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Ungureanu D, Oniga O, Moldovan C, Ionuț I, Marc G, Stana A, Pele R, Duma M, Tiperciuc B. An Insight into Rational Drug Design: The Development of In-House Azole Compounds with Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:763. [PMID: 39200063 PMCID: PMC11350776 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance poses a major threat to global health as the number of efficient antimicrobials decreases and the number of resistant pathogens rises. Our research group has been actively involved in the design of novel antimicrobial drugs. The blueprints of these compounds were azolic heterocycles, particularly thiazole. Starting with oxadiazolines, our research group explored, one by one, the other five-membered heterocycles, developing more or less potent compounds. An overview of this research activity conducted by our research group allowed us to observe an evolution in the methodology used (from inhibition zone diameters to minimal inhibitory concentrations and antibiofilm potential determination) correlated with the design of azole compounds based on results obtained from molecular modeling. The purpose of this review is to present the development of in-house azole compounds with antimicrobial activity, designed over the years by this research group from the departments of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutical Chemistry in Cluj-Napoca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ungureanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.U.); (O.O.); (C.M.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
- “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuță” Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 Ion Creangă Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Oniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.U.); (O.O.); (C.M.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Cristina Moldovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.U.); (O.O.); (C.M.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Ioana Ionuț
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.U.); (O.O.); (C.M.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Gabriel Marc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.U.); (O.O.); (C.M.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Anca Stana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.U.); (O.O.); (C.M.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Raluca Pele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.U.); (O.O.); (C.M.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Mihaela Duma
- State Veterinary Laboratory for Animal Health and Safety, 1 Piața Mărăști Street, 400609 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Brîndușa Tiperciuc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.U.); (O.O.); (C.M.); (I.I.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (B.T.)
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Tasleem M, Pelletier J, Sévigny J, Hussain Z, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A, El-Kott AF, Taslimi P, Negm S, Shafiq Z, Iqbal J. Synthesis, in vitro, and in silico studies of morpholine-based thiosemicarbazones as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 and -3 inhibitors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131068. [PMID: 38531526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
An extensive range of new biologically active morpholine based thiosemicarbazones derivatives 3a-r were synthesized, characterized by spectral techniques and evaluated as inhibitors of ENPP isozymes. Most of the novel thiosemicarbazones exhibit potent inhibition towards NPP1 and NPP3 isozymes. Compound 3 h was potent inhibitor of NPP1 with IC50 value of 0.55 ± 0.02. However, the most powerful inhibitor of NPP3 was 3e with an IC50 value of 0.24 ± 0.02. Furthermore, Lineweaver-Burk plot for compound 3 h against NPP1 and for compound 3e against NPP3 was devised through enzymes kinetics studies. Molecular docking and in silico studies was also done for analysis of interaction pattern of all newly synthesized compounds. The results were further validated by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation where the stability of conformational transformation of the best protein-ligand complex (3e) were justified on the basis of RMSD and RMSF analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mussarat Tasleem
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Julie Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, PC 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, 74100 Bartin, Türkiye
| | - Sally Negm
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Art Mahyel Aseer, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
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Alam M, Abser MN, Kumer A, Bhuiyan MMH, Akter P, Hossain ME, Chakma U. Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activity of thiosemicarbazones derivatives and their computational approaches: Quantum calculation, molecular docking, molecular dynamic, ADMET, QSAR. