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Bresci A, Kim JH, Ghislanzoni S, Manetti F, Wu L, Vernuccio F, Ceconello C, Sorrentino S, Barman I, Bongarzone I, Cerullo G, Vanna R, Polli D. Noninvasive morpho-molecular imaging reveals early therapy-induced senescence in human cancer cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6231. [PMID: 37703362 PMCID: PMC10881071 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer therapy screening in vitro identifies additional treatments and improves clinical outcomes. Systematically, although most tested cells respond to cues with apoptosis, an appreciable portion enters a senescent state, a critical condition potentially driving tumor resistance and relapse. Conventional screening protocols would strongly benefit from prompt identification and monitoring of therapy-induced senescent (TIS) cells in their native form. We combined complementary all-optical, label-free, and quantitative microscopy techniques, based on coherent Raman scattering, multiphoton absorption, and interferometry, to explore the early onset and progression of this phenotype, which has been understudied in unperturbed conditions. We identified TIS manifestations as early as 24 hours following treatment, consisting of substantial mitochondrial rearrangement and increase of volume and dry mass, followed by accumulation of lipid vesicles starting at 72 hours. This work holds the potential to affect anticancer treatment research, by offering a label-free, rapid, and accurate method to identify initial TIS in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Bresci
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Ghislanzoni
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lintong Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Italia Bongarzone
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- CNR-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Milan, Italy
| | - Renzo Vanna
- CNR-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- CNR-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Milan, Italy
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2
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Sorrentino S, Manetti F, Bresci A, Vernuccio F, Ceconello C, Ghislanzoni S, Bongarzone I, Vanna R, Cerullo G, Polli D. Deep ensemble learning and transfer learning methods for classification of senescent cells from nonlinear optical microscopy images. Front Chem 2023; 11:1213981. [PMID: 37426334 PMCID: PMC10326547 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1213981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of chemotherapy and radiotherapy anti-cancer treatments can result in tumor suppression or senescence induction. Senescence was previously considered a favorable therapeutic outcome, until recent advancements in oncology research evidenced senescence as one of the culprits of cancer recurrence. Its detection requires multiple assays, and nonlinear optical (NLO) microscopy provides a solution for fast, non-invasive, and label-free detection of therapy-induced senescent cells. Here, we develop several deep learning architectures to perform binary classification between senescent and proliferating human cancer cells using NLO microscopy images and we compare their performances. As a result of our work, we demonstrate that the most performing approach is the one based on an ensemble classifier, that uses seven different pre-trained classification networks, taken from literature, with the addition of fully connected layers on top of their architectures. This approach achieves a classification accuracy of over 90%, showing the possibility of building an automatic, unbiased senescent cells image classifier starting from multimodal NLO microscopy data. Our results open the way to a deeper investigation of senescence classification via deep learning techniques with a potential application in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arianna Bresci
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Ghislanzoni
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Italia Bongarzone
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Renzo Vanna
- CNR-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- CNR-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- CNR-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Milan, Italy
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3
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Talone B, Bresci A, Manetti F, Vernuccio F, De la Cadena A, Ceconello C, Schiavone ML, Mantero S, Menale C, Vanna R, Cerullo G, Sobacchi C, Polli D. Label-free multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy reveals features of bone composition in pathophysiological conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1042680. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1042680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue features a complex microarchitecture and biomolecular composition, which determine biomechanical properties. In addition to state-of-the-art technologies, innovative optical approaches allowing the characterization of the bone in native, label-free conditions can provide new, multi-level insight into this inherently challenging tissue. Here, we exploited multimodal nonlinear optical (NLO) microscopy, including co-registered stimulated Raman scattering, two-photon excited fluorescence, and second-harmonic generation, to image entire vertebrae of murine spine sections. The quantitative nature of these nonlinear interactions allowed us to extract accurate biochemical, morphological, and topological information on the bone tissue and to highlight differences between normal and pathologic samples. Indeed, in a murine model showing bone loss, we observed increased collagen and lipid content as compared to the wild type, along with a decreased craniocaudal alignment of bone collagen fibres. We propose that NLO microscopy can be implemented in standard histopathological analysis of bone in preclinical studies, with the ambitious future perspective to introduce this technique in the clinical practice for the analysis of larger tissue sections.
