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Ilakiyalakshmi M, Dhanasekaran K, Napoleon AA. A Review on Recent Development of Phenothiazine-Based Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Sensors for the Detection of Cations, Anions, and Neutral Analytes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:29. [PMID: 39237745 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
This review provides an in-depth examination of recent progress in the development of chemosensors, with a particular emphasis on colorimetric and fluorescent probes. It systematically explores various sensing mechanisms, including metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT), ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT), photoinduced electron transfer (PET), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and elucidates the mechanism of action for cation and anion chemosensors. Special attention is given to phenothiazine-based fluorescence probes, highlighting their exceptional sensitivity and rapid detection abilities for a broad spectrum of analytes, including cations, anions, and small molecules. Phenothiazine chemosensors have emerged as versatile tools widely employed in a multitude of applications, spanning environmental and biomedical fields. Furthermore, it addresses existing challenges and offers insights into future research directions, aiming to facilitate the continued advancement of phenothiazine-based fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Ilakiyalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Kumudhavalli Dhanasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ayyakannu Arumugam Napoleon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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2
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Du M, Jiang H, Song M, Zhang Y, Lv H, Zhao S, Du H, Dong Z. A phenothiazine-based ratiometric fluorescence probe for the detection of hydroxylamine in real water and living cells. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4843-4855. [PMID: 38967499 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00881b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a phenothiazine-based ratiometric fluorescent probe PCHO was developed for highly sensitive and specific detection of hydroxylamine (HA). In the presence of HA, the aldehyde group on the PCHO molecule underwent a specific nucleophilic addition with HA to form an oxime group, accompanied by significant changes in fluorescence from green to blue. This detection mechanism was well supported by 1H NMR titration, HRMS and DFT calculations. The probe PCHO exhibited high sensitivity for HA detection (LOD was 0.19 μM) with a rapid response time (1 min), high selectivity and strong anti-interference performance. Surprisingly, the probe PCHO could selectively distinguish HA from its similar competing agents such as hydrazine and amines. Moreover, paper strips loaded with PCHO were prepared and combined with a smartphone to achieve point-of-care and visual detection of HA. The probe PCHO was further applied for the detection of HA in real water samples, achieving a recovery rate of 98.90% to 104.86% and an RSD of 0.86% to 2.44%, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the method. Additionally, the probe PCHO was used for imaging analysis of HA in living cells, providing a powerful visualization tool for exploring the physiological functions of HA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Du
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Haohua Jiang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Meimei Song
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Haijun Lv
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Shuchun Zhao
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Hongxia Du
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Zhipeng Dong
- Hebei Lansheng Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, 052263, China.
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3
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Chen H, Tang Z, Yang Y, Hao Y, Chen W. Recent Advances in Photoswitchable Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probes. Molecules 2024; 29:2521. [PMID: 38893396 PMCID: PMC11173890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the research of photoswitchable probes. These probes undergo reversible structural and electronic changes upon light exposure, thus exhibiting vast potential in molecular detection, biological imaging, material science, and information storage. Through precisely engineered molecular structures, the photoswitchable probes can toggle between "on" and "off" states at specific wavelengths, enabling highly sensitive and selective detection of targeted analytes. This review systematically presents photoswitchable fluorescent and colorimetric probes built on various molecular photoswitches, primarily focusing on the types involving photoswitching in their detection and/or signal response processes. It begins with an analysis of various molecular photoswitches, including their photophysical properties, photoisomerization and photochromic mechanisms, and fundamental design concepts for constructing photoswitchable probes. The article then elaborates on the applications of these probes in detecting diverse targets, including cations, anions, small molecules, and biomacromolecules. Finally, it offers perspectives on the current state and future development of photoswitchable probes. This review aims to provide a clear introduction for researchers in the field and guidance for the design and application of new, efficient fluorescent and colorimetric probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zilong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yewen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuanqiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Wansong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
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4
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Xia HC, Wang HH, Han D, Yang HK, Lv JL, Kong YY. Phenothiazine-based fluorescent probes for the detection of hydrazine in environment and living cells. Talanta 2024; 269:125448. [PMID: 38029607 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
As an important chemical raw material, hydrazine brings convenience to people's lives and provides opportunities for human development. However, the misuse or leakage of hydrazine has brought pollution to the environment, including water, soil and living organisms. At the same time, hydrazine poses a potential threat to human health as a carcinogen. Despite the enormous challenges, it is crucial to develop an effective method to detect hydrazine in environmental samples. In this work, we have synthesized a series of probes based on phenothiazine fluorophore by the introduction of different substituents and developed a novel probe for the detection of hydrazine. The probe is capable of detecting hydrazine in aqueous solutions with high sensitivity and selectivity, and can be easily fabricated into paper test strips for use in in situ samples. In addition, the probe is effective in detecting hydrazine in water, soil, cells, and zebrafish, providing an excellent tool for detecting hydrazine in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Cheng Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Huan-Huan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Di Han
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Hong-Kun Yang
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China
| | - Jie-Li Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
| | - Ying-Ying Kong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, PR China.