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16222. [PMID: 37292281 PMCID: PMC10245008 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The thiosemicarbazones and their derivatives have been recognized as antimicrobial agents against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Regarding these prospective, this study was designed to address the new antimicrobial agents from thiosemicarbazones and their derivatives. These derivatives were synthesized by multi-step synthesis methods, such as alkylation, acidification, esterification, and formed the 4-(4'-alkoxybenzoyloxy) thiosemicarbazones and its derivatives (THS1, THS2, THS3, THS4, and THS5). Afterward the synthesis, compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR spectra, and melting point. Later, the computational tools were applied to evaluate the drug likeness properties, bioavailability score, Lipinski rule, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). Secondly, the quantum calculations, for instance HOMO, LUMO and chemical descriptors, were calculated by the density functional theory (DFT). Finally, the molecular docking was performed against seven human pathogenic bacteria, black fungus (Rhizomucor mieh, Mucor lusitanicus, Mycolicibacterium smegmatis) and white fungus strains (Candida Auris, Aspergillus luchuensis, Candida albicans). To check and validate of molecular docking procedure and stability of docked complex for ligand and protein, the molecular dynamic was performed of docked complex. From the docking score with calculating the binding affinity, these derivatives could show a higher affinity than standard drug against all pathogens. From the computational details, it could be decided to do in-vitro test as antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aurious, Staphylococcus homonis, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella flexneria. The obtained result of antibacterial activity compared to standard drugs, and it was found that the synthesized compounds were almost same value of standard drug. Finally, it could be said from the in-vitro and in-silico study that the thiosemicarbazones derivatives are good antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbub Alam
- Inorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Nurul Abser
- Inorganic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Ajoy Kumer
- Laboratory of Computational Research for Drug Design and Material Science, Department of Chemistry, European University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | | | - Parul Akter
- Department of Chemistry, Mirzapur Cadet College, Mirzapur, Tangail, 1942, Bangladesh
| | - Md Emdad Hossain
- Wazed Miah Science Research Centre, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 134, Bangladesh
| | - Unesco Chakma
- Laboratory of Computational Research for Drug Design and Material Science, Department of Chemistry, European University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
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4
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Determination of biological studies and molecular docking calculations of isatin-thiosemicarbazone hybrid compounds. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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5
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Moghadam ES, Al‐Sadi AM, Talebi M, Amanlou M, Stoll R, Amini M, Abdel‐Jalil R. Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives Act as Potent Urease Inhibitors; Synthesis, Bioactivity Screening and Molecular Docking Study. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Saeedian Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al‐Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman
| | - Meysam Talebi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 1417614411 Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 1417614411 Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Raphael Stoll
- Biomolecular NMR Ruhr University of Bochum D 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 1417614411 Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Raid Abdel‐Jalil
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123, Sultanate of Oman
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6
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Nasir NM, Alsalim TA, El-Arabey AA, Abdalla M. Anticancer, antioxidant activities and molecular docking study of thiazolidine-4-one and thiadiazol derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:3976-3992. [PMID: 35467480 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2060306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer accounts for a major portion of the global cancer burden. In many nations, the prevalence of this condition has risen in recent decades. New series of thiazolidinones and thiadiazolidine have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for potential antioxidant and antihepatocarcinogenic activity. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using a DPPH assay. Furthermore, we examined the compounds against Hepg-2 cells using MTT assay, flow cytometry analysis through the cell cycle, reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis. The result showed that compound 6b has the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 = 60.614 ± 0.739 µM. The anticancer activity showed that compounds 5 and 6b have significant toxicity against liver cancer cells Hepg2, IC50 values (9.082 and 4.712) µM, respectively. Flow cytometry experiments revealed that compound 5 arrested Hepg-2 cells in the S process, while compound 6b arrested Hepg-2 cells in the G1. Compound 6b had a greater reduction in reactive oxygen species and late apoptosis than compound 5. Substantially, compound 5 had affinity energies of -7.6 and -8.5 for Akt and CDK4 proteins, respectively, but compound 6b had affinity energies of -7.8 and -10.1 for Akt1 and CDK4 proteins, respectively. Consequently, compound 6b had lower binding energies than compound 5. In this work, we used multiple bioinformatics methods to shed light on the prospective therapeutic use of these series as novel candidates to target immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinomas such as CD8+ T cells, endothelial cells, and hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor M Nasir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Tahseen A Alsalim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Amr Ahmed El-Arabey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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7
