs to tumor cell migration. Outcome of the synthesized ZnO NPs using C. verrucosa shows antimicrobial activity against studied microbes, also cytotoxicity, apoptotic mediated DNA damage and antiproliferative potentiality in the studied carcinoma cells and hence, can be further used in biomedical, pharmaceutical and food processing industries as an effective antimicrobial and anti-cancerous agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Sankar Sana
- Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516005, India;
| | - Divya Vishambhar Kumbhakar
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India; (D.V.K.); (A.P.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Akbar Pasha
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India; (D.V.K.); (A.P.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Smita C. Pawar
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, India; (D.V.K.); (A.P.); (S.C.P.)
| | - Andrews Nirmala Grace
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India;
| | - Raghvendra Pratap Singh
- Department of Research and Development, Biotechnology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India;
| | - Van-Huy Nguyen
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Shkodenko L, Kassirov I, Koshel E. Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Against Bacterial Biofilms: Perspectives and Limitations. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1545. [PMID: 33036373 PMCID: PMC7601517 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, there is an urgent need in medicine and industry to develop new approaches to eliminate bacterial biofilms. Considering the low efficiency of classical approaches to biofilm eradication and the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, the introduction of nanomaterials may be a promising solution. Outstanding antimicrobial properties have been demonstrated by nanoparticles (NPs) of metal oxides and their nanocomposites. The review presents a comparative analysis of antibiofilm properties of various metal oxide NPs (primarily, CuO, Fe3O4, TiO2, ZnO, MgO, and Al2O3 NPs) and nanocomposites, as well as mechanisms of their effect on plankton bacteria cells and biofilms. The potential mutagenicity of metal oxide NPs and safety problems of their wide application are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Shkodenko
- Microbiology Lab of SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Lomonosova st. 9, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia; (L.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Ilia Kassirov
- Microbiology Lab of SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Lomonosova st. 9, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia; (L.S.); (I.K.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Koshel
- Microbiology Lab of SCAMT Institute, ITMO University, Lomonosova st. 9, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia; (L.S.); (I.K.)
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Manimaran K, Murugesan S, Ragavendran C, Balasubramani G, Natarajan D, Ganesan A, Seedevi P. Biosynthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Edible Mushroom (Pleurotus djamor) Extract: Mosquito Larvicidal, Histopathological, Antibacterial and Anticancer Effect. J CLUST SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dulta K, Koşarsoy Ağçeli G, Chauhan P, Jasrotia R, Chauhan PK. A Novel Approach of Synthesis Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Bergenia ciliata Rhizome Extract: Antibacterial and Anticancer Potential. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Bhattacharya P, Chatterjee K, Swarnakar S, Banerjee S. Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles via Algal Route and its Action on Cancerous Cells and Pathogenic Microbes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.21467/anr.3.1.15-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Application of metal oxide nanoparticles for treatment of melanoma cells and microbes is being investigated. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) deserve special mention where particles cause destruction of melanoma cells with minimal damage to healthy cells. In the present study, pure phase ZnO NPs with particle size of 3.1 nm were synthesized by green route using algal extract. Skin melanoma (B16F10) cells were treated with synthesized ZnO NP and compared with commercial ZnO NPs and analysed for ED50 for cellular viability using 3% (w/v) of the doses. Sensitivity of B16F10 cells towards green synthesized ZnO NP was found to be more than commercial ZnO NPs. Results showed greater reduction in viability of cells exposed to green synthesized ZnO NPs and with increasing dose of the ZnO NPs, percentage viability of cells gradually reduced. 50% decrease in cellular viability (ED50) was obtained for green synthesized ZnO NP at 3% dose while commercial ZnO exhibited ED50 at 6% of doses. The ZnO NP also showed antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas sp. and Staphylococcus sp. Zone of inhibition (ZOI) exhibited by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus for disc diffusion and well diffusion assay was around 10-22 mm and 9-12mm respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sathi Banerjee
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Jadavpur University
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Chakrabarti A, Patra P. Relative larvicidal property of common oxide nanostructures against Culex quinquefasciatus. IET Nanobiotechnol 2020; 14:389-395. [PMID: 32691741 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2020.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Common oxide nanostructures such as silicon-di-oxide, magnesium-oxide, zinc-oxide, and copper-oxide (CuO) having useful functional and bioactive properties have been synthesised and characterised. All these nanostructures have been found to be larvicidal towards Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito especially against lower instars in comparison with higher instars in 48 h. Only, CuO is larvicidal against late instar stages after 48 h. Moreover, CuO is larvicidal against first instar stages after 24 h (LC50 157 mg/l). However, none of these nanostructures are pupicidal. Post mortality larval morphology was found to be distorted under bright field microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images of affected larval surface appeared to be rough and uneven. Fluorescent images showed that nanostructures infiltrated inside visceral organs of larvae. Nanostructures also caused tissue oxidative stress in larvae. These results indicate that above stated oxide nanostructures are effective larvicidal agents against early instar stages of Culex larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrita Chakrabarti
- Department of Zoology, Bethune College, 181, Bidhan Sarani, Manicktala, Azad Hind Bag, Kolkata, West Bengal 700006, India
| | - Prasun Patra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Rajarhat, New Town, Kolkata, West Bengal 700135, India.
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Al Sharie AH, El‐Elimat T, Darweesh RS, Swedan S, Shubair Z, Al‐Qiam R, Albarqi H. Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoflowers using
Hypericum triquetrifolium
extract: characterization, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity against lung cancer A549 cells. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Al Sharie
- Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Tamam El‐Elimat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Ruba S. Darweesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Samer Swedan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Zaina Shubair
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Reema Al‐Qiam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110 Jordan
| | - Hadil Albarqi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid 22110 Jordan
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50
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Singh A, Dutta PK. Green synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of chitin glucan based zinc oxide nanoparticles and its curcumin conjugation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:514-521. [PMID: 32305371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A well-organized, simplistic, and green route of chitin-glucan based zinc oxide nanoparticles (ChGC@ZnONPs) was synthesized using reducing and capping agent both in one as chitin-glucan complex (ChGC). Herein we report the bio-synthesis of Cur-ChGC@ZnONPs by the conjugation of curcumin (Cur) with ChGC@ZnONPs for the improvement of antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by the UV-Visible (UV-Vis), particle size analyser, scanning electron microscope (SEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Structure analysis, shape and crystalline size of nanomaterials were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The particle size analyser showed the particle size of nanomaterials and stability. Crystalline nature of both ChGC@ZnONPs and Cur-ChGC@ZnONPs were confirmed by the XRD spectra and FT-IR spectrum was used to examine the functional groups of nanomaterials. The antioxidant potential of conjugated nanomaterials were estimated using a DPPH free radical scavenging assay and ABTS+⁎ assay. This analysis showed that after loading of Cur, antioxidant activity increases. The antibacterial assessment of conjugated nanomaterials were tested by different microorganisms and showed excellent antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Singh
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India
| | - P K Dutta
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India.
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