1
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Jung S, Moon S, Kim C. Detection of Hg
2+
with
NBD
‐based colorimetric chemosensor: Practical application to water samples and test strips. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Jung
- Department of Fine Chem. and New and Renewable Energy Convergence SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.) Seoul South Korea
| | - Sungjin Moon
- Department of Fine Chem. and New and Renewable Energy Convergence SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.) Seoul South Korea
| | - Cheal Kim
- Department of Fine Chem. and New and Renewable Energy Convergence SNUT (Seoul National Univ. of Sci. and Tech.) Seoul South Korea
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2
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Xiao L, Wei P, He F, Gou Y, Zhou J, Wang P, Wu J. Smartphone-assisted colorimetric and fluorescent dual-functional peptide-based probe for multianalyte visual detection in 100% aqueous media, living cells and test strips. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Kursunlu AN, Bastug E, Guler E. Importance of BODIPY-based Chemosensors for Cations and Anions in
Bio-imaging Applications. CURR ANAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411017666201215105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Chemosensor compounds are useful for sensitive selective detection of cations and anions with
fluorophore groups in an attempt to develop the effective selectivity of the sensors. Although familiar fluorescent sensors
utilizing inter-molecular interactions with the cations and anions, an extraordinary endeavor was executed the preparation
of fluorescent-based sensor compounds. 4,4-difluoro-4- bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (Bodipy) and its derivatives were
firstly used as an agent in the imaging of biomolecules due to their interesting structures, complexation, and fluorogenic
properties. Among the fluorescent chemosensors used for cations and anions, Bodipy-based probes stand out owing to the
excellent properties such as sharp emission profile, high stability, etc. In this review, we emphasize the Bodipy-based
chemosensor compounds, which have been used to image cations and anions in living cells, because of as well as the
biocompatibility and spectroscopic properties.
Methods:
Research and online content related to chemosensor online activity is reviewed. The advances, sensing
mechanisms and design strategies of the fluorophore exploiting selective detection of some cation and anions with
Bodipy-based chemosensors are explained. It could be claimed that the using of Bodipy-based chemosensors is very
important for cations and anions in bio-imaging applications.
Results:
Molecular sensors or chemosensors are molecules that show a change can be detected when affected by the
analyte. They are capable of producing a measurable signal when they are selective for a particular molecule. Molecular
and ion recognition that it is important in biological systems such as enzymes, genes, environment, and chemical fields.
Due to the toxic properties of many heavy metal ions, it is of great importance to identify these metals due to their harmful
effects on living metabolism and the pollution they create in the environment. This process can be performed with
analytical methods based on atomic absorption and emission. The fluorescence methods among chemosensor systems have
many advantages such as sensitivity, selectivity, low price, simplicity of using the instrument and direct determination in
solutions. The fluorescence studies can be applied at nanomolar concentrations.
Conclusion:
During a few decades, a lot of Bodipy-based chemosensors for the detection of cations & anions have been
investigated in bio-imaging applications. For the Bodipy-based fluorescent chemosensors, the Bodipy derivatives were
prepared by different ligand groups for the illumination of the photophysical and photochemical properties. The
synthesized Bodipy-based chemosensors have remarkable photophysical properties, such as a high quantum yield, strong molar absorption coefficient etc. Moreover, these chemosensors were successfully implemented on living organisms for
the detection of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nuri Kursunlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Elif Bastug
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ersin Guler
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
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4
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Zou Q, Du J, Gu C, Zhang D, Tao F, Cui Y. A new dibenzothiophene-based dual-channel chemosensor for cyanide with aggregation induced emission. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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5