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Luo L, Yang Y, Chen S, Zhang P, Zeng R. A Photoelectrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Hypochlorous Acid with a Phenothiazine-Based Photosensitizer. Molecules 2024; 29:614. [PMID: 38338358 PMCID: PMC10856318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a photoelectrochemical sensor for hypochlorous acid (HOCl) detection, employing a phenothiazine-based organic photosensitizer (Dye-PZ). The designed probe, Dye-PZ, follows a D-π-A structure with phenothiazine as the electron-donating group and a cyano-substituted pyridine unit as the electron-accepting group. A specific reaction of the phenothiazine sulfur atom with HOCl enables selective recognition. The covalent immobilization of Dye-PZ onto a titanium dioxide nanorod-coated fluorine-doped tin oxide electrode (FTO/TiO2) using bromo-silane coupling agent (BrPTMS) resulted in the fabrication of the photoanode FTO/TiO2/BrPTMS/Dye-PZ. The photoanode exhibited a significant photoresponse under visible-light irradiation, with a subsequent reduction in photocurrent upon reaction with HOCl. The oxidation of the phenothiazine sulfur atom to a sulfoxide diminished the internal charge transfer (ICT) effect. Leveraging this principle, the successful photoelectrochemical sensing of HOCl was achieved. The sensor showed high stability, excellent reproducibility, and selective sensitivity for HOCl detection. Our study provides a novel approach for the development of efficient photoelectrochemical sensors based on organic photosensitizers, with promising applications in water quality monitoring and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (P.Z.); (R.Z.)
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6
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Cheng J, Luo Y, Hao Y, Han H, Hu X, Yang Y, Long X, He J, Zhang P, Zeng R, Xu M, Chen S. A responsive organic probe based photoelectrochemical sensor for hydrazine detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123463. [PMID: 37778175 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a new photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor for the detection of the hydrazine (N2H4, HZ) based on a donor-π-bridge-acceptor (D-π-A) configuration organic photoactive dye (Dye-HZ). The dye was covalently immobilized on an FTO/TiO2 (FTO: fluorine-doped tin oxide) substrate, resulting in a photoanode FTO/TiO2/Dye-HZ that exhibits a specific PEC response to N2H4. Hydrazine reacts with the acetyl group in the Dye-HZ molecule, leading to its removal and the formation of a hydroxy group. The hydroxy group dissociates a hydrogen ion, forming a phenoxide anion with strong electron-donating characteristics. As a result, the dye molecule exhibits a strong intramolecular charge transfer effect, significantly enhancing absorbance and photoelectric response under visible light irradiation, leading to a remarkable increase in photocurrent and enabling highly sensitive detection of hydrazine. Furthermore, the PEC sensor demonstrates excellent selectivity and can be applied for the detection of hydrazine in real water samples. This study presents an innovative PEC sensing approach for hydrazine based on responsive photoactive molecules, providing new insights for PEC detection of other environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yuanjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yuanqiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China.