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4
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ABSTRACTS (BY NUMBER). Tissue Eng Part A 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.29025.abstracts] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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5
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Bergamaschi G, Musicò A, Frigerio R, Strada A, Pizzi A, Talone B, Ghezzi J, Gautieri A, Chiari M, Metrangolo P, Vanna R, Baldelli Bombelli F, Cretich M, Gori A. Composite Peptide-Agarose Hydrogels for Robust and High-Sensitivity 3D Immunoassays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:4811-4822. [PMID: 35060693 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Canonical immunoassays rely on highly sensitive and specific capturing of circulating biomarkers by interacting biomolecular baits. In this frame, bioprobe immobilization in spatially discrete three-dimensional (3D) spots onto analytical surfaces by hydrogel encapsulation was shown to provide relevant advantages over conventional two-dimensional (2D) platforms. Yet, the broad application of 3D systems is still hampered by hurdles in matching their straightforward fabrication with optimal functional properties. Herein, we report on a composite hydrogel obtained by combining a self-assembling peptide (namely, Q3 peptide) with low-temperature gelling agarose that is proved to have simple and robust application in the fabrication of microdroplet arrays, overcoming hurdles and limitations commonly associated with 3D hydrogel assays. We demonstrate the real-case scenario feasibility of our 3D system in the profiling of Covid-19 patients' serum IgG immunoreactivity, which showed remarkably improved signal-to-noise ratio over canonical assays in the 2D format and exquisite specificity. Overall, the new two-component hydrogel widens the perspectives of hydrogel-based arrays and represents a step forward towards their routine use in analytical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Bergamaschi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Musicò
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Frigerio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Strada
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pizzi
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Talone
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Ghezzi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
- Biomolecular Engineering Lab, Dept. Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alfonso Gautieri
- Biomolecular Engineering Lab, Dept. Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Chiari
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Renzo Vanna
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie─National Research Council of Italy (IFN-CNR), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials (SBNLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Via Luigi Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Cretich
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"─National Research Council of Italy (SCITEC-CNR), 20131 Milan, Italy
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6
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Borek-Dorosz A, Pieczara A, Czamara K, Stojak M, Matuszyk E, Majzner K, Brzozowski K, Bresci A, Polli D, Baranska M. What is the ability of inflamed endothelium to uptake exogenous saturated fatty acids? A proof-of-concept study using spontaneous Raman, SRS and CARS microscopy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:593. [PMID: 36380212 PMCID: PMC9666316 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) in vivo buffer and regulate the transfer of plasma fatty acid (FA) to the underlying tissues. We hypothesize that inflammation could alter the functionality of the EC, i.e., their capacity and uptake of different FA. The aim of this work is to verify the functionality of inflamed cells by analyzing their ability to uptake and accumulate exogenous saturated FA. Control and inflammatory human microvascular endothelial cells stimulated in vitro with two deuterium-labeled saturated FA (D-FA), i.e., palmitic (D31-PA) and myristic (D27-MA) acids. Cells were measured both by spontaneous and stimulated Raman imaging to extract detailed information about uptaken FA, whereas coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and fluorescence imaging showed the global content of FA in cells. Additionally, we employed atomic force microscopy to obtain a morphological image of the cells. The results indicate that the uptake of D-FA in inflamed cells is dependent on their concentration and type. Cells accumulated D-FA when treated with a low concentration, and the effect was more pronounced for D27-MA, in normal cells, but even more so, in inflamed cells. In the case of D31-PA, a slightly increased uptake was observed for inflamed cells when administered at higher concentration. The results provide a better understanding of the EC inflammation and indicate the impact of the pathological state of the EC on their capacity to buffer fat. All the microscopic methods used showed complementarity in the analysis of FA uptake by EC, but each method recognized this process from a different perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Pieczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Stojak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Matuszyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Majzner
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland ,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Brzozowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Arianna Bresci
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy ,Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnology at CNR (CNR-IFN), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland ,Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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7