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Kavitha E, Ramarajan D, Rakić A, Dimić D, Sudha S, Nirmala PN. Structural, spectroscopic, quantum chemical, and molecular docking investigation of (E)-N'-(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)picolinohydrazide. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Structural, spectroscopic (IR, Raman, and NMR), quantum chemical, and molecular docking analysis of (E)-2-(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide and its dimers. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Islam M, Khan A, Shehzad MT, Khiat M, Halim SA, Hameed A, Shah SR, Basri R, Anwar MU, Hussain J, Csuk R, Al-Harrasi A, Shafiq Z. Therapeutic potential of N 4-substituted thiosemicarbazones as new urease inhibitors: Biochemical and in silico approach. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104691. [PMID: 33601138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Urease enzyme plays a key role in pathogenesis of gastritis and peptic ulcers. Its inhibition averts our bodies from many disorders including formation of urinary calculi. In agriculture, the high urease content causes severe environmental and hence economic problems. Due to deficiency of effective and safer drugs to tackle the aforementioned disorders, the quest for new scaffolds becomes mandatory in the field of medicinal chemistry. In this regard, we herein report a new series of N4-substituted thiosemicarbazones 3a-v as potential candidates for urease inhibition. These new N4-substituted thiosemicarbazones 3a-v of distant chemical scaffolds were characterized by advanced spectroscopic techniques, such as FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, ESI-MS and in the case of compound 3g by single crystal X-ray analysis. The compounds were evaluated for their urease inhibitory potential. All newly synthesized compounds showed significant urease inhibitions with IC50 values in range of 2.7 ± 0.320-109.2 ± 3.217 μM. Molecular docking studies were used for interactions pattern and structure-activity relationship for all compounds, which demonstrated excellent binding interactions with the active site residues, such as hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, π-H and nickel atom coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Islam
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman; Jadeed Group of Companies, 53-C, Satellite Town, Chandni Chowk, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | | | - Mohammed Khiat
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abdul Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Charted University), Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Syed Raza Shah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman; Department of Chemistry, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Basri
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad U Anwar
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Javid Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PO Box 33, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of (Piperidin-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarbothioamides as Potent Inhibitors of Cholinesterases: A Biochemical and In Silico Approach. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030656. [PMID: 33513837 PMCID: PMC7866225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by central cognitive dysfunction, memory loss, and intellectual decline poses a major public health problem affecting millions of people around the globe. Despite several clinically approved drugs and development of anti-Alzheimer’s heterocyclic structural leads, the treatment of AD requires safer hybrid therapeutics with characteristic structural and biochemical properties. In this endeavor, we herein report a microwave-assisted synthesis of a library of quinoline thiosemicarbazones endowed with a piperidine moiety, achieved via the condensation of 6/8-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinoline-3-carbaldehydes and (un)substituted thiosemicarbazides. The target N-heterocyclic products were isolated in excellent yields. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were fully established using readily available spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 1H- and 13C-NMR). Anti-Alzheimer potential of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds was evaluated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. The in vitro biochemical assay results revealed several compounds as potent inhibitors of both enzymes. Among them, five compounds exhibited IC50 values less than 20 μM. N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-((8-methyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl)methylene)hydrazine carbothioamide emerged as the most potent dual inhibitor of AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 9.68 and 11.59 μM, respectively. Various informative structure–activity relationship (SAR) analyses were also concluded indicating the critical role of substitution pattern on the inhibitory efficacy of the tested derivatives. In vitro results were further validated through molecular docking analysis where interactive behavior of the potent inhibitors within the active pocket of enzymes was established. Quinoline thiosemicarbazones were also tested for their cytotoxicity using MTT assay against HepG2 cells. Among the 26 novel compounds, there were five cytotoxical and 18 showed proliferative properties.
