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Effects of Monomer Composition of Urethane Methacrylate Based Resins on the C=C Degree of Conversion, Residual Monomer Content and Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244415. [PMID: 34960966 PMCID: PMC8704249 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study investigated the influence of Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, and two different polyethylene glycol (PEG)-containing, UDMO-based co-monomers on the Young’s modulus and flexural strength, degree of methacrylate C=C double bond conversion and residual monomer elution of experimental dental resins. (2) Methods: Urethane methacrylate-based monomer was synthesised via a radical chain growth polymerization mechanism using PEG in order to improve the mechanical properties. Dental resins were formulated using Bis-GMA, UDMA, or UDMO as base monomers combined with TEGDMA as a dilution monomer and DMAEM + CQ as the photo-initiator system. Degree of conversion (DC), mechanical properties, and residual monomer content of light-activated methacrylate resin formulations were evaluated and statistically analysed by ANOVA and a Tukey’s test. (3) Results: PEG-containing UDMO resins had lower Young’s modulus and elastic strength than UDMA-derived resin for all irradiation times. The highest DC (67,418%) was observed for the PEG-containing UDMO-based resin formulation when light cured for 40 s. For all samples, DC increased with the photo-polymerization time. The amount of residual monomer decreased after increasing the light-curing period from 20 to 40 s, resin with UDMO content 0.01 mol of PEG having the smallest amount of free eluted monomer. (4) Conclusions: A strong structure–property relationship exists in photo-cured dimethacrylate-based dental resins. The time and quantity of the photochemical initiation system can influence the physical–mechanical properties of the resins but also the monomers in their composition.
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Keul C, Seidl J, Güth JF, Liebermann A. Impact of fabrication procedures on residual monomer elution of conventional polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-a measurement approach by UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:4519-4530. [PMID: 32424461 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the residual monomer (MMA) elution of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in distilled water after diverse fabrication methods and aging procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS PMMA specimens (N = 192, PalaXpress; Kulzer, Hanau, Germany) were manufactured (pouring, n = 96/injection, n = 96) and polymerized in water (55°C) without pressure (n = 48) and with 2 bar pressure (n = 48). Specimens were grinded (n = 24) or polished (n = 24) and aged for 12 h in distilled water/37°C (n = 12) or at air/20°C (n = 12) and stored afterwards in distilled water at 37°C. MMA elution was evaluated after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 15 days (UV/Vis spectrophotometry). Data were analysed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney-U and Cohen-d test using SPSS (α < 0.5). RESULTS The pouring procedure resulted in significantly higher MMA elution than the injection procedure up to 5 days. Polymerization with a pressure of 2 bar reduced the MMA elution significantly for poured specimens. Polishing reduced the MMA elution in comparison to grinding. CONCLUSIONS The fabrication procedure (pouring/injection) showed the strongest correlation to the MMA elution (r = 0.500), followed by polishing (r = 0.243), the pressure during polymerization (r = 0.109) and the storage medium (r = 0.053). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Higher MMA elution may increase the risk of chemical irritations, allergic reactions and hypersensitivities of the oral mucosa. Technicians and dentists should be aware about the elution differences dependent on the fabrication procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Keul
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Judith Seidl
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan-Frederik Güth
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Liebermann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
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A Guide through the Dental Dimethacrylate Polymer Network Structural Characterization and Interpretation of Physico-Mechanical Properties. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12244057. [PMID: 31817410 PMCID: PMC6947234 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Material characterization by the determination of relationships between structure and properties at different scales is essential for contemporary material engineering. This review article provides a summary of such studies on dimethacrylate polymer networks. These polymers serve as photocuring organic matrices in the composite dental restorative materials. The polymer network structure was discussed from the perspective of the following three aspects: the chemical structure, molecular structure (characterized by the degree of conversion and crosslink density (chemical as well as physical)), and supramolecular structure (characterized by the microgel agglomerate dimensions). Instrumental techniques and methodologies currently used for the determination of particular structural parameters were summarized. The influence of those parameters as well as the role of hydrogen bonding on basic mechanical properties of dimethacrylate polymer networks were finally demonstrated. Mechanical strength, modulus of elasticity, hardness, and impact resistance were discussed. The issue of the relationship between chemical structure and water sorption was also addressed.