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Zhao F, Zhang T, Yang Y, Lü C. A facile synthesis of multifunctional carbon dots as fluorescence 'turn on' and 'turn off' probes for selective detection of Al 3+ and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:1277-1285. [PMID: 32524730 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have drawn increasing interests due to their unique optical properties and promising application in various fields. In this study, citric acid (CA) and 5-chloromethyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (LQ) were used to synthesize nitrogen-doped CDs as novel fluorescent probes using a one-step solvothermal route. The as-prepared CDs had strong blue-white fluorescence emission when excited at 405 nm wavelength with a quantum yield (QY) of 25%, behaving with high ion concentration stability. Water-soluble CDs with a 8-hydroxyquinoline structure on their surface could be used to detect Al3+ using a 'turn on' mechanism and trinitrophenol (TNP) using a 'turn off' mechanism with detection limits of 229 nM and 44.4 nM, respectively. Al3+ enhances the fluorescence of CDs by forming a coordination complex to generate a fluorescence synergistic role and limit CD nonradiative transition. TNP quenched the fluorescence with high selectivity and sensitivity, which was attributed to the inner filter effect and static quenching. These results indicated that these CDs with their unique 'turn on' and 'turn off' nature have potential application in the environmental protection field and in prevention of terrorist threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Institute of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Changli Lü
- Institute of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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6
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Li C, Niu Q, Wang J, Wei T, Li T, Chen J, Qin X, Yang Q. Bithiophene-based fluorescent sensor for highly sensitive and ultrarapid detection of Hg 2+ in water, seafood, urine and live cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 233:118208. [PMID: 32146424 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using Hg2+-promoted deprotection reaction, we have developed a new fluorescent turn-on sensor 2TS based on bithiophene fluorophore for Hg2+ detection. The sensing mechanism of 2TS towards Hg2+ was strongly proved by 1H NMR, FTIR, HRMS, UV-vis and fluorescence spectra. Remarkly, 2TS towards Hg2+ in 100% aqueous solution shows high sensitivity with a low detection limit of 19 nM, superior selectivity and ultra-rapid response of 20 s during a wide sensing pH range from 4 to 10. Taking advantage of the excellent properties, the low-cost sensor 2TS-based filter paper/TLC test strips were fabricated for visual, immediate and quantitative detection of Hg2+ in water, proving its applicability towards sensitive in-situ and on-site detection. Meanwhile, 2TS showed high analytical performance for Hg2+ detection in water, seafood as well as human urine samples. Moreover, thanks to the good water solubility, negligible cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility and cell-membrane permeability, 2TS was further applied to effectively image Hg2+ in live cells. Furthermore, the developed sensor 2TS acted as good fluorescent display material for Hg2+ with obvious color change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfen Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianduo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Qin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxin Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
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7
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Wang P, An Y, Wu J. Highly sensitive turn-on detection of mercury(II) in aqueous solutions and live cells with a chemosensor based on tyrosine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 230:118004. [PMID: 31931352 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.118004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we reported a novel fluorescent chemosensor (DY) based on dansyl group and tyrosine by solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) for the detection of mercury(II) ions with excellent selectivity among 17 different metal ions. As designed, DY exhibited a sensitive fluorescence "turn-on" response to Hg2+ with low detection limits of 22.65 nM. A stoichiometric ratio (2: 1) of chemosensor DY and Hg2+ ions was determined by a Job's plot, fluorescent titration and the ESI-MS spectra. Especially, the reversible of DY-Hg with EDTA establishes the reuse of DY, and the circulation effect was very good. Furthermore, the wide pH range of 6-10 makes it capable of application in biological systems. Moreover, DY has been successfully applied to the detection of Hg2+ ions and EDTA in living HeLa and HK2 cells based on low cytotoxicity and good membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Shida Road 1#, Nanchong 637009, PR China.