| | - Huabo Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Xiangkun Long
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Jing He
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Peisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Rongjin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Maotian Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
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7
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Zhang L, Cheng L. Advances in Optical Probes for the Detection of Hydrazine in Environmental and Biological Systems. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-30. [PMID: 37815930 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2261546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazine, as a crucial raw material in the fine chemical industry, plays an indispensable role in fuel, catalyst, pesticide and drug synthesis. Due to its good water solubility and high toxicity, hydrazine can cause irreparable damage to water and soil in the environment, and it can also be released by taking certain drugs, which brings potential risks to human health. Therefore, it is vital to develop a method that can specifically detect hydrazine in the environment and in vivo. As an effective analysis and detection tool, fluorescence probe has attracted extensive attention in recent years. In this review, we summarized and classified hydrazine fluorescence probes based on various reaction mechanisms, and discussed their structures and applications in the past ten years. At least, we briefly outline the challenges and prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Lijuan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
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8
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Luo L, Cheng J, Chen S, Zhang P, Chen S, Tang Z, Zeng R, Xu M, Hao Y. A near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe for hydrazine and its application for gaseous sensing and cell imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 296:122692. [PMID: 37023655 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazine (N2H4) is a widely used raw material in the chemical industry, but at the same time hydrazine has extremely high toxicity. Therefore, the development of efficient detection methods is crucial for monitoring hydrazine in the environment and evaluating the biological toxicity of hydrazine. This study reports a near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe (DCPBCl2-Hz) for the detection of hydrazine by coupling a chlorine-substituted D-π-A fluorophore (DCPBCl2) to the recognition group acetyl. Due to the halogen effect of chlorine substitution, the fluorophore has an elevated fluorescence efficiency and a lowered pKa value and is suitable for physiological pH conditions. Hydrazine can specifically react with the acetyl group of the fluorescent probe to release the fluorophore DCPBCl2, so the fluorescence emission of the probe system significantly shifted from 490 nm to 660 nm. The fluorescent probe has many advantages, such as good selectivity, high sensitivity, large Stokes shift, and wide applicable pH range. The probe-loaded silica plates can realize convenient sensing gaseous hydrazine with content down to 1 ppm (mg/m3). Subsequently, DCPBCl2-Hz was successfully applied to detect hydrazine in soils. In addition, the probe can also penetrate living cells and allow the visualization of intracellular hydrazine. It can be anticipated that probe DCPBCl2-Hz will be a useful tool for sensing hydrazine in biological and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Jiayuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Peisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Song Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Zilong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Rongjin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Maotian Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Yuanqiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China.
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9
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Tang C, Tong H, Liu B, Wang X, Jin Y, Tian E, Wang F. Robust ERα-Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe for Selective Hydrazine Imaging in Breast Cancer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14012-14020. [PMID: 36166661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and may become worse when a high concentration of hydrazine is absorbed from the environment or drug metabolite. Therefore, rapid and sensitive detection of hydrazine in vivo is beneficial for people's health. In this work, a novel estrogen receptor α (ERα)-targeted near-infrared fluorescence probe was designed to detect hydrazine levels. The probe showed good ERα affinity and an excellent fluorescence response toward hydrazine. Selectivity experiments demonstrated that the probe had a strong anti-interference ability. Mechanistic studies, including mass spectrometry (MS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, indicated that intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) progress was hindered when the probe reacted with hydrazine, resulting in fluorescent quenching. In addition, the probe could selectively bind to MCF-7 breast cancer cells with excellent biocompatibility. The in vivo and ex vivo imaging studies demonstrated that the probe could rapidly visualize hydrazine with high contrast in MCF-7 xenograft tumors. Therefore, this probe can serve as a potential tool to robustly monitor hydrazine levels in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China.,Xianyang Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Drug Synthesis, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongjuan Tong
- Xianyang Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Drug Synthesis, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Xianyang Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Drug Synthesis, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Yushen Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Erli Tian
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Fu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China.,Xianyang Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Drug Synthesis, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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10
