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Brown S, Evans SJ, Burgum MJ, Meldrum K, Herridge J, Akinbola B, Harris LG, Jenkins R, Doak SH, Clift MJD, Wilkinson TS. An In Vitro Model to Assess Early Immune Markers Following Co-Exposure of Epithelial Cells to Carbon Black (Nano)Particles in the Presence of S. aureus: A Role for Stressed Cells in Toxicological Testing. Biomedicines 2024; 12:128. [PMID: 38255233 PMCID: PMC10813740 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The exposure of human lung and skin to carbon black (CB) is continuous due to its widespread applications. Current toxicological testing uses 'healthy' cellular systems; however, questions remain whether this mimics the everyday stresses that human cells are exposed to, including infection. Staphylococcus aureus lung and skin infections remain prevalent in society, and include pneumonia and atopic dermatitis, respectively, but current in vitro toxicological testing does not consider infection stress. Therefore, investigating the effects of CB co-exposure in 'stressed' infected epithelial cells in vitro may better approximate true toxicity. This work aims to study the impact of CB exposure during Staphylococcus aureus infection stress in A549 (lung) and HaCaT (skin) epithelial cells. Physicochemical characterisation of CB confirmed its dramatic polydispersity and potential to aggregate. CB significantly inhibited S. aureus growth in cell culture media. CB did not induce cytokines or antimicrobial peptides from lung and skin epithelial cells, when given alone, but did reduce HaCaT and A549 cell viability to 55% and 77%, respectively. In contrast, S. aureus induced a robust interleukin (IL)-8 response in both lung and skin epithelial cells. IL-6 and human beta defensin (hβD)-2 could only be detected when cells were stimulated with S. aureus with no decreases in cell viability. However, co-exposure to CB (100 µg/mL) and S. aureus resulted in significant inhibition of IL-8 (compared to S. aureus alone) without further reduction in cell viability. Furthermore, the same co-exposure induced significantly more hβD-2 (compared to S. aureus alone). This work confirms that toxicological testing in healthy versus stressed cells gives significantly different responses. This has significant implications for toxicological testing and suggests that cell stresses (including infection) should be included in current models to better represent the diversity of cell viabilities found in lung and skin within a general population. This model will have significant application when estimating CB exposure in at-risk groups, such as factory workers, the elderly, and the immunocompromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Brown
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Stephen J. Evans
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (M.J.D.C.)
| | - Michael J. Burgum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (M.J.D.C.)
| | - Kirsty Meldrum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (M.J.D.C.)
| | - Jack Herridge
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Blessing Akinbola
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Llinos G. Harris
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Rowena Jenkins
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Shareen H. Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (M.J.D.C.)
| | - Martin J. D. Clift
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK (M.J.D.C.)
| | - Thomas S. Wilkinson
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School (SUMS), Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
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Pan X, Qin P, Liu R, Yu W. Molecular mechanism of coating carbon black nanoparticles with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the binding to serum albumin and the related cytotoxicity. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang X, Zhang G, Yu D, Wang N, Guan Q. The interaction of folate-modified Bletilla striata polysaccharide-based micelle with bovine serum albumin. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:585-597. [PMID: 34586534 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We fabricated an amphiphilic folate-modified Bletilla striata polysaccharide (FA-BSP-SA) copolymer that exhibited good biocompatibility and superior antitumor effects. This study investigated the affinity between FA-BSP-SA and bovine serum albumin (BSA) via multispetroscopic approaches. Changes in the morphology and particle size showed that FA-BSP-SA formed a blurry "protein corona". Stern-Volmer equation demonstrated that FA-BSP-SA micelles decreased the fluorescence of BSA via static quenching. The measurement results of thermodynamic parameters (entropy change, enthalpy change, and Gibbs free energy) suggested that the binding between FA-BSP-SA and BSA was spontaneous in which Van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding played major roles. The results from synchronous fluorescence, circular dichroism, and UV spectra also revealed that BSA conformation was slightly altered by decreasing α-helical contents. In addition, the antitumor effects in vitro of Dox@FA-BSP-SA micelles and the cellular uptake behavior of micelles in 4T1 cells were decreased after incubating with BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, No. 1266, Fujin Road, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guangyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, No. 1266, Fujin Road, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, No. 1266, Fujin Road, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, No. 1266, Fujin Road, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qingxiang Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, No. 1266, Fujin Road, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Molecular interaction of tea catechin with bovine β-lactoglobulin: A spectroscopic and in silico studies. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:238-245. [PMID: 32194324 PMCID: PMC7078544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols has attained pronounced attention due to their beneficial values of health and found to prevent several chronic diseases. Here, we elucidated binding mechanism between frequently consumed polyphenol “tea catechin” and milk protein bovine beta-lactoglobulin (β-Lg). We investigated the conformational changes of β-Lg due to interaction with catechin using spectroscopic and in silico studies. Fluorescence quenching data (Stern-Volmer quenching constant) revealed that β-Lg interacted with catechin via dynamic quenching. Thermodynamic data revealed that the interaction between β-Lg and catechin is endothermic and spontaneously interacted mainly through hydrophobic interactions. The UV-Vis absorption and far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy exhibited that the tertiary as well as secondary structure of β-Lg distorted after interaction with catechin. Molecular docking and simulation studies also confirm that catechin binds at the central cavity of β-Lg with high affinity (~105 M−1) and hydrophobic interactions play significant role in the formation of a stable β-Lg-catechin complex.
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Adverse impact of ambient PM2.5 on expression and trafficking of surfactant protein A through reactive oxygen species damage to lamellar bodies. Toxicol Lett 2019; 315:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Zhang H, Zhang T, Wang Y. Mechanistic understanding and binding analysis of two-dimensional MoS 2 nanosheets with human serum albumin by the biochemical and biophysical approach. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 211:18-25. [PMID: 30502580 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS2 NSs) for biological applications, their complex interactions with human serum albumin (HSA) need to be understood in great detail for the molecular mechanisms of protein structure and activity. It was observed that MoS2 NSs quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA as a consequence of ground-state complex formation by the electron transfer, van der Waals, and hydrophobic forces. The presence of MoS2 NSs partly altered the conformation of HSA and destroyed the binding domain of HSA with bilirubin. In addition, MoS2 NSs can decrease the rate of the formation of beta sheet structures of HSA, reduce the non-enzymatic glycosylation, and increase the esterase-like activity of HSA. We hope that the present study will be helpful to understand the fundamental interactions of the two-dimensional materials with various biomacromolecules in human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224007, People's Republic of China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224002, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224007, People's Republic of China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224002, People's Republic of China.
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