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Evaluation of the Degree of Conversion, Residual Monomers and Mechanical Properties of Some Light-Cured Dental Resin Composites. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12132109. [PMID: 31262014 PMCID: PMC6651104 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The novelty of this study consists in the formulation and characterization of three experimental dental composites (PM, P14M, P2S) for cervical dental lesion restoration compared to the commercial composites Enamel plus HRi® - En (Micerium S.p.A, Avengo, Ge, Italy), G-ænial Anterior® - Ge, (GC Europe N.V., Leuven, Belgium), Charisma® - Ch (Heraeus Kulzer, Berkshire, UK). The physio-chemical properties were studied, like the degree of conversion and the residual monomers in cured samples using FTIR-ATR (attenuated total reflectance) and HPLC-UV (ultraviolet detection), as well as the evaluation of the mechanical properties of the materials. The null hypothesis was that there would be no differences between experimental and commercial resin composites regarding the evaluated parameters. Statistical analysis revealed that water and saliva storage induced significant modifications of all mechanical parameters after three months for all tested materials, except for a few comparisons for each type of material. Storage medium seemed not to alter the values of mechanical parameters in comparison with the initial ones for: diametral tensile strength (DTS-saliva for Ge and PM, compressive strength (CS)-water for Ch, DTS-water and Young's modulus YM-saliva for P14M and YM-water/ saliva for P2S (p > 0.05). Two of the experimental materials showed less than 1% residual monomers, which sustains good polymerization efficiency. Experimental resin composites have good mechanical properties, which makes them recommendable for the successful use in load-bearing surfaces of posterior teeth.
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Ali S, Shehzad FK, Maitlo I, Valiev S, Muhyodin G, Nie J. Binary phase solid-state photopolymerization behavior of acrylate cryogels under different light sources. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Farooq Khurum Shehzad
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Inamullah Maitlo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- Dawood University of Engineering and Technology; Karachi Pakistan
| | - Sultan Valiev
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Ghulam Muhyodin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
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Righi H, Costa AR, Oliveira DCRSD, Abuna GF, Sinhoreti MAC, Naufel FS. Influence of Photoinitiator on Accelerated Artificial Aging and Bond Strength of Experimental Resin Cements. Braz Dent J 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201801591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The goal of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of the photoinitiator phenylpropanedione (PPD), alone or combined with camphorquinone (CQ), on color stability of photoactivated resin cements and their bond strength to ceramics using a micro-shear test. Four resin cements were used: a commercial brand cement (RelyX Veneer®) and 3 experimental cements with different types and concentration of photoinitiators. For color analysis, ceramic discs were cemented on bovine dentin specimens to simulate indirect restorations (n=8) and were exposed to UV for 120 h and tested for color alteration using a reflectance spectrophotometer and the CIEL*a*b* system. Data were analyzed by Anova and Tukey’s test at 5% significance level. The color test results did not present statistically significant difference for the ∆E for all the studied cements, neither for ∆L, ∆a and ∆b. For the bond strength, all the studied cements showed statistically significant differences to each other, with the highest result for the RelyX Veneer® (29.07 MPa) cement, followed by the cement with CQ (21.74 MPa) and CQ+PPD (19.09 MPa) cement; the lowest result was obtained by the cement using only PPD as a photoinitiator (13.99 MPa). So, based on the studied parameters, PPD was not advantageous as photoinitiator of resin cements, because it showed a low value of bond strength to the ceramics and no superior color stability.
