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Olszewska K, Mizera A, Ławniczak P, Kamińska A, Santillan R, Morales-Chamorro M, Ochoa ME, Farfán N, Łapiński A, Górecki M, Jastrzebska I, Runka T. Molecular Dynamics of Steroidal Rotors Probed by Theoretical, Spectroscopic and Dielectric Methods. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303933. [PMID: 38311598 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Our study focuses on molecular rotors with fast-moving rotators and their potential applications in the development of new amphidynamic crystals. Steroidal molecular rotors with a dipolar fluorine-substituted phenyl group as the rotator were synthesized and characterized. Three different rotors were investigated with varying numbers of fluorine atoms. A comprehensive analysis was performed using vibrational spectroscopy (Raman, FT-IR), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and dielectric response to understand the behavior of the investigated model rotors. The results were supported by theoretical calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods. The angle-dependent polarized Raman spectra confirmed the crystallinity of the samples. Nearly frequency and temperature-independent permittivity suggest low-frequency librational motion of stators. An in-depth analysis of ECD spectra revealed high conformational flexibility in solution, resulting in low ECD effects, while in the solid-state with restricted rotation, significant ECD effects were observed. These findings shed light on the conformational behavior and potential applications of the studied steroidal molecular rotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Olszewska
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Materials Research and Quantum Engineering, Poznan University of Technology Piotrowo, 3, 60-965, Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Mizera
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Ławniczak
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Kamińska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rosa Santillan
- Departamento de Química Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México D.F. Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000, México
| | - Maricela Morales-Chamorro
- Departamento de Química Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México D.F. Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000, México
| | - Ma Eugenia Ochoa
- Departamento de Química Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México D.F. Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000, México
| | - Norberto Farfán
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Andrzej Łapiński
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Górecki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabella Jastrzebska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1 K, 15-254, Białystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Runka
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Materials Research and Quantum Engineering, Poznan University of Technology Piotrowo, 3, 60-965, Poznań, Poland
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Olszewska K, Jastrzebska I, Łapiński A, Górecki M, Santillan R, Farfán N, Runka T. Steroidal Molecular Rotors with 1,4-Diethynylphenylene Rotators: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations Toward Seeking Efficient Properties. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9625-9635. [PMID: 33064491 PMCID: PMC7604858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Properly designed molecular rotors
with sizable stators and a fast-moving
rotator could provide efficient building blocks for amphidynamic crystals.
Herein, we report the synthesis of steroidal compounds 1, 2, and 3 and their deuterated analogues 1D, 2D, and 3D envisioned to work
as molecular rotors. The obtained compounds were characterized by
attenuated total reflection-infrared, Raman, and circular dichroism
(CD) spectroscopy measurements. The interpretation of spectra was
supported by theoretical calculations using density functional theory
methods. The analysis of the most characteristic bands confirmed different
molecular dynamics of the rotors investigated. Angle-dependent polarized
Raman spectra showed the crystallinity of some samples. Electronic
CD (ECD) spectra of compounds 1–3 and their relevant
deuterated analogues 1D–3D are identical. The
increase of the band intensity with lowering the temperature shows
that the equilibrium is shifted to the thermodynamically most stable
conformer. ECD spectra simulated at the TDFFT level of theory for
compound 3 were compared with experimental results. It
was proved that conformer 3a, with a torsion angle of
+50°, exhibits the best agreement with the experimental results.
Simulated vibrational CD and IR spectra for conformer 3a and its deuterated analogue 3Da also display good agreement
with experimental results. In light of our comprehensive investigations,
we evidenced that steroidal compounds 1, 2, and 3 can work as molecular rotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Olszewska
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabella Jastrzebska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-254 Białystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Łapiński
- Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Górecki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rosa Santillan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México D.F. Apdo. Postal 14-740, 07000, Mexico
| | - Norberto Farfán
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México D.F., Mexico
| | - Tomasz Runka
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
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