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Ni H, Lin P, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Tan Y, Zhan Y, Wang Z, Cheng JX. Multiwindow SRS Imaging Using a Rapid Widely Tunable Fiber Laser. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15703-15711. [PMID: 34787995 PMCID: PMC9713687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging has become a useful tool finding a broad range of applications. Yet, wider adoption is hindered by the bulky and environmentally sensitive solid-state optical parametric oscillator (OPO) in a current SRS microscope. Moreover, chemically informative multiwindow SRS imaging across C-H, C-D, and fingerprint Raman regions is challenging due to the slow wavelength tuning speed of the solid-state OPO. In this work, we present a multiwindow SRS imaging system based on a compact and robust fiber laser with rapid and wide tuning capability. To address the relative intensity noise intrinsic to a fiber laser, we implemented autobalanced detection, which enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of stimulated Raman loss imaging by 23 times. We demonstrate high-quality SRS metabolic imaging of fungi, cancer cells, and Caenorhabditis elegans across the C-H, C-D, and fingerprint Raman windows. Our results showcase the potential of the compact multiwindow SRS system for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Ni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary’s St., Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary’s St., Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yuying Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yuewei Zhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zian Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 St. Mary’s St., Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, MA 02215, USA
- Photonics Centre, Boston University, 8 St. Mary’s St., Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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8
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Lanin AA, Chebotarev AS, Kelmanson IV, Pochechuev MS, Fetisova ES, Bilan DS, Shevchenko EK, Ivanov AA, Fedotov AB, Belousov VV, Zheltikov AM. Single-beam multimodal nonlinear-optical imaging of structurally complex events in cell-cycle dynamics. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/ac159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We demonstrate a multimodal nonlinear-optical imaging that combines second- and third-harmonic generation (SHG and THG) with three-photon-excited fluorescence (3PEF) as a means to resolve fine details of the cell structure and trace its transformations throughout structurally complex episodes of cell-cycle dynamics, including the key stages and signatures in cell division. When zoomed in on cell mitosis, this technique enables a high-contrast multimodal imaging of intra- and extracellular signatures of cell division, detecting, via a multiplex, 3PEF/SHG/THG readout, a remarkable diversity of shapes, sizes, and symmetries in a truly single-beam setting, with no need for beam refocusing or field-waveform re-adjustment.
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9
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Parodi V, Jacchetti E, Bresci A, Talone B, Valensise CM, Osellame R, Cerullo G, Polli D, Raimondi MT. Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation within Miniaturized 3D Scaffolds through Advanced Microscopy Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8498. [PMID: 33187392 PMCID: PMC7696107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional culture systems and suitable substrates topographies demonstrated to drive stem cell fate in vitro by mechanical conditioning. For example, the Nichoid 3D scaffold remodels stem cells and shapes nuclei, thus promoting stem cell expansion and stemness maintenance. However, the mechanisms involved in force transmission and in biochemical signaling at the basis of fate determination are not yet clear. Among the available investigation systems, confocal fluorescence microscopy using fluorescent dyes enables the observation of cell function and shape at the subcellular scale in vital and fixed conditions. Contrarily, nonlinear optical microscopy techniques, which exploit multi-photon processes, allow to study cell behavior in vital and unlabeled conditions. We apply confocal fluorescence microscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to characterize the phenotypic expression of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) towards adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation inside Nichoid scaffolds, in terms of nuclear morphology and specific phenotypic products, by comparing these techniques. We demonstrate that the Nichoid maintains a rounded nuclei during expansion and differentiation, promoting MSCs adipogenic differentiation while inhibiting chondrogenesis. We show that CARS and SHG techniques are suitable for specific estimation of the lipid and collagenous content, thus overcoming the limitations of using unspecific fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parodi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering «G. Natta», Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.J.); (A.B.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering «G. Natta», Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.J.); (A.B.); (M.T.R.)
| | - Arianna Bresci
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering «G. Natta», Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.J.); (A.B.); (M.T.R.)
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Benedetta Talone
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo M. Valensise
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (B.T.); (C.M.V.); (R.O.); (G.C.); (D.P.)
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela T. Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering «G. Natta», Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (E.J.); (A.B.); (M.T.R.)