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11
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Inhibition effect of rhodanines containing benzene moieties on pentose phosphate pathway enzymes and molecular docking. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Indole-3-carbaldehyde Semicarbazone Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activities. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/7157281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four indole-3-carbaldehyde semicarbazone derivatives, 2-((5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarboxamide (1), 2-((5-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarboxamide (2), 2-((5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarboxamide (3), and 2-((4-nitro-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarboxamide (4) were synthesized and characterized by ESI-MS and spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR) techniques. The two-dimensional NMR (in acetone-d6) spectral data revealed that the molecules 1 and 2 in solution are in the cisE isomeric form. This evidence is supported by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory where it was shown that the corresponding most stable conformers of the synthesized compounds have a cisE geometrical configuration, in both the gas and liquid (acetone and DMSO) phases. The in vitro antibacterial activity of compounds 1–4 was determined against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria. Among all the tested semicarbazones, 1 and 2 exhibited similar inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 100 and 150 μg/mL, respectively) and Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 100 and 150 μg/mL, respectively). On the other hand, 3 and 4 were relatively less active against the tested bacterial strains compared with 1, 2, and tetracycline.
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Synthesis, characterization, and antioxidant activity of some new N4-arylsubstituted-5-methoxyisatin-β-thiosemicarbazone derivatives. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bayindir S, Caglayan C, Karaman M, Gülcin İ. The green synthesis and molecular docking of novel N-substituted rhodanines as effective inhibitors for carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103096. [PMID: 31284100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, inhibition effects of enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) has appeared as a promising approach for pharmacological intervention in a variety of disorders such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease and obesity. For this purpose, novel N-substituted rhodanine derivatives (RhAs) were synthesized by a green synthetic approach over one-pot reaction. Following synthesis the novel compounds, RhAs derivatives were tested against AChE and cytosolic carbonic anhydrase I, and II (hCAs I, and II) isoforms. As a result of this study, inhibition constant (Ki) were found in the range of 66.35 ± 8.35 to 141.92 ± 12.63 nM for AChE, 43.55 ± 14.20 to 89.44 ± 24.77 nM for hCA I, and 16.97 ± 1.42 to 64.57 ± 13.27 nM for hCA II, respectively. Binding energies were calculated with docking studies as -5.969, -5.981, and -9.121 kcal/mol for hCA I, hCA II, and AChE, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Bayindir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingol University, 12000-Bingöl, Turkey.
| | - Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, 12000-Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Karaman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kilis 7 Aralik University, 79000-Kilis, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülcin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240-Erzurum, Turkey.
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Ramadan ES. Synthesis and mass spectrometry of some arylidene-hydrazinyl-thiazolines and their 2-arylidene-N-(3-chlorophenyl)hydrazinecarbothioamide precursors. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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16
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Bayindir S, Yararli K. The easy synthesis of new N-substituted 5-oxindoline-rhodanines and their sensing ability: the recognition of acetate ions in aqueous solution. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing interest in developing innovative synthetic strategies for the decoration of rhodanine-cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Bayindir
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences and Arts
- Bingöl University
- Bingöl
- Turkey
| | - Kemal Yararli
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences and Arts
- Bingöl University
- Bingöl
- Turkey
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17
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Aly AA, Hassan AA, AbdEl-latief ESSM. An Update of the Use of Thiocarbohydrazides and Thiosemicarbazides in the Preparation of Heterocycles and Their Biological Importance. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A. Aly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Minia University; El-Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Alaa A. Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Minia University; El-Minia 61519 Egypt
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18
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Barut Celepci D, Yıldırım A, Şen B. Synthesis, structural analysis, spectral investigations, and DFT calculations of 1-(3-amino-4-thia-1,2-diazaspiro[4.11]hexadec-2-en-1-yl)ethan-1-one. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Barut Celepci
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences; Dokuz Eylül University; İzmir Turkey
| | - Ayhan Yıldırım
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Uludağ University; Bursa Turkey
| | - Betül Şen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences; Dokuz Eylül University; İzmir Turkey
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19
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Abstract
We have synthesized and characterized a series of carbothioamide derivatived molecules, obtained by reaction of aromatic aldehyde (Anisaldehyde, 9-anthraldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, 1-naphthaldehyde and o-vanillin) with an equimolar amount of 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide with microwave irradiation. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Quantum calculations of the physical properties, based on density functional theory method at B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory, were performed, by means of the Gaussian 09W set of programs. The theoretical 1H NMR chemical shift results of the studied compounds have been calculated at B3LYP method and standard 6-31+G(d,p) basis set using the standard Gauge-Independent Atomic Orbital approach. The calculated values are also compared with the experimental data available for these molecules. A good linear relationship between the experimental and calculated data has been obtained.