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Lu X, Zhan Y, He W. Recent development of small-molecule fluorescent probes based on phenothiazine and its derivates. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112528. [PMID: 35907277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence probes, as analytical tools with the ability to perform rapid and sensitive detection of target analytes, have made outstanding contributions to environmental analysis and bioassays. Considering the expanding developments in these areas, fluorophores play a key role in the de-sign of fluorescence probes. Compared to classical fluorophores, phenothiazines with elec-tron-rich characteristics have been widely applied to construct electron donor-acceptor dyes, which exhibit outstanding performance in both fluorimetric and colorimetric analysis. In addition, these probes also exhibit the pronounced ability in both solution and solid-state, achieving portable detection for environmental analysis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the performance of phenothiazine-based fluorescent probes for detecting various analytes, especially in cations, anions, ROS/RSS, enzyme and other small molecules. The general design rules, response mechanisms and practical applications of the probes are analyzed, followed by a discussion of exiting challenges and future research perspectives. It is hoped that this review will provide a few strategies for the development of phenothiazine-based fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yu Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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11
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Xu YX, Song YM, Chen CY, Shen JW, Zhu HL. A pH-applicative fluorescent probe with long measuring range for monitoring hydrazine in water samples and Arabidopsis thaliana. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120758. [PMID: 34973614 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a fluorescent probe, RhodCl-Hz, with pH-applicative capability and long measuring range, was developed to serve the topic on the enrichment process of hydrazine. It was practical due to the clear acid-base boundary and the sectioned linear ranges. With the excitation wavelength of 515 nm and the emission peak at 565 nm, the detecting system was steady. It exhibited a clear cut-off point at pH 7.0 and steady fluorescence signals within the range of 7.0-10.0. As a whole, the linear range of 10.0-500 µM (1.0-50.0 equivalent) was long. The Limit of Detection value was calculated as 0.64 μM. With high selectivity, RhodCl-Hz was applied to suit water samples and biological imaging in both Arabidopsis Thaliana root tips and living MCF-7 cells. The information here might be helpful for revealing the enrichment process of hydrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu-Meng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Wen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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12
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Ojha M, Banerjee M, Ray S, Singh AK, Anoop A, Singh NDP. Switching photorelease to singlet oxygen generation by oxygen functionalization of phenothiazine photocages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2754-2757. [PMID: 35128556 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06950k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A phenothiazine-based photoremovable protecting group (PRPG) for single and dual release of carboxylic acids was developed. The change in the oxidation state of the sulfur atom of the phenothiazine PRPG resulted in singlet oxygen generation, rather than photorelease. The difference in the photochemistry between oxygen-free and oxygen-functionalized phenothiazine was investigated and supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamata Ojha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Moumita Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Souvik Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Anakuthil Anoop
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - N D Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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Development of phenothiazine-based fluorescent probe with aggregation induced emission (AIE) for detection of hydrazine and its application in imaging of living cells. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Singh PS, Badani PM, Kamble RM. Blue-orange emitting carbazole based donor-acceptor derivatives: Synthesis and studies of modulating acceptor unit on opto-electrochemical and theoretical properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Zhang S, Li L, Zhu J, Mu X, Yan L, Wu X. A Dual Spectroscopic Probe Based on Benzothiazole for Detection of Hydrazine. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin Guangxi 541006 P.R. China
| | - Lingling Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin Guangxi 541006 P.R. China
| | - Jinbiao Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin Guangxi 541006 P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Mu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin Guangxi 541006 P.R. China
| | - Liqiang Yan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin Guangxi 541006 P.R. China
| | - Xiongzhi Wu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin Guangxi 541006 P.R. China
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16
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Mayer L, Müller TJJ. 3,10‐Diaryl Phenothiazines – One‐pot Synthesis and Conformational Tuning of Ground and Excited State Electronics. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mayer
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Thomas J. J. Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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17
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B. Rodrigues AC, Pina J, Seixas de Melo JS. Structure-relation properties of N-substituted phenothiazines in solution and solid state: Photophysical, photostability and aggregation-induced emission studies. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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18
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Zhang XY, Yang YS, Wang W, Jiao QC, Zhu HL. Fluorescent sensors for the detection of hydrazine in environmental and biological systems: Recent advances and future prospects. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Yan L, Zhang S, Xie Y, Mu X, Zhu J. Recent Progress in the Development of Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Hydrazine (N2H4). Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:210-229. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1797464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Yan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Ya Xie
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xinyue Mu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jinbiao Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
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20
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Liu Z, Yang Z, Chen S, Liu Y, Sheng L, Tian Z, Huang D, Xu H. A smart reaction-based fluorescence probe for ratio detection of hydrazine and its application in living cells. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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