| | - Yong An
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810008, PR China
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8
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Liu Z, Mo Z, Niu X, Yang X, Jiang Y, Zhao P, Liu N, Guo R. Highly sensitive fluorescence sensor for mercury(II) based on boron- and nitrogen-co-doped graphene quantum dots. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 566:357-368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Xue S, Wang P, Chen K. A novel fluorescent chemosensor for detection of mercury(II) ions based on dansyl-peptide and its application in real water samples and living LNcap cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 226:117616. [PMID: 31605969 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is one of the most hazardous pollutants, and mercury pollution is a serious hazard to our environment. Herein, we designed and synthesized a new peptide-based fluorescent chemosensor (L) based on a Fmoc-Lys (Fmoc)-OH backbone conjugated with two Serines and dansyl groups using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) technology. L exhibited highly selective and excellent sensitive detection of Hg2+ ions in 100% aqueous solutions through fluorescence quenching. The chemosensor L forms a 2:1 stoichiometry with high binding constants (4.89×106M-1) and the detection limit for Hg2+ ions of the proposed assay was 7.59nM. In addition, the recovery test results of Hg2+ concentration in actual water samples showed that the quantitative detection of Hg2+ ions can be realized in two water samples. Moreover, L showed low cytotoxicity and excellent membrane permeability in HK2 cells, which has been successfully applied for monitoring Hg2+ ions in living LNCaP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirui Xue
- School of Journalism and Communications, China West Normal University, Shida Road 1#, Nanchong, 637009, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Shida Road 1#, Nanchong, 637009, PR China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, PR China
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10
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Yin P, Niu Q, Wei T, Li T, Li Y, Yang Q. A new thiophene-based dual functional chemosensor for ultrasensitive colorimetric detection of Cu2+ in aqueous solution and highly selective fluorimetric detection of Al3+ in living cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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11
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Liu J, Xue H, Liu Y, Bu T, Jia P, Shui Y, Wang L. Visual and fluorescent detection of mercury ions using a dual-emission ratiometric fluorescence nanomixture of carbon dots cooperating with gold nanoclusters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 223:117364. [PMID: 31323491 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (II) ions (Hg2+), as one of the most toxic heavy metals, can cause irreversible damage to human health even at very low concentration due to its high toxicity and bioaccumulation. Herein, a facile ratiometric fluorescence nanomixture based on carbon dots‑gold nanoclusters (CDs-Au NCs) was constructed for quantitative detection of Hg2+. Lysine functionalized carbon dots (CDs) were prepared by one-pot hydrothermal method, while gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) were synthesized via using chicken egg white (CEW) as reducer and stabilizer. The novel nanomixture exhibited two strong emission peaks at 450 nm and 665 nm under 390 nm excitation, and showed pink fluorescence under UV light. Interestingly, the fluorescence of the CDs-Au NCs nanomixture was selectively response to Hg2+. The fluorescence of Au NCs at 665 nm was decreased when Hg2+ was presented in the solution, while the fluorescence of CDs at 450 nm stayed constant. The fluorescence color changed from pink to blue obviously with increasing the concentration of Hg2+, which indicated that CDs-Au NCs could be used for visual detection Hg2+ by the naked eye. Under optimal conditions, this ratiometric fluorescent sensor could detect Hg2+ accurately and possess a great sensitivity with a detection limit of 63 nM. In addition, this method was applied to detect Hg2+ in real water samples with great recoveries, suggesting its potential in practical application with simplicity, environmentally friendly and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hanyue Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Bu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pei Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhang Shui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang J, Niu Q, Hu T, Li T, Wei T. A new phenothiazine-based sensor for highly selective, ultrafast, ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric sensing of Hg2+: Applications to bioimaging in living cells and test strips. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Yin P, Niu Q, Yang Q, Lan L, Li T. A new “naked-eye” colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent sensor for imaging Hg2+ in living cells. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Wang J, Wei T, Ma F, Li T, Niu Q. A novel fluorescent and colorimetric dual-channel sensor for the fast, reversible and simultaneous detection of Fe3+ and Cu2+ based on terthiophene derivative with high sensitivity and selectivity. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Guo Z, Niu Q, Li T, Sun T, Chi H. A fast, highly selective and sensitive colorimetric and fluorescent sensor for Cu 2+ and its application in real water and food samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 213:97-103. [PMID: 30684885 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new oligothiophene functionalized Schiff base sensor 3TDC has been successfully designed and synthesized. Sensor 3TDC exhibited "naked-eye" colorimetric and selective "on-off" fluorescence response toward Cu2+ with high selectivity and sensitivity within a wide pH range. The binding ratio of the sensor 3TDC and Cu2+ was determined to be 1:1 through fluorescence titration, Job's plot, 1H NMR titration, FTIR and DFT studies. The detection limit is calculated to be as low as 2.81 × 10-8 M, which is much lower than the allowable level of Cu2+ in drinking water set by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (~20 μM) and the World Health Organization (~30 μM). The binding constant (Ka) of Cu2+ to sensor 3TDC was found to be 2.52 × 104 M-1. Sensor 3TDC for Cu2+ detection exhibited fast fluorescence response within 30 s and high anti-interference performance. Moreover, sensor 3TDC could be used as an effective fluorescent sensor for detecting Cu2+ ions in various real water and food samples with good accuracy and high precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongrang Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfen Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianduo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