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Viana RB, Quintero DE, Viana AB, Moreno-Fuquen R. Conformational analysis and vibrational spectroscopy of a paracetamol analogous: 2-Bromo-N-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-methylpropanamide. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Atria PJ, Sampaio CS, Cáceres E, Fernández J, Reis AF, Giannini M, Coelho PG, Hirata R. Micro-computed tomography evaluation of volumetric polymerization shrinkage and degree of conversion of composites cured by various light power outputs. Dent Mater J 2017; 37:33-39. [PMID: 29081446 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of different light-curing modes on the volumetric polymerization shrinkage and degree of conversion of a composite resin at different locations using micro-computed tomography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Specimens were divided into 4 groups based on the light-curing mode used (Bluephase 20i): 1 -High (1,200 mW/cm2); 2 -Low (650 mW/cm2); 3 -Soft-start (650-1,200 mW/cm2); and 4 -Turbo (2,000 mW/cm2). Degree of conversion was calculated by the measurement of the peak absorbance height of the uncured and cured materials at the specific wavenumbers, and was performed by FTIR 48 h after curing resin samples. Degree of conversion was analyzed using two-way ANOVA. No significant differences were observed independent of the region of the restoration investigated (p>0.05). Different curing modes did not influence volumetric shrinkage neither degree of conversion of class I composite resin restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Atria
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry.,Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes
| | - Camila S Sampaio
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry.,Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes.,Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP
| | - Eduardo Cáceres
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry
| | - Jessica Fernández
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry
| | - Andre F Reis
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Guarulhos University
| | | | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry.,Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry.,Department of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi
| | - Ronaldo Hirata
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry
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Viana RB. Reactivity, vibrational spectroscopy, internal rotation and thermochemical aspects of methylarsine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 171:383-394. [PMID: 27569771 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to perform a characterization of the spectroscopic and thermodynamic properties of methylarsine (CH3AsH2). Post-Hartree-Fock, 29 DFT methods and eight different composite methodologies were employed in these analyses. A comparison between harmonic and anharmonic frequency accuracies in reproducing the observable frequencies was performed here. In addition, the CH3AsH2→CH2AsH3 isomerization barrier energy was estimated in 100kcalmol-1, whereas the H2-release routes barrier heights were in the 45-107kcalmol-1 range. A rate constant of 10-66s-1 was predicted regarding the isomerization route, while the CH2AsH3 hydrogen elimination mechanism is faster than the methylarsine one. The transition state structure of the CH3AsH2 internal rotational barrier energy varied between 1.0 and 1.4kcalmol-1. For the CH2AsH3 internal rotation the estimated barrier heights varied 0.6-2.5kcalmol-1. The adiabatic ionization energy and the heat of formation each structure was also calculated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rommel B Viana
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Viana RB, Ribeiro GL, Valencia LJ, Varela JJ, Viana AB, da Silva AB, Moreno-Fuquen R. Vibrational spectroscopy, intramolecular CH⋯O interaction and conformational analysis of 2,5-dimethyl-benzyl benzoate. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Viana RB, Ribeiro GLO, Santos SFF, Quintero DE, Viana AB, da Silva ABF, Moreno-Fuquen R. Intramolecular interactions, isomerization and vibrational frequencies of two paracetamol analogues: A spectroscopic and a computational approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 162:16-26. [PMID: 26974474 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to determine the molecular properties and provide an interpretation of the vibrational mode couplings of these two paracetamol analogues: 2-bromo-2-methyl-N-(4-nitrophenyl)-propanamide and 2-bromo-2-methyl-N-p-tolyl-propanamide. E/Z isomers, keto/enol unimolecular rearrangement and prediction of the transition state structures in each mechanism were also assessed using the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The DFT estimates a high energy gap between E and Z isomers (9-11 kcal·mol(-1)), with barrier heights ranging from 16 to 19 kcal·mol(-1). In contrast, the barrier energies on the keto/enol isomerization are almost 10 kcal·mol(-1) higher than those estimated for the E/Z rearrangement. The kinetic rate constant was also determined for each reaction mechanism. Natural bond orbital analysis and the quantum theory of atoms in molecules were used to interpret the intramolecular hydrogen bonds and to understand the most important interactions that govern the stabilization of each isomer. Furthermore, an analysis of the atomic charge distribution using different population methodologies was also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rommel B Viana
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela L O Ribeiro
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sinara F F Santos
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - David E Quintero
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson B Viana
- Departamento de Engenharia Oceânica, Centro de Tecnologia (Bloco C, Sala 203), Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pós Graduação e Pesquisa de Engenharia (COPPE), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Albérico B F da Silva
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Moreno-Fuquen
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
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