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10
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Parodi V, Jacchetti E, Osellame R, Cerullo G, Polli D, Raimondi MT. Nonlinear Optical Microscopy: From Fundamentals to Applications in Live Bioimaging. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:585363. [PMID: 33163482 PMCID: PMC7581943 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.585363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent challenge in the field of bioimaging is to image vital, thick, and complex tissues in real time and in non-invasive mode. Among the different tools available for diagnostics, nonlinear optical (NLO) multi-photon microscopy allows label-free non-destructive investigation of physio-pathological processes in live samples at sub-cellular spatial resolution, enabling to study the mechanisms underlying several cellular functions. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of NLO microscopy and the techniques suitable for biological applications, such as two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), second and third harmonic generation (SHG-THG), and coherent Raman scattering (CRS). In addition, we present a few of the most recent examples of NLO imaging employed as a label-free diagnostic instrument to functionally monitor in vitro and in vivo vital biological specimens in their unperturbed state, highlighting the technological advantages of multi-modal, multi-photon NLO microscopy and the outstanding challenges in biomedical engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parodi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Jacchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN) – CNR, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN) – CNR, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN) – CNR, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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11
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Kong C, Pilger C, Hachmeister H, Wei X, Cheung TH, Lai CSW, Lee NP, Tsia KK, Wong KKY, Huser T. High-contrast, fast chemical imaging by coherent Raman scattering using a self-synchronized two-colour fibre laser. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:25. [PMID: 32133128 PMCID: PMC7039946 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy is widely recognized as a powerful tool for tackling biomedical problems based on its chemically specific label-free contrast, high spatial and spectral resolution, and high sensitivity. However, the clinical translation of CRS imaging technologies has long been hindered by traditional solid-state lasers with environmentally sensitive operations and large footprints. Ultrafast fibre lasers can potentially overcome these shortcomings but have not yet been fully exploited for CRS imaging, as previous implementations have suffered from high intensity noise, a narrow tuning range and low power, resulting in low image qualities and slow imaging speeds. Here, we present a novel high-power self-synchronized two-colour pulsed fibre laser that achieves excellent performance in terms of intensity stability (improved by 50 dB), timing jitter (24.3 fs), average power fluctuation (<0.5%), modulation depth (>20 dB) and pulse width variation (<1.8%) over an extended wavenumber range (2700-3550 cm-1). The versatility of the laser source enables, for the first time, high-contrast, fast CRS imaging without complicated noise reduction via balanced detection schemes. These capabilities are demonstrated in this work by imaging a wide range of species such as living human cells and mouse arterial tissues and performing multimodal nonlinear imaging of mouse tail, kidney and brain tissue sections by utilizing second-harmonic generation and two-photon excited fluorescence, which provides multiple optical contrast mechanisms simultaneously and maximizes the gathered information content for biological visualization and medical diagnosis. This work also establishes a general scenario for remodelling existing lasers into synchronized two-colour lasers and thus promotes a wider popularization and application of CRS imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihang Kong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr, 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Pilger
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr, 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Henning Hachmeister
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr, 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Xiaoming Wei
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
- Present Address: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - Tom H. Cheung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cora S. W. Lai
- Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nikki P. Lee
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin. K. Tsia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth K. Y. Wong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Huser
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr, 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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In-line balanced detection stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10745. [PMID: 28878228 PMCID: PMC5587718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce a novel configuration for stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, called In-line Balanced Detection (IBD), which employs a birefringent plate to generate a time-delayed polarization-multiplexed collinear replica of the probe, acting as a reference. Probe and reference cross the sample at the same position, thus maintaining their balance during image acquisition. IBD can be implemented in any conventional SRS setup, by adding a few simple elements, bringing its sensitivity close to the shot-noise limit even with a noisy laser. We tested IBD with a fiber-format laser system and observed signal-to-noise ratio improvement by up to 30 dB.
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Mostaço-Guidolin L, Rosin NL, Hackett TL. Imaging Collagen in Scar Tissue: Developments in Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy for Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1772. [PMID: 28809791 PMCID: PMC5578161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to respond to injury with tissue repair is a fundamental property of all multicellular organisms. The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of fibrillar collagens as well as a number of other components is dis-regulated during repair in many organs. In many tissues, scaring results when the balance is lost between ECM synthesis and degradation. Investigating what disrupts this balance and what effect this can have on tissue function remains an active area of research. Recent advances in the imaging of fibrillar collagen using second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging have proven useful in enhancing our understanding of the supramolecular changes that occur during scar formation and disease progression. Here, we review the physical properties of SHG, and the current nonlinear optical microscopy imaging (NLOM) systems that are used for SHG imaging. We provide an extensive review of studies that have used SHG in skin, lung, cardiovascular, tendon and ligaments, and eye tissue to understand alterations in fibrillar collagens in scar tissue. Lastly, we review the current methods of image analysis that are used to extract important information about the role of fibrillar collagens in scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mostaço-Guidolin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Nicole L Rosin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
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