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Kamacı M, Kaya İ. Polymeric fluorescent film sensor based on poly(azomethine-urethane): Ion sensing and surface properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Al-Eryani DA, Ahmad W, Mohammad GI, Ali Zainy FM, Alwael H, Bahaffi SO, El-Shahawi MS. An Ultrasensitive Detection Platform for Mercury Ions Speciation in Water Using Procaine Hydrochloride Ion Pair Coupled Extractive Spectrofluorimetry. J Fluoresc 2018; 29:211-219. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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18
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Novel thiophene-based colorimetric and fluorescent turn-on sensor for highly sensitive and selective simultaneous detection of Al 3+ and Zn 2+ in water and food samples and its application in bioimaging. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1049:196-212. [PMID: 30612651 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel bifunctional thiophene-based Schiff base TS as a colorimetric and fluorescent turn-on sensor for rapid and simultaneous detection of Al3+ and Zn2+ ions with high selectivity and sensitivity has been developed. The sensor shows remarkable fluorescence enhancement response for Al3+ and Zn2+ over a broad pH range with good anti-interference capability, which accompanied with an obvious color change easily detected by naked eyes. Sensor TS can detect as low as 3.7 × 10-9 M for Al3+ and 3.0 × 10-8 M for Zn2+, whereas respective association constants are 1.16 × 104 M-1 and 2.08 × 104 M-1. With the help of fluorescence titration and Job's plot, the stoichiometric ratio of TS with Al3+/Zn2+ was determined to be 1:1. The sensing mechanism of sensor TS with Al3+/Zn2+ based on the chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) was analyzed in detail through 1H NMR titration, FTIR, HRMS and DFT studies. Moreover, sensor TS has been applied to the detection of Al3+ and Zn2+ in real environmental water and food samples as well as the filter paper-based test strips. Furthermore, sensor TS has good cell-permeability and can be used to selectively sense intracellular Al3+ and Zn2+ by bioimaging.
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Lan L, Niu Q, Li T. A highly selective colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for instantaneous sensing of Hg2+ in water, soil and seafood and its application on test strips. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1023:105-114. [PMID: 29754600 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new simple and efficient oligothiophene-based colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe has been developed for highly sensitive and fast detection of Hg2+ in water, soil and seafood. The probe 5-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)-2,2':5',2″-terthiophene 3 TS can selectively detect Hg2+ via the Hg2+-promoted deprotection reaction of thioacetals, which caused a remarkable color change from colorless to yellow and a strong fluorescence enhancement with emission color varying from blue to yellow, enabling naked-eye detection of Hg2+. The probe shows high sensitivity with the detection limit down to 1.03 × 10-8 M. Visual color changes of 3 TS were observed on filter paper and TLC testing strips when they were impregnated on testing strips and immersed in Hg2+ solution. Moreover, the probe 3 TS has been successfully used to rapidly detect trace amounts of hazardous Hg2+ ions in tap, distilled, river and lake water, cropland soil, fish, shrimp and kelp samples with acceptable results and good recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxin Lan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfen Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianduo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
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20
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Sun T, Li Y, Niu Q, Li T, Liu Y. Highly selective and sensitive determination of Cu 2+ in drink and water samples based on a 1,8-diaminonaphthalene derived fluorescent sensor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 195:142-147. [PMID: 29414571 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new simple and efficient fluorescent sensor L based on 1,8‑diaminonaphthalene Schiff-base for highly sensitive and selective determination of Cu2+ in drink and water has been developed. This Cu2+-selective detection over other tested metal ions displayed an obvious color change from blue to colorless easily detected by naked eye. The detection limit is determined to be as low as 13.2 nM and the response time is very fast within 30 s. The 1:1 binding mechanism was well confirmed by fluorescence measurements, IR analysis and DFT calculations. Importantly, this sensor L was employed for quick detection of Cu2+ in drink and environmental water samples with satisfactory results, providing a simple, rapid, reliable and feasible Cu2+-sensing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfen Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianduo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
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Li CR, Li SL, Wang GQ, Yang ZY. Spectroscopic properties of a chromone-fluorescein conjugate as Mg2+ “turn on” fluorescent probe. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tantipanjaporn A, Prabpai S, Suksen K, Kongsaeree P. A thiourea-appended rhodamine chemodosimeter for mercury(II) and its bioimaging application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 192:101-107. [PMID: 29126002 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A rhodamine-thiourea conjugate RTP with an o-phenylenediamine linker was developed as a fluorogenic chemodosimeter for Hg2+ detection. In the presence of Hg2+, a colorless solution of RTP turned pink with a maximum absorption band at 555nm and with a 62-fold fluorescence enhancement at 578nm (Φ=0.34). RTP is highly selective to Hg2+ among other metal ions with a detection limit of 1.6nM (0.3ppb). A similar rhodamine analog with a flexible ethylenediamine spacer was less selective and less sensitive than RTP. Hg2+ induced cyclic guanylation to yield a benzimidazole moiety and a subsequent ring-opening of the spirolactam unit resulted in chromogenic and fluorogenic changes. The membrane-permeable RTP probe was successfully demonstrated in monitoring of Hg2+ in cultured HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajcharapan Tantipanjaporn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Samran Prabpai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanoknetr Suksen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Palangpon Kongsaeree