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20
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Theoretical aspect of the bonding in bis-chelate thiosemicarbazones nickel (II) complexes: A DFT study. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Dong H, Liu J, Liu X, Yu Y, Cao S. Combining molecular docking and QSAR studies for modeling the anti-tyrosinase activity of aromatic heterocycle thiosemicarbazone analogues. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Dong H, Liu J, Liu X, Yu Y, Cao S. Molecular docking and QSAR analyses of aromatic heterocycle thiosemicarbazone analogues for finding novel tyrosinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:106-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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El-Samanody ESA, Emam SM, Emara EM. Synthesis, characterization, molecular modeling and biological activity of metal complexes derived from (E)-N'-(furan-2-ylmethylene)morpholine-4-carbothiohydrazide. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Ateş D, Gulcan M, Gümüş S, Şekerci M, Özdemir S, Şahin E, Çolak N. Synthesis of bis(thiosemicarbazone) derivatives: Definition, crystal structure, biological potential and computational analysis. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2017.1370589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Ateş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - M. Gulcan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - S. Gümüş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - M. Şekerci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - S. Özdemir
- Department of Food Processing, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, Yenisehir, Mersin, Turkey
| | - E. Şahin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - N. Çolak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
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25
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Gabr MT, El-Gohary NS, El-Bendary ER, El-Kerdawy MM, Ni N. Microwave-assisted synthesis and antitumor evaluation of a new series of thiazolylcoumarin derivatives. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:1114-1131. [PMID: 29285008 PMCID: PMC5735336 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A new series of thiazolylcoumarin derivatives was synthesized. The designed strategy embraced a molecular hybridization approach which involves the combination of the thiazole and coumarin pharmacophores together. The new hybrid compounds were tested for in vitro antitumor efficacy over cervical (Hela) and kidney fibroblast (COS-7) cancer cells. Compounds 5f, 5h, 5m and 5r displayed promising efficacy toward Hela cell line. In addition, 5h and 5r were found to be the most active candidates toward COS-7 cell line. The four active analogs, 5f, 5h, 5m and 5r were screened for in vivo antitumor activity over EAC cells in mice, as well as in vitro cytotoxicity toward W138 normal cells. Results illustrated that 5r has the highest in vivo activity, and that the four analogs are less cytotoxic than 5-FU toward W138 normal cells. In this study, 3D pharmacophore analysis was performed to investigate the matching pharmacophoric features of the synthesized compounds with trichostatin A. In silico studies showed that the investigated compounds meet the optimal needs for good oral absorption with no expected toxicity hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa T Gabr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Nadia S El-Gohary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Eman R El-Bendary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M El-Kerdawy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nanting Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
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26
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Sinniah SK, Sim KS, Ng SW, Tan KW. Structural and cytotoxic studies of cationic thiosemicarbazones. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Bade TS, Ebrahimi HP, Alsalim TA, Titinchi SJ, Abbo HS, Bolandnazar Z, Ebrahimi A. A novel series of 1, 4-Dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives bearing thiazolidin-4-one: From synthesis to structure. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Molecular and supramolecular properties of nitroaromatic thiosemicarbazones: Synthesis, spectroscopy, X-ray structure elucidation and DFT calculations. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of Biologically Active Tridentate Schiff’s Base Ligand 2-Acetyl-5-methyl-furanthiosemicarbazone and its Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) Complexes. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-016-0140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Manzano JI, Cochet F, Boucherle B, Gómez-Pérez V, Boumendjel A, Gamarro F, Peuchmaur M. Arylthiosemicarbazones as antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:161-170. [PMID: 27475107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Based on a screening process, we targeted substituted thiosemicarbazone as potential antileishmanial agents. Our objective was to identify the key structural elements contributing to the anti-parasite activity that might be used for development of effective drugs. A series of 32 compounds was synthesized and their efficacy was evaluated against the clinically relevant intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. From these, 22 compounds showed EC50 values below 10 μM with the most active derivative (compound 14) showing an EC50 of 0.8 μM with very low toxicity on two different mammalian cell lines. The most relevant structural elements required for higher activity indicate that the presence of a fused bicyclic aromatic ring such as a naphthalene bearing an alkyl or an alkoxy group substituent are prerequisites. Owing to the easy synthesis, high activity and low toxicity, the most active compounds could be considered as a lead for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Manzano
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina 'López-Neyra', IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Florent Cochet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire DPM UMR 5063, 38041, Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin Boucherle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire DPM UMR 5063, 38041, Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Verónica Gómez-Pérez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina 'López-Neyra', IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire DPM UMR 5063, 38041, Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, 38041, Grenoble, France
| | - Francisco Gamarro
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina 'López-Neyra', IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Marine Peuchmaur
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire DPM UMR 5063, 38041, Grenoble, France; CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, 38041, Grenoble, France.