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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23
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Xiong X, Lai X, Liu J. Mercaptosuccinic acid-coated NIR-emitting gold nanoparticles for the sensitive and selective detection of Hg 2. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 188:483-487. [PMID: 28759849 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive fluorescent detection platform for Hg2+ was constructed based on mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) coated near-infrared (NIR)-emitting gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The thiolated mercaptosuccinic acid was employed as both reducing agent and surface coating ligand in a one-step synthesis of NIR-emitting AuNPs (MSA-AuNPs), which exhibited stable fluorescence with the maximum wavelength at 800nm and a wide range of excitation (220-650nm) with the maxima at 413nm. The MSA coated NIR-emitting AuNPs showed a rapid fluorescence quenching toward Hg2+ over other metal ions with a limit of detection (LOD, 3δ) as low as 4.8nM. The sensing mechanism investigation revealed that the AuNPs formed aggregation due to the "recognition" of Hg2+ from the MSA, and the resultant strong coupling interaction between Hg2+ and Au (I) to further quench the fluorescence of the AuNPs, which synergistically resulted in a highly sensitive and selective fluorescence response toward Hg2+. This proposed strategy was also demonstrated the possibility to be used for Hg2+ detection in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoqi Lai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Jinbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Lashgari N, Badiei A, Mohammadi Ziarani G. Selective detection of Hg2+
ion in aqueous medium with the use of 3-(pyrimidin-2-ylimino)indolin-2-one-functionalized SBA-15. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Negar Lashgari
- School of Chemistry, College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
- Nanobiomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
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Afshani J, Badiei A, Karimi M, Lashgari N, Mohammadi Ziarani G. A Schiff base-grafted nanoporous silica material as a reversible optical probe for Hg2+
ion in water. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Afshani
- School of Chemistry, College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
- Nanobiomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Karimi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Negar Lashgari
- School of Chemistry, College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
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Lashgari N, Badiei A, Mohammadi Ziarani G, Faridbod F. Isatin functionalized nanoporous SBA-15 as a selective fluorescent probe for the detection of Hg(II) in water. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3175-3185. [PMID: 28271223 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A highly ordered mesoporous silica material functionalized with isatin (SBA-Pr-IS) was designed and synthesized. Characterization techniques including XRD, TGA, BET, SEM, and FT-IR were employed to characterize the pore structure, textural properties, microscopic morphology, and molecular composition of grafted organic moieties of SBA-Pr-IS. The successful attachment of the organic moiety (0.34 mmol g-1) without the SBA-15 structure collapsing after the modification steps was confirmed. Fluorescence characterization of SBA-Pr-IS was examined upon addition of a wide variety of cations in aqueous medium and it showed high sensitivity toward Hg2+ ions. During testing in an ion competition experiment, it was observed that the fluorescence changes of the probe were remarkably specific for Hg2+ ions. Furthermore, a good linearity between the fluorescence intensity of this material and the concentration of Hg2+ ions was constructed with a suitable detection limit of 3.7 × 10-6 M. Finally, the applicability of the proposed method was successfully evaluated for the determination of Hg2+ ions in real samples. Therefore, SBA-Pr-IS can be used as an efficient fluorescence probe for Hg2+ ions. Graphical Abstract A novel organic-inorganic hybrid material was designed and synthesized by functionalization of SBA-15 mesoporous silica material with isatin. The evaluation of the sensing ability of SBA-Pr-IS using fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the SBA-Pr-IS was a selective fluorescent probe for Hg2+ ion in water in the presence of a wide range of metal cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Lashgari
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 16th Azar St., Enghelab Sq., 1417466191, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 16th Azar St., Enghelab Sq., 1417466191, Tehran, Iran. .,Nanobiomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Tehran, 16th Azar St., Enghelab Sq., 1417466191, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Farnoush Faridbod
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 16th Azar St., Enghelab Sq., 1417466191, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Shahamirifard SA, Ghaedi M. Design and construction of a new optical solid-state mercury(ii) sensor based on PVC membrane sensitized with colloidal carbon dots. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02421e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new Hg2+ ion solid-state double layer sensor impregnated with colloidal carbon dots and N′-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)allylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (NDPAI, as a second layer) was inserted in plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the first layer.