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31
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Pahonțu E, Paraschivescu C, Ilieș DC, Poirier D, Oprean C, Păunescu V, Gulea A, Roșu T, Bratu O. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) Complexes with 8-Ethyl-2-hydroxytricyclo(7.3.1.0(2,7))tridecan-13-one-thiosemicarbazone: Antimicrobial and in Vitro Antiproliferative Activity. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050674. [PMID: 27213326 PMCID: PMC6273217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New Cu(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes, (Cu(L)(H2O)2(OAc)) (1), (Cu(HL)(H2O)2(SO4)) (2), (Cu(L)(H2O)2(NO3)) (3), (Cu(L)(H2O)2(ClO4)) (4), (Cu(L)2(H2O)2) (5), (Pd(L)(OAc))H2O (6), and (Pt(L)2) (7) were synthesized from 8-ethyl-2-hydroxytricyclo(7.3.1.02,7)tridecan-13-one thiosemicarbazone (HL). The ligand and its metal complexes were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV-Vis, FAB, EPR, mass spectroscopy, elemental and thermal analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements and molar electric conductivity. The free ligand and the metal complexes have been tested for their antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. enteritidis, S. aureus, E. faecalis, C. albicans and cytotoxicity against the NCI-H1573 lung adenocarcinoma, SKBR-3 human breast, MCF-7 human breast, A375 human melanoma and HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell lines. Copper complex 2 exhibited the best antiproliferative activities against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. A significant inhibition of malignant HL-60 cell growth was observed for copper complex 2, palladium complex 6 and platinum complex 7, with IC50 values of 1.6 µM, 6.5 µM and 6.4 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pahonțu
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 6 Traian Vuia Street, Bucharest 020956, Romania.
| | - Codruța Paraschivescu
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Panduri Street, Bucharest 050663, Romania.
| | - Diana-Carolina Ilieș
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 6 Traian Vuia Street, Bucharest 020956, Romania.
| | - Donald Poirier
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center CHUL, Research Center and Universite Laval, CHUQ-CHUL, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Camelia Oprean
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeş", Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Virgil Păunescu
- Functional Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babeş", 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, Timişoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Aurelian Gulea
- Coordination Chemistry Department, Moldova State University, 60 Mateevici Street, Chisinau 2009, Moldova.
| | - Tudor Roșu
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 23 Dumbrava Rosie Street, Bucharest 020462, Romania.
| | - Ovidiu Bratu
- Clinic of Urology, Universitary Emergency Central Military Hospital, Clinical Departament 3, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 6 Traian Vuia Street, Bucharest 020956, Romania.
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32
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Metal-based biologically active azoles and β-lactams derived from sulfa drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1121-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Qi J, Liang S, Gou Y, Zhang Z, Zhou Z, Yang F, Liang H. Synthesis of four binuclear copper(II) complexes: Structure, anticancer properties and anticancer mechanism. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 96:360-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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