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28
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Lv J, Xie S, Cai W, Zhang J, Tang D, Tang Y. Highly effective target converting strategy for ultrasensitive electrochemical assay of Hg2+. Analyst 2017; 142:4708-4714. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01306j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensing system based on a highly effective Hg2+ converting strategy and RCA has been developed for the ultrasensitive detection of Hg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lv
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies (Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences)
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Shunbi Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies (Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences)
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- PR China
| | - Wei Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies (Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences)
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Jin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies (Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences)
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Dianyong Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies (Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences)
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- PR China
| | - Ying Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technologies (Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences)
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing 402160
- PR China
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29
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Highly Selective and Sensitive Colorimetric and Fluorescent Chemosensor for Rapid Detection of Ag+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ Based on a Simple Schiff Base. J Fluoresc 2016; 27:729-737. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-2005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Quencher-Free Fluorescence Method for the Detection of Mercury(II) Based on Polymerase-Aided Photoinduced Electron Transfer Strategy. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16111945. [PMID: 27869723 PMCID: PMC5134604 DOI: 10.3390/s16111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new quencher-free Hg2+ ion assay method was developed based on polymerase-assisted photoinduced electron transfer (PIET). In this approach, a probe is designed with a mercury ion recognition sequence (MRS) that is composed of two T-rich functional areas separated by a spacer of random bases at the 3′-end, and a sequence of stacked cytosines at the 5′-end, to which a fluorescein (FAM) is attached. Upon addition of Hg2+ ions into this sensing system, the MRS folds into a hairpin structure at the 3′-end with Hg2+-mediated base pairs. In the presence of DNA polymerase, it will catalyze the extension reaction, resulting in the formation of stacked guanines, which will instantly quench the fluorescence of FAM through PIET. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection for Hg2+ ions was estimated to be 5 nM which is higher than the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard limit. In addition, no labeling with a quencher was requiring, and the present method is fairly simple, fast and low cost. It is expected that this cost-effective fluorescence method might hold considerable potential in the detection of Hg2+ ions in real biological and environmental samples.
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31
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Novel electrochemical sensing platform for quantitative monitoring of Hg(II) on DNA-assembled graphene oxide with target recycling. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:267-271. [PMID: 27179567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This work designs a new electrochemical sensing platform for the quantitative monitoring of mercury ion (Hg(2+)) on poly-T(15) oligonucleotide-functionalized graphene oxide by coupling with DNase I-assisted target recycling amplification. The assay was carried out on the basis of T-Hg(2+)-T coordination chemistry by using target-induced dissociation of indicator-labeled poly-T(15) oligonucleotide from graphene oxide nanosheets. The electronic signal was amplified through DNase I-triggered target recycling. Experimental results indicated that the amperometric response of DNA-based sensing platform deceased with the increasing Hg(2+) concentration in the sample, and has a detection limit of 0.12nM with a dynamic working range of up to 50nM. Our strategy afforded exquisite selectivity for Hg(2+) against other environmentally related metal ions. More significantly, this methodology displayed high reproducibility and acceptable accuracy, thus representing an optional sensing scheme for the screening of Hg(2+) in environmental water samples.
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32
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Niu Q, Wu X, Li T, Cui Y, Zhang S, Su Q. A Phenylamine-Oligothiophene-Based Fluorescent Chemosensor for Selective Detection of Hg(II). J Fluoresc 2016; 26:1053-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Zhang S, Niu Q, Wu X, Li T, Cui Y, Li X. A Fast-Responsive Fluorescent Sensor for Hg2+ with High Selectivity and Sensitivity in Aqueous Media. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:1543-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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